Python

For Loop

Quang-Vinh Dinh
Ph.D. in Computer Science

Year 2021
 For Loop
keyword colon
Code before for

Last True
element
done?

False
Iterables
indentation
String
Code in for
Tuple
List
Dictionary
Code after for
range()
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For Loop

Code before for

Last True
element
done?

False

Code in for

Code after for

2
 For Loop
Code before for range(start=0, stop, step=1)

Last True
element range(start=0, stop=5, step=1)
done?

False 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Code in for range(5)

0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Code after for

3
 For Loop
Code before for
break keyword

Last True
element
done?

False Example
break
Code in for

Code after for

4
 For Loop
Code before for
continue keyword

Last True
element
done?

False Example
continue
Code in for

Code after for

5
 Example
 PI estimation

Gregory-Leibniz Series
𝑛
−1 𝑖+1
𝑃𝐼 ≈ 4 ෍
2𝑖 − 1
𝑖=1

Nilakantha Series
𝑛
−1𝑖
𝑃𝐼 ≈ 3 + 4 ෍
2𝑖 + 2 2𝑖 + 3 2𝑖 + 4
𝑖=0

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 Example
 Euler's number
𝑛
1
𝑒 ≈ 1+
𝑛

https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/e-eulers-number.html
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 Example
 Euler's number

𝑒 = 2.71828

1) Compute factorial

2) Compute sum
Formula

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 Example
 Euler's number

Demo
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 Example: Quadratic Root
 Compute quadratic root for the number N
𝑁=9
9
𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑥0 = = 4.5
Newton Method 2
Compute 9
𝑛=0
Set a value for 𝑥0 ; n = 0
(𝑥0 = N/2)
𝑛=0
𝑁 9
𝑥0 + 𝑥 4.5 +
𝑥1 = 0
= 4.5 = 6.5 = 3.25
𝑁 2 2 2
𝑥𝑛 +
𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑛=1
𝑁
2 𝑥1 + 𝑥 3.25 +
9
𝑥2 = 1
= 3.25 = 6.019 = 3.009
2 2 2

n=n+1 𝑛=2
𝑁 9
𝑥2 + 𝑥 3.009 + 3.009
2
𝑥3 = = = 3.00001
2 2
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 Example: Quadratic Root
 Compute quadratic root for the number N

Newton Method

Set a value for 𝑥0 ; n = 0

(𝑥0 = N/2)

𝑁
𝑥𝑛 +
𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑛+1 =
2

n=n+1

11
 Exercises

Fibonacci Sequence
+

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21
Length = 9

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4
 Exercises

∞
𝑛
𝑥 2𝑛+1 𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7 𝑥9
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ≈ ෍ −1 =𝑥− + − + −⋯
2𝑛 + 1 ! 3! 5! 7! 9!
𝑛=0

∞
𝑛
𝑥 2𝑛 𝑥 2 𝑥 4 𝑥 6 𝑥 8 𝑥 10
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ≈ ෍ −1 =1− + − + − +⋯
2𝑛 ! 2! 4! 6! 8! 10!
𝑛=0

∞ 𝑛 1 2 3 4 5
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑒𝑥 ≈ ෍ =1+ + + + + +⋯
𝑛! 1! 2! 3! 4! 5!
𝑛=0

Year 2021 13
4
 Exercises

∞
𝑥 2𝑛+1 𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7 𝑥9
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥 ≈ ෍ =𝑥+ + + + +⋯
2𝑛 + 1 ! 3! 5! 7! 9!
𝑛=0

∞
𝑥 2𝑛 𝑥 2 𝑥 4 𝑥 6 𝑥 8 𝑥 10
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 ≈ ෍ =1+ + + + + +⋯
2𝑛 ! 2! 4! 6! 8! 10!
𝑛=0

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4
 Common Errors
 Error 1

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 Common Errors
 Error 2

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 Common Errors
 Error 3

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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
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 Common Errors
 Error 17

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 Common Errors
 Error 18

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 Common Errors
 Error 19

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 Common Errors
 Error 20

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 Common Errors
 Error 21

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