Prob 5-1

Please see
solution to 5-1 at
the end of the
document.

Prob 5-2
−3 3 1
Vs := 220 R := 10 L := 15.5⋅ 10 f := 5⋅ 10 T :=
f
−4
k := 0.5 E := 20 T = 2 × 10
T⋅ R
z :=
L z = 0.13
Using Eq. (5-25)
⎡⎢ Vs ⎛⎜ ek⋅ z − 1 ⎞⎟ E ⎤⎥
( a) I1 := ⋅ −
⎢ R ⎜ ez − 1 ⎟ R⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ I1 = 8.65
Using Eq. (5-26)

( b) ⎡⎢ Vs ⎛⎜ e− k⋅ z − 1 ⎞⎟ E ⎤⎥
I2 := ⋅ − I2 = 9.35
⎢ R ⎜ e− z − 1 ⎟ R⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters
Page # 5-1
 ( c) ΔI := I2 − I1 ΔI = 0.71
Using Eq. (5-30)
Vs
ΔImax :=
4⋅ f ⋅ L ΔImax = 0.71
Using Eq. (5-27)
Vs ⎡ 1 − e− k⋅ z + e− z − e− ( 1−k) ⋅ z ⎤
ΔI := ⋅⎢ ⎥ ΔI = 0.71
R ⎢ 1−e
− z ⎥
⎣ ⎦
I2 + I1
( d) Ia := Ia = 9
2

( e) Io := I1
2
+
( I2 − I1)
2
+ I1⋅ ( I2 − I1) Io = 9
3

(f ) Is := k⋅ Ia Is = 4.5
Vs
Ri := Ri = 48.89
Is

( g) IR := k⋅ Ia IR = 6.36

( h) Guess

z := 1
Using Eq. (5-31)
Given

⎛ ek⋅ z − 1 ⎟⎞
Vs⋅ ⎜ = E
⎜ ez − 1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Ratio := Find ( z) Ratio = 4.61
T⋅ R
Lcrical := Lcrical⋅ 1000 = 0.43 mH
Ratio

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-2
 Prob 5-3

Given: Vs = 240 V, R = 0.75 Ω, Ia = 180 A, E = 12V, f = 220 Hz, T = 4.5 ms, Δi = 180 × 0.05 = 9
A

The average output voltage Va = kVs = RIa. The voltage across the inductor is given by:

      1

Assuming linear rise in load current wrt to time dt = t1 = kT and di = Δi = 9 A.

For worst case ripple, k = 0.5 (refer Pg 222), and

Δi L = 9 × L = 240(1− 0.5) × 0.5 × 0.0045.

This gives the value of L.

∴ L = 0.03 H
Prob 5-4

Given: Vs = 150 V, E = 250 V, Po = 30 kW

(c) Since the input power must be equal to output power,

∴ Po = Vs × Is. 30000 = 150 × Is.

∴ Is = 30000/150 = 200 A

Similarly, battery current Ib = 300000/250 = 120 A.

(a) Ib = (1− k) Is .

∴ k =0.4

(b) Req = (1− k) E/Is = (1− 0.4) 250 / 200 = 0.75 Ω

Prob 5-5
−3
Vs := 110 L := 6.5⋅ 10 E := 220 k := 0.5

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-3
 3 1 −3
f := 0.250⋅ 10 T := T = 4 × 10
I1 := 0 f

Vs
I2 := ⋅ k⋅ T I2 = 33.85
L
Vs
I ( t) := ⋅t
L

Plot of ID versus VDS

10

6
Time

I ( t)

0
2 .10 4 .10 6 .10 8 .10
4 4 4 4
0
t
Current

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-4
Prob 5-6

Given: Vs = 550 V, E = 140 V, R = 0.5 Ω, L = 10 mH, f = 250 Hz, k = 0.1 to 0.9

For k = 0.1, the load current is discontinuous.

From Eqn. (5.23), I2 = 16.237 A

From Eqn.(5.24), I1 = 0, Δi = 16.237 A, Ia = 8.1185 A

For k = 0.2, the load current is discontinuous.

I2 = 32.153 A, I1 = 0, Δi = 32.153 A, Ia = 16.076 A

For k = 0.3

I2 = 0.942 I1 + 47.56; I1 = 0.8693 I2 − 36.57

Solving, we get I1 = 23.35 A, I2 = 72.38 A, Δi = 49.03 A, Ia = 47.865 A

For k = 0.4

I2 = 0.923 I1 + 63.044; I1 = 0.886 I2 – 31.66

Solving, we get I1 = 132.788 A, I2 = 185.607 A, Δi = 52.819 A, Ia = 159.1975 A

For k = 0.5

I2 = 0.9048 I1 + 78.033; I1 = 0.9048 I2 – 26.645

Solving, we get I1 = 242.417 A, I2 = 293.372 A, Δi = 50.955 A, Ia = 267.8984 A

For k = 0.6

I2 = 0.887 I1 + 92.725; I1 = 0.923 I2 – 21.527

Solving, we get I1 = 353.33 A, I2 = 406.127 A, Δi = 52.797 A, Ia = 379.728 A

For k = 0.7

I2 = 0.869 I1 + 107.126; I1 = 0.9417 I2 – 16.305

Solving, we get I1 = 465.56 A, I2 = 511.696 A, Δi =46.136 A, Ia = 488.628 A

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-5
For k = 0.8

I2 = 0.852 I1 + 121.242; I1 = 0.9607 I2 – 10.978

Solving, we get I1 = 578.94 A, I2 = 614.505 A, Δi =35.565 A, Ia = 596.723 A

For k = 0.9

I2 = 0.835 I1 + 135.078; I1 = 0.9802 I2 − 5.544

Solving, we get I1 = 698.823 A, I2 = 718.595 A, Δi = 19.772 A, Ia = 708.709 A

Prob 5-7
Prob 5-7
−3 f := 250 E := 150
Vs := 600 R := 0.25 L := 20⋅ 10
1 −3
T := T = 4 × 10
f
Using Eq. (5-29)

Vs
⋅ tanh ⎛⎜
R ⎞
ΔImax := ⎟ ΔImax = 29.998
R ⎝ 4⋅ f ⋅ L ⎠
Using Eq. (5-30)
Vs R
ΔImax := ⋅
R 4⋅ f ⋅ L ΔImax = 30

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-6
 Prob 5-8
−3
Vs := 10 R := 7.5 L := 6.5⋅ 10 f := 1000
1
E := 5 k := 0.5 T := T⋅ R
z :=
f L z = 1.15
From Eq. (5-43), we get

Vs⋅ k⋅ z − ( 1−k) ⋅ z Vs − E
e
I1 := ⋅ +
R − ( 1−k) ⋅ z R I1 = 1.65
1−e A
From Eq. (5-44), we get
Vs⋅ k⋅ z 1 Vs − E
I2 := ⋅ +
R − ( 1−k) ⋅ z R I2 = 2.42 A
1−e

ΔI := I2 − I1 A
ΔI = 0.77

Prob 5-9
3 −3
Vs := 15 Va := 6.5 Ia := 0.5 ΔI := 0.25 f := 20⋅ 10 ΔVc := 10⋅ 10
Va
k := k = 0.43
Vs

( a) L :=
(
Va⋅ Vs − Va ) 6
ΔI⋅ f ⋅ Vs L⋅ 10 = 736.67 uH

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-7
 ΔI 6
( c) C := C⋅ 10 = 156.25 uF
8⋅ f ⋅ ΔVc

Va
( d) R := R = 13
Ia

( 1 − k) ⋅ R
From Eq. (5-64) Lc ( k) := 6
2⋅ f Lc ( 0.333) ⋅ 10 = 216.78 μH

1−k
From Eq. (5-65) Cc ( k) :=
16⋅ Lc ( 0.333) ⋅ f
2 6 μF
Cc ( 0.333) ⋅ 10 = 0.48

Prob 5-10

Given: Vs = 9 V, Va = 15 V, Ia = 0.8 A, f = 20 kHz, L = 300 µH, and C = 440 µF.

(a) From Eqn. (5.70), we have 15 = 9/(1− k)

∴ k = 6/15 = 0.4 or 40%

(b) From Eqn. (5.75), ΔI = 9(15−9)/(20000 × 300 x10−6 × 15) = 0.6 A

(c) From Eqn. (5.73), Is = 0.8/(1− 0.4) = 1.33 A

Peak Inductor current I2 = Is + ΔI/2 = 1.33 + .3 = 1.63 A

(d) From Eqn.(5.79), ΔVc = 0.8 × 0.4/(20000 × 440 ×10−6) = 36.36 mV

(e) Ra = Va/Ia = 18.75 Ω

From Eqn.(5.80), Lc = 0.4(1− 0.4) × 18.75 /(2 × 20000) = 112.5 µH

From Eqn.(5.81), Cc = 0.4/(2 × 0000 × 18.75) = 0.533 µF

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-8
Prob 5-11
3
Vs := 12 k := 0.6 Ia := 1.2 f := 25⋅ 10 −6
L := 250⋅ 10 −6
C := 220⋅ 10
−Vs⋅ k
( a) Va := Va = −18
1−k

( d) Ia⋅ k
ΔVc :=
f ⋅C ΔVc⋅ 1000 = 130.91

Vs⋅ k
( c) ΔI := ΔI = 1.152
f ⋅L
k
( d) Is := Ia⋅ Is = 1.8
1−k
Is ΔI
Ip := +
k 2 Ip = 3.58

−V a
( e) R := R = 15
Ia

( 1 − k) ⋅ R
From Eq. (5-96) Lc ( k) := 6
2⋅ f Lc ( 0.6) ⋅ 10 = 120 μH

k
From Eq. (5-97) Cc ( k) := 6
2⋅ f ⋅ R Cc ( 0.6) ⋅ 10 = 0.8 μF
Prob 5-12
3
Vs := 15 k := 0.45 Ia := 1.2 f := 25⋅ 10

−6 −6 −6 −6
L1 := 250⋅ 10 C1 := 400⋅ 10 L2 := 350⋅ 10 C2 := 220⋅ 10

( a) From Eq (5-108)
−Vs⋅ k
Va := Va = −12.27
1−k

( b) From Eq (5-111)

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-9
 Ia⋅ k
Is := Is = 0.98
1−k

( c) From Eq (5-114
Vs⋅ k
ΔI1 := ΔI1 = 1.08
f ⋅ L1

( d) From Eq (5-120)
Ia⋅ ( 1 − k)
ΔVc1 :=
f ⋅ C1 ΔVc1⋅ 1000 = 66 mV

( e) From Eq (5-117)
Vs⋅ k
ΔI2 := ΔI2 = 0.77
f ⋅ L2

(f ) From Eq (5-121)
ΔI2
ΔVc2 :=
8f ⋅ C2 ΔVc2⋅ 1000 = 17.53 mV

( g) Vdm := Va Vdm = −12.27

IL2 := Ia
IL2 = 1.2
ΔI1 ΔI2
Ip := Is + + IL2 + Ip = 3.11
2 2

Prob 5-13
3 Vs
Vs := 15 k := 0.45 Ia := 1.2 f := 25⋅ 10 R := R = 12.5
Ia
2
( 1 − k) ⋅ R
From Eq. (5-123) Lc1 ( k) :=
2⋅ k⋅ f Lc1 ( 0.4) ⋅ 1000 = 4.69 mH

( 1 − k) ⋅ R
From Eq. (5-124) Lc2 ( k) :=
2⋅ f Lc2 ( 0.4) ⋅ 1000 = 0.15 mH

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-10
 k
From Eq. (5-125) Cc1 ( k) := 6
2⋅ f ⋅ R Cc1 ( 0.5) ⋅ 10 = 0.8 μF

1
From Eq. (5-126) Cc2 ( k) := 6
8⋅ f ⋅ R Cc2 ( 0.5) ⋅ 10 = 0.4 μF

Prob 5-14
3
Vs := 110 Va := 80 Ia := 15 f := 10⋅ 10

2.5
RFv := 5 10
100 RFi := RFf :=
100 100

ΔVc := RFv⋅ Va ΔVc = 2

Va
R := R = 5.33
Ia

From Eq (5-56)
Va
k := k = 0.73
Vs
From Eq (5-57)

Is := Ia⋅ k Is = 10.91
ΔIL := RFi⋅ Ia ΔIL = 0.75

ΔI := RFf ⋅ Ia ΔI = 1.5

( a) From Eq (5-59)

Le :=
(
Va⋅ Vs − Va ) 6 3
ΔI⋅ f ⋅ Vs Le⋅ 10 = 1.45 × 10 μH

From Eq (5-61)
ΔI 6
Ce := Ce⋅ 10 = 9.38 μF
ΔVc⋅ 8f

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-11
 Using Eq. (5-160)
k⋅ ΔVc 6
L := L⋅ 10 = 193.94 μH
ΔIL⋅ f
Problem 5-15
PSpice simulation

Prob 5-16
Given: k = 0.6, R = 180 Ω, rL = 1 Ω, rC = 0.3 Ω
.
(a) For Buck converter, voltage gain G(k) = . 0.596 for k = 0.6
(b) For Boost converter, voltage gain G(k) is given by:

G(0.6) = 1.842

(c) For Buck-Boost Converter, voltage gain G(k) is given by:

G(0.6) = −1.105

Prob 5-17
5
k = 0.5 Po := 150 Va := 20 δ :=
100
V2 := Va V2 = 20
Po
I2 := I2 = 7.5
V2

Guess V1 := 10

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-12
 Given k⋅ V1 = V2

( )
VS := Find V1 VS = 40
Po
I1 :=
V1 I1 = 15
V1⋅ δ
ΔV2 :=
V2 ΔV2⋅ 100 = 2.5

−I2⋅ δ
ΔI1 := ΔI1⋅ 100 = −2.5
I1

Prob 5-18
5
k = 0.5 Po := 150 Va := 20 δ :=
100
kp := 1 − k kp = 0.5

δ p := δ ⋅ k δ p = 0.03

V2 := Va V2 = 20

Po
I2 := I2 = 7.5
V2

Guess V1 := 10

Given 1
V = V2
1−k 1

( )
VS := Find V1 VS = 10
Po
I1 :=
V1 I1 = 15

V 2⋅ δ p
ΔV1 := ΔV1⋅ 100 = 5
V1

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-13
 −I1⋅ δ p
ΔI2 := ΔI2⋅ 100 = −5
I2

Prob 5--19
40 5
k := Po := 150 Va := 20 δ :=
100 100
kp := 1 − k kp = 0.6

δ p := δ ⋅ k δ p = 0.02

V2 := Va V2 = 20

Po
I2 := I2 = 7.5
V2

Guess V1 := 10

Given k
V = V2
1−k 1
( )
Vs := Find V1 Vs = 30
Po
I1 := I1 = 15
V1

V1⋅ δ 1
ΔV1 := ⋅ ΔV1⋅ 100 = 20.83
k⋅ kp V1

−I2⋅ δ
ΔI2 :=
k⋅ kp⋅ I2 ΔI2⋅ 100 = −20.83

Prob 5--20
40 5
k := Po := 150 Va := 20 δ :=
100 100
kp := 1 − k kp = 0.6

δ p := δ ⋅ k δ p = 0.02

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-14
 V2 := Va V2 = 20

Po
I2 := I2 = 7.5
V2

Guess V1 := 10

Given k
V = V2
1−k 1

Vs := Find V1 ( ) Vs = 30
Po
I1 := I1 = 15
V1

V1⋅ δ 1 ΔV1⋅ 100 = 20.83

ΔV1 := ⋅
k⋅ kp V1

I1⋅ δ
ΔI2 :=
k⋅ kp⋅ I2 ΔI2⋅ 100 = 41.67

Prob 5-21
j := 0 , 1 .. 10 k j := 0.1⋅ j
Using Eq. (5.156)

R j := 1 − cos ( 2⋅ π ⋅ k j)
R
− k j⋅ T⋅
L
a j := e
kj = Rj =
0 0
0.1 0.19
0.2 0.69
0.3 1.31
0.4 1.81
0.5 2
0.6 1.81
0.7 1.31
0.8 0.69
0.9 0.19
1 0

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-15
 R ( k) := 1 − cos ( 2⋅ π ⋅ k)

Current ratio versus duty cycle

2

1.5
Current ratio

R ( k)
1

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
k
Duty cycle

Prob 5-22

−3 f := 2000 E := 5
Vs := 10 R := 2.5 L := 4.5⋅ 10
1 −4
T := T = 5 × 10
f
T⋅ R z = 1.15
z :=
L
k j := 0.1⋅ j
j := 1 , 2 .. 9
Using Eq. (5-21)
R
− k j⋅ T⋅ ⎛ − k j⋅ T⋅
R⎞
a j := e
L E ⎜ L⎟
b j := ⋅ ⎝ 1 − e ⎠
R

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-16
Using Eq. (5-19)

− ( 1− k j ) ⋅ T ⋅
R
E − Vs ⎡⎢ − ( 1− k j ) ⋅ T ⋅ ⎤
R
L⎥
L
c j := e d j := ⋅⎣ 1 − e ⎦
R

kj = aj = bj = cj = dj =
0.1 0.97 0.05 0.78 -0.44
0.2 0.95 0.11 0.8 -0.4
0.3 0.92 0.16 0.82 -0.35
0.4 0.89 0.21 0.85 -0.31
0.5 0.87 0.26 0.87 -0.26
0.6 0.85 0.31 0.89 -0.21
0.7 0.82 0.35 0.92 -0.16
0.8 0.8 0.4 0.95 -0.11
0.9 0.78 0.44 0.97 -0.05

a j⋅ d j + b j I1 , j := c j⋅ I2 , j + d j c j⋅ b j + d j
I2 , j := I1 , j :=
1 − a j⋅ c j 1 − a j⋅ c j

I1 , j + I2 , j
=
kj = I1 , j = I2 , j = 2
0.1 -1.65 -1.55 -1.6
0.2 -1.29 -1.11 -1.2
0.3 -0.91 -0.68 -0.8
0.4 -0.53 -0.27 -0.4
0.5 -0.14 0.14 0
0.6 0.27 0.53 0.4
0.7 0.68 0.91 0.8
0.8 1.11 1.29 1.2
0.9 1.55 1.65 1.6

From Eq. (5-50), we get

−Vs ⎡ 1 − e− ( 1−k j) ⋅ z ⎤ E
⋅⎢
I1 , j := ⎥+
R ⎢ 1 − e− z ⎥ R
⎣ ⎦

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-17
 From Eq. (5-51), we get

−Vs ⎛ e− k j⋅ z − e− z ⎞ E
⋅⎜
I2 , j := ⎟+
R ⎜ 1 − e− z ⎟ R
⎝ ⎠

ΔI2 , j := I2 , j − I1 , j

kj = I1 , j = I2 , j = ΔI2 , j =
0.1 -1.65 -1.55 0.1
0.2 -1.29 -1.11 0.18
0.3 -0.91 -0.68 0.23
0.4 -0.53 -0.27 0.27
0.5 -0.14 0.14 0.28
0.6 0.27 0.53 0.27
0.7 0.68 0.91 0.23
0.8 1.11 1.29 0.18
0.9 1.55 1.65 0.1

j := 1 , 2 .. 5 k j := 0.1⋅ j

R
− k j⋅ T⋅ ⎛ − k j⋅ T⋅ ⎞
R
a j := e
L E ⎜ L⎟
b j := ⋅ ⎝ 1 − e ⎠
R

− ( 1− k j ) ⋅ T ⋅
R
E − Vs ⎡⎢ − ( 1− k j ) ⋅ T ⋅ ⎤
R
L⎥
L
c j := e d j := ⋅⎣ 1 − e ⎦
R
kj = aj = bj = cj = dj =
0.1 0.97 0.05 0.78 -0.44
0.2 0.95 0.11 0.8 -0.4
0.3 0.92 0.16 0.82 -0.35
0.4 0.89 0.21 0.85 -0.31
0.5 0.87 0.26 0.87 -0.26

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-18
I1 , j := 0 I2 , j := b j
I1 , j + I2 , j
=
kj = I1 , j = I2 , j = 2
0.1 0 0.05
0.03
0.2 0 0.11
0.05
0.3 0 0.16
0.08
0.4 0 0.21
0.11
0.5 0 0.26
0.13

Chapter 5 DC-DC Converters

Page # 5-19