FI Component Short Description

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© Copyright 1998 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
No part of this brochure may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without
the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without
prior notice.
SAP AG further does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text, graphics,
links, or other items contained within these materials. SAP AG shall not be liable for any special,
indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost
profits, which may result from the use of these materials. The information in this documentation is
subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of SAP AG for
the future.
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Caution
Example
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Basic Functions ........................................................................................................................ 11
Master Data......................................................................................................................... 12
Standard G/L Account Maintenance .............................................................................. 13
Cross-Company G/L Account Maintenance................................................................... 14
G/L Account Postings.......................................................................................................... 15
Planning............................................................................................................................... 16
Financial Calendar .............................................................................................................. 17
Open Item management ..................................................................................................... 18
Closing Operations.............................................................................................................. 19
Interest Calculation.............................................................................................................. 20
Special Functions ................................................................................................................ 21
External Documents....................................................................................................... 22
Document Parking.......................................................................................................... 23
Business Area Accounting........................................................................................................ 24
Foreign Currency Accounting ................................................................................................... 25
Preparation for Consolidation ................................................................................................... 26
Assignments and Data Transfer.......................................................................................... 27
Assignments................................................................................................................... 28
Realtime Update ............................................................................................................ 29
Rollup ............................................................................................................................. 30
Periodic Extract .............................................................................................................. 31
Transfer of Legacy Data................................................................................................. 32
Company Consolidation ...................................................................................................... 33
Assignments................................................................................................................... 34
Balance Reconciliation................................................................................................... 35
Parallel Currencies......................................................................................................... 36
Parallel Valuation ........................................................................................................... 37
Planning ......................................................................................................................... 38
Business Area Consolidation .............................................................................................. 39
Assignments................................................................................................................... 40
Preparations in Financial Accounting............................................................................. 41
Preparations in Asset Accounting .................................................................................. 42
Preparations in Controlling............................................................................................. 43
Preparations in Materials Management ......................................................................... 44
Preparations in Sales ..................................................................................................... 45
Company Code Consolidation ............................................................................................ 46
Information System ............................................................................................................. 47
Legal Consolidation .................................................................................................................. 48
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Basic Functions ................................................................................................................... 49

Consolidation Procedures .............................................................................................. 50
Master Data.................................................................................................................... 51
Centralized Data Entry ................................................................................................... 52
Online Data Entry...................................................................................................... 53
Automatic Data Transfer........................................................................................... 54
Consolidation Management ........................................................................................... 55
Data Transfer Monitor ............................................................................................... 56
Consolidation Step Monitor....................................................................................... 57
Validation Check ....................................................................................................... 58
Currency Translation...................................................................................................... 59
Posting ........................................................................................................................... 60
Intercompany Elimination............................................................................................... 61
Elimination of IC Profit / Loss in Inventory ..................................................................... 62
Elimination of IC Profit / Loss in Transferred Assets ..................................................... 63
Consolidation of Investments......................................................................................... 64
Other Consolidation Functions....................................................................................... 65
Reclassification ......................................................................................................... 66
Bundling Consolidation Activities.............................................................................. 67
Services ......................................................................................................................... 68
Balance Carryforward ............................................................................................... 69
Copy Function........................................................................................................... 70
Remote Data Entry.............................................................................................................. 71
Data Entry with MS Access............................................................................................ 72
Data Entry with dBase.................................................................................................... 73
Data Entry on Non-SAP Systems .................................................................................. 74
Information System ............................................................................................................. 75
Master Data, Financial Data, Control Parameters ......................................................... 76
Journal Entries ............................................................................................................... 77
Standard Reports ........................................................................................................... 78
Totals Reports........................................................................................................... 79
Report Writer / Report Painter .................................................................................. 80
Interactive Reports.................................................................................................... 81
Interactive Excel........................................................................................................ 82
Data Forwarding............................................................................................................. 83
Data Forwarding for Step Consolidation................................................................... 84
Data Forwarding for EIS ........................................................................................... 85
Accounts Payable..................................................................................................................... 86
Basic Functions ................................................................................................................... 87
Master Data.................................................................................................................... 88
Financial Calendar ......................................................................................................... 89
Invoice Parking............................................................................................................... 90
Invoices and Credit Memos ........................................................................................... 91
Release for Payment...................................................................................................... 92
Manual Payments .......................................................................................................... 93
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Down Payments ............................................................................................................. 94

Bills of Exchange............................................................................................................ 95
Payment Transactions ................................................................................................... 96
Dunning .......................................................................................................................... 97
Open Item Management ................................................................................................ 98
Correspondence............................................................................................................. 99
Interest Calculation ...................................................................................................... 100
Closing Operations....................................................................................................... 101
Special Functions......................................................................................................... 102
External documents ................................................................................................ 103
EDI .......................................................................................................................... 104
Information System ........................................................................................................... 105
Accounts Receivable .............................................................................................................. 106
Basic Functions ................................................................................................................. 107
Master Data.................................................................................................................. 108
Financial Calendar ....................................................................................................... 109
Invoices and Credit Memos ......................................................................................... 110
Manual Payments ........................................................................................................ 111
Basic Functions....................................................................................................... 112
Payment Advice Notes (Incoming) ......................................................................... 113
Down Payments ........................................................................................................... 114
Bill of Exchange ........................................................................................................... 115
Payment Transactions ................................................................................................. 116
Dunning ........................................................................................................................ 117
Open Item Management .............................................................................................. 118
Correspondence........................................................................................................... 119
Interest Calculation ...................................................................................................... 120
Special Functions......................................................................................................... 122
External Documents................................................................................................ 123
Preliminary Postings ............................................................................................... 124
Credit Management...................................................................................................... 125
Information System ...................................................................................................... 126
Asset Accounting.................................................................................................................... 127
Basic Functions ................................................................................................................. 128
Asset Maintenance....................................................................................................... 129
Basic Valuation Functions............................................................................................ 130
Depreciation Areas ................................................................................................. 131
Derived Depreciation Areas .................................................................................... 132
Calculation of Interest ............................................................................................. 133
Period Control ......................................................................................................... 134
Group Assets .......................................................................................................... 135
Valuation Methods .................................................................................................. 136
Fiscal Year Specifications ............................................................................................ 137
Alternative Fiscal Year Variants.............................................................................. 138
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Shortened Fiscal Year ............................................................................................ 139

Half Months............................................................................................................. 140
Period Weighting (4-4-5 Rule) ................................................................................ 141
Depreciation ................................................................................................................. 142
Ordinary Depreciation ............................................................................................. 143
Special Depreciation ............................................................................................... 144
Unplanned Depreciation ......................................................................................... 145
Transferred Reserves ............................................................................................. 146
Manual Depreciation ............................................................................................... 147
Unit-of-Production Depreciation.............................................................................. 148
Transactions................................................................................................................. 149
Acquisitions............................................................................................................. 150
Down Payments...................................................................................................... 151
Retirements............................................................................................................. 152
Transfer Postings.................................................................................................... 153
Settlement of Line Items for AUC ........................................................................... 154
Manual Value Adjustment....................................................................................... 155
Posting Depreciation to the General Ledger .......................................................... 156
Validations .............................................................................................................. 157
Specific Valuations ............................................................................................................ 159
Reserve for Special Depreciation ................................................................................ 160
Indexed Replacement Values ...................................................................................... 161
Handling of Inflation ..................................................................................................... 162
Investment Support ...................................................................................................... 163
Net Worth Tax .............................................................................................................. 164
Insurance ..................................................................................................................... 165
Leasing Processing ........................................................................................................... 166
Group Requirements ......................................................................................................... 167
Historical Group Currency............................................................................................ 168
Group Valuation ........................................................................................................... 169
Intercompany Profit / Loss due to Asset Transfer........................................................ 170
Information System ........................................................................................................... 171
Standard Reports ......................................................................................................... 172
Individual Report Selection .......................................................................................... 173
Report Links ................................................................................................................. 174
Individual Asset History Sheet Versions ...................................................................... 175
Conversion Methods for the Info System..................................................................... 176
Special Purpose Ledger ......................................................................................................... 177
Master Data....................................................................................................................... 178
Tables .......................................................................................................................... 179
Ledger .......................................................................................................................... 180
Code Combinations...................................................................................................... 181
Sets .............................................................................................................................. 182
Integrated Master Data ................................................................................................ 183
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Table Definition and Installation ........................................................................................ 184

Direct Data Entry ............................................................................................................... 185
Planning............................................................................................................................. 186
Assessment....................................................................................................................... 187
Distribution ........................................................................................................................ 188
Rollup ................................................................................................................................ 189
Currency Translation ......................................................................................................... 190
Balance Carryforward........................................................................................................ 191
Data Transfer .................................................................................................................... 192
Integration Interface .......................................................................................................... 193
Validation, Substitution and Rules.......................................................................................... 194
Validation........................................................................................................................... 195
Substitution........................................................................................................................ 196
Rules ................................................................................................................................. 197
Information System................................................................................................................. 198
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The “Financial Accounting” component meets the international demands of a company’s financial
accounting requirements using an open, integrated data flow and simplifies financial decision
making to a large extent.
All postings between the different applications in the R/3 system are made realtime. For example,
if you post to the “Accounts payable” subledger, then the system automatically makes an
offsetting entry to the general ledger.
The R/3 Financial Accounting component is divided into the following areas:
• General Ledger Accounting
• Consolidation
• Accounts Payable
• Accounts Receivable
• Asset Accounting
• Special Purpose Ledger
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The General Ledger is used for generating financial closing statements (balance sheets and
profit and loss statements) which are required by law. It records transaction figures from G/L
accounts and is managed in the currency of the respective country.
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The General Ledger is the central component of Financial Accounting. The G/L summarizes
accounting transactions using sub-ledgers and direct account assignment. It is therefore a
required component in the R/3 accounting system.
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In "basic functions" you can select the basis functionalities for General Ledger accounting.
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A master record is created for each G/L account, which allows the account to be managed
properly in the system.
The master record contains information which controls the entry and posting of accounting
transactions to the appropriate account and the processing of posting data.
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“Standard G/L account maintenance” contains all common transactions (create, delete, lock, etc.)
which are related to G/L accounts.
G/L account maintenance is required for the initial setup of all accounts, as well as for the
changes which need to be made to G/L accounts during the course of normal business
operations.
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“Cross-company G/L account maintenance is necessary if you work with multiple company codes
and/or charts of accounts.
If you want to reuse charts of accounts and G/L accounts, you can copy the charts and create
reference or sample accounts. You can create G/L accounts at the company code or chart of
accounts level. This is necessary in cases where you use the same chart of accounts in multiple
company codes, yet the accounts are set up differently at the company code level.
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Accounting transactions which affect the General Ledger create “G/L account postings”.
Postings to sub-ledger accounts (accounts payable/receivable, asset accounting) can cause G/L
account postings to be generated, due to their integration in the FI system.
The line items contain information for each line, such as the posting key, account number and
amount. Further information may also be required, based on the type of transaction being
posted.
There are other types of documents in the system besides the accounting documents described,
such as sample documents and recurring documents. These documents serve to simplify the
data entry procedure.
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In Financial Accounting, “planning” is carried out on a per-company code basis. Planning can be
carried out for accounts or for a combination of accounts/business areas within a company code.
You can plan in the following ways for each company code:
• accounts only, no business areas,
• accounts and business areas and
• accounts and selected business areas.
Planning is always carried out in the local currency and on a yearly basis. You cannot, for
example, carry out planning for a fiscal year.
You can create multiple planning versions for each financial statement version, and each
planning version can be assessed with various financial statement versions.
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The financial calendar provides you with an overview of all the accounting tasks that are planned
in the system, such as dunning and payment runs, automatic and manual closing operations or
reports to be run. Linked with SAP Workflow component, you can also document the tasks that
need to be completed, along with the date on which they must be completed, and then allocate
and forward them to certain users in the system.
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If, when implementing this component, you want to be able to have several employees share the
function to monitor the schedules of an area, you must select the component for the HR
organizational elements as well.
To have the option of distributing individual tasks, that must be completed by a specified
deadline, to certain employees, you have to implement both SAP Workflow and the HR
organizational elements.
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Items belonging to an account with open item management are designated as open or cleared.
The balance of such an account is always derived from the balance of its open items. G/L
accounts are maintained with open item management if you want to bee able to check whether
requisite offsetting entries have already been made for an accounting transaction.
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Preparation and execution of all procedures that are necessary for:
• day-end closing
• month-end closing
• year-end closing
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Interest on accounts receivable can be determined by either calculating interest on the balance
or calculating interest on the arrears.
Interest calculation is controlled by the following specifications:
• Data entered in the master record of the account, such as the interest indicator to be
used and information for determining the calculation period for the account.
• Settings made under the interest indicator, for example, interest rates.
• Options set at the time of interest calculation, including selection criteria, for example,
which limit the number of accounts included in the interest calculation.
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The following General Ledger-related special functions are also available:
• external documents
• document parking
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You need these components if you want to work with either external documents or document
parking.
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This procedure enables the accounting department to create documents for an external SAP
installation, to process these documents further and to store them in an operating system file.
This file is transported to the external system via e-mail or disk, where it is imported into the
proper database.
After examining and, if necessary, further processing these documents, users can select them
and then post them using an internal batch input mode in the external system.
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You only need this component if you interchange documents with external SAP installations and
post them via batch input.
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When you save a parked document, no transaction figures, asset values or control totals are
updated in the General Ledger. No automatic postings are generated and account balance
checks are not carried out. However, the balance is displayed in the document overview under
“parked documents”.
The system issues a document number. Document number assignment proceeds as it does for
document entry. The parked document can then be updated at a later date, pending approval or
examination.
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A business area is an organizational unit within financial accounting which represents a separate
area of operations or responsibilities within an organization. Financial accounting transactions
can be allocated to a specific business area.
The business area serves primarily in segment reporting functions, and can be defined
independently of the structures in other enterprise areas, such as sales or purchasing.,.
You have to ensure that the ‘business area’ field is ready for input in all document line items if
you want to generate a balance sheet and profit and loss statement for business areas. In
addition, the system should contain a company code specification which determines that
business area balance sheets should be generated.
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“Currency Accounting” allows you to manage accounts in multiple currencies.
Transaction and local currencies are maintained for each posting:
Transaction currency Currency in which each document is posted
Local currency Currency in which financial statements are generated
You also have the option of using two additional parallel currencies in accounting transactions.
You can select two of the following currency types:
Hard currency Parallel currency for generating the balance sheet and profit and
loss statement (i.e., for countries with hyperinflation)
Index currency Parallel currency for generating the balance sheet and profit and
loss statement (i.e., for countries with hyperinflation)
Group currency Currency in which the consolidated financial statements are
generated
Global company currency Currency of the company to which the company code belongs
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This component covers general specifications as part of the preparation for consolidation, as well
as various methods for the integrated transfer of individual financial statement data into the
Consolidation system.
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This component must always be selected for the preparation for consolidation.
Please note the following when selecting the data transfer component (next hierarchy level):
Ensure that you choose a uniform data transfer method for all of the company codes set up in the
sender system. Any exceptions to the rule can be portrayed on a company code basis using
tools found in the FI-SL application (Special Purpose Ledger).
Assuming the situation in your system permits all data transfer methods, you should compare the
advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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Assignments determine the receiving consolidation system and defines the consolidation
functions in respect to its scope, type of consolidation, and so on.
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This component is mandatory for the preparation for consolidation.
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A data transfer method by which every individual business transaction relevant to the general
ledger is updated in the totals records of the consolidation processing ledger immediately after
posting.
General ledger accounts in FI General Ledger Accounting and FS items in Consolidation are
linked through the corporate chart of accounts, whose accounts correspond with the items. By
assigning general ledger accounts to accounts in the corporate chart, you reassign the general
ledger account as an item and enable the Consolidation processing ledger to be updated.
With this component you set up realtime update and make the necessary settings for account
reassignment.
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A precondition for realtime update is that the sender and receiver of data work in the same R/3
system and client (central scenario).
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A data transfer method which selects balances from a specified ledger. Normal reassignment of
organizational units and accounts is made possible by predefined standard exits within the field
grouping code for the rollup processor. You need to enhance the field grouping code in
Customizing for customer-specific additional account assignments.
With this component you set up the rollup and make the necessary settings for account
reassignment.
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This procedure is possible both in a central scenario and also across systems and clients.
A rollup is particularly suitable for transferring individual financial statement data if you enter
customer-specific additional account assignments in General Ledger Accounting and want to
duplicate these in the consolidation processing ledger.
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A data transfer method which updates every individual business transaction relevant to the
general ledger in the totals records of the consolidation staging ledger. Data is selected
periodically in an extract and imported into the consolidation processing ledger.
General ledger accounts in FI General Ledger Accounting and FS items in Consolidation are
linked through the group financial statement version. This version must correspond with the
Consolidation FS chart of accounts, enabling general ledger accounts to be reclassified as items
when the extract is imported into the consolidation processing ledger.
With this component you set up periodic extract and make the necessary settings for account
reassignment
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This procedure is possible both in a central scenario and also across systems and clients.
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Transfer of the data set from a previous system.
This component allows you to create and initial data set in the consolidation staging ledger or the
consolidation processing ledger, and to modify the data set if the additional account assignments
required for consolidation are missing. Furthermore, this component allows you to compare the
consolidation staging ledger and processing ledger with the general ledger and to delete test
data.
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It is recommended that this component always be selected for the preparation for consolidation.
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Company consolidation is used to draw up consolidated financial statements based on legally
independent companies. In operational SAP systems, it is usually the company codes which
pass on their individual financial statement data to the Consolidation system.
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This component should be selected for company consolidation and also if you select the
“business area consolidation” component. The assignments which need to be made for the
company consolidation should also be made for business area consolidation.
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This component allows you to assign master data which is used for the automatic account
assignment of trading partners when posting intercompany business transactions.
You can assign the following:
• A company ID in the customer/vendor master record. Internal trading partners are
represented in customer/vendor master records.
• A company ID in the general ledger (G/L) account master record. If business
relationships with other internal trading partners are not represented in
customer/vendor master records but instead in G/L accounts specifically set up for
this purpose, you enter the company ID directly into the G/L account master record.
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This component is mandatory for preparations for consolidation.
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Balance reconciliation is a procedure for comparing and clarifying differences when handling
postings for partner-related activities in the individual financial statements of internal trading
partners.
The main purpose of balance reconciliation is to recognize any differences early on in
consolidation.
As of Release 3.0E, a balance reconciliation program with various assignment procedures is
available.
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Parallel currencies are required for consolidation if transactions are to be transferred to the
consolidated financial statements after being translated using the spot exchange rate, and you do
not want to retranslate using periodic, average or current exchange rates.
Two further currencies, such as group currency, can be managed in parallel with the local
currency. You can specify whether a parallel currency will be managed for a company code
(company), and if so which.
With this component you make the necessary settings for parallel currencies in operational
applications.
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Choose this component when implementing parallel currencies.
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The Consolidation module distinguishes between local valuation (individual financial statements)
and corporate valuation. In operational SAP applications, it is often possible to manage data in
parallel according to both local and corporate valuations.
With this component you make the necessary settings for parallel valuation in operational
applications.
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Choose this component when implementing parallel currencies.
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A budgeted balance sheet and income statement from FI General Ledger Accounting can (like
actual data) be prepared locally and transferred to Consolidation.
The entry of plan data in FI with additional account assignments such as trading partner or
transaction type is currently only possible using the FI-SL (Special Purpose Ledger) application,
and by transferring data to Consolidation in a rollup.
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If you want to transfer plan data to Consolidation in a rollup, you need to select the “Rollup”
component.
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Consolidation on the basis of consolidation units, which are combinations of one company and
one consolidation business area.
In the individual financial statements, business areas can also be specified as additional account
assignments in posting transactions. Balance sheets can be prepared for business areas. The
SAP Consolidation system (FI-LC) can generate consolidated financial statements for business
areas by performing eliminations between business areas.
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If you select this component, you also need to select the “Business area consolidation”
component, since the settings for business area consolidation are a prerequisite for business
area consolidation.
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With this component you can form consolidation units for business area consolidation.
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This component is mandatory for preparations for business area consolidation.
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This component allows you to modify the settings in Financial Accounting to match the
requirements of business area consolidation.
You need to set up account assignment procedures in Financial Accounting so that one business
area must be specified for each entry posted. Accordingly, you must maintain the field status
definitions for the general ledger entries and create accounts for the subsequent debiting of
business areas.
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This component is mandatory for preparations for business area consolidation.
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This component allows you to modify the settings in Asset Accounting to match the requirements
of business area consolidation.
In Asset Accounting, you can assign an asset to the appropriate business area in the asset
master records. Asset postings then “inherit” the assigned business area and, where applicable,
the trading partner business area.
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You should only select this component if the FI-AA (Financial Accounting) application is
implemented.
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This component allows you to modify the settings in Controlling to match the requirements of
business area consolidation.
You can make assignments to business areas in the CO account assignment objects such as
cost center, order, or project.
You can use this component to make settings related to inter-business area eliminations for
reconciliation postings between Controlling and Financial Accounting.
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You should only select this component if the CO (Controlling) application is implemented.
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This component allows you to modify the settings in Materials Management to match the
You need to make the following master data assignments in order to automatically derive the
business area:
• The combination of division and valuation area should be assigned to a business
area.
• In the material master records, the relevant division should be entered for articles,
products and services.
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You should only select this component if the MM (Materials Management) application is
implemented.
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This component allows you to modify the settings in Sales and Distribution to match the
You need to select one of the following alternative rules in order to automatically derive the
business area:
• Assignment of a business area by plant and division.
• Assignment of a business area by sales area
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You should only select this component if the SD (Sales and Distribution) application is
implemented.
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Consolidation using the General Ledger.
You can create consolidated financial statements via G/L accounts in cases involving a small
number of company codes.
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The G/L accounting information system enables you to evaluate information in the general
ledger. Its primary database is the Financial Accounting application. This application is a central
data pool, which collects all accounting data arising within an organization. The purpose of the
financial information system is to evaluate this extensive database online and display the
information in easily-readable form.
G/L account transaction figures and the financial statement versions are the primary sources of
data for the G/L account information system. Balance sheet analyses and balance sheet ratio
reports are the available report types. You can also generate your own user-specific reports.
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Inclusion of the individual financial statements of group companies in the consolidated financial
statements according to the “single legal entity” theory. This theory states that consolidated
financial statements should show the assets, financial position and income of a group as if the
group were a single enterprise.
To achieve this, all effects on the consolidated financial statements arising from goods and
services and financial dependencies between the internal trading partners must be eliminated.
In the FI-LC Consolidation system you can consolidate business areas as well as companies.
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You should select this component if you want to prepare consolidated financial statements
according to legal regulations, or periodic financial statements and plan consolidation for
information purposes.
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This component includes the individual consolidation activities.
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The R/3 application Consolidation supports two consolidation procedures:
• Simultaneous Consolidation
Simultaneous Consolidation takes into consideration all companies to be included in
the corporate group in a single process. A subgroup, which represents the corporate
group and includes all companies, is created in the Consolidation system. If you
need to consolidate further groups of companies, say, for reporting purposes, you
must create additional subgroups.
• Step Consolidation
In Step Consolidation, each company is consolidated "in steps" according to the
hierarchy in the (multi-level) group. A subgroup is created for each hierarchy level.
The consolidated subgroup statements flow into the consolidation for the next higher
hierarchy level.
Each of the subgroup statements are generated according to the procedure Simultaneous
Consolidation. Step Consolidation is the result of the step-by-step processing of the group
hierarchy.
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This component is only intended to inform you about the two different consolidation procedures.
The selection of this component has no effect on the Customizing activities or any activities in a
live Consolidation application.
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The master data of Consolidation essentially consists of companies, subgroups and financial
statement items. You can (simultaneously) implement any of the multiple FS charts of accounts
included in the standard SAP system.
This component allows you to maintain master data.
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This component is mandatory for Consolidation.
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Central data entry provides you with (a) the capability of entering input individual financial
statement data into the R/3 Consolidation system using data entry forms (online data entry), and
(b) an integrated automatic transfer of individual financial statement data from other SAP
systems.
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Online data entry is available in the Consolidation menu via data entry forms and financial
reporting tables. The data from the companies is input via data entry forms. Certain financial
data tables also accept company data which is needed for performing the individual consolidation
steps.
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It is recommended that the component always be selected for Consolidation in order to enable a
central input of data into the R/3 Consolidation system.
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The following options are available for the integrated transfer of individual financial statement
data from other R/3 systems into Consolidation:
• Periodic extract
A data transfer method, in which the totals records in the consolidation staging ledger
are updated with each G/L-related business transaction and are imported into the
Consolidation ledger in periodic intervals.
• Realtime update
This data transfer method posts each G/L-related business transaction directly to the
totals records of the consolidation ledger. This method is only available in central
scenarios (in which the sender and receiver applications are both located in the same
system and the same client).
• Rollup
This data transfer method selects the data from any ledger.
• Upload from R/2
You can use an upload to retrieve consolidation data from R/2 systems.
This component allows you to customize the settings required for importing data into the
Consolidation system.
The setting of the data transfer method in the operational systems is part of the preparation for
consolidation.
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If this component is selected, you must also select the component "Preparation for
Consolidation" (in the application FI/General Ledger) in the respective operational systems.
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Involves the execution, management and reconciliation of each of the consolidation activities.
The consolidation status shows which activities have been performed. A certain sequence must
be adhered to in order to ensure that consolidation is performed in an orderly fashion.
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Monitors the transfers of individual financial statement data into the Consolidation system. The
data monitor has essentially the following functions:
• displays the import procedure for each company
• displays the import status of each company
• executes the import of data for a single company or a bundle of multiple companies
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Monitors the consolidation steps. Consolidation entries must be posted at pre-determined
intervals within the consolidation sequence and is therefore controlled by status management in
order to ensure that consolidation is executed in an orderly fashion. Status management is
broken down into the areas of data entry, currency translation and subgroups.
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Ensures the integrity of the consolidation data at the following intervals:
• after data entry has occurred
• after data entry and the standardizing entries have occurred
• after the eliminating and consolidation entries have occurred
The validation results are evaluated in consolidation status management.
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This component is mandatory for consolidation.
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Currency translation allows for individual translation of data for each company from its local
currency (or even the transaction currency) into the group (reporting) currency. A translation
method is assigned to the companies in each company master record. A translation method
determines which sets of financial statement items are translated and which exchange rate is
used.
SAP provides predefined translation methods. This component also allows you to define your
own translation methods to meet your individual requirements.
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The component must be selected under the following conditions:
• The individual financial statement data is to be translated into group currency.
• One or more companies are to be included in the consolidated financial statements
on a proportional basis. The individual financial statement data is apportioned during
currency translation.
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The Consolidation system allows four types of entries:
• standardizing entries
• consolidation entries in pairs
• subgroup-consolidating entries with trading partners within the group
• subgroup-consolidating entries with group-external trading partners
The component features the maintenance of document types, the maintenance of number ranges
(for assigning document numbers) and the definition of entry validations.
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This component is mandatory for consolidation.
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Eliminates group-internal receivables and payables as well as group-internal revenue and
expenses.
IC elimination is based on partner-based input of financial statement items in the individual
financial statement data. Elimination rules determine which FS items are cleared against each
other and how to treat any elimination differences that might occur.
SAP provides predefined elimination rules. The component also allows you to define your own
rules to accommodate your individual requirements.
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You only gain access to the automatic functions of Intercompany Elimination when this
component is selected. Otherwise, the elimination entries may have to be posted manually.
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Eliminates the net income that is generated by group-internal sales and services.
This component interprets intercompany profit/loss as the difference between the group-internal
price of sale and the acquisition and production costs, seen from the group’s point of view.
In addition to the individual financial statement data, the elimination of IC profit/loss also requires
the input of additional data in the financial reporting tables, which the system needs to determine
the IC profit/loss to be eliminated.
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You only gain access to the automatic functions of the Elimination of IC Profit/Loss when this
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Eliminates group-internal transfers of assets. According to the entity theory in corporate
accounting, the sale of fixed assets between companies within a consolidated group must be
treated as if the asset merely was "shifted" from one plant to another.
As a result, the group needs to (a) eliminate any intercompany profit or loss that was generated
by the sale of the asset, and (b) continue the depreciation of the asset using the method and
valuation that originated at the retiring company.
In addition to the individual financial statement data, the elimination of IC profit/loss in transferred
assets also requires the input of additional data in the financial reporting tables.
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You only gain access to the automatic functions of the Elimination of IC Profit/Loss when this
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Eliminates the investments of parent companies against the proportional equity of the
subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated companies in the group; also processes minority
interest.
The Consolidation system supports all conventional methods for the consolidation of investments
including the various variants:
• purchase method using the book value or revaluation method
• pooling of interests using the book value method
• proportional consolidation using the book value or revaluation method
• equity valuation using the book value or proportion of equity method
In addition to the individual financial statement data, the consolidation of investments also
requires the input of additional data in the financial reporting tables. The system uses this data to
recognize the different business transactions, such as first consolidation, subsequent
consolidation, increase in capitalization or change in indirect investment. The generation of
automatic consolidation entries is influenced by the transaction.
SAP provides predefined consolidation methods. The component also allows you to define your
own methods to accommodate your individual requirements.
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You only gain access to the automatic functions of the Consolidation of Investments when this
Since, in this case, no consolidation of investments methods are maintained in the Consolidation
system, Subgroup Maintenance does not provide an option for assigning methods to the
companies. When processing the other consolidation activities, the system uses the purchase
method.
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You can select the functions reclassification and bundling of consolidation activities in addition to
the consolidation functions discussed previously.
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This component enables reclassifications between balance sheet and/or income statement items.
You can post complete or partial reclassifications.
Reclassifications require reclassification rules. You can define these rules according to your
individual requirements.
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You only gain access to the automatic functions of Reclassifications when this component is
selected. Otherwise, the entries may have to be posted manually.
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You can execute consolidation activities in so-called "bundles". Consolidation activity groups
must be defined, to which the bundled activities are allocated. The consolidation activity groups
are then assigned to the subgroups.
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Select the component if you wish to use the bundling function.
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This component includes additional functions that enable you to automatically transfer the data
into a new fiscal year or into another version.
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Automatically carries forward the data into the new fiscal year. The data includes:
• the local values and the balances of the standardizing and consolidation entries for all
balance sheet items, of which the statistical items are optional, and – in certain cases
– for individual income statement items
• certain control tables
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It is recommended that the component always be selected for Consolidation.
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Enables you to copy company data. This can be helpful if you wish to test in a new version or if
you wish to copy a company to another ledger because it belongs to a subgroup which uses a
different group currency.
The following copying options are available:
• from one ledger to another ledger
• within one ledger, from one version to another version
• within one ledger and one version, to another year or another period in a year
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Select this component if you intend to use the copy function.
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PC data entry programs based on MS ACCESS 2.0 and dBase, and interfaces for transferring
data from non-SAP systems are available for the remote entry of individual financial statement
data of subsidiaries and its transfer into the Consolidation system
The component encompasses all settings necessary for remote data entry in the Consolidation
system.
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Select this component if your group includes companies which maintain their financial statement
data locally (decentralized) in PC applications or other non-SAP systems, and intend to transfer
the data to the Consolidation system using the interfaces provided.
When deciding which PC data entry program to use, MS ACCESS or dBase, you should weigh
their advantages and disadvantages. You should especially take the following into consideration:
• The MS ACCESS-based data entry program is a WINDOWS application, whereas the
dBase-based program runs under MS DOS.
• Your PC must be equipped with MS ACCESS 2.0 in order to run the MS ACCESS-
based data entry program.
• When using dBase-based data entry, the master data maintenance in the
Consolidation system is limited in regards to the assignment of keys for companies
and financial statement items.
• MS ACCESS-based data entry has the following advantages:
− An interface to MS EXCEL exists, which can be used to (a) automatically import
data from MS EXCEL into the data entry program and (b) transfer the data from
the data entry program into MS EXCEL for editing and reporting purposes.
− As of Release 3.0D the MS ACCESS-based data entry includes user-defined
additional fields for Consolidation.
− MS ACCESS-based data entry provides remote reporting capability.
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One option for locally entering individual financial statement data is to use a PC data entry
program with MS Access 2.0. Data for the subsidiary can be entered locally on a PC and
imported into the R/3 Consolidation system after validation.
This component allows you to define the relevant data entry forms and validations in the
Consolidation system, and to assign them to companies whose data will be entered
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The following technical requirements must be fulfilled by the company entering data:
• As hardware, a 486 processor with 8 MB of main memory is a minimum.
• The following software must be installed:
− MS Windows or MS Windows NT
− MS Access 2.0
− MS Excel 5.0 (if the interface is used)
If the group headquarters uses MS Access 2.0 with a runtime version then it may not be
necessary to install MS Access 2.0 in all the reporting companies.
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One option for locally entering individual financial statement data is to use a PC data entry
program with dBase. Data for the subsidiary can be entered locally on a PC and imported into
the R/3 Consolidation system after validation.
This component allows you to define the relevant data entry forms and validations in the
Consolidation system, and to assign them to companies whose data will be entered decentrally
using dBase.
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The only technical requirements for each company is a PC running under MS-DOS. The
installation of the dBase program is not required.
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A flexible interface, as well as a number of interfaces with pre-defined data formats are available
for transferring data from non-SAP systems. You would need to use them in the following cases:
• Where consolidation takes place at the parent company using the FI-LC system and
the subsidiaries use other systems. The necessary data sets from the subsidiaries
must be imported into the FI-LC system.
• Where old data is to be transferred once only into the FI-LC system from the
previously used Consolidation system.
This component encompasses the definition of the flexible interface according to the layout of the
transferred data, and the allocation of the interface to the corresponding companies.
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Select this component for Consolidation if you intend to transfer data from non-SAP systems.
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The Information System within Consolidation allows you to prepare the data in the Consolidation
system and to generate reports thereon.
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For your reference, you can display and print Consolidation-related master data, financial
reporting data and control parameters. Numerous print programs are available.
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It is recommended that this component always be selected for Consolidation.
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As part of the creation of consolidated financial statements, value adjustments must be made to
the individual financial statement data using posting documents. Posting documents are created
for adjustment entries, company-pair elimination entries and subgroup-dependent entries.
You can print journal entry reports to evaluate these entries using sort sequences and
summarizations of your own choice.
The user can interactively modify the layout of the journal entry report. A number of standard
settings are delivered and available. Furthermore, you can define additional reports to
accommodate your specific requirements.
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Because of the multitude of variants, one of the most complex tasks in the Consolidation system
is the preparation and presentation of the group and company data. You can generate reports
for various purposes and audiences.
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The reporting functionality of the FI Consolidation application includes the preparation and
presentation of group and company data. You can generate reports with totals record data for
various purposes and audiences.
Pre-defined totals reports are available. Furthermore, this component enables the user to define
custom reports according to user-specific requirements.
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It is recommended that this component always be selected for Consolidation so that at least the
standard reports may be used.
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The Report Writer and the Report Painter can be used to generate reports with Consolidation
data and data of other SAP applications.
You can create reports that meet the specific requirements for reporting.
The functions of the Report Painter are similar to that of the Report Writer. Most of the Report
Writer functionality has been implemented in the Report Painter. However, in order to operate
the Report Painter, you no longer need to learn the Report Writer concepts, such as sets.
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You should select this component if you require additional reports that exceed the functionality of
the totals reports in Consolidation. Both the Report Writer and Report Painter allow you to create
any type of report, accessing all of the fields in the database. For instance, you can report on
document types and additional fields, which is not possible in the totals reports.
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An screen-based, user-interactive querying program which accesses reporting data. The query’s
initial screen usually accesses global information. From there, the user can interactively request
more detailed information.
The advantage of interactive group reports, as opposed to printed reports, is that they focus on
querying of information. Conventional lists can be voluminous, and therefore confusing,
depending on how detailed the FS chart of accounts is and how company ownership is broken
down.
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Is a part of the integration of the R/3 application Consolidation with Microsoft Office products.
Interactive Excel offers you the capability of enhancing your corporate reporting.
Interactive Excel allows you to directly read Consolidation data from the R/3 system while using
MS Excel. You can then use the spreadsheet functions of MS Excel to further process the data.
This gives you additional capabilities for calculating, formatting and printing your data. As
opposed to downloading the data and using the XXL list viewer, with Interactive Excel you need
to format the reports only once. When Consolidation data changes in the R/3 system, your Excel
tables are automatically updated.
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Prerequisites for using Interactive Excel is a PC with MS Excel 5.0 and access to the R/3 system.
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You can create extract files with Consolidation data and forward these to other systems.
Particularly, you can forward data to another corporate group as a part of Step Consolidation, or
to the Executive Information System, SAP-EIS.
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In Step Consolidation, it is necessary to forward the consolidated subgroup data to higher-level
subgroups. This is accomplished with data extract files.
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Select this component for Consolidation if you intend to forward the data.
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In order to supplement the reporting in the application EC (Enterprise Controlling), you can
transfer Consolidation data to the Executive Information System SAP-EIS. The data is then
evaluated using EIS-specific reports.
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Select this component for Consolidation if you intend to forward the data to SAP-EIS.
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Subledger accounting that represents the business transactions with vendors.
Accounts payable accounting records and manages the accounting data for all vendors. It is also
an integral component of the purchasing system; deliveries and invoices are recorded for each
vendor. The system automatically posts data in response to these operating transactions.
Furthermore, the Cash Management component is supplied with values from these invoices in
order to optimize liquidity planning.
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These components enable you to choose the basic functions required for accounts receivable
accounting.
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Business transactions are posted to accounts and managed using those accounts. You must
create a master record for each account that you require. The master record contains
information controlling how business transactions are entered and processed in an account.
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The financial calendar provides you with an overview of all the accounting tasks that are planned
in the system, such as dunning and payment runs, automatic and manual closing operations or
reports to be run. Linked with the SAP Workflow component, you can also document the tasks
that need to be completed, along with the date on which they must be completed, and then
allocate and forward them to certain users in the system.
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If, when implementing this component, you want to be able to have several employees share the
function to monitor the schedules of an area, you must select the component for the HR
organizational elements as well.
To have the option of distributing individual tasks, that must be completed by a specified
deadline, to certain employees, you have to implement both SAP Workflow and the HR
organizational elements.
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You can use invoice parking to enter and store (park) incomplete documents in the SAP system
without carrying out extensive entry checks. Parked invoices can be completed, checked and
then posted at a later date - even by a different data entry clerk.
The advantage of parking documents is that you can evaluate the data in the documents online
for reporting purposes from the moment they are parked rather than having to wait until they
have been completed and posted. In this way, for example, you can use amounts from parked
invoices for the advance return for tax on sales and purchases. Similarly, by using payment
requests, parked invoices can be paid on time and with full cash discount.
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Implement this component if you want to be able to enter invoices with unresolved account
assignments into the SAP system.
If a special release approval should be made for documents in document parking before they are
posted, you will have to define this procedure in the workflow for Financial Accounting. You will
then also have to implement SAP Workflow and the HR organizational elements.
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An invoice is a notice sent to the buyer of goods or services that contains the following
information:
• the name of the goods or services
• the quantity sent, and
• the remuneration due.
A credit memo is a posting that decreases the balance of receivables or payables without
payment for a specific value and reason.
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In the “release for payment” component, you can block the payment of line items in a posting
document long enough to have the items successfully complete a payment release procedure
and receive approval for payment.
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To implement payment release, you must also choose the components for SAP Workflow and
the HR organizational elements. In both components and in Financial Accounting, you will have
to make settings for the payment release procedure.
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0DQXDO3D\PHQWV
0DQXDO3D\PHQWV
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In contrast to the payment program, which automatically makes all payments in one payment run,
this component enables users to process each payment manually.
Settings must be made for the tolerance groups and for open item processing.
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Payment for goods or services not yet produced or rendered. Down payments are shown
separately from other receivables and payables on the balance sheet. A distinction is made
between down payments made (displayed under fixed and current assets) and down payments
received (displayed under payables).
In the FI system, you post down payments as special G/L transactions. When you post a down
payment to a customer account, the system posts the down payment to a reconciliation account
other than the standard reconciliation account.
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Promise to pay in the form of an abstract payment paper.
Bills of exchange are treated as special G/L transactions in the FI System. They are managed in
the subledger separately from other transactions and are posted automatically to special
reconciliation accounts in the general ledger. As a result, you can display an overview of bill
receivables and bill payables at any time. Generally speaking, you do not need to transfer any
special G/L postings when you prepare the balance sheet.
The following bill of exchange types can be posted in the FI System:
• bills of exchange receivable
• bills of exchange payable
• incoming and outgoing checks/bills of exchange
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
This component allows you to, for example,
• keep an automatic bill of exchange list
• generate a bill of exchange charges statement for the customer automatically, and
• use automatic form printing for discounting bills of exchange.
You should only select this component if you have to process more than five incoming bills of
exchange per month.
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3D\PHQW7UDQVDFWLRQV
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The processing of outgoing and incoming payments of an organization.
In this section, you choose the functions for the automatic payment program. The payment
program is designed so that both outgoing and incoming payments can be processed. These
functions are supported in the same way for both vendors and customers. All the usual payment
methods are set up in the standard system or can be set up within customizing.
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A defined procedure specifying how customers or vendors are dunned. The number of dunning
levels, the dunning frequency and the text for the dunning notices are specified for each
procedure.
Dunning is carried out automatically using the dunning program. The program determines the
accounts and items to be dunned, the dunning level of the account, and the dunning notice
based on the dunning level. You print the dunning notices using the print program. The dunning
data determined is saved in the items and in the accounts.
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Selecting and activating open items are a part of processing open items. This is the last step
made before a clearing document is posted. When clearing documents are posted, the system
checks the tolerances set up for acceptable payment differences. Depending on the
configuration of your system, it will post minor differences between the debit and credit items to
an account for unearned deductions.
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&RUUHVSRQGHQFH
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A company’s printed correspondence with vendors.
It includes all evaluations that are sent to vendors by post.
• balance confirmations
• account statements and open item lists in letter format
• individual and form letters
• documents
• internal evaluations
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Interest on accounts payable can be determined by either calculating interest on the balance or
calculating interest on the arrears.
Interest calculation is controlled by the following specifications:
• Data entered in the master record of the account, such as the interest indicator to be
used and information for determining the calculation period for the account.
• Settings made under the interest indicator, for example, interest rates.
• Options set at the time of interest calculation, including selection criteria, for example,
which limit the number of accounts included in the interest calculation.
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Preparation and execution of all procedures that are necessary for:
• day-end closing
• month-end closing
• year-end closing
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The following special functions are also available in accounts payable accounting.
• External documents
• EDI
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You need these components if you want to use either external documents or EDI.
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This process allows accounting departments to enter and process documents for an external
SAP installation, and to store them in an operating system file. This file is then transported to
external systems (via E-mail or diskette) where it is imported to the appropriate database.
After processing and viewing a document, it can be selected and posted in an external system
using a batch input session.
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You only need these components if you exchange documents with external SAP systems and
post using batch input.
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In EDI, users can transmit standardized data electronically and further process it automatically.
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To use this component, you have to select the SAP EDI component. You need this component
only if you want to interchange data with other systems via EDI and have it automatically
processed in your system.
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With the accounts payable information system, you can perform analyses on specific business
aspects at any time and as often as you require. These analyses include, among other things,
evaluations of the currency exposure with vendors or the maturity structure with vendors.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
Select this component if you require other evaluations for the decision-making process, in
addition to the standard, legally required evaluations for accounts payable.
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Subledger accounting that represents the business transactions with customers.
All postings in Accounts Receivable are also recorded directly in the General Ledger. The
system will post to different G/L accounts depending on the transaction involved (for example,
receivables, down payments, bills of exchange). The system provides a range of tools which you
can use to monitor open items; for example, account analyses, alarm reports, due date lists and
a flexible dunning program. The printed material linked to these components can be individually
formulated by you to suit your requirements. This includes payment notices, balance
confirmations, account statements and interest settlements.
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Functions for processing manual payments, for tolerance groups and for open item processing.
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All business transactions are posted to accounts and are managed using those accounts. You
must create a master record for each account that you require. The master record information
controls how business transactions are entered and processed in an account.
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The “Financial Calendar” provides an overview of scheduled, periodic jobs in the system such as
dunning runs, payment runs and reports. You can also send, in text form, entered tasks for a
specific completion date to specific users in the system, in conjunction with Workflow
components.
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If you want to implement these components, you have to select the SAP Workflow and HR
Organizational Elements components. You then have to make settings in both of these
components as well as in Financial Accounting, which allow entry and tracing of manual tasks in
the Financial Calendar.
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'HILQLWLRQ
An invoice is a notice sent to the buyer of goods or services that contains the following
information:
• the name of the goods or services
• the quantity sent, and
• the remuneration due.
A credit memo is a posting that decreases the balance of receivables or payables without
payment for a specific value and reason.
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0DQXDO3D\PHQWV
0DQXDO3D\PHQWV
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In contrast to the payment program, which automatically makes all payments in one payment run,
this component enables users to process each payment manually.
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This “Basic Functions” component enables the user to select the main functions for working with
special purpose ledgers.
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You must select this component in order to define the basic FI-SL data structures and to work in
the Special Purpose Ledger system.
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Payment advice notes provide the payee with information on the current open items and on any
changes made to them. The standard system offers the following types of payment advice notes:
• payment advice from the lockbox
• payment advice from the bank statement
• payment advice that is created during a manual clearing procedure
• payment advice that is manually entered
• payment advice from a self-billing document
• payment advice from the customer (EDI)
These payment advice notes are fixed in the system. That is, you are not able to add other types
of payment advice notes.
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'RZQ3D\PHQWV
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Payment for goods/services not yet produced. Down payments are shown separately from other
receivables and payables on the balance sheet. A distinction is made between down payments
made (displayed under fixed and current assets) and down payments received (displayed under
payables).
You must report vendor down payments separately on the balance sheet as an asset. In the FI
system, you post down payments as special G/L transactions. When you post a down payment to
a vendor account, the system posts the down payment to a reconciliation account other than the
standard reconciliation account.
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%LOORI([FKDQJH
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Promise to pay in the form of an abstract payment paper.
Bills of exchange are treated as special G/L transactions in the FI System. They are managed in
the subledger separately from other transactions and are posted automatically to special
reconciliation accounts in the general ledger. As a result, you can display an overview of bill
receivables and bill payables at any time. Generally speaking, you do not need to transfer any
special G/L postings when you prepare the balance sheet.
The following bill of exchange types can be posted in the FI System:
• bills of exchange receivable
• bills of exchange payable
• incoming and outgoing checks/bills of exchange
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3D\PHQW7UDQVDFWLRQV
3D\PHQW7UDQVDFWLRQV
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The processing of the outgoing and incoming payments of an organization.
In this section, you choose the functions for the automatic payment program. The payment
program is designed so that both outgoing and incoming payments can be processed. These
functions are supported in the same way for both vendors and customers. All the usual payment
methods are set up in the standard system or can be set up within customizing.
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'XQQLQJ
'XQQLQJ
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A defined procedure specifying how customers or vendors are dunned. The number of dunning
levels, the dunning frequency and the text for the dunning notices are specified for each
procedure.
Dunning is carried out automatically using the dunning program. The program determines the
subledger accounts and open items to be dunned, the dunning level of the account, and the
appropriate dunning notice based on the dunning level. You print the dunning notices using the
print program. The dunning data determined by the program is saved in the items and accounts.
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2SHQ,WHP0DQDJHPHQW
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Selecting and activating open items are a necessary part of processing open items. This is the
last step made before a clearing document is posted. When clearing documents are posted, the
system checks the tolerances set up for acceptable payment differences. Depending on the
configuration of your system, it will post minor differences between the debit and credit items to
an account for unearned deductions.
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&RUUHVSRQGHQFH
&RUUHVSRQGHQFH
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A company’s printed correspondence with customers.
It includes all evaluations that are sent to customers by post.
• payment confirmations
• account statements and open item lists in letter format
• individual and form letters
• balance confirmations
• documents
• settlements of fees for bills of exchange
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You can calculate interest for G/L accounts managed with line item display using the account
balance interest calculation procedure. This procedure can be used, for example, if you want to
retroactively post an interest settlement from the bank into the accounting system.
When calculating interest for G/L accounts, a sorted list is created. The interest calculation run
can also be logged.
The following specifications control interest calculation:
• Data from the account master records. This includes, for example, the interest
indicator to be used, and data for determining account-specific interest calculation
periods.
• Definitions made in regard to the interest indicator to be used including such specs as
interest rates.
• Specifications made for interest calculation. These include the fact that account
balance as well as item interest calculation are possible.
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The preparation and execution of all procedures required in conjunction with the individual
financial closing process. These will affect the:
• day-end closing,
• month-end closing and
• year-end closing.
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6SHFLDO)XQFWLRQV
6SHFLDO)XQFWLRQV
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The following special functions are also available in accounts receivable accounting.
• External documents
• Invoice parking
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You need these components if you want to use either external documents or invoice parking.
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([WHUQDO'RFXPHQWV
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This procedure enables the accounting department to create documents for an external SAP
installation, to process these documents further, and to store them in an operating system file.
This file is transported to the external system via e-mail or disk, where it is imported into the
proper database.
After examining and, if necessary, further processing these documents, users can select them
and then post them using an internal batch input mode in the external system.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
You only need this component if you interchange documents with external SAP installations and
post them via batch input.
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With the FI system you can set a credit limit for each customer. This limit is checked in the
accounting and sales departments every time a posting is made to that customer account. If the
amount being posted exceeds this limit, the system issues a warning. You can obtain information
on the customer’s credit control limit etc. at any time by using the evaluations in the system.
You can set credit limits for a customer in either a single credit control area or in several. A credit
control area consists of one or more company codes.
When you post a customer invoice with the FI Financial Accounting application, the system
increases the following amounts (depending on the business transaction involved): the overall
receivables, receivables from sales and the special G/L transactions total. When you clear an
invoice item (after the incoming payment has been made), the system reduces the above figures
by the same amount.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
You must select this component if you want to have the system check the credit limit for you
customers. To use this component in Sales as well, you also have to select the credit
management component in that area. To make multiple credit limit checks, you must select the
SAP Workflow component.
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With the accounts receivable information system, you can perform analyses on specific business
aspects at any time and as often as you require. These analyses include, among other things,
evaluations of the customer payment history or cash discount history.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
Select this component if you want to use other evaluations for the decision-making process
besides the standard, legally required evaluations for accounts receivable.
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The “Asset Accounting” component makes it possible to
• manage and update values for all fixed assets, and to
• monitor the accounting procedures affecting fixed assets
The “Treasury” component is available for financial assets.
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Choose this component, if you want detailed management of your fixed assets in a separate
subsidiary ledger.
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These components enable you to choose the basic functions required for accounts payable
accounting.
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The component “asset maintenance” enables you to enter the master data for your fixed assets
in the form of individual assets. An asset, as defined here, is a part of the asset portfolio of the
enterprise and can be identified at a closing key date as an individual economic good in the long-
term service of the enterprise.
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This component is an integral part of the component “Asset Accounting.”
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The component “basic valuation functions” provides the functionality for determining the value of
all fixed assets at a given point in time according to legal regulations, and in addition, based on
rules you define yourself.
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The component “depreciation areas” makes it possible to calculate parallel values for an asset for
different purposes (for example, book depreciation, cost accounting depreciation, and so on).
You can manage all necessary depreciation terms and values for each asset at the level of the
depreciation area. Since the system allows you to define an almost unlimited number of
depreciation areas, the number of parallel valuations is also unlimited. You can post the asset
balance sheet values and the depreciation values of the individual depreciation areas to their
own accounts in Financial Accounting.
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This component is an integral part of the component “Asset Accounting,” since at least one
depreciation area is required for legally stipulated depreciation.
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The component “derived depreciation areas” provides for the valuation of fixed assets on the
basis of relationships between existing values established by mathematical formulas (such as,
the difference between two areas). The system manages the values calculated in this way in a
derived depreciation area.
Derived depreciation areas are treated the same as “real” areas in reports and in their value field
display. You can also post the values of derived depreciation areas to Financial Accounting.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
Choose this component, if you need derived depreciation areas for evaluations or for the balance
sheet. You can use derived depreciation areas, for example, for
• special reserves as the difference between book depreciation and tax depreciation
• the difference between different types of tax depreciation
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Using the component “calculation of interest,” you can calculate the imputed interest on each
fixed asset, showing the interest lost on capital tied up in assets.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
Choose this component if you post imputed interest, and may also want account assignment of
this interest to cost centers.
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Using the component “period control” the system determines the start of depreciation calculation
when an asset is acquired, or the end of depreciation when the asset is being retired.
Particularly for acquisitions, there are specific regulations in many countries regarding the
determination of the date when depreciation becomes effective (asset value date) based on the
acquisition or retirement posting. SAP provides the most common rules, such as pro rata or the
first year convention. You can define your own user-specific rules.
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The component “group assets” makes it possible to group together a number of fixed assets in a
depreciation area for the purpose of common, summarized calculation of depreciation.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
It may be useful to calculate depreciation at the group asset level for a number of assets for the
following reasons:
• In order to follow tax regulations (such as ADR in the US), depreciation has to be
calculated at a level higher than that of the fixed asset (such as, all assets in a class
and vintage year).
• From a Controlling perspective, it is sometimes useful to use a group of related assets
(such as a production line) for cost accounting analysis, rather than the individual
asset used for bookkeeping.
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The component “valuation methods” allows you to define your own methods for calculating asset
values. These methods are not hard-coded in the system. Instead they are based on a flexible
system of keys. In this way, it is possible to represent your own depreciation needs using
appropriately defined calculation keys and control parameters.
The calculation keys and parameters for the most common depreciation methods are pre-defined
in the system.
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The component “fiscal year specifications” makes it possible to define the FI fiscal year with
different periods for calculating depreciation in Asset Accounting.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
Choose this component
• when you do not want your depreciation periods to be identical with the posting
periods in the general ledger
• when you are using or have used a shortened fiscal year
• when you work with half periods, or
• when depreciation posting should not be distributed evenly to the periods in the fiscal
year (but instead according to the 4-4-5 rule, for example)
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Using the component “alternative fiscal year variants,” it is possible to use a fiscal year version in
Asset Accounting that is different from Financial Accounting. However, it is still essential that the
start and end date of the fiscal year versions are the same in the FI general ledger and in the FI-
AA subsidiary ledger.
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A different fiscal year version may be necessary, primarily for the exact determination of the
depreciation start and end using the period controls of Asset Accounting. The reason is that
depreciation calculation only works with full periods. For example, you want to calculate a half
year’s depreciation for acquisitions after June 30, and the FI general ledger uses 13 ordinary
periods. Then depreciation would have to be calculated for 6.5 periods. However, this type of
period definition is not possible in the period control of Asset Accounting. Therefore, you need to
use a different fiscal year version in Asset Accounting, with 12 normal periods instead of the 13 in
FI.
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6KRUWHQHG)LVFDO<HDU
6KRUWHQHG)LVFDO<HDU
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The component “shortened fiscal year” enables you to reflect shortened fiscal years, and the
subsequently changed depreciation, in Asset Accounting. A shortened fiscal year results when
the end of the previous fiscal year is changed. The shortened fiscal year covers the time period
between the end of the last fiscal year according to the old format, and the beginning of the first
fiscal year according to the new format.
You can specify in which areas depreciation should be proportionally reduced for the shortened
fiscal year.
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Choose this component if you are currently using a shortened fiscal year; or if you used a
shortened fiscal year in the past, and want the R/3 System to re-determine depreciation in
conjunction with the takeover of data from your previous system.
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Using the component “half-months,” you can double the number of periods for Asset Accounting,
if the basic number of depreciation periods is 12. When you enter the calendar date on which the
second half of the period begins (such as the 16th of the month), depreciation calculation can
begin and end in the middle of a period.
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Choose this component if you want to use half-periods in Asset Accounting.
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3HULRG:HLJKWLQJ5XOH
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“Period weighting” enables you to enter a relative weight for the periods in a fiscal year version.
You can then distribute the planned annual depreciation in different amounts to the individual
posting periods. It is possible to distribute depreciation, for example, according to the number of
days or weeks per period (for the 4-4-5 rule).
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Choose this component if you do not want to post planned annual depreciation equally to the
individual periods in your fiscal year.
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The component “depreciation” allows you to manage the following types of depreciation in the
system:
• ordinary depreciation
• special depreciation
• unplanned depreciation
• transfer of reserves/reductions to APC
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The component “ordinary depreciation” makes possible the planned depreciation of your fixed
assets using defined depreciation methods.
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Choose this component if you want to manage ordinary depreciation in your system.
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The component “Special depreciation” enables you to use depreciation based on tax regulations
in addition to ordinary depreciation.
In general, this form of depreciation allows you to depreciate a percentage of the APC within a
tax concession period, without considering the actual wear and tear on the fixed asset. Tax
depreciation generally exceeds the usual book depreciation.
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Choose this component if you want to manage special depreciation in your system.
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The component “unplanned depreciation” enables you to make an unplanned value adjustment
based on a foreseeable permanent reduction in the value of an asset.
Ordinary depreciation reflects wear and tear due to the normal use of the asset. Unusual
circumstances, such as damage causing a permanent reduction in value, are reflected using
manual, unplanned depreciation.
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Choose this component if you want to manage unplanned depreciation in your system.
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7UDQVIHUUHG5HVHUYHV
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The component “transferred reserves” allows you to transfer undisclosed reserves, which
resulted from gain on the sale of assets, to replacement assets. The gain on the sales reduces
the depreciation base of the newly acquired asset, or is shown as a special depreciation reserve
on the liabilities side.
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Choose this component if you want to manage transferred reserves in your system.
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This component enables you to manually forecast ordinary and special depreciation, in case it is
necessary to enter separate depreciation amounts. This component enhances the functions of
the component for “unplanned depreciation.” It provides for making manual value corrections for
the otherwise automatically calculated depreciation types “ordinary depreciation” and “special
depreciation.”
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Choose this component if you want to use manual depreciation in your system.
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The component “unit-of-production depreciation” allows you to calculate depreciation based on
units of production. For unit-of-production depreciation, monthly depreciation amounts are
calculated from the ratio of the actual number of units produced in the period to the total number
of units for the asset. This depreciation method takes operating variations account.
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Choose this component if you want to manage unit-of-production depreciation in your system.
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The component “Transactions” allows you to carry out posting transactions during the life of a
fixed asset in an enterprise.
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The component “acquisitions” makes it possible to
• post acquisitions from suppliers while updating the appropriate general ledger
accounts, integrated with the vendor posting
• post acquisitions from suppliers in conjunction with the ordering process in “Materials
Management”
• capitalize your in-house production costs
• carry out a check for the maximum amount for low value assets during the acquisition
posting
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The component “down payments” allows you to capitalize down payments made to assets under
construction, and to clear them with the closing invoice.
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Choose this component if you want to manage assets and down payments made for them in
Asset Accounting.
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5HWLUHPHQWV
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The component “retirements” enables you to
• post the sale and scrapping of assets, while updating the general ledger accounts.
Posting of asset sales can be integrated with the customer posting
• carry out mass retirements
• specify the treatment of gain/loss from asset sales according to given bookkeeping
methods
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The component “transfers” allows for gross transfer (with historical APC and value adjustments)
of the values of existing assets to other assets. These transfers can be within a company code,
as well as across company codes.
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Using the component “line item settlement of asset under construction” you can collect costs on
an asset under construction and settle each line item to different receivers. You can collect costs
on an asset under construction as a technical measure, without considering the later creation of
assets. The individual acquisitions can be managed as open items over the course of several
fiscal years. They can be settled to various receivers when the asset under construction is
completed.
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Choose this component if you want your assets under construction to be managed as collective
assets with open item management.
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The component “manual value corrections” enables you to post write-ups and post-capitalization.
You can post gross post-capitalization to a separate master record with a separate depreciation
start date.
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The component “posting depreciation to the general ledger” makes it possible to post
depreciation amounts calculated in Asset Accounting to the corresponding balance sheet
accounts and profit and loss accounts in Financial Accounting.
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Using the component “validation” you can create your own checks for asset posting, in addition to
the standard checks. When you enter a validation rule, it consists primarily of the following parts:
• condition, which determines when the check should be carried out (for example, if the
asset class is for low value assets)
• validation rule, which cannot be violated (for example, the depreciation key must be
GWG1 or GWG2)
• number of the error message, which should be output if the validation rule is violated
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
Choose this component if you want to define additional checks for posting of given business
transactions.
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The component “closing operations” allows you to
• carry out a fiscal year change at the start of a new fiscal year. This opens the new
year for asset posting.
• close the old fiscal year and block it to further posting
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6SHFLILF9DOXDWLRQV
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The component “special valuations” allows you to calculate asset values for special purposes
(such as, insurance contracts).
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The component “special reserves for special depreciation” enables you to identify the difference
between valuation for tax depreciation and book depreciation in a derived depreciation area. You
can use the values from this derived depreciation area to create a special reserve for the balance
sheet.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
• if you have special tax depreciation and
• you want to show book depreciation on the assets side of the balance sheet, while
showing special tax depreciation as special reserves on the liabilities side of the
balance sheet (or in an appendix to the balance sheet)
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The component “indexed replacement values” enables you to calculate replacement values for all
fixed assets, and to depreciate them based on these replacement values. The replacement
values are determined using index series.
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Choose this component if
• you want to use depreciation from the replacement value in your cost accounting (for
example, as a basis for calculating prices)
• you want to determine or post the revaluation of assets resulting from the indexing
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+DQGOLQJRI,QIODWLRQ
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The component “handling of inflation” makes it possible to carry out upward revaluation for the
balance sheet. This procedure reflects regulations in certain countries which require one-time
revaluation of all fixed assets in order to compensate for inflation.
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Choose this component if the tax laws in your country require you to revalue all assets at given
intervals.
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,QYHVWPHQW6XSSRUW
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The component “investment support” is concerned with the handling of government subsidies for
particular fixed asset investments. The subsidy can be treated as a reduction of the acquisition
value of the asset, or as a value adjustment on the liabilities side. You can show the amount of
the support separately from the actual acquisition and production costs of the asset.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
• you receive investment subsidies and
• you do QRW have to treat the subsidies as revenue. Investment support measures that
are relevant to revenue can be handled directly in the general ledger. They do not
have to shown in Asset Accounting.
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The component “net worth tax” makes it possible to calculate asset values in relation to net worth
tax requirements. These values can be used when determining the amount of net worth tax.
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Choose this component if you are required to report net worth tax in your country, and this
requires a separate depreciation area.
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The “insurance” component allows you to manage insurance master data and insurance values.
You can manage the current insurance values in the asset master record, or in a separate
depreciation area. You can also increase or decrease the insurable value using index series.
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Choose this component if you need separate valuation of assets for insurance in a separate
depreciation area.
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/HDVLQJ3URFHVVLQJ
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The “leasing processing” component is for capitalizing leased assets using the capital lease
procedure. The system uses the present value of future lease payments as the acquisition value.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
• if you have leased assets, and
• you have to capitalize these assets due to tax regulations in your country
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The component “preparations for consolidation” is for preparing for legal consolidation of assets
on the basis of Asset Accounting data.
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• if your firm belongs to a corporate group required to carry out legal consolidation, and
• the corporate group requires data prepared in Asset Accounting for this consolidation
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The component “historical group currency” makes it possible to manage depreciation in any
currency (such as, group currency) in Asset Accounting. These currencies may be needed for
consolidation or reporting requirements. In this way, you can have decentralized, historical
currency conversion.
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Choose this component if you want to manage values in Asset Accounting in foreign currencies,
using historical rates of exchange.
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The “parallel group valuation” component makes it possible not only to determine amounts in
foreign currencies for group consolidation, but also to use bases for valuation (APC/depreciation
terms) that are different from the local valuation.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
• you have to provide Asset Accounting data for group consolidation, and
• your local requirements for valuation differ from those of the corporate group
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,QWHUFRPSDQ\3URILW/RVVGXHWR$VVHW7UDQVIHU
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The “intercompany profit/loss due to asset transfer” component allows you to represent asset
transfers (between subgroups) from the point of view of the corporate group. For this purpose, it
is possible to
• represent the business transaction from the viewpoint of the subgroups as an
acquisition or retirement, but as a transfer from the viewpoint of the corporate group
• eliminate the gain/loss on the part of the selling subgroup from the viewpoint of the
corporate group
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
• if you have to provide data from Asset Accounting for the group consolidation
• you need to record asset transfers between subgroups
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The component “Information system” contains a series of standard reports, along with functions
for modifying the Asset Accounting information system to your individual requirements.
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The “standard reports” component contains a series of standard reports on fixed assets, which
can be adapted to your individual needs.
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The component “user-specific report selection” is for representing the information system of
Asset Accounting in the form of the report selection tree. The report selection tree is a freely-
definable hierarchical structure. The nodes of this tree are used to call up reports. Each user
can create his own user-specific report tree, containing only those reports the user can execute.
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The component “report links” makes it possible to jump to a different report from a report you are
in. The system starts the second report using the same selection options used in the initial
report. When you started the second report on a totals line, you can break down the total in the
newly displayed report. For example, you can create the individual transaction list for an item in
the asset history sheet.
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Choose this component if you want to change the standard reports. This is particularly important
if you want integrate your own reports in the report links in the Asset Accounting information
system.
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The “user-specific asset history sheet version” allows you to freely define the lines and columns
of any number of asset history sheet versions. In addition, you can determine which asset
transactions are shown in which asset history sheet items.
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“Conversion methods for the Info system” make it possible to show asset values in standard
reports in any foreign currency. The conversion takes place using a conversion method that can
be defined. The most important parameter in this calculation method is the point in time (for
example, the capitalization date or key date), which is used for determining the currency
exchange rate.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
• you want to create asset reports in a foreign currency, and
• there is no depreciation area available for this purpose
-XQH
6SHFLDO3XUSRVH/HGJHU
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The Special Purpose Ledger system (FI-SL) is designed as a tool to extend and enhance the
functionality offered in other SAP applications (such as General Ledger Accounting, Cost Center
Accounting, and Profit Center Accounting) without the user having to make modifications to the
standard system.
The Special Purpose Ledger system, provides the user with an evaluation system which allows
company-specific extensions to the traditional account assignment concept. Combining
dimensions from different applications at various levels of detail enables company-specific totals
to be formed for sales analyses or group reporting. These totals can be evaluated quickly and
flexibly. A dimension represents specific criterion in a business process.
The FI-SL system is a receiver system for entering and deriving data from other SAP applications
can be entered and derived. It is not a sender system for other SAP applications.
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If you select this component, you can define your own account assignments, periods and
currencies to create a variety of company-specific reports and analyses. For example, you can
define non-standard account assignments for your reporting needs and include them in your
special purpose ledgers.
The functions available in the FI-SL system enable you to collect, combine, summarize, modify
and allocate actual and plan data that is transferred to the FI-SL system from other SAP
applications and external systems.
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The following master data is used in the Special Purpose Ledger system:
• Tables
• Ledgers
• Customer-defined characteristics
• Sets
• Integrated master data
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You must select this component in order to work with the Special Purpose Ledger system, since
the basic FI-SL data structures are created here. Before you set up your FI-SL system and
define your master data, you must determine which reports you want to create using the FI-SL
system. It is very important that you take the time to thoroughly plan the data structures you
require. A carefully planned design leads to efficient running of your productive system and
improves system performance.
In general, it makes sense to select this component only in combination with the components
“Table Definition and Installation” and “Integration Interface”.
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7DEOHV
7DEOHV
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Structures for arranging data in table form. The Special Purpose Ledger system uses the
following types of database tables:
2EMHFWWDEOHV (for account assignment characteristics and transaction attributes)
Object tables enable the user to create tables with more than 16 user-defined dimensions.
In the object table for account assignment characteristics, the variable dimensions can be used
as object dimensions (receiver) and/or partner dimensions (sender).
6XPPDU\WDEOHV
The business transactions entered in the FI-SL system are updated as totals in the summary
tables.
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The document lines of the business transactions entered in the FI-SL system and the planning
changes made are stored as line items in the actual and plan line item tables.
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You must select this component to define your own data structures that form the basis for
working with the FI-SL system. At this level, you determine how and to what extent the data you
require is to be accumulated and output.
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A ledger is based on any combination of the elements in the coding block. Totals as well as
other figures are stored in a ledger for reporting purposes. Special purpose ledgers are defined
according to specific business and organizational requirements. They contain the dimensions
specified by the user.
When creating a special purpose ledger, the following criteria may be used:
• Time (years, quarters, months, weeks, days)
• Dimensions or combinations of dimensions
• Control parameters (local ledger, global ledger)
• Currency (transactions currency, second currency, third currency)
• Quantities and/or additional quantities
Via integration interfaces, all special purpose ledgers can use functions such as planning,
allocation, rollups, currency translation, balance carry forward and data transfer, in addition to the
activity-oriented validation, derivation, and accumulation of data. Data can be posted to special
purpose ledgers from other SAP applications, external systems as well as by direct entry into the
Special Purpose Ledger system.
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You have to select this component if you have created and installed your FI-SL database tables
and you want to define your special purpose ledgers. Each FI-SL database table is divided into
individual logical units (special purpose ledgers).
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Structure in which specific values or value intervals are summarized under a set ID. These
values refer to one or more dimensions in a database table. A dimension represents a specific
criterion in a business process. Sets are used throughout the entire Special Purpose Ledger (FI-
SL) system.
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You have to select this component if you want to work with the following modules in the Special
Purpose Ledger system:
• Planning
• Allocation (assessment/distribution)
• Rollups
• Currency translation
• Reporting
• Boolean logic rules
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All master data created for FI-SL dimensions and other SAP applications. Master data whose
dimensions are affected by direct posting and other FI-SL functions must be validated. When
data is transferred to the special purpose ledgers, a comprehensive check takes place in the
source system to ensure that the data is consistent in all systems. The master data parameters
of the sender systems are used in the special purpose ledgers to extend the account
assignments (cost center, article, and so on).
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
Master data validation is only used in FI-SL internal activities (for example, when entering data
directly in FI-SL, in planning, in assessment/distribution, during currency translation and for texts
in reporting).
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Defining FI-SL database tables involves determining which dimensions are to be included in the
tables. It must also be determined how or to what extent the data is to be collected and output.
To ensure that the database tables can be updated with data from the FI-SL programs, the tables
must be activated and installed after they have been defined.
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You must select this component to ensure that your database tables can be used as FI-SL tables
in the Special Purpose Ledger system. You should usually select this component in combination
with the component “Master Data”.
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This component enables data to be entered directly into the Special Purpose Ledger system.
The majority of the data intended for the special purpose ledgers is usually posted from other
SAP systems (FI, CO, SD,...). It may be necessary, however, to enter data directly into the FI-SL
system. This normally takes place for one of the following cases:
• Adjustment postings and standardizing entries
• External data transfer via batch input
• Posting documents whose balance does not equal zero
• Entering statistical information, which for example, is only relevant to quantities
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Process of entering and saving planning values in the Special Purpose Ledger system. If the
special purpose ledgers are to be used as controlling instruments, appropriate planning values
are required in addition to the accumulated actual data for the actual /plan comparison.
Planning data entered for this purpose can be used for plan reports, forecasting and budgeting.
Planning data can also be used for other functions in the FI-SL system.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
When planning, you use sets to define the plan structures of the business criteria for which you
can enter planning values. Therefore, you only have to select this component in combination
with the component “Sets”.
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Business activity used to allocate quantities and amounts (actual and plan values) from one
sender object to one or more receiver objects. The assessment process posts the sender
amounts to an assessment account. The system then allocates the amounts from the
assessment account to the receiver(s), but does not allocate directly from the original sender
account.
The quality of company-specific evaluations can be significantly improved through the flexible
assessment of values.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
In assessment, you not only work with values and value intervals, but also with sets in order to
allocate data from a sender to a receiver. You should therefore select this component in
combination with the component “Sets”.
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Business activity used to allocate quantities and amounts (actual and plan values) from one
sender object to one or more receiver object(s). The distribution process distributes the
balance(s) from the original sender(s) to the receivers. The original sender account is credited
and the original receiver account is debited with the allocation.
The quality of company-specific evaluations can be significantly improved using the flexible
distribution function.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
In distribution, you not only work with values and value intervals, but also with sets in order to
distribute data from a sender to a receiver. You should therefore select this component in
combination with the component “Sets”.
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5ROOXS
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Summarizations which define how data is summarized into a rollup ledger. Since the Special
Purpose Ledger system uses many different types of ledger, it is possible to use ledgers that
contain different levels of detail and/or different dimensions. For some high-level reports and
specific evaluations, a ledger may contain too much detailed information or may contain
dimensions that are not needed in a report. This information can be summarized into a rollup
ledger. By summarizing the data, the rollup helps the user attain improved processing times in
reporting.
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Since rollups use sets for selecting the data that is to be summarized into the rollup ledger, you
have to select this component in combination with the component “Sets”.
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Business activity for converting values that were posted to local and global ledgers in the Special
Purpose Ledger system.
Currency translation can take place in the FI-SL system after the data has been updated. If
required, amounts can be revaluated and translated after a posting has been made using criteria
defined by the user.
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Since currency translation uses sets to determine the values that should be translated, you have
to select this component in combination with the component “Sets”.
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As in the G/L Accounting, the balances of accounts (actual and planning values) can be carried
forward from the previous year to the opening balance of the current year.
You can carry forward:
• balance sheet account balances from the previous year to the current year
• the profit and loss account balance from the previous year to the retained earnings
account of the current year
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Using “Data Transfer”, data can be transferred from the FI, CO, MM and SD systems and from
external systems into the Special Purpose Ledger. The FI-SL system uses standard programs
for transferring data from other systems.
Special purpose ledgers use a standard interface when updating data from external systems.
The transfer of external data is required when external information is to be combined with SAP
data or when the Special Purpose Ledger system is to be set up independent of the other SAP
applications.
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The totals that are updated in the special purpose ledger mainly result directly or indirectly from
business transactions that were entered in various areas of the company. Therefore, internal
and external data can be combined in any way for the purpose of creating totals in special
purpose ledgers.
Data can enter the FI-SL system in any of the three following ways:
• from other SAP applications (FI, AM, MM, CO and SD)
When data is updated from other SAP applications, the user defines which business
transactions update the special purpose ledgers: postings from Financial Accounting,
transactions in Materials Management, order settlements, and so on. In doing so, the
user decides how and which ledgers are to be updated by which activity. Based on
the rules and selection conditions that the user defines, the activities are validated,
the data is summarized, and one or more ledgers is updated.
• by direct data entry (using the FI-SL document entry function for adjustment postings)
• from external systems (for the transfer of external data)
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You have to select this component in order to set up a fully integrated FI-SL system. You should
select this component in combination with the components “Master Data” and “Table Definition
and Installation”.
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The validation and substitution components enable data to be validated or substituted at the
original point of entry in either the Special Purpose Ledger system or other SAP applications.
The standard SAP system does not need to be changed in order to carry out validations or
substitutions. When installing the system, the user can define exactly which validations and
substitutions are necessary to ensure data consistency.
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Process of checking values and value combinations that are entered in the SAP System. The
entered values are checked against a logical statement (prerequisite) defined by the user. If the
statement is true, the values are checked against an additional Boolean statement (check
statement). If the check statement is true, the data is posted. If the check statement is false, the
system outputs a user-defined message. The message type determines whether the posting can
be made.
Since the validation takes place before the posting is made, only data that has been checked will
enter the Special Purpose Ledger system.
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Almost all data entering the SAP System can be validated and checked against tables and
master data, regardless of whether the Special Purpose Ledger system is installed. However,
many types of validations cannot be standardized. That is why it is only necessary to select this
component if you want to define your own additional validations to check your data.
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6XEVWLWXWLRQ
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The process of replacing values that are entered in the SAP system, but for which a different
value or dimension should be used in the FI-SL system. The entered values are validated
against a logical statement (prerequisite) defined by the user. If the statement is true, the
appropriate values are replaced.
Substitution takes place before the data is updated in the FI-SL summary tables.
6HOHFWLRQFULWHULD
You have to select this component if you also want to replace values with other values when
validating data. For example, you can replace a specific product with a product group.
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5XOHV
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A Boolean statement to which other rules or statements can refer. Rules can be used in the
following areas:
• Validation
• Substitution
• Ledger selection
• Report Writer selection
• Rollups
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When you select this component, you can define complex Boolean statements as rules. Using
the rule name, you can refer to frequently used Boolean statements.
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The Special Purpose Ledger “Information System” enables the totals and lines items defined by
the user to be evaluated in the form of reports. Such reports are created according to the
company-specific requirements. Using the information system, the user can report on data from
the Special Purpose Ledger system and from other SAP applications.
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Basic Functions ................................................................................................................... 49

Down Payments ............................................................................................................. 94

Shortened Fiscal Year ............................................................................................ 139

Table Definition and Installation ........................................................................................ 184

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