Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

Bird Sounds Generator

1.The theme of the project

The project consists of a circuit which imitates the sound a bird would make. Here is the block schematic of the project :

Oscilator 1

Counter

CMOS Bilateral Switch

Oscilator 3

Oscilator 2

Amplfie r

Speaker

Oscillator 1

The first oscillator in this schematic has the role of generating the clock signal for the 4017 Johnson Counter . It is made by 2 of the inverters contained in the 4049 CMOS

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

integrated circuit. It also has the role of blocking the functioning of Oscillator2 when the output of the U3A inverter gate is in the state 1 logic it injects a current though the D12 diode, the R3 resistor and the input of the U3-C inverter gate. When Oscillator 2 is not functioning the sound generated by the circuit stops for a while. Oscillator 2

It generates a sound of hight frequency that can be heard by the human ear. The produced by this oscillator is then modulated by the signal generated by Oscillator 3. Oscillator 3

It produces a wide frequency band with which the output of the Oscillator 2 is modulated.This ensures that the sound produced by the whole circuit is not monotone and borinq. The 3 oscillators in this schematic are all designed using the 4049 CMOS integrated circuit.Actualy they are astable pulse generators. An astable pulse generator or multivibrator Figure is a free running oscillator which has no permanent state 1 it is continually changing its as output from one state to the other and then back again. This continual switching action from high to low and back produces a squarewave output whose timing cycle is determined by the time constant of the resistor and capacitor. Suppose that initially the output from the NOT gate U1B is high at logic level "1", then the input must therefore be low at logic level "0" (NOT gate principles) as will be the output from the first NOT gate U1A. Capacitor "C" is connected between the output of the NOT gate U1B and the other side to logic level "0" via the resistor "R". The capacitor now charges up at a rate determined by the time constant of R and C.As the capacitor "C" charges up, the junction between the resistor "R" and the capacitor "C", which is also connected to the input of NOT gate U1A decreases until the threshold value of U1A is reached at which point U1A changes state and the output of U1A now becomes high. This causes U1B to also change state as its input has now changed from logic "0" to logic "1" and the output of NOT gate U1B becomes low, logic level "0". Capacitor "C" is reverse biased and now discharges through the input of NOT gate U1A. Capacitor "C" charges up again in the opposite direction determined by the time constant of R and C. The periodic time constant of the circuit T is given as T = 2.2RC in seconds and the output frequency as f = 1/T. The Counter

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

The counter used in the circuit is a 4017 IC. The 4017 is a 5 stage divide-by-ten Johnson counter with 10 decoded outputs and a carry out bit. This counter is cleared to zero count by a logical 1 on their reset line. This counter is advanced on the positive edge of the clock signal when the clock enable signal is in the logical 0 state CMOS bilateral switches

In this project are used 4 CMOS bilateral switches contained in the 4066 IC. The CD4066BC is a quad bilateral switch intended for the transmission or multiplexing of analog or digital signals. The 4017 counter commands this swiches to open or close. In the ON position the signal produced by Oscillator 3 modulates with the signal produced by Oscillator 2 making the bird sound more exotic . Amplifier

It amplifies the signal produced by the circuit so it can be played in the speaker. It consists of a BD139 NPN transistor. Speaker

To hear the bird sounds an 8 speaker will be excellent.

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

2. The functional blocks of the circuit

2.1 Oscillator 1

Figure 2.

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

2.2 Oscillator 2

Figure 3.

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

2.3 Oscillator 3

Figure 4.

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

2.4 The Counter

Figure 5.

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

2.4 CMOS Bilateral Switches

Figure 6.

Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

2.5 Amplfier

Figure 6.

Electronic Circuits Project

Bird Sound Generator

3.The Schematic

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Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

4.Simulation of the functional blocks

4.1 Simulation of Oscillator 1

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Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

4.2 Simulation of Oscillator 2

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4.3 Simulation of Oscillator 3

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4.4 Simulation of the Amplifier

Input:

Output:

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Bird Sound

5. The list of components

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6.The PCB

6.1 Component Displacement

Top

Bottom

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Electronic Circuits Project Generator

Bird Sound

6.2 Traces

Top

Bottom

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6.3 The whole PCB

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