Contents 1 Functions and Models _1 Four Ways to Represent a Function 1.2 Mathematical Models 9 13 New Punctions from Old Functions 14 14 Graphing Calculators and Computers 25 Review 34 Principles of Problem Solving 39 Limits and Rates of Change 43, 21 The Tangent and Velocity Problems 43 22 TheLimitof aFunction 45 23 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws $3 24 The Precise Definition of a Limit 61 25 Continuity 68 26 —Tangents Velocities, and Other Rates of Change 76 Review 82 Problems Plus 89 3 Derivatives _ 93 31 Derivatives 93 32 The Derivative as a Function 98 33 Differentiation Formulas 107 34° Rates of Change in the Natural and Social Sciences 118 35 Derivatives of Tigonometrc Functions 126 36 TheChain Rule 130 37 Implicit Differentiation 137 38 Higher Derivatives 145 ‘Applied Project © Where Should a Pilot Stat Descent? 153, 39 Related Rates 154 3.10 Linear Approximations and Differentials 161 Laboratory Project © Taylor Polynomials 167 Review 170 Problems Pius 181SJ Applications of Differentiation 191 4 42 43 44 4s 46 47 48 49 410 ‘Maximum and Minimum Values 191 Applied Project 0 The Calculus of Rainbows 201 ‘The Mean Value Theorem 202 How Derivatives Affect the Shape of a Graph 206 Limits at Infinity; Horizontal Asymptotes 219 Summary of Curve Sketching 230 Graphing with Calculus and Calculators 249 Optimization Problems 263 Applied Project o The Shape of a Can 278 Applications to Economics 279 Newton's Method 284 Antiderivatives, 292 Review 300 Problems Plus 319 Integrals 325 sa s2 sa sa ss “Areas and Distances 325 ‘The Definite Integral 333 Discovery Project = Aren Functions 342 ‘The Fundamental Theorem of Caleulus 344 Indefinite Integrals and the Total Change Theorem 383 ‘The Substitution Rule 358 Review 366 Problems Plus 375 Applications of Integration _385 1 62 63 64 6s. ‘Areas between Curves 385 Volumes 397 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells 412 Work 421 Average Value of a Function 424 Review 426 Problems Plus 433courenrs owt Sq Inverse Functions: Exponential, Log. id Inverse Trigonometric Functions 441 7.5 Inverse Trgonometric Functions 497 Applied Project © Where to Sit atthe Movies 507 7.6 Hypetbolic Functions 508 7.7 Indeterminate Forms and L'Hospital's Rule $15 Review 529 Problems Plus 543 ‘Techniques of Integration _ 547 ‘8.1 Integration by Parts 547, 82 Trigonometric Integrals $7 83° Trigonomettic Substitution $64 84 Integration of Rational Functions by Partial Factions $73 85 Strategy for Integration $86 86 Integration Using Tables and Computer Algebra Systems $95 Discovery Project > Patterns in Integrals 603 87 Approximate Integration 606 88 Improper Integrals 619 Review 632 Problems Pius 647 2 Further Applications of Integration _ 653 91 ArcLength 653 9.2 Area ofa Surface of Revolution 661 Discovery Project © Rotating on a Slant 669 93 Applications to Physics and Engineering 670 94 Applications to Economics and Biology 682 9S Probability 688 Review 687 Problems Plus 693‘conrents SR Differential Equations _701 101 102 103 104 wos 106 107 ‘Modeling with Differential Equations 701 Direction Fields and Euler's Method 703 Sepacable Equations 710 ‘Applied Project | Which Is Faster, Going Up or Coming Down? 719 Exponential Growth and Decay 720 ‘Applied Project 2 Calevlus and Baseball 724 ‘The Logistic Equation 726 Linear Equations 734 Predator-Prey Systems 739 Review 743 Problems Plus 751 Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates _757 1a 2 na na ns 16 7 ‘Curves Defined by Parametric Equations 757, Laboratory Project 0 Families of Hypocyeloids 767 ‘Tangents and Areas 770 Laboratory Project 0 Bétier Curves 780 ‘Ate Length and Surface Area 781 Polar Coordinates 788 ‘areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates 803 Conic Sections 813 ‘Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates 820 Review 825 Problems Plus 835 FSR infinite sequences and Series 841 121 2 23 4 2s 126 27 2s Sequences 681 Laboratory Project © Logistic Sequences 850 Series 854) ‘The Integral Test and Estimates of Sums — 865 The Comparison Tests 871 Alternating Series 875 Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests 879 Strategy for Testing Series 884 Power Series 887,cowrenTs ote 129 Representations of Functions as Power Series 893 12410 Taylor and Maclautin Series 901 1211 The Binomial Series 912 12.12 Applications of Taylor Polynomials 919 Applied Project © Radiation trom the Stars $91 Review 932 Problems Plus 943 SS Appendixes 951 Intervals, Inequalities, and Absolute Values 981 Coordinate Geometry and Lines 986 Graphs of Second-Degree Equations 962 Trigonometry 967 Sigma Notation 975 Complex Numbers 978 omcoe==ee= Functions and Models Four Ways to Represent a Function ‘nears ating sina apasmaton, ar arses maya sight ow answers ge are 1. (a) The pot (1,2) son the graph off, 80 (=I) = =2. (0) When = 2, yout 28, 10 £2) 428 (0) (2) =2isequalea oy = 2, When y= 2, we have x = 3 and = (4) Reasonable estimates fe x when y = Oarex = -2:5 ands = 03, () The doin off cosas falas nthe mph off. Fo this fnction, tbe domain is ~3 < x <3. The ‘ange off consists of al ymalvs othe praphof f. Fe this function, the ranges —2 < y <3 (Ass increases fom =I v3, increases fom ~2103. Ths, fi inresing onthe interval =1, 3 2 (a) Thepoiat (~4,~2) son the graph off 30 f(A) = —2 Tae point (3,4) onthe graph of g,50g 0) = (©) Weare ooking fr the vas fs fr whic tb nals ae equa The y-ales for fad are qa the ints (~2, 1) and (2,2), the denied ales of are —2 and, (©) (2) = ~1 isequinlento y= =I, Wheny = 1, weave (AS increases fom O10 4,» eres fom 3 1. Tha, fi deresing onthe interval (0,4. () The domain of f consists fal x-atucson tne graph off. Fortis fiction, the domain is —4 0} = [2.2 From ph tg =» <2 0. 28/60) =3~26. Doin 1 Gem s(e-6) & x2 60rx 5 0,50the domains Mf) =P 42H Le (22H) —2= (+P 2, soe gris ” ‘puro wits vertex at (—1, 2. The domain sR. / 2B g(2) = VF=Sis deine whens ~$ 2 Dor 2 5, ste dora 15.00). Sincey=VE=3 = yas-S oo xayees, ‘we se that the tp hai ofa parol.2 (0) = VET. The domain s(x |6~2e a ur20 Bowmties simenin| | Ae =r itr <0 SEENON 1 fOUnWAYS TORMENT ALNCTON zo rex ite20 [2 itez0 ox 0 arom [ co erce)| a waez0) _[ 2 tr20 | -2 its 0 1 its <0 [ot that wedi ot sex 2 0, beast x0, Hence, he domain of fs bleso. P4465 G4 EsD 34E 42 BSG)= sofors #=2, fe) = 43 ‘Domain is |x ~2. The le inthe graph can be foun sing the ‘implied function. (2) = +3. (2) | ites that the Boe has coordinates (-2, 0, Se elim in ease FO") car ite>o Derain sR. aro-[ Domains e+ ite<-t 35) sre6 © Cummms nactoss oMCDES 1 ies Biw®= a @ faye | ee? if-ter 1s the graph the ine with slope 1 and -iovercep 1 that te ie 2 itso yaMG =a x-1 Somtetinston f(a) = | 2042 O- 0, since lengths asthe posi gamesenon sours TOReMESTARAEION OY 18 Lette length of sido beet inp be Then ye Penge Term thi ote triangle sass y2+ (1) = 1, stat y = fs, Using the forma forthe re 4 ofa wane, A= 4 we ei we aban AG) = 469 (fs) = Be, with dain > 0 $8. Lethe volume ofthe cae be ¥ andthe gh fn eg L Then V = 1940 1 = Yan teste es 507) =6( YP) = 61, wis domain > 0 8. Lecach idea Be sof x hie gh sant te eight af the box be A. Sine the volumes 2, we now that 2 = ha, so that = 2/2, and he surface aren = 224. Thus, ‘(x)= 29-445 (2/82) 324+ 8/x, ith domains > 0 1 Thewenefte wink sd = xh + fe (Js) = 2h + 22, wher inthe ight fe rectangular potion of the windon. The erimeteris P= 2h-+x-4 Jax = 30 49 the 30—x— Jax oo hm] (60-2e— Ths, ‘ ses (s44) Since he eg x and must e postive quits, wehwve x > Oandh > 0.Fork> Owe ave 2k > 0 4 Marnfero 8 6 @>tites o 27% tm tadamiiddbt cn eg, -m- a 7 Aw ie fet et at ne fe ‘The height ofthe box i and he length and with re = 20 2, = 1225, Then V = LWs and so ¥ @) = @0—2s)(12=28) (4) = 4(10~2)(6~2) (2) = Ae (60= Noe +22), 24) 642 +200 ‘The ses LW ands must be postive. Ths, L > 0%» 20-21>0 «7 <10w>0 o I2=2e>0 es x < Gand > 0. Combining hee resticinn gs ws the domain 0 << 6 a $200 # 00<2210 220 0x2 240 ber g12 20 W2 C=460= [d~200 o> Cm Ja4260 () Leting d= 1500 e gt = § (150) +260 = 635. The cost of ving 1$00 miles i $635. © * ‘The slope of the ine represents the et pr mile, $0.25. (4 The intercept represents the fed cot, $260, (6) Beas you have fied monthly costs such as nsuance and car payments well as css that increase a 98 hive, sah as psig, ol, and irs andthe cost of hese for ech ational mile driven conta. sae ‘1% (a) The da appear t epi nda sin or cosine function would mak he best model. A model fhe form £48) = comb) + seems appopiae (The data appear to be decreasing in inca fthion. A model of the fon (3) = mx + seems appropriate. ‘4. (2) The data appear tobe increasing exponentially: A model a the form f(x) = 2 of) appropriate (©) The data appear to be doresing F() = a/x seems apropeiate 2B +e seems ilar tthe ales fhe epoca fetion. A mode of he form2 Owens runcrons moMaDRS ‘eos gn oman deer poe, Tae eu gen owl amour asia ats — oun i leothe ce wo (0) Using the ois 400,141) nd (60,00, 82), me bain a2—141 Ya Mad GRE TTS 4000 of, ety, ~0.0010s557s + 14521429, ‘A linet model dos seem appropriate | (Using a compating device, we obsn the leas squres regression line y = ~0.00009785Sx + 1.980764, (4) When x = 2500,» * 11456; or about 1.5 per 100 population, (6 When 1 = 90,00,» = 5968; o shouts 64 chance ) When x = 200,000, sept, 0 the model does ot py ww pi 7 [eL %, Using comping deve, we obtain he least srs regression ine y = 48% ~ 22098. N sen © 0a LL ‘Using comping device, we obtia the est squares regression ney = -1S8240324% + 0089119747, where isthe year andy isthe eight in eet (2 When x = 200,» = 20.0, (4) When x = 2100, y~ 2891 ft. This woul bean incense of 9.49 fo 199616 2100. Eventhough there was incense of 8.59 for 1900 1996, iti uniey tha sina increase il ocur ver the next 100 yea.seoron2 wxmoaron Mocs © ‘By looking at the seater plot of the data, we rule othe incr ad oar mods. ‘We ny various models: uaa: y= Or? 2.207 + 1970699 Cubic: y = 00R0I2AN RON — 3 MMB TIBKE? +247 6754H6KE 5163 935198 Quan y= QoOU29sI04544 — a 04s4seoRHSs? 45275256414? ~ 18022665115 +2203.210956 Exponential: y= 2.41422004(1.054516014) Power: ym .goonzgsi7ic2slons) —. omens ues eon eo cota ‘Aer examining he rah of ese models, we se that he ub nd | ‘quae modes are leat the Best. expiry Using a computing devise obtain the xb ction yar! + be ber +a with @ = 000252867081876, b= 13. 06487 79576, c= 24,465 0846422, ond d= ~15.268.795 572507. When = 1925,» © 1922 (alten,M42 OURTERY FUCON AKOMODES ae an “The graph of Tvs appersto be that of power function andthe gph ons. Ind appears ob ee, so pomer mode sears reasonable (0) 7 = 1on0ssaounat 0%" (© The power model in par (bs approximately T= d!, Squaring bth sides pve us 7 = d,s the model smatches Kepler's Thi Law, 1? = A 53 _New Functions from Old Functions 4. (a fe rah of is is 3 ts pad equation Beames» = fs) +3. () Ihe graph of fi shied units damear its mution becomes y= f (2) ~3 (6) Hehe graph of fs site 3 unis heights equation besomesy = f(x = 3) (4) the pap off sailed 3 units othe es equation ecanesy = 7 (= +3) (6) he graph off refeced abou he xa. ts equation becomes y= = /(. (ee raph of fs teeted hou the yan equation booms y = f (=) (Mbe graph of fi che very by factor 3, ts equation becomes y = 3). (Ihe graph off sunk verily by ator of 3, its equation becomes y = 4/8). 2. (a) Tochain the praph of» = 5a) om the pap of y = f (2). see he eaphvrzally by a facto () To obtain he graph oy = ~) fre te araph fy = (2), ifthe graph Suis othe ight (6) Toobin the gh of = —f (fam te pap of y=) reflt the rah south xan (6) To obtain te prop oy = ~5/ a) rom he raph of y= f (2), sch he pap verily by a itor of $ snd eft about the vans (©) Toobuinthe ap fy = f(s) om he graph fy fs), sk te gph orm by for 3. (0 Toba te graph of y= 5/2) ~3 rom the gph oy = fe, ste he graph very yaar a $ sedi is dora 2) (amph 3) The gph fs shi unis tothe gt anda egatony = f= 9) (© (ph 1) he ea off sed nin ward and as egation y= 6) +3 (6) (9h) The rh of fsck very bya factor and as egatony = 3/8). (6 (eaph 5) The pho fe sie wits he ef a eft about he ai Heaton s yensat4 (6 (graph 2) The graph off shied 6 wits wo the eft and steed verily bya fcr 2s equation y= 2/048)SEETONLA NEW ACTIONSAREODRACIONS © AcoDemy=so+oeemmnemes —— OV Irmhy=/U) tweet rmol/ Feat tao TA Ww (0 To graph y = 2/4) we rch te graph (6) To paphy = 1/0) +3, we sik he graph yy tno 1 feta tert test ‘ing pt ee ae pomperrninny | ae SW Peeway = see) wes te gaghot (0) Topsy = / (Js) we sec he rat of ‘romana stte fees (6) Voge y = /(-1) we refet he rh (@)Togrph y =~ (-1) we reflect he graph of f Of abot the ais hou the yo, ten about he sani The graph fy f(a) = VIF haben shied wits othe right and etched vertically by factor of 2 “Tha, funtion deveribing the raph is ya1fe-2=2)3G-2- G2) 22 fie 6— Fe) WEI6 OMAPTERY runcroNs AO MOR 1. The paph oy = (2) = Ve = has been shied 4 us he freee about he ans, and shied downward 1 uit Tha, fnton describing he raph is ye mh fe4y =I tet ain ih tout Aunts twit are left down “This function canbe writen as Pafe4O- 1a VSG rN Oa 1 == fe =D ~ ares 1 (a) The raph ofy = sn can be obaioed om he raph of y= sin by setching it vertically by a fictr of 2. (0) The paghofy = 1+ /Feante bain fom the wrap fy = Vi by shifting upward 1 it,SEENON NeWFUNCTONG ROUBOAINCTONS 7 12 y= YEFE Sta wih the graph of y = 9 ad ait 2 vis tte let. Moyea 424m (842+) 42 = (+E +2 Str ihe graph of y= 2, i unt et and hen ‘shit 2 wits upward 36 y= 2 sine San with the graph oy = sins, compress horizontally by air of sec verily by a {actor of2 and hen reflect about the ais.8 Owens jueroNs MO MEORS 17, y= J sin (x— f): St wit he rg oy sn, si fui the ight nd then compress very by 2 fico 3, i pwais Pym inte) Mt y= fale 3) OuAuA AYA: em thy cL: Site pmol) = Vit it en i 2 th pd Wye tenes ae pace (Par hI)4 L L ee 2: St whe pphofy =, ‘ui eet abot ea, hn 2 is pra y= }VFFT-¥: Ser with he pap ofy = VF, sit unto the let and compress etal bya fet of2, then sit 3 its downedSEENON 2 NEWRNCHONS ROMCIDANETENS Ow 22 y= 1) +2: Sua withthe graph oy =, shi nit the igh aden shi 2 units pan {By =|Is1~ 1: St with the gh oy =] shi | uit downwad and hen rect the prof he raph rom tox = 1 abou the si. 14, y= fos a: Star withthe pap fy = ou nd teeth pat of the raph that ie Below the is about the Fete ysfeuat 25. Tiss jute lion ample except piu of be cures ~ 12 = 2 Sot icon £09 = 12+ 280 8] Mao 3 te 9 ye yn, 0th les (9) % 12.34 The eine (3141918 PA 12h 7 miso 1248. Te mol ae en rom he cual value by 2452 = 0.09, es than 1% 3%. Ug se finon ode theres of Dea Cp a ton oie wee prio be 5. mpi oe 035 (on he elf mpi and is merge magne a be 40. we tke = 0 in fevers righnes, hen the mpi ihe) conoid can be dee by te frm M) = 404035sn (8), £21 (a) Toni y= f(s he portion oy = f(s) othe ight fhe ans is eet abou the ys © y=sints orev I 722 CMAPTERY ruNcTONS NO MOORS 2% The most por fetes of the piven graph ae the interes and he ” mex ad minima pints. The graph oy = 1 /f (2) has vr ssympite a the x-ales where thre re -ntercepts on he rah of = / (2- ‘The maximum of onthe graph oy = / (3) corresponds 1 minima of 1m tomy = 1/2). Say the mini onthe graph of y= fC) corresponds oa maximum onthe graph of y= 1/ (8). 2. Assuming that cessive horizontal and vel gidts are aunt apa, we ean make» able of approximate alae 8 flows 7 Os re ra) afir{1s|10{ 07] 030 ce ee) afar] jasaa]irlo so+ee) | 4] a4 | 43 [3a [34 | 20/0 “| : Conesting he pins x, f (2) + (2) with a smooth curve gives an approximation othe graph of / +. Extn int can be pled heoeen tas listed above if necessary. ‘Mist note thatthe daa of + iste intersection of the domains of fan has, +s only defined where both and ar ied. Taking the horzatal and vera nis of eng be the tances between successive vera an hoz rine, we can make stable of approsimae values as follows: 7 Ja 7°77 sys ys sey 22| 20] 24/27] 27} 23 0) 1|-13 | -12| -06 | 03 | os |o7 i for+em| of 09] o8| 18/30] 32/30 a ‘ara values of (ike the value 2S inthe ble above canbe aed as need Mf (e) = 420.46) = 32 - 1 D= Rion bah fants, Ue eGyet 42P e38= Tat e821, U- 0) 8428-62 at 410k oe = (2420) @x? 1) =385 + 6x4 P20, = (Qe SEF. om frie pa sg) ames? —i 4seenon13 KEWNERONG POMCIDANCTONS Gm 2. 60) = VIFF, D=I-h.oie6)= VIER, D = (20,1 Ut 0G)=Jiaat Vina Dm (~2)0)= Fe ~MI=a, = Ua) = Mite: I=¥ = STH Dw (Dorm SEE batt. weomt eae Bsed= sala Wf (=) = 22x: 904) = 30-42. D= Robot fan 4, and hence fre composes on) = S860) = /Ge42) = 20042) Gx +2 = WE 421046 (oN) = 8G) #QP 2) = 3QP 3) 42603042 (Fee) = [UG = Q2 =x) = 2020 =)! ~ QP = 2) = ht +e Gon)= FEU) = eGr+)—3Gr+2)42—95 +8 3 (60) = V7=T. D=[LokgG)=7,D=R (Fem) = se) =/()= FT, = (x © R1g() [1,00] = (-20,~I1U 11.0) NG) = BF) =8 (VER = (VE=T = Ce Na= SU O25 (=D = VAT D=(reiho)! ve=T2 I} = 2.2) GoM) =£40) =e (8) =) a2, 0=R 3. f(2)m Ws, Dm lx x #0, (0) mah 42s, DR, Conte) = SG) =f (09428) = 1/428), D= fx? 42e £0) = 1 4, eo NU) = 2G) =ll/2) = UP 42/5, Dm bela 60, oer= 10) ~ 10/8)~ gh =5.D= six 40 Gog) =e =a (0 +20) = (0 +20)" 426424) Sa +6? ID +10? $e, DR Soh patie -t. are) = ven0=s(3!) esniee(-)= vepoer (=n wenmne(S)-Ganrernr™ tire. Dax] x #0,-020 @MAPTERY fUNcTONS AOMODRS 8. /G) = sins, D=R, a6) = 1~ VF, D = 10,00). (Som) = FU) = 1(1~ FF) =sin(t Va), = (00). (0 9G) = FLY) = Bsns) = | ~ VaR. or Jn ote defines, we must ave sinx 20. 69 + € 0,4} [2x 3e} (-2e,~1) (Oe, Seb (An, Dom Ux x [anes 4-2nn], whee ms an tg) Ue Ned= SUG) = fins) = sin(ns), De (0G) = £666) =a(t~ Ji) =1~ Im VE, Dm fr 2011 VFO) m1OtE (0) = VE=T, D = (-20,-N1U1, 20:86 = VIZRD= (0. 20) = sete) = f (T=) = Y(AI=a) — 1 = YF Ton the domain of (Fg) (0), we mt fod the vals of that ar the drain fg sh tha (eis inthe domain off. In symbol, we have Dem {x €(-0, 1 VI=H 1} (1,20). First, we conan onthe reguiement ht AT=F € (-20,—11U, 0). Because JT=F 2 0, (T= sot in (~205 =I) IF VT=F fin 00) them we tmathine JT=3 21 os 1x21 = x50 Combining the resins x < Oand x « (20,1, we tin D = (20,0) GoD =4 0) = 4 (A= «RE, Dm fr 06 MUL, 09) | VET=T@ (0 I} Now THT kisVi =» xs VE. Combining this restriction with x « (~00, p=[-vi-tJuf. 4} Vone= sy an= f (VFA) = (HI) =1 = HR De [re (om, 11UUt.0)| VAT=T €(-00,-1}U 00} Now VE=T P22 a [l2y¥ = x2 Vlors $-VE Conbning is rescton wins (-00,~11UI, 00, 8 hale D = (20, ~VE}VIVE.0) Gog) = eg) = 2 (VTHH) = VI= Js, Dm fx © (-00, 1] | VTHF € (00, NI Now VITES1 me na st om 120, Combining hiretison with «(2,1 weobain 2 = (0,1) 8. Yoe eh) = SEH = SEE I) f(VE=D = VERT“! © Yeorehye)= Seer) = Sg (2 +2) =F ((2 437) =1 /442)" ogee) = FeO) = Sei) = L(E~3) = (E=SN+1 )- la Letg (a) = 2 9and f(x) = Then Uf 29)18) = 9° = FG. Let g (2) = JF and f4) = sin. Then (08) (8) =n JF = FO) = P-isl os Aste VU 1,00), we dein MH Uoeeme=seoen=se)=s (ge aia=F mise sy Leta te) = 243d f(s) =e Then fo) = 1/6 +3) = GE. Ha Raion gy = oHenon3 HEWTINCNONS RONCIORNCTENS Gm (8. Lei gi) cost md f() = VF Ten / 099 () = VRE HO). Leg) = rand /() = nt, Then (Fog) =tana! =) LANG) Hg) =, and f= La The Yop 2) 0) 1-3" = HO, LAA) = Jig) 4— Land J) = YE Then Yo ohD) = VR=T = HO SB. Leth(s) = 5,060) = sees an /(0) = 14 Then / 080) 2) = (eV! = vec) = H 0. HM sSEM=/Om5 ©) 2/0) =£0)=2 SEM =SOm4 @re=26=3 NO =2UO)=2H=1 Few O=/@(0)=s0)=4 5% (a) ¢(2) = 5, because the point 2,5) sn the graph of g. Ths, (g2)) = J (5) = 4, Deas the point (, #8 ‘onthe gph off. eV O)=20)=3 OU eIO=SEO)=/0)=0 © 2 NO) =81/ ©) = 816) Tis ues not dtd, because thee ino point onthe graph of ¢ that has oor 6 OEoN-D=eEl-I=e)=4 OUNM=SUM)=1@=-2 (To find apt vale of f(g (2) sy for x = 0, we nae fom he graph that ¢() = 2.8 and 28) = ~0., Thus, / (0) ™ f 28) © 05. The ther vals ned inthe ble were oben sina fashion, = [2@ | /@@) =]e@ [Jee » Ts[-02 [= oO] 28] 0s 4} 12] -33 1| 22] -17 : 3} 22] -17 2| 12] -33 i -2} 28|-03 3|-02| 4 als |-o2 4|-19 | -22 sea] 19 157. (0) Using the relationship stance = roe tne with he radios ws the dan, we ver) = 6 (Ame > Uory)= AGU) =x (6? = 36007. Tas frmula ives ws the extent of the pple ca incr!) a ary time @@dan > da350 (6) Thee ea Pythagorean relationship involving he swith engths and 1 an the ypotensse with length: #4 Peet Tous sd) = VET. © 620) =240) =5050 = (EMTTT aw { oro " o A v0~| no weze i ta VW) = 20H),4 uarrens runcrons mo MODES ° " Sting with he formula in part), we replace 120 with 24010 rece tere vole, Also, bocaue we are trig unt tthe right of Oe replace with = Ths the formals V (7) = 24041 = 3). ew wnnnmn=[o MO = | ieee wron{o se a YO" ly wosis@ v0 Sov Wa UH Wt <6 yroef® es? OVO") gan ersisa ol sor (a4d—-DHU- Mi sB : 1 (a) By examining the aril terms in gar, we dedacetat we mus sat get th ems 4a? and inh lee et £2) =. + ey then f09)(8) = fC) = fA + Nm Gs +i emda tat (I +e ‘Since h(x) = Ae? 440-47, wert ave 14.6 = 7. $0. Band (0) =? +6 (6) We need a function 50 hat FU) = 3 EC) + S= HG) BeBe $2 3) 42 = Ce Hx) +S, Sowe eet sed=F4r— {© Wencad a incton 50 hat g(/()) = (e+ 8) = AG) = Ae ~ Le 4c 44) = 17, Some se tat the ftion g must be g(3) = 4c ~ 17. (6. Weneed io examine (=). AED =U EDEN = SEEN = SUE) Mecawegiers] = AG) Because (2) = (2), his an ten faeton. 12) = f4(O8)) = Fete). Att poi, we casi the expression, 50 we might Hy Ye fad cuntercxampe show that his ot no fction. Let (2) = x ano fnton, and f(x) = 2? +x. Then n(x) = 274+, which ber even nro ‘Now suppose fin ol funtion, The f(—#(4)) = — f(g (2)) = (2). Hence, (-) = h(a) ands ‘sod ita f andar od. ‘Now soppose / an ven fren. Then J (29) = f(e(s)) = (3), Hence, h(x) = h(a) ands his cvenif sod and fiver.seeniow 14 5. (0) P= (0,8(6)) and O = (a (a), (2) beens Q haste same yale a Pandit son he ine y (©) The svat of 2 is (a; this isa the sale of. The ye of Ris threfone rae), that i, / Ce) Hence, R= (0), £60), (6) The coortnates of Saree, f(e (a) oF eualenty, (hea. (0. We ony need plot pois for the fs qua since we an seta fm futon, and by Exercise 64, we ‘ten know that 0 / is an od fio, ad hence, rymmetne wth espet oh in 7 ]opesp pisye yey Jo} i fasfialo sere {o}rs|ra}irs|o CRWHNGCACUATORS MODCOMMLTERS 25 © Graphing Calculators and Computers I Le yoyerxty2 © REA) bya o (6) (10,40) (80,800) © Aaya ‘The most appropriate raph is Produced in viewing rectangle (2)359 camrens ruscrons mo Moon's Liwasteese @ —[-S.SIbyI-8.5) (0,10) by {20,100} © (9 [10,3 (-100,20) ~w| oo “The mat apron raph i produce in vewing rectangle (0 fee) = 10428¢—3 baby iad ©) [10,101 i (© (20,209 by {-100, 100) (@ (100, 100)6y{-200, 200) ‘The most ppropeate pags produced in viewing rectangle) because th maximum an minima pois ae fay cay tse nd estimatesecrow sa 4 @)= vere © PARA © C9 (© 10,10) (-10,40) @ Pam UMN UARS AND COMMUTENS 2D by 1,100) by 1-261 ‘The mast appropriate graphs produced in viewing rectangle) 5 Since he paghof / (3) = 5-420 — 37 panbol opening downmard am appropri viewing rectangle shou inchie the ‘maxim pit. 1. (2) = S33E=H7. Tint an appropri viewing rectangle, we neue /°s domain nd rage: 256=17 20 69 3 £256 o> B1S16 es -16< + $16 s0the domain is{=16, 16). Also, 0 YR56=F7 < $256 = 4, othe range (0,4. Ths, we choose ‘he viewing rectangle tobe [-20, 20] by (26. 8 /e)=vE= 2 JL) {Ah NZI =mo QMMPTERY feNcTONS MO MOORS 4/00) = 0012 — 245. Gaping fina standard viewing om ‘rectangle [10 10} {-10, 10, shows ws wha appears to be a ‘parol. But since his is cube polynomial, we know that er ‘wing rectangle wil evel minima pt wel ashe al 7 ‘maximum pint. Mer some il and err, we choose he viewing rectangle {~$0, 150] by {-2000, 2000, W/@=re+00-9 1 : Monae Breas Wy ate-[e 3)ecnon 14 GAPING CALCULATORS WO CIMFUIRS 2 7. fo2)=cori00n) 8/0) 3sint300) A JAAR AI. UV] VVVY eine, mmf) = ans) I) ~ ENA Wi SA 2. Weamus solve te given equation fo yt obtain qutions teraction tip 4249? =} / wo wait @ pao : i yas ok22 Curren fucronsto wots Mya aiFot 1. Graphing /(2) = 30? +42 4x ~2 ina stand viewing rectangle, (~10, 10] by 10, 10, reveals on ral oo ‘ewcenO and 1. The second gre shows a closeup of this region By wing aot inde ry zooming in, we Sind th vale of he oto be aprosinutly 0.67 a balers — ee, 2a rom the graph of J (x)= 2sins and (1) = x, we seta there ae tree points of imeneton. The intersection Point (0,0) obvious and due tothe symmetry ofthe graphs bath functions are ot), we oly ned find ene of ‘he other wo pons of iuerscton. Using a itencoon finde 0 2eomiag in, we nd the sale of he ands 1.90 yore aw ‘The x contd of he vee pons of Imereton wes = —3.28, -2 36nd 1.20. (©) Us ia ander, we find that m= 0.3365. ‘oe that m could als be mepatveSEETION 14 GHMINGCALOUATORS AO ONMUTERS 3 2s) =P grt (4) = 0? 28.9) = 14 = 1002 intr tng) immer > 10, heooer > 10 smote 1) Ws 10.21) AHEY LOLI — GDS} [0.0] ae 1 os bow pos ‘As ests lrg, £ (2) = 2" rows more rp than g(x) = 38. (©) Prom the graphs inp (appears hat theo sltion re % 1.2and 224 Ay 10.20) GO, AO} 10.500] GH 10,30 [0,10"] 2@o | ‘Asx pet le, (2) = 3" grows more rap than (2) == (b) From the gaps in (a pers hat be the soins are x © ~0.0, 152 and 7.17. a os ‘Wesee fom the graphs of y= pins ~ x] andy = 01 that there re 60 sohtios othe equation pins = | =I: ~0.85 ands > O85. The ‘omit ons ~ =| <1 bo fo ary fing between thes vals,. Py asst 50 42, O(a) = 3, These rapt are | no senieandy fleet oly the region closet the erg. Te ager ‘viewing rectangle one chooses. the ana moe sila th vo graphs bok. 38. The root fictions y = (0) Therotfinctiomy =x, () Therootfintons y= Vi, yo fimo ye Bemdy = He ya Yay = Sindy 4 as (> For any the th ro 0 0 andthe mh rot of 1 hati al th oo factions ps tog he ints (0,0) and (1) 1+ For odd, he doin ofthe nt rot anton sR, while for even nis i € Rx > «Graph of ven oot fnctins look silat that of /, wile those fod root fantons resemble that of e ‘+ Asm increases, th graph of becomes steeper ear O and Mater fr x > 1 38 (0) The imctions y= rand (8) The fctions y= I/s? and (€) The funtion y= 1/, 2 andy yeud y (We The graphs of al into ofthe form y= 1/" pass though the pos (1). fis even the graph ofthe function seni above te xan. The graphs of 1/2" for ven are iar 0.08 aoatee ‘= isox he fantom postive for postive x and nga for negative x. The graphs of 1" or mod a toon ance ‘+ Acmincreaes, the graphs of 1" approach Ofer asx» 0.SECTION 4 GUNG CNORACTRS COMMUTERS 38 Bf (0) x4 bee 4x, Me <0, there rete humps: two mini Pit anda maximum ple. These humps et ater ws incense, mt at ¢ = 01 ofthe harps dsp an here is nly oe ‘minima pot. This ingle hump then moves tothe igh and arproshes be ain a inerenss = FEF Are <0 finn ony deine on [EA / dE an srg sth top al flips. <= 0,0 pags ine y = 1. fe > 0. gap the alt ‘fanypetola. As apace thes eares become fate an spo te ine 9 = BA ya. Asm inte. the 6 maximum ofthe fntin move fuer ftom the oigin. and pets large. Noe, weet, haters of, the fncton approaches 0281-20. La _| ex ‘The “bullet” becomes broader as ¢ increases. a ventet fe <0, the lop io the right ofthe rain. nd if postive, is tothe Hef. I both ass, te coe so, the lager the loop (a ‘he lining case, © = Othe loops ifn”, tat ist does’ close) Also, te lage eis the step the slope i onthe lope sid of the ots 2 wy=sin() y= sin(e3) ‘This functions ot pero; totes Jes eget a increases ot als that i ‘This faetion ails more reguenty aso increses. function sve, whereas sin is30 cua nics wos review 4. (0) A fameton / sale hat assigns teach lemon ina set A exactly one element ald f (2), in ast B. ‘The set Ais called the domain fhe ution. The range off ise set ofl posible vals off (2) 48x ‘ais throughout he domain (1s funtion with orn , ten is eaph is the set of ordered prs (x, #2) x A (6 Use the Vere Lie Testo page 17 CONCEPT CHECK ———— 2. The four ways to representa fincton ae: verbally, numerically, visa, nd algeria. An example of each even below Verbally: An asigment of steno chairs i asroom (a description ie words) [Numeral A tx able ht assigns an amount of txt an income (able of values) ioually: A apical history ofthe Dow Jones nerap (0 graph) ‘Agebraeally: A relaoasip between dace rte and tine: = (an explora) 2 (a) Aneve function f sisies J (-s) = f (efor every ruber + i its domain is symmetric with respect to the yas (0) Anda fanetiongststes g (-x) =~ (s) for ever ube x nits domain. ts symmetric wih respect © the orig 4A function fis called incresing on an interval iff (1) < f (3) whenever st « Se) 5 Tie. Sethe Vere Lie Text (Fae, Let (2) = 27 and g (4) = 2s. Then (0g) (0) = F1@(s)) = fe) = (2x7 = 407 and oN) =a) =8(") =20.S0 for Fees.25 CMAPTERY fuNcrons mo NocRS iss —_—_ 1. 4) When x2, 27, Ths, (2) 27. WO SGy=d 9 123,56 (©) The domain of fs ~6 < « <6 00{-6,6) (The range off 4.5 5 4 0r(~4.4) (6) Fs increasing on (4,9. (© Fis sinc ts gh is symone with respect tthe origin. 2 (a) Thin curves nthe graph fron ox ince fi the Vera Line Test () This carve the graph of incon of sae pase the Vere Line Test The domains [3,3] andthe range is [2,3 20 ‘Tere wll be some yield with o fertilize increasing eke wei ncrening fine se, levling-f of ‘ies at sme poi and disaster with co mach ‘erie we. (©) Prom the graph, we see thatthe distances slighty less than 150 fet. 5/092 VE=T tomb 3020 we Est asf oe hs macy Om ys¥i = Osys2 bcm hy Damier 140 oe aA a e090 ann me ya Aas Damien I sae Sto) Og tunes osys2 A pattem Apes = 2 +f Rng tet en fie 8 0 Toaeinsepenety= 0) +h eemine pty «Jit me Oy Toa deems = 64 Peek epwty = 7) tae (0 Tota ep = 142/ hve ep) = vet coe steerage ate (o Tosa eh) = fo). ne hi be aga Tn coer to Tehnn epee ==/ vena pty =) ae (heck ety == 1 mentee pty = [at ea en i vost ena rope 2) gt 2 wits, and then sit the10. (0) To bein the ppt of = Fe shit he wah of y= f (rg 8 ois, (0) Toon he graph of y= 2~ f (0), 96 ‘ete the gph oy = f (2) abou te ais aod then si the resuing graph 2 its upmad, 1M. Toststeh he graph of y = 1+ VTFE, we shite graph of y= Bef 2 nis ad up 12. Tostteh he graph ofy = cose, we compress the raph ofy = ot hora ty a ator of. Te currens feven O97 (2) Toca the graph of y = — (4), we elec the argh fy = 7) about beans (6 Toobin te graph oy = 4 (2) ~ be sik the graphy = f(s) by aftr of2, and then shit the resating graph unit downsard SaaS 2 Tosketc the graph fy = (x — I= 1, weit the paghofy =x gt | uit and down | wit 1M Tosheich the graph ofy = 3 ~2sins, we sesh the raph oy = sins vertically bya factor of 2, tele the resuting graph aboot the es, and then shi that raph 3 its up.32 CAPTERY ruETONS OMODES 18 (0) The ems of fae a iste of 0 and even powers of, inher even nar (©) The terms of fae all od powers of x30 fis, (0 Fo) = c08((-0?) = can (e?) =F). 90 f even (8) F(a) = 14 sn (an) = sina, Now FCO) # £0 aod f(-2) 9 ~f (2,80 Fs eer even not PB 2nd eqns y= Om 260+ Nox piety, ya=2e=2 The ee as qution +? = tthe tpi eqation y= T=a¥ (we ave sed or an faye HO? SES pation 1) Few Fat w= 3 Mex < Lowemanhne I= —G=1)25 = 02 7, whihis ie hex <3,wemuthver=1-G—2)25 eo 12 L.whichis ie becuse s <3 Mex 23,wcmutnes “I= (=323 «2 225, which i fie, Altres essed fied, 0 nels no soison 5 Fee) [Ai 43). Hs 2 hen f) = J —Ae43] = eNO -9) Caw): MO- 3m f(s) =? — 40-43, ‘This enables ust sech he raph ors > 0. Then we we theft a san ‘oe fain rete isp of he gap abut es obtain be cate gap Or, we could cosidrabo ite caens <—3,—3-¢ < Land stereo© uncrusoF rom sou © e0=[e—1|-f = i Fon ithe oy Pot ithe? woe ener BoA | To Sofie sf < gta) = tas? = (=) 3, Lets] <2g(es?—1- (4) a2 Sande teh Retest 1- (8-4) 3. Rit i= L+bol @ lyl-H=bI+1=0 IDI=bi-DI+1=0 4 (el Dii-)=0 @ xe sttor yest Bey -$8 45720 2U-9-2O-H=0 (-P)0-9 ratyoryes 4.1014 bl <1. The boundary ofthe region as equation f+ y= In gnats I, nd 1, his Becomes the ines # +) = ety tne— y= ands =y = Hespecively Wim pl+hl— bts? Cae x>y>0 we rnytenys2 @ Can (i) y>x>0 9 yoxtenys2 @ Case (i): x>0andy <0 @o rnytetys? © Case): x 0 ee younenys? Caw) yer<0 9 xnynstys? Cae: 34760 ynrnntys? © [Nowe Instend of consi cases), (and, we cou have noted ht 30 the repens ‘he region s unchanged if andy ae repced by an symmetric about the ergs. Therefore, we ned only dr cases (i) amd (i), ad rotate ough 180" about the rg. xcys! 05 2¢m) 232 nas? 0s (rm)‘M1. Leta te the distance traveled on ech half of be trp Let am Be te tmes ak fo thet nd second aes tthe wip. Forth frst half ofthe rip we have = 30 and forthe second af we have = 4/0. Ths, the verge sped wal diswee 2d” ad 60 1204 (3d fee Sune AAG Tw" ed ae =o TN ed oto the entire ip is 40m, 12 Let f= si, = sand = x. The he etn side of the uation is Freeh) = sinGe-+2) = sin2e = 2s cnx; andthe righthand ie Joa [oh =sins +sinx = 2sins, The wo ser ae not eqn, the given snement i fase 12 Let be the statement hat 7 — 1s vise by 6 + 5, sme decaute 7! — 1 = 6is vibe by 6 1 Asoume Ss sue, thats | sve by 6. In ater words, *~ 1 = in fr sme postive integer Then HY! =] = T= = (6m + 1: 7=1 =m 46 = 6m +1), which divisible by 690 Say itr, + Therefore, by mathematical indi, 7 = 1 dvs by 6 for evry poste ite 1M LetS beth statement 1434 $4404 n= N=? + Sistem (2(1)~ I] == F Assume Ses tg his 14345-4054 QE 1) 2 Then V434S oot ODIO DH) HES FOLD FORD =P eae D= ee? which shows that ste. + Therefore, by mathemati induction, 143.4 5-4 + Qn ~ 1) = for every postive inger ® 18 fo) = 9 ad fons) = ona) frm = 01,2 A) = UO) = f(x?) = (2)? = a4, A) = AD = fle!) = (4) =x, Bo) = ED = fo 8) = (8? =a". Ths a pena fora is fs) = 2 16) fol) = 1/2~ 1 ad fogs = foo fa em = 0,12, ivealg)>ai a Sb 3-2 IG=m-E=9 fore w(258 ee ‘Tons we cnjcie ht he pena amu ef) = =P =“To prove this, we we the Pinipeof Mathematical Indction. We have aed ved thf ste for by ime ‘n= 1 Assume tha the foal iste or n= Kha fa (2) = pnwrace soe since (pthc) = k42-Ge de ky2-@4 De BEF U+ De] UF TH by FIR ODE “his shows thatthe oul fr J sve form = A+ 1, Theefre,by mathematica induction, tbe oma is tev for al postive letegers » tachi n “fe rm he pap we can make several chains ‘The values as = keep increasing ws nceases. ‘+ The vera xympoe gets closer = Im increases. ‘+ The horizontal ammo ets loser to y= Hs increases ‘+ Thesintercep for fs isthe valu ofthe vena agmpce for f. “+The yatrap for fi the vale ofthe horizontal rym fo fst===: Limits and Rates of Change ‘The Tangent and Velocity Problems 1. (a) Using P (15,25, we ens the fellowing tbe: (6) Prom he graph, we cam etinate the slope ofthe angen lin t Probe Pans. 0 20 2s} @s.2) x0| 60.0 eeueteecsey (©) Using he ves of at cnespond othe pois closest oP (= 10and1 = 20), wehove Bas 4 (278) 33, 2 )Soge= MEG MB nepeT Sipe = BSH = AP os (0 Spe = BE AF = 7 (0 Seye= MBA = HF Frome tweet ete’ het ns deem 6 hamlet berg ale re he pe’ er e's on 2. For the curve y = J and the point P (4,2): © (0) hedge ape [ts @ om 7-26 46-908 @| 5 | 6 2a000y | oxmose 45 | as21an% | ors 41 | 1,206) | o24eas7 401 | 01,2009 | o2ee 44001 | (.o01,2.000280) | 0.249984 3 | trey — | ors 3s | Gs.1a70as) | oases 39 | G9,197482) | orsise 399 | G9, .992088 | 0250156 3.989 | (199, 1999730) | 0.230016 yabett4 CHAPTER? wnaTs ORAS FOUL 4 Forte curve y= I/x on the point P (0,2: o (©) The slope appears to be = e a @y-2e AOS ory te td ol? [eos = io w}it jan = ci | 09 | @s.tannin | ~2a22222 w@{os }@xizy — | -2s @ [07 | @7,r42sn) | -28sna co) | 06 | es, r6eee67) | 3389 i | 055 | (055, Lisisny | ~3.636368 in | 051 | (051, L96078H | ~3921569 Go) | 04s | (oas,z2zzz | ~canaee 0 | 049 | (049, 2090816) | ~4081683 | 5 (a Ate =2,y = 400) — 16(2)" = 16. The mee veloy beween nes 2 and 2 + his WOGHN= Er HIE MAI a vaienge Oh=05,-2H5 Wy h=01,-28605 (i) k= 005, 2481/5 (yh = 00, 28 168 (The nsantancous veloc when = 2is~24 1 Te average eos between ands +h seconds is S8+8)— O85 +4) — (88-0832) _ 58h—156en 83H? 7 7 = 88-166 -0Bhith #0 (0) Here = 1s the erage velety i 8 1.66 —O.83h = $6.34 083, O02 b= 158515 (LSE k= 0S, 58.925m/5 (6) [1 = 01, $6287 9/5 (1, LOM = 0.0, 363817 m/s (69 (1, 1001}: & = 0.01, $6.3917 m/s (0) The instrtaneous velocity afer 1 second i 634 m/s 7. Average velocity between times and 1+ is H04)=10) _ O4W/6— 1/6 _ P4343 PHM Lg * * Cy se © OUEKAAB I fonay estes ip 15h 05, (otAtr rma, Be (©) Ash eproetes ote veloc apne | @ 4SeeTON 22 THe Ma x AFONCTON 1 fg yb en 2. ny EEN =A (9) had > ne EID HE ME gray hed = owe M2 san 10-1) w= bat ope DID PB say, (0 ng it (08,0) (18 fn . sryrocme ung ne, ent vl vray = 2a Bf = 2875 . 8 Forte cae y= in /s) ante poi 0) « =e [= a 2 120 Te os | 05.0 o 1s | asoxo | uma 06 | sossay | 218 ta} aa-oom |r| |o7 |axams | 2061 13/ax-0nm |) for tory [os | 12| c2.oxs0) as | 9.0309 | som 1 | e,-0an am | oss | 21203 As approaches Ihe pes do nt apes tobe approaching any particle. We see tat problems with estimation a eased by the frequent oslo of he graph, The tangents 0 seep t P that we not to tke sales much loner Fn onder rt curt exits oft slope » (6) Ifwe chore + = 1.001, then poet Qs (1.001, 00514) an mpg % 31.3794 fx = 0.99, then Qi (0999, 00314 and mpg = ~31.4422, Averaging tes two slopes ies she estimate ~31 4108. ER The Limit of a Function 1. Asx approaches 2, (2) aproches 5 [Othe values ff (an be nae as close $a we eb aking x suicienyclowe 10 2 (bax 2)] Yes, the graph could havea ole (25) ne defined ach tht (2) = 3 2 Ax approaches fom the let / (2) approaches 3; and as approaches | fom the ah, 2) approaches 7. No, the imi does not exist because tee night had eis ve erent.6 © uarrens wus WO MTESOFHMNDE 22) im, (2) = 20 means ta he aes off) canbe mae abil (0 age we please) y taking {sant lose 1 3 (bt not equa t9 3). (© sim, J (2) = ~20 means tat he vals ff) cam be ma aii la eine by aking feficely cast rough ves Inger than 4 £0) inf) =3 © tm soyes © ig Foy=2 (4 ti, dos ot et bess his inp a ar (ae at ge. eso=3 So Im so)=3 © lig £0) =2 © i, F0 (inf) don exit sce he its inp () ant pct () a maa @so-t © m_f0= lin, foy=—t © tm fe) ofenes 600 te, = © in, 20 © lim, 80) doses r= (9 jm ew=1 © im 00) =2 © myst) coomreaix mean2 im, 2) dct exit © im 209 © sO doers © Jima =0 2.) ag) =2 © sin re on © im s@=t (0 i 76)=2 © down cnt ease the sin pa) nd pat (noe 26) Jim ee) =0 © im £609 = 00 (fin, £(0) = 00 @ fies) = -00 (6) The equation ofthe vera aympnes: x = =5,x =O, = 4 a) tim Fe) = 00 0) fin, (2) = =00 (0 im Se) = 00 (tin, 2) = 00 © tig, 70) = 20 (0 The equation of he vera! anmpoter: x = -9,x = 4, ¢=3,x-=7 SO mgd, J) = 20 mg Ths iso at rs an arp chan a arnt of dag inthe patient's Modem at = 12%, Te left-hand tin represen the amount of be dg jst fre the forth njston. The ighcand lint represents the aunt fhe drag just afer the fourth injection.ec hiaeinecel & tre og roves ihm pate nt rosea a ‘i rm ‘ SLES, 7 1 i ane wreroe gts Ta] ee ar fas] fis 5 te caaee |b ee es ts [oamon| | ou | menor S| zeal [2 Ge |Sae tm |ooman| [101] ane ae Sa Appa ttoy 5! = 0T =}eo curren? wars ons FONE See] [sae rama 3s |-ausn| [2s | 2000 12 | ene 3 [ama] [2 | “son wa ass 35 | aoa | | us| asoes vat jase 3a | ams] [x] 200 ta [eae Wappen hate, Fe) = D004 wanes SS Tra as [eaves ts va pee oe | ean ts [seuss &3 | “ens t2 | aanne 2 | “trans a: | eovas oi | tome pr pe tos| as tot | eons ped eve cose = 3)-9 0889 3 5 > 0 = s-1 x Aad woo since? + Ont > << Ofer Das x + 2 andsins > Ofor0 Worx < tan fers > 2,30, 7 9 = 0, Ao, a8 5 = 52° the denominator apronches Dam y 09 | snsi 0999 | 3.90280 09989 | so90as tor | ears 1.001 | e030 % 1.000 | 6 c00s| rom he able an the raph, we gues hat he i 6. 2. (0 Werestionne 55 < 1 65, Fo he gph we obtain tempest pots of erection {P (09913853, 3.) and 0 (1.064004, 6.5). Now I~ 0.915853 ~ 0.0688 and 1.0619004 — 1 0.069, 30 by routing that xbe wii 00649 1, we ere ati within O06, Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws 1 (0) Hn L7G) HCI) = fi 7) + i © on eo? = [in Foo] = 3 =9 rw 4-2 © in rw fee po © Srey aay" ee 2 () Lim/) + £00) = lim f 0) + Jim 90) 2+ (© i (2) does no exist shove its et and right-hand mi ar ot gual the hen iit dsm exist. © Im eC) (@ Sie in, ¢ (3) = 0 and g isin the denominator, he given init Joes mat exist ie, £6): tin 9) = 0-13, 06 tye) = [ag [nyse] 2-20 © fim SIFT) = SF RTO = IFT =? 2 fin (02 — 26 +3) = fi 50? — Hi 2 +8 (Cimie Laws 28 1) ins? 2 fig 43 oan = 58-20) 43075 oxy4 CMAPTER? WUT ANOMTES FONE 4 i, (+ 2) (02 — 55) = tg (+2) ti (2 5) ~(ars) (ne-oy) = (P42) (7-5-3) ceenein 6 lin (S859) - [Sees] lin @T3E 3) -(Gsr4) = (8-5 2. a4 09 (1) = 41 (P=) = [ayes] eo ~[sst iT Lanse, 1-94 P(e - = =VOFICH TE 8 i AER fig eH = 2 ie, METIS ar) (imitLew 4) ere) Oran o a7ay was 289 oan ® © aay aa ay 243) oan a ® oan{461023 CAOKATAGUMITSUSIG DELAATLANS 88 1 (2) The end side of the equation ot ie for x = 2, tut the rgd ide (©) Since the equation holds forall x, follows that bah sso the ution approach he sare init a8 ++ 2,jstas in Example 3, Remember that in ding i (2), we never eonir x = a 2 2. 1 tn, AP sna sie 43-6 Oba 412-9 Manso 3 m2 Bm Taane MG DGED ATS Me tg Eo? pg EMERY yg 212 182, vm CDG) yaa Ges) Her (1+ 4a 4H) apg ter ewen an = Jig dts eue eyes hs O24 “ ig 124 644 02) = 2 taba aire SoD aims ase =5 = BRA Se GFDG-D( +4) Saar a esngtey G94 yg MEDEA AT a3 IRAs igen oon tee f inachesn:inacnern MT wf (1 VIF (1+ VIF Me a Seay MTR TD “t = Sit May FO ig 60429 024) = fn Gx +2) im (2 +4)se OMAPTER2 UTS ANOMTESOFCHINOE atin TEES fig =O om BB EASES ROHS pelea eigaa eae +m] ” —jRBOrH tim 20-27) _ yp HELL 3 = A, i [VF (14+ VF 42)) = MCLE DNS Another Meth: We "x34 sabes” athe numer, and then pit wp the fraction: =I + (1-2) | =m] eH “4 (4V)arpes ® = To, woot | sees 00001 | 06556167 0.00001 | 0.6555617 0.000001 | 0.655662 000001 | 0.6656672 o.o00m | 06656717 0001 | 066567 oon | 06671663 ‘Tein appear to be § ig TERA) _ yg VTE) IB Geie=1 rn Jin TEE) (init Le 3) =1[ + oy] aw = (E+) san STFS O41) wan =jSEcMON23 CACULATRO UMTS NG ME MUTANS OF aw P 7 7) Toor | Cassese oom | o2sers =n0o001 | 0.2erse a ' 0.000001 | 0.288752 " ‘roon001 | 0.28g67st tin 222-929 0.00001 | o.2886749 eS ooo | o2ssera7 001 | o2msstt ‘The tint apens tobe aprosioately 0.2887 Wi Gass) im 04923 1 on(7 Be) ea) OST fy! : (Limi Las 81) pa aay “ET area “i Let (0) = VET FH, 0) = VTE snr), a Gy = VOTH. Then 1 5 singe /a) 5 » VOTH LTTE sine (0) TEE (8) $462) $ WU), Sosince im f (0 = igh (2) =, by the Suceze Theorem we ne ji (2) = 0 Mis so) 52842042067 ain (42542) = in 2242 Jon Non, 2 +2 (21) 42 = 1 Thre by the Sener Therein, 0) = ow in =2 CMArreR? \naTs MOIATESOF ANGE Hae < f0) 52°42 forOS 1 52 Now fn 3x San a (02 $2) = fg + fi, 2 = 423 ‘Tere, bythe Squeeze Theorem, lim fe) = 3. B15 coniny s1 oe —14 Athen e+ = 24,50, i, fA = im, 44) = Ma < tthe 4h (648400 i EAN ta, 64) = = (4) = ‘ice the righ sf ints are equa, i, +4] = 0. ; 44 i tee, Sea ae Mite Qin in (7) = 20 , (© (Sie sens = Hors > 0, in seo = im, Y= (i Sie sgn = foe <0, ig sen = i i Sine sens oi, en eg oe ot exit (Sines agnst fr 90 i en = iif) = in, = 3) im 3 os = 2 (© i (doesnot cx base J) mf). 5 0 tim, = in 22 ° 0 ES Gan eae he No nF) dentine, im 8) im FC) 69 0) ig AO = Jig Pe 0 » (8 ig 62) = i 3 = 0.0m (3) =. (i) fs? = 1? = 1 im We) = eg == (© in, HG) = im, B= 3) =8-2 26 (0 Sic (2) eM), des ote. 2fee-2.$ x <-1,30, kn Ee =f (2) 2 3Mae—3 $x <-2.50 in [eH= tim (-3) == Teri and et iis are trent 59 Hof oes ntexist. i Ee = -3 r-3 5x < 2.50 Ed ©) @Bdan—torn—1 MD ub », 093 o =item (oU=1009 53 - 1000-35072 <100048 = (ers (Hi = 11796 ss rans. — J 001s wf — [7 ~00UsS. Sot mci ee eras within 04S cme 1741, es wil win? 100 (@) isthe rao, f(s than i the tare rao given in part (a, Ls the age area (1000) is the tolerance i the tea (5), and 3sthe tolerance inthe rads even in par (. Se ee Tidus sae Cameethn omc tosutogsrem heer emomeea Seams = Sooraeee “8, = Scns = oe teuaeroeaos ses sestcemeus alenenare j r= 2) < 6/3. Soif we choose 6 = 6/3, then x ~21< 5 => a ie 1G ~2)~ 41 0, we ne b> O such that i — 4} < 3 then WS=25)- CD] <0 oe [Beas ce oe Bed ce eo WM 0, weneed 3 > Oh that fx — (1) <4 then WSe+8)—S WSe40)=31 <0 Tha, im (Se +8) =3 by the deinton ofa iitSECTION 24 TEPRECSE AFRETONOFAUNAT Ow 1. Givene > 0, we need 3 > Och hat fx = (1) <4 then WO=4)=7 cc fender @ dietilce WC < 4/4, Schoo d= 6/4 Then|s= (I< 6 HO = 42) ~ Omeneed > Omch iat < je —3) memes > Orch haif0- [n=O Owe nseds> Osuhibictts (591 we eds > Och ti @venets> Owed tee hn ole So loa 24. Givene > 0, we need d > Osuch hat fx ~ af < Bthene~ ct < ut e~ el = 50 hs wil etre mater what # we lek. 5 Givens > 0, wencedS> Och ttf] < ten fx? 0] 0, we need > Onich haf el < Sten |x? —O] 0, we need > O such thai ~ 0) < Sth al Ol Ong ned > Orb hd i19=4 54 <9.then | YI=F-O| <0 we WHT Owe rool Osh ifje 2] Owensedd > neck elif fx 3] Owe med > Osa ait = (29 < Seen? = 1) 3] Osc tat fs — 2} <8 then [1 — 8] Obs given Weave fina mamber 3 > O such at | Baa] m2 |" Br | me <.Wetinda postive const C sachin tot < Che = Mom we can make Chr = 2) Owe d= min (12) 1F0-< be 21 < Aste fe = 2h 1 =e 1 bam f= Na < farm ie stows tera s oh < }(mimpan 1) Aber -21 < 2.50] ii 3" pie Eada eels that Hi /) = |sevonas vemeoeormoLonuat © a 31. Guersing a valve for 8 Given e > 0, we mast find 5 > Osuch that | JF — JG] < © whenever Octet |Vt~ Jan SEA tn bb New mn ato ee > Com BoA CEA nde al < Ce et mt rg wie necro r= fat cc fo Fit da> [les Aimtenc = flo tee mntie cartons So Wrnat« (Jfo+va)e mona overs =ait(/fo+6)o] (V! bod be vee de> fis emtape atime < ([Forv)am fa Wt ae Hein ae (Warts Jay % Sapp tt fi 10) = 1 Gone = ihe isd > Osh td << => WH) } L-femetsytaacrcaminntuol LtedercaHMaae 1=$<0 = L< 4. Tscemad > | Tenor 1 doesent exit 2 Showing that 3 works Given € > 0, weet = 8) e] octe-at chen + Therein, im JE = J by the defn ofa ti M, Sappo that lim, (s) = E Given = J thr exis 3 > Osach that 0 J. Ths coneadis 1< |. s0 im /(0) eso ext 23. Fit apps ta ig) fT pene > Othe eis > Oso that < fee < Bo Yer= Ul Ode hen ices) = Lhe > O50 tata Osothate wemmetd > Oneh a3) < 9 6043)> AE Now ba na ar \ 1 1 i erred o Wn bm gh Tend ctl ae"2 caaprene nas nenaes of OMNCE aida ceieiinsimrecnsonctaaw 0 Lauer fPareiae ww 3 5 3 ae fE me t-seretie [Rerttco > yen 3 tin AS-aa (2 (0) Lethe pivem Since fin, (2) = 2, there exists dy > Osc tat 0 < Ix — a < by J4s) > M416, Since fi (4) there exis & > Osuchidat < hx —al Ie ts)—el <1 fla) > ¢~ 1. Let dhe the smaller of and dp. ThenO (+ 10) + = 1) = M, Ts, fm Lf (+ 291 = 86 (@) Let A> Obe piven Since ing) =e > O hee exis > Osuch that < fe—al <= IgG) 6/2 Since fim f(r) = 00, there exis > Och tat 0 < br — Bla) <€/2 Since Jim J) 00, there exis bs > Ouch that 0 < Ix — a < br o> /G)> IN je (Notethate 0) Letd m= min, d5) Then <0, there exits > Osuch that 0 < fra <3) = Octemah edo fd 2V/e oe Joram Ko iJ = 25 continuity _ 1. Free Equation 1 om (0) = £0. 2. Thegraphot fdocon'thave any hols jumps, or vertical anmpotes 13. () The flowing or the numbers t which fi iscotimuous an he ype of dscomimuty at tht munber 5 Gump, —3 Giant, —1 (undefined) 3 (emoable) 5 ifn. 8 Gump), 10 (endeined) (©) Ft onus fom the let at ~$ and ~3, and continuous rm the right a is cntinaous ran nner 1). 1,3), SF and (8,7). 6 1secrion2s conrmuy oo i} an (0) There are dscominutis a= 1,2,3, and 4. A person a pking inthe lot would want epi mind hat the - ‘harge wil jump a the begining of ach hour ‘(Continuous the location in question, the emperatine changes smothy aime pases, without sy !mstuntncous jumps from one terperatre eather (©) Coetinvous: the emperatoe aa specifi tine changes smoathly athe sane de west fn New York City increas, witout any inantancos jumps. () Discotinuus. 1s the distance duc west from New York City increas, he atte above sea level may jmp ‘rom oe eight o another witout oing though al fhe intermediate values — al lil for xp, (@) Discosinous asthe distance traveled increases, the ct ofthe ie jumps i mal increment. (€) Discotinous, when the lights are switched on (or of, the ue sudenly changes Between and sec ‘onzeo vac, without passing tugh al ofthe intermediate aes, This debatable, hough, depending on YOU dfn of eure 18 Since f and ar continous factions, {in (2/ 2) ~ e(0)1=2 i, 7) fn, (2) Cy Lit Lams 2 & 3) =2/.G)~ 2.0) (by cotiulty of fandg atx = 3) =2:5-46) 210-60) WIP 6)= £G)1=4 weave 1060) = or gO) = 6. i, (0) fin 4 VIR) = fs? + ig Tagh = + VIET = 4 F=f, Bye ‘Ko contin, coins ate = 4 M1. en, 02) i, (6-420) = (im, x +2 tm) = [142-0] = (ay 81 = 11. By the io of con, contin ato = = Hert i! ag os * Fin tag ~ Fara 2 ime) = fg St £ (0, $ogiscorinsous at fae 18 Fort Ot L/lo4 W)~ Fal < Soi he ~ al Othe tra Bee) ease continvous at 0. To see why, note that |x} < S| the steym (0 eter canna. Tost yn =e << sty Spe Tew ie (1)= 0 = (0 ae comes ove i rife Od > te neal (e= de Pcrmin btn mayan ad nat ery rin ember Sieg () = Be ‘er inlay mer wie ol «Sang () eta > Tm) inch amber Aint qution + He ee a= 20 Latte US fein teed 7). Now (02) =~! cl f(-¥) => 0 Naw) pooma and es coninao. $a ye termed Ve Ter ere anaberc twen=2 and sch fe) = oencnesh 53 a, Fe) = digs) = 0.0 fF) = hs Fan ne Fiscoinamsts = Se Fra> 0S FG) = figs am FC). Fore <0 fim FO) = in a) = a= Fo), Tan tha ets ee (Ame cnn neal Ten efi 1/ (=| 7) = 1 y Tere 7 (fa main eter oes int) S comin iarze ‘toot continuo at = 0a 1 <0 : F becom a (Noth comer fs. For example, the inction (2). L001 = is continu oo6 © OMArTER2 us Wo MSOF OMNI ‘2. Deine (tobe the monk's stance frm the monsy 8. fancton of ime, 0 th frst day, and defn d (10 ‘eis distance rom the monastery, ition of ine onthe second ey Lt D be the distance rom he ‘momasiery tothe op ofthe mountain. From the given information we know thal () =O, (12) = D, (0) = D nd (12) = 0. Now consider he fnction u— whichis elerycominwous, We aula that («= d)(0) =D and (w~ (12) = D. Soy the Imre Valve Theoret st be some ety ‘between amd 2 such hat (uA) (0) = 0 <2 a) =). Soat time afer 7:0 6 the monk wll be athe same place on bth days Tangents, Velocities, and Other Rates of Change ay _ f= s0) 1. (a) This isjstte slope ofthe lin trough to pits: mig = nat () Tis ithe int ofthe slope of he scat ne Pa Q appronces Pat Ki farh-S@) {2 The slope at D iste largest past slope followed by the postive slope aE. The slope at C20. The lope at Bisstxper than 4 (bth ae neptve) In decreasing one, we have the slopes at: D, EC, A B 44 The cue looks mor lke a ine a the viewing rstange gs small. LEY= SP) _ gy (2429) 0 5) Ome im, L34+H-SEY +hP +2(-34+)]-@) (im fg LENA LED pg [ed tw 429 4] =) IaH 6423 MOO Sa RR mt (0) The equation of he nga ines © Pre pod = Ae +S ory = te 9. asSEETON2E TENTS WADOTES AND THERAAES OF OUNGE 7 tm DUE et I) 60) Om = im, lin (a4 a3 fig LEVEN = LEN) _ yy C1 = Bowes sete et Be = fim, (3443) =3 om Oy =3e-Coy =e pase? 2. Using, sna tn LOL) yy (W283) Pmt ae Ae Sree a aad in, (-a4)=10 Thus a equation ofthe tage! iy +7 = 10¢5 +2) ory = 10413 Abernate Sion Using 2), Let D= 10) yg SPM ALD | yp [Io2E2+H = 3024 H7]- aie “i * a coetme D7. yg MEME ao gine = (ve a TT” Wry In EST =-te- Heroes ve a-nasn 2 Uae th en, = ea aoe 7. aera 7 ‘Thus, an equation ofthe tangent lines y— j= 4(r42) = y= fet. tin 0-9-0 = "2 TCI" waeM6 cuaprER? vans RWS 0 OUNE 12) Laing). O) Oe wen (rm) mat42(-s)<0 Giyeat ae mates 1 ose Wests), (=e) temo (ole tar et) 46 Ba (Sr ()A1(1,=2) m= (1 =A = 1, swan equation of the tangent ine (2) QaaNe=l) eo pear LAQN: = 8. soa uation ofthe tangent ies TeR(e-2) os ynke 15 14 (a) Using ed, my we-ur!! OMAMaAB-IEPM =e y-I=te-9 0 + {rmels-2-00% = ho }‘SETON 26 THENTS, OOTES, MO OMENRATES OFOMNGE © 18 (2) Since the slope ofthe tangent ats = 060, he car's il velocity was 0 (The slope ofthe tangents peter at than a 50 the er was ping fase at (4) New 4 the tangent tins ar econming steeper 2. Increases, the velocity was increasing othe car wat ‘speeding up. Neat 8 the agent lines are becoming les sce, 0 the car war showing down. The steepest ‘tangent neat Cis the on at C, 0a the car had jus Hihed spending up and was about 6 sat slong Som, (4 Beamcen D and th slope of the anges 0.5 the car dno move during tha ne * ‘Let dene se dstance acd fom 10016 1:02, 6 frm 1.2810 130, and rm 1:30:35, whet al he times ae relive to = 0. the begining ofthe wip. M7 Lets () = Aor = We? #)= tim =-8lin 21 1) 24 Thus istantancous velocity when = 2s ~24 fs cn) =f, =O oy ESN scanty sete Hs (0) 0(a) = fn, HOMME * am, (SES ~ 0.0" — 1.660h — OB) — (98a — 080 i * = fim (98 — 1.650 — 0.834) = 58 — La m/s (The sic th mon when he re i. as S08? =O o> 1658-08) =O 2 f= Gh=O9 Gees cote, (4 Using te ine am prt. (h) = 88~ 1.46) -stms, ~S8 m/s Ths th row wil ave 2 velo affe mpren2 unis mops oF OUNCE she = py =H yg MAD 2— HO) A ab a 4 4.608 42a)? ogee eee iy EA HEU tah 48 46) 2 +8) m Soo (I) = 1208 +6 18 m/s 0Q) = 120 +6 54/5 and) = RGF +6= 1 m/s, 20. (a) The average velocity Between tines and + is 0+ —5 =r wen? 7 Cr+ h— a) mys Opa aan 3= 1 mothe average w=) locity i620) +1 ms ahh Kasi (i) [15,4 1 = 35,4 Oso the average velocity et 1s28.)405-8=-05m/s, sane Gil) (4.5 1 = 4h = 1, 50 the average velocity is o 5 2+ atm i) (45h £4. = 0, 20th average velocity bs 24) 403 -8= 03 m/s 2. The shtch shows the graph fo arom temperate 12. Te slope ofthe tangent (ats. the ate of (172 ad cgerao temperature OF 38° The ‘tang of temperature wih respect time at nial rate of hang preter mage than the 1 = Thscems wo be about rate of hanger an out el = 07min‘ETON 26 UNGENTS WLCOTES ANDCTER ESCH GE OY 29-11 aw ORM Sry «18.10 12578 iy 0.94 92 Lm (©) Inthe iat, we enimate 1 be (18,185) and 8 8 23,6). Sothe slope is SSS = 1 grat (©) Using the vale rom (aan (ai, we have seins 7 oo” AC _ C1405) — C400) _ 660125 ~ 6500 50 9 SE SU CUO) $025 6 20.25 ac ca) = =O spe 01 _ an 80) 000A. sans mms0eigo Soe ammo o angeisi U+B =CUOD‘ournen2 ars wont oMe may avusn=roy=sonao(t—"i4) — as (1- 2) +h want sie Aja, eB jou (1 we ‘iar )-(' w sia) = ( 33S * i) = Bn (1204214) = APA 20420+ mY Dividing 4 ty hand hen ting» 0, we seta insane af chang i 6) eatin 7 iow rat atmin) [| Water remaining V0) ca) oy} ams 700,00 w| 0 -amt 4nd wl -amz aud so) 16868 23,000 wo} -mt wo] = 3383 amt « ° ° ‘The magitade ofthe Bow ate is greats a the bean and gradually decrees to 2 Review SS CONCEPT CHECK ee a) = U: Se Defion 221 ad Figure 1 ain Section 22 (ef) = 1: Sete ang afer eto 222 a igen eto 22. (0 lim f(0) = 1: Se Deion 222 a Fig 96) Seton 22. (4) Lif (2) = 0: See Definition 2:24 and Figure 12 Seton 22. (© Jim, fa) = ~2e: See Definition 22$ and Figure 13 in Seton 22. 2. See Definition 226 and Figures 12-14 in Section 22. 18 (a)-(g) Sov thesatement of Lit Laws 6 nd 11 in Seton 23, | See Theorem 3in Section 23. 15 (a) A fenton fs contin ta umber i f(x get hse f(a) a gets chs a, hats iim [0 = fa) (A inction f iconv on the itera (~20,00) ffs como at evry el number 2 The raph of such fiction sn rea and every Yr ie esses 1 See Theorem 25.10, 2, See efaition 24 1 Seethepangraph cnaring Forma 3 Section 28, 8) The nrg of hang fy wih epct x oe te intel ons LOL) (6) Te instatancous rt of change oy with respect tox atx = nisi, PUDI= LH)OMAPTERE Reve © Sl TRUE-FALSE QUIZ oe 1. Fale, Limit Law 2aplics oly ifthe inividualins exist hese don.) 2 Fas, Limit Law 5 cannot be applied he nt of he denominator i (itis) 2 True Limit Law 5 applies, 4 True The limit oes’ exist since fs) / (dos approach ny rea mumber a. approaches. (The enamine appeasches 0 andthe mimcratr docs) at > =). by Example 3 in Seton 22, we know tha he ate eit Vineil=fa[4-0 1] heim teri 19 =O ot exis 30 / (6) 6) #1 1. Tre. A polynomial continous evrywher, im p(x) exists nd is equ op). omit 6) 01 = ($=), init et tf ni tec 1 mie 70) | YOY 18 in hein / meteor eal ae hen Fecal shines Se, Ue Thro 25H th 26 San 0) == 1 Nt 4 3 dd 12m Unter VT ab 12 ye eit wh = He rae Foros 70) | 1° ren fs) > Hora bt 2 treo yo There ino number 0,3] with fe) = 0 since 3 0, we need) > Osothaife — 8} [O4=27)=8 0 we mast ind 4 > O10 that fx Of Wl = |G) <0. Sombed me: then |x — Omit? a |YF-0|=|YR]= YR < Wane. ‘heer by the inion oft, = BL. Given > 0, weneed 3 > Oso that if x 2) <#then fx? — aLex-2 [eM <2 Nowled=minle/2.M, Then|e—2)<6 = JP 3 Cd) a= 6 = DI= 1-2 MA)=e Ths fim (4? —3u) = =2'by the defn of limit 2]

One sets > Osh 0 <4 —4< Sth 2W/F=T> Me Thine <> V=<2/AC 21-4 <4/1F. Solve chooe b= A/MEthen0 M, Soby the tion aia QA =9) = 6 2B.) f0) = Hits <0, fe) 3064 <3, fe) =~ HP a> 3. ©) im, (0) = tin B= 0 (i in 0) = i FO i Bees of) ani nF) doesnot xs (9 i f)= hig O=2)=0 6 im, £0) in = 398 0 (0) Bocas ofan (i (2) = (©) Fsomtiuows 0 sic i, (0) cs ei. 8 © icontineows a3 since f (3) does not exis. MG) gwd HO SHS 2gWIR2—KID eS, £0) 8410 cx cA pts) a ifs 2 Therefor, San es) = fin (28 =?) = and ag (8) = tin, @—) = 0. Ths im) =O e902 feeominwo a2 tem (0) = tin =) = an am.) = in, (r= 4) = =I. Ths, 9 (0) = =I = #00), 50 conto 3, rm (54) = adi 4) = iy = Ts i) does ot x 0 is Scones at. But im, (5) = x = e450 is comtinao frm the righ a tn ge) =5 CHAPTER2 ums MOMMIES OFOMNDE 25. = is comtinsous on R siesta pyomia and os also eatinuouson Rs the product cassis omtnaouson R. The root fintion 0. Sob the Ietermedit Vale Theorem thre mare in (0,1) sch that “{4e) =0, thats. the uation sax = 3~ 2x haa root in (0. 1). 28. (a) The slope ofthe angen line at. 1) 5 LQ)= SO) gg 9B ae? “2 = =24-DEED Bor Rar Tar A 2 = fin, 20042) = (©) Am equation of this tangent in ity — 1 = -8(4 = 2) ory = Re +17 ‘38. Fora guna point with s-coodint a we have 3-03) _ 4, 21 —38)-20 38) T=yI=G=—) 6 a 8 @=3yd =H ~ Tay “7 eya ew Fora =0,a1 = 6and /(0) = 2,501 spuation ofthe tangent ini ~2 = 6 ~0) oy = 6 +2. For tom | and (== §,s0aneqution fhe tangent ineiny =} = J 0+ tory = fx +f. 3 (a) = 144204 FA The average oct ovr the ie neal [11+ Ais HUEW—Hl) 1420 AYLI DA IOLEH O84 6s etn meat aver ees oe (MLS (042)4=3 m/s (i011, 155 10405) /4= 2625/8 8.25 G04 927875 CUA 040194 = 283818 s04n- (0) When ety watt nasa {2 (a) When I” increases rn 200? wo 250i, we have AV’ = 250 ~ 200 = $0? and since P = 800/17, ‘0 $00 ; Arr = P50) ~ P00) = $20 — 890 524.0 oN Wj So the average of change is 08 oye Bt e006