Building System

Design
2nd Semester (SY 2021-2022)
 NATIONAL
STRUCTURAL CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES
Section 411
WALLS
 WALL
-a vertical element designed to resist
axial load, lateral load, or both, with a
horizontal length-to-thickness ratio
greater than three, used to enclose or
separate spaces.
Section 411.3.1.1
Minimum Wall
Thickness
 Load-bearing walls support the weight of a floor or
roof structure above and are so named because
they can support a significant amount of weight

a non-load-bearing wall, sometimes called a partition

wall, is responsible only for holding itself up, plus a few
lightweight items like shelves, pictures, and interior
doors.

A foundation wall is the masonry or concrete walls

below the ground level. These walls serve as the main
support for a structure of your home.
REVISED NATIONAL
PLUMBING CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES
CHAPTER 4
PLUMBING
FIXTURES
 Section 401
Materials-General
Requirements
Section 401
Quality of Fixture - plumbing fixtures shall be
manufactured of dense, durable, non-absorbent
materials and must have smooth impervious
surfaces, free from unnecessary concealed fouling
surfaces. Except as permitted elsewhere in this
Code/ all fixtures shall conform in quality and
design to nationally recognized applicable
standards or to other approved standards
acceptable to the Administrative Authority.
Section 401

All porcelain enamel surfaces on plumbing fixtures

shall be acid resistant.

Water closet bowls fur public use shall be the

elongated bowl types equipped with open-front
seats. Water closet seats shall be of smooth non
absorbent material and properly sized for the water
closet bowl used.
 Section 402
Materials-
Alternatives
Section 402
Soapstone is a metamorphic rock consists
primarily of talc

Special-use fixtures may be made of soapstone,

chemical stoneware or may be lined with lead,
copper base alloy, nickel-copper alloy, corrosion
resisting steel or other materials specially suited for
the use which the fixture is intended.
Section 402

Restaurant kitchen and other special-use sinks may

be made of approved-type bonderized and
galvanized sheet steel of not less than Gauge No.
16 U.S. B&S or 1.6 mm thick. All sheet metal
plumbing fixtures shall be adequately designed,
constructed and braced in an approved manner to
satisfactorily accomplish the intended purposes.
Section 403
Overflows
Section 403
When any fixture is provided with an overflow outlet,
the waste shall be so arranged that the standing water
inside the fixture cannot rise inside the overflow way
when the stopper is closed nor remain inside the
overflow way when the fixture is empty. The overflow
pipe from a fixture shall be connected to the house or
inlet side of the fixture trap. Water Closet or Urinal flush
tanks shall discharge into the bowls or wares served by
them, but it shall be unlawful to connect such overflows
with any other part of the drainage system.
 Section 404
Strainers and
Connections
Section 404.1

Strainer - all plumbing fixtures other than water closets

and siphon action washdown or blowout urinals, shall be
equipped with approved strainers having an approved
waterway area. The strainers serving shower drains shall
have waterway equivalent to the area of the tailpiece;
(meaning, the sum of all the areas of the perforations of
the strainer is equivalent to the outlet area) .
Section 404.2

Connections - Fixtures having concealed slip joint

connections shall be provided with an access panel or
utility at least 0.3 meter in its least dimension and
arranged so that the connections are readily accessible
for inspection and repair.
Section 404.3
Continuous waste and fixture tailpiece shall be
constructed from the materials specified on this Code
for drainage piping, provided however, that such
connections where exposed or accessible may be of
seamless drawn brass not less than Gauge No. 20 B & S
or 0.8 mm in thickness. Each such tailpiece, continuous
waste or waste and overflow shall not be less than 38
mm O.D. for sinks, dishwashers, laundry tubs, bathtubs,
urinals and similar fixtures., and not less than 32 mm
O.D. for lavatories, drinking fountains and similar small
fixtures brass or copper shall not be used for urinal
tailpiece or trap .
Section 404.4

Approved wye or other directional-type branch

fittings shall be installed in all continuous wastes
connecting or receiving the discharge from food
waste disposal units, dishwashers, clothes washers
or other forced-discharge fixtures or appliances. No
dishwasher drain shall be connected to a sink
tailpiece, continuous waste or trap on the
discharge side of a food waste disposal unit.
 Section 405
Prohibited Fixtures
 Back Siphonage -- The flowing back of used,
Section 405.1 contaminated, or polluted water from a plumbing
fixture or vessel or other sources into a potablewater
supply pipe due to negative pressure in such pipe.

Use of water closets having invisible seats or

unventilated space or having walls, which are
not thoroughly washed out at each discharge,
shall be prohibited. Any water closet, which
might permit siphonage of the contents of the
bowl back into the water tank, shall be
prohibited as well as trough urinals. Drinking
fountains shall not he installed inside public
toilet rooms. unhygienic and impractical
Section 405.2
Fixed wooden, concrete, cement, or tile wash
trays or sinks for domestic use shall not be
installed in any building designed for human
habitation. No sheet metal lined wooden
bathtubs shall be installed or reconnected. No
dry or chemical closet (toilet) shall be installed
in any building for human habitation, unless first
approved by the Health Officer or
Administrative Authority.
A chemical toilet collects human excreta in a holding tank and uses
chemicals to minimize odors.
Building System
Design
2nd Semester (SY 2021-2022)
Building System
Design
2nd Semester (SY 2021-2022)
REVISED NATIONAL
PLUMBING CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES
CHAPTER 4
PLUMBING
FIXTURES
 Section 407
Installation
Section 407.1

Cleaning - plumbing fixture shall be installed in a

manner to provide easy access for repair and
cleaning. Where practical, all pipes from fixtures
shall be run parallel and dose to the nearest wall or
building line.
Section 407.2

Joints - where a fixture comes in contact with the

wall or floor, the joint between the fixture and wall
or floor shall be made watertight.
Section 407.3
Securing Fixtures - floor outlet or floor mounted
fixtures shall be rigidly secured on the drainage
connection and floor when so designed with the
use of adequately-sized screws or expansion bolts
of copper, brass or other equally corrosion-resistant
material.
Section 407.4
Wall-Hung Fixtures - wall-hung fixtures shall be
rigidly supported by metal supporting members or
chairs so that no bending or pullout strain is
transmitted to the wall. Approved non-corrosive
screws or bolts shall secure water closet and urinal
flush tanks and similar appurtenances.
Section 407.5
Setting - fixtures shall be set level and in proper
alignment with reference to adjacent walls. No
water closet or bidet shall be set closer than 0.315
meter from its center to any side wall or obstruction
nor closer than 0.7 meter center to center to any
similar fixture. No urinal shall be set closer than 0.3
meter from its center to any sidewall or partition nor
closer than 0.6 meter center to center.
Section 407.6

Supply Fittings - the supply lines or fittings for every

plumbing fixture shall be installed to prevent
backflow.
Section 408
Urinals
Section 408.1

Automatic Flushing Tanks - tanks flushing more

than one urinal shall be automatic in operation and
of sufficient capacity to provide the necessary
volume of water to flush and properly cleanse all
urinals simultaneously. Automatically controlled
flushometer valves maybe substituted for automatic
flush tanks.
Section 408.2

Flushometer Valves -no manually controlled

flushometer valve shall be used to flush more than
one urinal and each such urinal flushometer valve
shall be approved, self-closing type discharging a
predetermined quantity of water.
 Section 409
Floor Drains And
Shower Stalls
 Section 409.1
Floor drains shall be considered plumbing fixtures and each
drain shall be provided with an approved-type and hinged
strainer plate having the sum of the areas of the small holes of
the strainer plate or gross waterway is equivalent to the cross-
sectional area of the tailpiece. Floor drains, floor receptors and
shower drains shall be of an approved type, the body
provided with integrally-cast water-stop outside flange around
the body at mid depth and with an inside caulk outlet to
provide a watertight joint in the floor.
Section 409.2 Fully vitrified means that your dinnerware is
non-porous. Fully vitrified dinnerware is stronger
and thinner than ware fired at lower
Shower receptors are plumbing fixtures and shall
temperatures.

conform to the general requirements therefore

contained in Table 14-4. Each shower receptor shall be
constructed of vitrified china or earthenware, ceramic
tile, porcelain-enameled metal or of such other material
as may be acceptable to the Administrative Authority.
No shower receptors shall be installed unless it conforms
to acceptable standards as required by Chapter 14 of
this Code or until a specification or a prototype or both
of such receptor is first submitted to the Administrative
Authority for approval
 A threshold is a strip of wood, stone metal and

Section 409.3 so on that forms the bottom of a doorway, which

is crossed when in entering a building or a
room. It is sometimes referred to as a door sill
or door saddle
Each shower receptor shall be an approved type and be
constructed to have a finished dam, curb or threshold
which is at least 25.4 mm lower than the outside floor at the
sides and back of such receptor. ln no case shall any dam
or threshold be less than 51 mm nor more than 228 mm in
depth when measured from the top of the dam or threshold
to the of the drain. The finished floor of the receptor shall
slope uniformly from the sides towards the drain not less
than 2% or 20 mm/m or more than 4% or 40 mm/m.
Thresholds shall be of sufficient width to accommodate a
minimum 559-mm wide door.
Section 409.3
Each shower receptor shall be an approved type and be
constructed to have a finished dam, curb or threshold
which is at least 25.4 mm lower than the outside floor at the
sides and back of such receptor. ln no case shall any dam
or threshold be less than 51 mm nor more than 228 mm in
depth when measured from the top of the dam or threshold
to the of the drain. The finished floor of the receptor shall
slope uniformly from the sides towards the drain not less
than 2% or 20 mm/m or more than 4% or 40 mm/m.
Thresholds shall be of sufficient width to accommodate a
minimum 559-mm wide door.
Section 409.3

Exception: Special shower compartments for wheelchair

use may eliminate the curb or threshold. The required
slope and depth shall be maintained from the door entry
to the drain opening. The minimum distance between the
door or entry to the drain opening shalt be 1.2 meters.

wheelchair user might find it easier to move without threshold and also for their safety.
Section 409.4

All shower compartments, regardless of shape, shall have a

minimum finished interior area of 0.6 square meter, and
shall also be capable of encompassing a 762 mm diameter
circle. The minimum area and dimensions shall be
maintained from a point above the shower drain outlet to a
height of 1.78 meters with no protrusions other than the
fixture valve or valves, shower head and safety grab bars·
or rails.
Section 409.5

When the construction of on-site built-up shower

receptors is permitted by the Administrative
Authority, one of the following means shall be
employed:
Section 409.5.1

Shower receptors built directly on the ground:

Shower receptors built directly on the ground shall be

watertight and shall be constructed from approved-type
dense, non-absorbent and non-corrosive materials. Each
receptor shall be adequately reinforced, provided with an
approved flanged floor drain designed to make a
watertight joint in the floor, and shall have smooth,
impervious and durable surfaces.
Section 409.5.2

Shower receptors built above ground:

When shower receptors are built above ground the sub-

floor and rough side of walls to a height of no less than 76
mm above the top of the finished dam or threshold shall be
first lined with sheet lead or copper or with other durable
and watertight materials.
Section 409.6

Floors of public shower rooms shall have a non-skid

surface and shall be drained in such a manner that
wastewater from one bather will not pass over areas
occupied by other bathers. Gutters in public or gang
shower rooms shall have rounded comers for easy
cleaning and shall be sloped not less than two (2)
percent toward the drains. Drains in gutters shall be
spaced not more than 4.9 meters apart.
Section 409.7

In the absence of local regulations, showers occupancies

other than dwelling units served by individual water
heaters shall be provided with individual shower control
valves of the pressure balance or the thermostatic mixing
valve type. Multiple or gang showers may be controlled
by a master thermostatic mixing valve in lieu of
individually controlled pressure balance or thermostatic
mixing valves. Limit stops shall be provided on such
valves and shall be adjusted to deliver hot water with a
maximum temperature of 48.88 ˚C.
 Section 410
Plumbing Fixtures
Required
 Each building shall be provided with
sanitary facilities as prescribed by the
National Building Code or other authorities
having jurisdiction. ln the absence of local
requirements, a recommended list of
minimum facilities for various occupancies
is given on Table 4-1 of this Code.
Section 411
Whirlpool
Bathtubs
 Unless otherwise listed, all whirlpool bathtubs
shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) A removable panel of sufficient dimension

shall be provided for access to the pump
(b) The circulation pump shall be located
above the crown weir of the trap
(c) The pump and the circulation piping
shall be self-draining to minimize water
retention

(d) Suction fittings on whirlpool bathtubs

shall comply with the listed standards.
Building System
Design
2nd Semester (SY 2021-2022)