3/6/22, 21:38 Plants quiz: Attempt review

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A-level: virtual microscope

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Plants quiz
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Personal Identifier I5709545

Started on Saturday, 4 Jun 2022, 03:18
State Finished
Completed on Saturday, 4 Jun 2022, 03:36
Time taken 18 mins 32 secs
Marks 47.63/50.00
Grade 9.53 out of 10.00 (95.25%)

Question 1 The Earth’s early atmosphere is believed to have had abundant carbon dioxide with little or no oxygen gas. The Earth’s atmosphere today
Correct
contains around 21 percent oxygen and about 0.04 percent by volume of carbon dioxide. Oxygen release is associated with which of these
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00
processes that arose in living organisms.

Select one or more:

a.
Krebs cycle

b.
Glycolysis

c. Correct ! During photosynthesis glucose is synthesized from carbon dioxide and water, using the energy from the
Photosynthesis sun and chlorophyll. In the process oxygen is released as a by-product of the reaction.

d.
Cellular respiration

e.
Hydrolysis

f.
Evolution

That's right - photosynthesis consumes carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to generate carbohydrates and oxygen. The evolution of photosynthetic organisms lead to a
major change in the proportions of these gases in the atmosphere.

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Question 2 Drag and drop the labels onto this cross-section of a maize (Zea mays) leaf.
Correct

Mark 6.00 out of 6.00

Xylem Cuticle
Bulliform cell

Mesophyll cell Stoma

Bundle sheath cell

Phloem

Guard cell Collenchyma cell

Well done
Plant section number-3 (Zea-leaf) shows you a cross section of this type of leaf.

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Question 3 In which sub-cellular organelle shown below does photosythesis take place? Write the answer into the box below.
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Photosythesis takes place in the

chloroplast
Answer:

Your answer is correct, well done!

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast. The chloroplast contains the green pigment chlorophyll used in photosynthesis. Chloroplasts
are found in the green parts of plants which are exposed to light.

Question 4
Correct
In flowering plants gas exchange involves mainly the leaves as they have a large surface area to volume ratio. Oxygen and
Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 carbon dioxide   move in and out of the leaf via  stomata , which are pores in the epidermis of the leaves, the opening
and closure of which is controlled by guard cells . Inside the leaf, the large intercellular spaces in the spongy mesophyll facilitate
the diffusion  of gases. During daylight a biochemical process called photosynthesis captures carbon dioxide from the
air and water from the soil and builds them, using light energy, into glucose. Oxygen is released as a by-product of this
process which occurs in intracellular organelles called chloroplasts . While photosynthesis takes place, plant cells continue to utilise
oxygen to release energy from glucose, producing ATP. This process is called cellular respiration and takes place in

mitochondria .

Well done this is correct

The correct answer is:
In flowering plants gas exchange involves mainly the leaves as they have a large surface area to volume ratio. Oxygen and carbon dioxide 
move in and out of the leaf via stomata, which are pores in the epidermis of the leaves, the opening and closure of which is controlled by
guard cells. Inside the leaf, the large intercellular spaces in the spongy mesophyll facilitate the diffusion of gases. During daylight a
biochemical process called photosynthesis captures carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil and builds them, using light energy,
into glucose. Oxygen is released as a by-product of this process which occurs in intracellular organelles called chloroplasts. While
photosynthesis takes place, plant cells continue to utilise oxygen to release energy from glucose, producing ATP. This process is called
cellular respiration and takes place in mitochondria.

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Question 5 Indicate the vascular bundle in the cross section of these two roots.
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 2.00

Vascular bundle (dicot.)

Vascular bundle (monocot.)

Well done your answer is correct

 
Well done, your answer is correct
In the cross section of a typical herbaceous dicot root (right) the thick walled xylem lies in the centre of the fibrovascular cylinder which has
3-5 arms, while the phloem cells are nested within the arms of the xylem. In a typical herbaceous monocot (left), the vascular cylinder is
made up of a central core of thin walled vessels called the pith around which is a vascular layer of alternating xylem and phloem.

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Question 6 Drag and drop the labels onto the cross section of the vascular bundle of the root of a dicot. (Ranunculus).
Correct

Mark 4.38 out of 5.00

Cortex

Endodermis

Phloem

Xylem

Epidermis Stomata Pith

Yes, this root is similar to slide-16 in the plant set.

In the cross section of a typical herbaceous dicot root the thick walled xylem lies cross like in the centre of the fibrovascular cylinder while
the phloem cells are nested within the arms of the cross (In this case the 'cross' has 5 arms). The fibrovascular bundle is surrounded by the
endodermis.

Question 7
Mineral ions are required for plants to grow and maintain their health. They can be divided into macronutrients (eg  phosphorus
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00 or  potassium  ) and micronutrients (eg  molybdenum or copper ) according to the amount that is required.
Mineral ions are required for many different functions. For example, magnesium is a component of chlorophyll, while
iron is found in cytochromes that act as electron carriers in photosynthesis. Dissolved mineral ions are absorbed from the soil
by diffusion or active transport by the epidermis and then move into the  xylem to be transported to other parts of the
plant.

That's right
The correct answer is:
Mineral ions are required for plants to grow and maintain their health. They can be divided into macronutrients (eg phosphorus
or potassium) and micronutrients (eg molybdenum or copper) according to the amount that is required. Mineral ions are required for many
different functions. For example, magnesium is a component of chlorophyll, while iron is found in cytochromes that act as electron carriers
in photosynthesis. Dissolved mineral ions are absorbed from the soil by diffusion or active transport by the epidermis and then move into
the xylem to be transported to other parts of the plant.

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Question 8 The cohesion tension theory attempts to explain the way in which continuous columns of water and dissolved minerals move through the
Correct
xylem vessels of plants.
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Select one:
True
False

Your answer is correct, well done.

A continuous flow of water occurs through the plant. The osmotic pressure in the root hair cells and the transpirational pull from the leaves
create the push and pull that forces water to enter and move along the xylem vessels. These forces act on a continuous, often very tall
column of water which is not broken so that water transport does not get interrupted. The high degree of cohesion between water molecules
as a result of hydrogen bonding between them and the adhesion of water to the vessel walls, assist in pulling the water up the stem.

Question 9 In which plant transport tissue is movement generally against gravity and also dependent on transpiration and cohesion.
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Select one:
a.
Phloem vessels

b.
Stomata

c.
Root hairs

d.
Xylem vessels 

e.
Companion cells

Your answer is correct, well done.

In the xylem movement of water and minerals is generally against gravity from the root to the shoot and leaves. The negative pressure
created by transpiration in the leaves provides additional suction of the water column in the hollow tubes of the xylem. Cohesion due to the
hydrogen bonding of water molecules keeps the water column from breaking apart.

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Question 10 Drag and drop the labels onto this section of a monocot. stem.
Correct

Mark 5.00 out of 5.00

Xylem

Epidermis

Vascular cambium
Pith

Phloem

Bark Endodermis

Vein

Well done
The correct answer is shown below:

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3/6/22, 21:38 Plants quiz: Attempt review
Question 11 Which of the following are adaptations to an arid environment?
Correct

Mark 3.00 out of 3.00

Select one or more:
A. Yes, reduces evaporation of water from the leaf surface
Thick waxy cuticle

B. Yes, reduces surface area of leaf, traps humid air inside the rolled up leaf thus reducing transpiration rate
Leaf curling or rolling

C.
Absence of sunken stomata

D. Yes, reduces transpiration from the leaf surface

Abscence of stomata on upper epidermis

E. Although a reduced root system is not a general adaptation to dry environments, many cacti can discard the majority of
Reduced their root system during dry periods to stop water being drawn into the drying soil. So this answer is  correct in some
root contexts.
system

F.
Lack of leaf hairs

Correct, well done !

A feature that reduces transpiration of water from the aerial parts of a plant is a xeromorphic adaptation. Such adaptations include a thick
waxy cuticle, absence of stomata on the upper epidermis and leaf curling or rolling.

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Question 12 Drag and drop labels onto the micrograph of a pine leaf. (At least two of these features can be seen as adaptations to a dry environment.)
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

Compact mesophyll

Sunken stoma

Resin canal

Waxy cuticle

Water store vacuole Large xylem Thin epidermis Small guard cells

Well done.
The correct answer is shown below:

Question 13 Which parts of a flower constitute the male and female reproductive structures (androecium and gynoecium) where meiosis takes place?
Correct

Mark 2.25 out of 3.00

Select one or more:
Stamen The stamen consists of the filaments and anthers that produce pollen.

Receptacle

Nectary

Carpel The carpel consists of the stigma, style and ovary.

Sepals

Petals

Your answer is correct. Well done !

The carpel is the female reproductive structure and the stamen is the male reproductive structure.

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Question 14 Drag and drop the labels onto this cross-section of the developing anther of a lily.
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

Vascular bundle

Pollen mother cells

Tapetum

Epidermis

Style Pollen grains Pollen tube

Endothecium Endodermis

Well done.
The correct answer is shown below:

Question 15
Pollination is the process whereby pollen grains are placed on the stigma after being carried by wind or
Correct

Mark 5.00 out of 5.00 animals. In angiosperms, pollination does not result immediately in direct contact between the male and the female gametes. First the

pollen has to germinate . This process results in pollen tubes  extending down the style . The
male gametes pass down the style , by moving through the pollen tubes  in order to reach

the ovule , where fertilisation takes place.

Yes that is correct - very good.

The correct answer is:
Pollination is the process whereby pollen grains are placed on the stigma after being carried by wind or animals. In angiosperms, pollination
does not result immediately in direct contact between the male and the female gametes. First the pollen has to germinate. This
process results in pollen tubes extending down the style. The male gametes pass down the style, by moving through the pollen tubes in
order to reach the ovule, where fertilisation takes place.

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