ARC 1208 - Compilation - Gothic Structures

History Of Architecture
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Zaha Hadid
Yesterday
Albi Cathedral, The Largest Brick Cathedral in the World! Located in 5 Bd

Général Sibille, 81000 Albi, France
Harvey Laguio
Zaha Hadid
Yesterday
Albi Cathedral, The Largest Brick Cathedral in the World! Located in 5 Bd Général Sibille,
81000 Albi, France
13.4k comments
Zaha Hadid
History Of Architecture Yesterday
Albi Cathedral, The Largest Brick Cathedral in the World! Located in 5 Bd Général Sibille,
81000 Albi, France
Harvey Laguio
13.4k comments
Le Corbusier
Le Corbusier
Can you elaborate the elements and history on that cathedral.
Pleaseee :)
Harvey Laguio Zaha Hadid

December 30, 2021
Albi Cathedral Elements
ELEMENTS
AND
HISTORY
35k comments
ELEMENTS
AND
HISTORY
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia
or Albi Cathedral
The seat of the

Catholic Archbishop of Albi. First
built in the aftermath of
the Albigensian Crusade, the
grim exterior resembles a
fortress, but the interior is
lavishly decorated with art and
sculpture, a very ornate choir
screen, and walls in bright blues
and golds, in the Toulousian
or Southern French Gothic.
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia
or Albi Cathedral
It was begun in 1282 and was

under construction for 200
years. It is claimed to be the
largest brick building in the
world. In 2010 the cathedral,
along with its episcopal
buildings, was designated
a UNESCO World Heritage
Site because of its unique
architecture and the
remarkable consistency in its
design.
ELEMENTS
There will be 7 elements to
be discussed.
1. Arches
2. Buttresses
3. Gallery Arcades
4. Piers and Columns
5. Vaults
6. Walls
7. Windows
ARCHES
The arches of Albi Cathedral is
three-pointed arch. This was
particularly important in Gothic
architecture. It is as a way of
making more decorative windows
and doorways, but in the 12th
century it began to be used in
France and England as an
important structural element, in
combination with other elements,
such as the rib vault and later
the flying butress.
BUTTRESSES
Instead of using flying
buttresses to support the
upper walls, they use
semicircular buttresses
integrated into the walls,
rising up to the roof and
coming inside to form the
separations between the
chapels.
BUTTRESSES
The massive buttresses of
the church gives the Albi
Cathedral a distinctive
appearance from most
Gothic cathedrals.
GALLERY
ARCADES
As same as other gothic
elements, Albi Cathedral
also have two openings
under a pointed arch.
PIERS AND
COLUMNS
As same as other gothic
cathedrals, Albi Cathedral
has cylindrical clustered
columns.
VAULTS
The vaults of the chapels

are entirely covered with
painting and decoration,
most of it painted during
the Renaissance.
WALLS
The walls of the chapels
are entirely covered with
painting and decoration,
most of it painted during
the Renaissance.
extremely thick walls
around the base to deter
siege, the cathedral has
the appearance of a
fortress.
WINDOWS
Only a small amount of
medieval stained glass
remains in the widows of
the cathedral; most of the
windows date to the 19th
and first part of the 20th
century.
WINDOWS
Windows placed high up
between the buttresses.
Thanks For Listening!
AMIENS
PRESENTED BY: DANIELLA P. MAGDAONG
Amiens Cathedral, in the heart of
Picardy, is one of the largest 'classic'
Gothic churches of the 13th century.
It is notable for the coherence of its
plan, the beauty of its three-tier
interior elevation and the particularly
fine display of sculptures on the
principal facade and in the south
transept.
- Located in the Hauts-de-France region, in the
Department of the Somme, Amiens Cathedral is
one of the largest churches in France and one of
the most complete 13th century Gothic churches

- Amiens Cathedral was built in less than a century
with a high degree of continuity, the master
builders being united by strong links (Robert de
Luzarches (1220-1223), then his assistant, Thomas
de Cormont (1223-1228), then his son, Renaud (1228-
1288)).
PEOPLE WHO BUILT THE
AMIENS CATHEDRAL
LUZARCHES
- ROBERT DE LUZARCHES
(1220-1223).
CORMONT
- THOMAS DE CORMONT
(1223-1228),
- RENAUD (1228-1288)
-THE THREE ROSE WINDOWS EACH
REPRESENT A DIFFERENT PERIOD OF THE
CATHEDRAL'S CONSTRUCTION.
- AMIENS CATHEDRAL, MAINLY BUILT
BETWEEN 1220 TO 1288, IS A
MASTERPIECE OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
FOR THE BEAUTY OF ITS INTERIOR
ELEVATION, ITS PRODIGIOUS SCULPTED
DECORATION AND ITS STAINED GLASS.

- THE STAINED GLASS WINDOWS OF THE
CHURCH WERE REMOVED TO PROTECT THEM
DURING BOTH THE FIRST AND SECOND
WORLD WAR, AND THE CHURCH SUFFERED
ONLY MINOR DAMAGE. HOWEVER, IN 1920,
SOME OF THE WINDOWS, WHICH WERE
BEING STORED IN THE WORKSHOP OF A
MASTER GLASS MAKER, FOR THEIR
PROTECTION, WERE DESTROYED BY A FIRE.

AMIENS CATHEDRAL IS WELL
KNOWN FOR ITS MEDIEVAL
WALL PAINTINGS INSIDE AND
THE TRULY SPECTACULAR
GOTHIC SCULPTURES THAT
ADORN ITS WESTERN FAÇADE.
DURING THE DAY VISITORS
CAN SEE THE EXCELLENTLY
WELL PRESERVED
RENAISSANCE POLYCHROME
WALL PAINTINGS AND
SCULPTURES INSIDE THE
CHURCH. AT NIGHT, DURING
SUMMER AND DECEMBER, THE
SCULPTURES ON THE WESTERN
FAÇADE ARE LIT UP DURING AN
ENGAGING LIGHT SHOW.

ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
ARCHES
THE FLYING BUTTRESSES ARE THE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURE THAT MADE
POSSIBLE THE EXCEPTIONAL HEIGHT OF THE WALLS OF THE NAVE AND
CHOIR. THE ARCHED BUTTRESSES LEAP OVER THE OUTER, LOWER LEVEL OF
THE CATHEDRAL, WHERE THE AMBULATORY AND CHAPELS ARE LOCATED, TO
STRENGTHEN THE UPPER WALLS OF THE CLERESTORY.

PIERS AND COLUMNS
VAULTS
THE VAULTS WHICH COVER THE NAVES OF
AMIENS CATHEDRAL ARE FORMIDABLE
VAULTS THAT RISE UP TO 42, 3 AND 14 M
LARGE.
GALLERY ARCADES
EXTERIOR
THE WEST FACADE AND
THE PORTALS
THE WEST FACADE OF THE CATHEDRAL WAS
BUILT IN A SINGLE CAMPAIGN FROM 1220 TO
1236, AND SHOWS AN UNUSUAL DEGREE OF
ARTISTIC UNITY.
THE FLÈCHE
THE ORIGINAL 13TH-CENTURY FLÈCHE, OR SPIRE OF THE
CATHEDRAL, LOCATED OVER THE CROSSING POINT OF THE
TRANSEPT AND NAVE, WAS DESTROYED BY LIGHTNING IN 1528, BUT
WAS REPLACED BY A NEW FLÈCHE, CONSTRUCTED OF A WOODEN
FRAME COVERED WITH GILDED LEAD PLATES.

INTERIOR
THE NAVE
THE NAVE AND THE TRANSEPT WERE THE
AREAS WHERE THE PUBLIC WORSHIPED, WHILE
THE CHOIR WAS RESERVED FOR CLERGY.

THE PULPIT
THE BAROQUE PULPIT, ON THE NORTH SIDE
OF THE NAVE, WAS INSTALLED IN 1773. IT IS
MADE OF PAINTED AND GILDED WOOD.

THE ALTAR
IN THE MID-18TH CENTURY THE CENTRE OF THE
CATHEDRAL WAS ENTIRELY REDESIGNED IN THE
BAROQUE STYLE, TO FOLLOW CHANGES IN CHURCH
DOCTRINE AND ARCHITECTURE DICTATED BY THE
VATICAN COUNCIL.
THE LABYRINTH
A LABYRINTH IN THE CENTRE OF THE FLOOR OF THE NAVE WAS A
COMMON FEATURE OF EARLY AND HIGH GOTHIC CATHEDRALS;
THEY WERE ALSO FOUND IN THE CATHEDRALS OF SENS, CHARTRES,
ARRAS AND REIMS. IT SYMBOLISED THE OBSTACLES AND TWISTS
AND TURNS OF THE JOURNEY TOWARD SALVATION, BUT ALSO
SHOWED THAT WITH DETERMINATION THE JOURNEY WAS
POSSIBLE.
BURGOS CATHEDRAL
YVONNE GERTRUDE L. UMALI
ARC- 1208
BURGOS CATHEDRAL
THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT MARY OF BURGOS IS A
CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF
BURGOS, SPAIN, DEDICATED TO THE VIRGIN MARY.
SANTA IGLESIA CATEDRAL BASILICA
METROPOLITANA DE SANTA MARA DE BURGOS IS
ITS FORMAL NAME. IT WAS BUILT ON JULY 20, 1221
UNTIL 1260 BUT IT WAS NOT FINISHED.IT WAS
BUILT ON LAND THAT HAD BEEN PREVIOUSLY
OCCUPIED BY AN OLDER CATHEDRAL OF EARLIER
MEDIEVAL ROMANESQUE STYLE.
ARCHITEC
BURGOS CATHEDRAL
IS IN THE HISTORIC CENTER OF THE SAME-
NAMED SPANISH CITY IN THE AUTONOMOUS
COMMUNITY OF CASTILLA Y LEÓN, IN THE
NORTHERN IBERIAN PENINSULA. THE
INSCRIBED PROPERTY IS 1.03 HECTARES IN
SIZE.
CHITECTURE
BURGOS
CATHEDRAL
THE CATHEDRAL'S CONSTRUCTION BEGAN
IN 1221 AND WAS COMPLETED IN 1567. IT IS A
THOROUGH EXAMPLE OF THE GROWTH OF
GOTHIC STYLE, WITH PAINTINGS, CHOIR
STALLS, REREDOS, TOMBS, AND STAINED-
GLASS WINDOWS DISPLAYING THE FULL
HISTORY OF GOTHIC ART IN ITS EXCELLENT
ARCHITECTURE AND RARE COLLECTION OF
ART.
ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
Burgos Cathedral has had a significant impact on
the progress of architecture and the arts at various
times throughout history. The Cathedral had a
significant influence in the spread of 13th-century
French Gothic art throughout Spain.
ARCH
The Burgos Cathedral is an excellent example
of Gothic architecture with pointed arches.
Arches were utilized as a structural and
ornamental element in galleries, arcades,
doors, and windows, among other places. The
Portal of Saint Mary, the cathedral's main
entrance, has three pointed arches.
BUTTRESSES
Buttresses are an important structural
element of the Burgos Cathedral, as they
are in many other Gothic monuments.
Buttresses are structural features that
extend from the walls and assist in
transferring the roof's weight to the
ground, allowing for lighter walls.
Burgos Cathedral contains Cross-
Ribbed Vault. They lowered the
amount of wall space required to
maintain the structure's weight, thus
increasing interior space.
The vaults were built not just to serve
as a structural element, but also as a
beautiful feature.
VAULTS
There are twin Gothic windows
situated on seven slender pillars
with exquisite clover-leaf
tracery, giving the impression of
graceful, stylized trees.
WINDOW
ORNAMENTATION ON
THE FACADE
A vast variety of decorative elements were
included onto the façade. Such
ornamentation is typical of Gothic
architecture, and it is particularly notable
in the two towers on the main facade.
Each of these towers has a statue on each
corner, as well as pilasters with pinnacles
and ornate apertures.
INTERIORS
The Burgos Cathedral's interiors are
beautiful, with a wide variety of
decorative features and works of art. The
interiors have been under construction for
centuries and reflect the varying styles
and eras in which they were constructed.
ARCHITECTURAL
It is a thorough representation of
STYLEthe development of Gothic style,

with its excellent architecture and
rare collection of art displaying
the full history of Gothic art.
DID YOU KNOW??
The Burgos Cathedral retains all the key features of
authenticity in respect to location, materials, form,
and design. Over time, continuous maintenance
works have taken place under control and
supervision of the Administration Departments in
charge of protection and conservation of Cultural
Heritage.
DID YOU KNOW??
The Cathedral (1221).
Catedral de Santa María de Burgos.
Burgos’s cathedral was the first Gothic cathedral to

be built (1221) in Spain, replacing an earlier
Romanesque church. It is the third largest cathedral
in the country, surpassed only by those of Toledo
(1227) and Seville (1401).
THANK YOU!
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/316/video
https://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-
architecture/burgos-cathedral
Gothic and
Romanesque
Architecture
CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the
oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It
forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of
the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby,
leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of
the worldwide Anglican Communion. In addition, this
cathedral measures around 72cm high.
There are several notable tombs in the cathedral, but
only one king is buried there. A viewing platform allows
you to look down on the tomb effigies of Henry IV, the 1st
Lancastrian king, and his 2nd wife Joanna of Navarre.
CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL SAN MINIATO AL MONTE
ARCHES ARCHES
The arches were in The arches were well

different style but still, the rounded and in
looks of it make it more repeatedly pattern just
unique than the other through every columns.
common arches.
VAULTS
The vaults seems like
embroided fabric.
VAULTS
The barrel vaults of
Romanesque churches
were typically divided by
shafts and diaphragm
arches into square bays,
or compartments.
WALLS
The walls are fine and it

has decorative features.
WALLS
Consistently thick and

compacted.
The stained windows
represents the ancestors
of our Lord Jesus Christ
and has a lot of artistic
touches.
WINDOWS WINDOWS
The windows are just few
and some are stained glass
while the others were not
and also some of the
windows are open at its
upper part wherein it
accepts the light that
About Canterbury Cathedral
The spectacular building houses many stunning
features, including a Romanesque crypt, a
perpendicular nave and beautiful medieval
stained glass windows. It is the Mother Church
of the worldwide Anglican Communion and
seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Cathedral is often described as ‘England in
stone’ as its history is intrinsically linked to the
country’s history. Canterbury Cathedral’s
history is as rich as it comes.Canterbury
Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and Tower of
London were all built from Caen limestone
which was brought over by WiIliam the
Conqueror.
Generally, San Miniato Cathedral is considered one of
the finest examples of the Tuscan Romanesque style of
architecture. The black and white marble panels used to
ornament both the interior and the exterior, as well as the
painted timber truss roof, are notable decorative features.
The structure was finished in the 13th century, and a
beautiful combination of white carrara and green prato
marble now delicately decorate the church's exterior,
while a 12th-century gold-detailed mosaic embellishes the
window above the central door.
THANK YOU!
Jess D. Marquez
Arc 1208
Cathedral of Avila
Gothic Architecture
Introduction
The Ávila Cathedral is an impressive
church showcasing architectural features
of the Romanesque and Gothic traditions.
Initially part of the city walls, the cathedral
was planned as a fortress in the 11th or
12th century.
History
It is not known exactly when the Muslim attacks, and that Alfonso VII
construction of the cathedral began. of Castile raised the money
necessary to build it.
Two theories exist. One states
that Alvar García started its Other historians believe the
Cathedral to be the work of the
construction in 1091 inside the
maestro Fruchel in the 12th century
remains of a previous Romanesque
coinciding with the repopulation of
Church of the Saviour, which was Castille led by Raymond of
left in ruins as a result of successive Burgundy.
Elements of
"Cathedral of Avila"
Gothic Architecture
Arches
Cathedral of Avila
has pointed
arches.
Buttresses
Flying buttresses are possibly the

most recognizable feature of
Gothic architecture that serve a
fundamental purpose while
adding a unique aesthetic
feature.
Gallery Arcade
In architecture it is
a series of arches
carried by columns
or piers.
Piers and
Columns
The forerunner of the

Gothic clustered
column, it is cross-
shaped in section, with
shafts placed in the
recesses and complex
piers.
Vaults
The vaults are mostly

of simple quadripartite
ribbing.
Wall
The thick wall of the

ambulatory of the apse is
embedded in the solid,
fortified wall surrounding
the city.
Windows
Gothic windows varied

from simple lancet form
to ornate flamboyant
patterns and has
pointed arches, often
with tracery.
Thank You!
RAGOS, ALEXIS MELAN B.

ARC-1208
PRESENTATION ABOUT
Chartres
Cathedral
The Cathedral of Notre-Dame
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Chartres Cathedra
Chartres Cathedral, also called Notre-Dame
d’Chartres or the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Gothic
cathedral located in the town of Chartres, northwestern
France. Generally ranked as one of the three chief
examples of Gothic French architecture (along with
Amiens Cathedral and Reims Cathedral), it is noted not
only for its architectural innovations but also for its
numerous sculptures and its much-celebrated stained
glass.
The Chartres Cathedral is located in Chartres, France, which is about
56 miles from Paris.
It is said that the construction of it started in the year of 1194 and
ended in 1220.
Although the construction of the Chartres Cathedral began in 1194,
there were many other churches that were built before it on the same
ground, but were burnt down by fires.
After the fire on June 10th, 1194, the construction of the famous
Cathedral started
Who built the Chartres
Cathedral?
This building is designed and built under the direction of Bishop Fulbert
and later under the direction of Geoffroy de Lèves but neither man was an
architect.
In 1194 when the building went down in flames, the 1st architect was
commissioned to design the cathedral, but his name has lost record in the
history.
Before 1194, the Chatres cathedral was built in the style of Romanesque
architecture, then the reconstruction of the building in 1194 were built in the
style of Gothic Architecture. Since the rebuild the cathedral has been
mentained well until today.
•The cathedral is
inspired by the Abbey
of Saint Denis in Paris
•It is 440 ft. long
•52 ft. wide naive
•26 ft. aisle
•118 ft. high vault
EXTERIOR OF CHARTRES CATHEDRAL
Exterior of Chartres
texture is very rough
that gives the effect
of solidity and
stability.
INTERIOR OF CHARTRES CATHEDRAL
A spacious nave and also

an unbroken view from the
west and to the east end.
The interior directs the eyes
to the massive clerestory
windows in the apse while
the columns rise dramatically
from plain base to the high
pointed arches of the
ceiling.
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF
CHARTRES CATHEDRAL
ARCHES
At Chartres, the west face is on the oldest
part of the church, so it is the least Gothic. For
example, Gothic arches are pointed at the top,
while the older style, the Romanesque style, has
rounded arches. Here, the arches over the
doors are mostly round, with subtle points at
the tops.
BUTTRESSES
The buttressing marches along each side of
the nave, and reach like arched fingers,
providing support around the apse.
To ensure the entrance of daylight and the
visibility of the windows, the buttresses were
built so they would minimise shading or
obscuring the windows. The buttressing of
Chartres cathedral is an example
demonstration of this technique.
The interior nave wall of Chartres and
the earlier Romanesque nave. Not only is
GALLERY ARCADE the ceiling higher, but with the elimination
of the second floor gallery, windows could
be lowered. And since walls were relieved
of bearing weight (now accomplished by
buttressing), windows could be enlarged.
In addition, the nave wall at Caen seems
more solid, even though it has openings; a
Gothic nave wall is not only pierced but
seems weightless. In place of the second
story gallery, the High Gothic architects
added a triforium, the continuous ribbon
of masonry between the nave arcade and
the windows. This also gives a stronger
horizontal emphasis to Gothic cathedrals
compared to Romanesque churches which
have a sense of segmentation
PIERS AND COLUMN
The piers of Chartres are

bundles of columns. Piers
gather structure from the form
of a wall to increase the span
between columns.
A new variation of rib vault appeared
during the High Gothic: the four-part
rib vault, which was used in Chartres
Cathedral, Amiens Cathedral. The ribs
of this vault distributed the weight more
equally to the four supporting piers
below, and established a closer
connection between the nave and the
lower portions of the church walls, and
between the arcades below and the
windows above.
VAULTS
The choir wall of Chartres
Cathedral (French - clôture
de chœur or tour du chœur)
is a piece of stone
architecture and sculpture
in Chartres Cathedral, over
6 metres tall and around
100 metres long.
WALLS
WINDOWS
Rose windows. The windows of Chartres are

divided into three categories:
1. The lower windows recount life stories from the

bible.
2. The upper windows include figures of saints
illustrated in monu-mental manner.
3. The three large rose windows proclaim the glory
of Christ and the Virgin.
Thank you for listening!
DOGE’S
PALACE
Doge's palace is also known as the PLazzo Ducale, is one of the most famous buildings in Venice. Situated on the
grand Piazza San Marco, the palace was the home of the Doge (ruler of Venice) and the seat of power for the
Venetian Republic, which lasted more than 1,000 years. Today, the Doge's Palace is one of Venice's must-see
museums.
It was built in 1340 and extended and modified in the following centuries. It became a museum in
1923 and is one of the 11 museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.
The doge's palace is one of the most historical structures It is a palace built in Venetian Gothic style,
ever built, because it has been with many and one of the main landmarks of the city of
reconstructions and renovations Venice in northern Italy as of today.
Present Structure (Arches, Columns, Patterns,
Window)
Architecture
It is probable that the Palazzo Ducale,
being protected by a canal, stout walls
and massive corner towers, was an
agglomeration of different buildings
destined to serve various purposes.
Reached by a large fortified gateway
where the Porta della Carta now stands,
the buildings within these walls housed
public offices, courtrooms, prisons, the
Doge’s apartments, stables, armories,
and other facilities.
Architecture
These architectural choices, which have
managed to combine technical constraints of
lagoon construction and harmony of
proportions,It looks like an “open” and non-
fortified space. The protection of Venice from
external threats rested entirely on the lagoon.
This is the origin of the visual success but also
of the architectural performance represented
by the Doge's Palace.
All was conceptualized with Venetian Gothic
Style which is an eclectic combination of
western and eastern influences. The design is
very intricate and complicated and can be truly
over compared to an old Romanesque Style of
architecture.
ARCH 512 - History of Architecture 2
Durham, England
Durham Cathedral is a Norman

What is
. It was founded as a monastic
building constructed between 1093 cathedral built to house the shrine
and 1133 in English Romanesque of St. Cuthbert, replacing an earlier
Durham style and it's also a pioneer of Gothic
architecture. It is located in the city
church constructed in his honor.
Cathedral? of Durham, England.
Page 1
Who was
St. Cuthbert?
Saint Cuthbert (634-687) was an Anglo-Saxon monk from the
Kingdom of Northumbria, who became the bishop of Lindisfarne
and one of the most important saints of the medieval church in
England.
He was a venerated religious figure, and a successful preacher

who was responsible for the spread of Christianity in the North of
England.
Page 2
Architects of Durham Cathedral
George Gilbert Scott

Anthony Salvin
James Wyatt
Edward Robert Robson
Richard Farnham

Page 3
Durham Cathedral was made of stone.
Why is
Durham Durham’s architectural value lies in
Cathedral
the fact that it is the oldest surviving
building with a stone vaulted ceiling of
such a large scale.
Architecturally
Important? Durham Cathedral is also valuable
because its Norman architecture has
survived largely intact – the addition
of two chapels and a later central
tower notwithstanding.
Page 4
Architectonic Characteristics of Durham Cathedral
1 Cylindrical Pier and Compound Pier
Page 5
2 Interior Elevation
Clerestory
Gallery
Nave Arcade
Page 6
4 Ribbed Vaulting
Double-attached Columns
3
Page 7
Interesting Fact!
Durham Cathedral has been used as a filming location in a number of cinema and television
productions. Because of its distinct Romanesque and Gothic architecture, the cathedral has
doubled as a number of fantasy locations in larger budget film productions, but has been seen as
itself in a number of television programmes.
Harry Potter Avengers: Endgame Snow White and the Huntsman

Page 8
Thank you!
Page 9
Wednesday, March 9, 2022
History of Architecture Early Edition
Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
Florence Cathedral
WEATHER REPORT
Vol. 1 No. 1 Presentation for today ! Today is sunny with a
Slight chance of showers
INTRODUCTION
Early Edition
Cathedral of Florence
The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore was
completed in 1434 and is the most important
landmark in Florence,as well as being the fourth
largest church in the world.
Table Of Content Wednesday, March 9, 2022
Early Edition
GOTHIC ELEMENTS
1 Arches
2 Buttresses
3 Gallery arcades
4 Piers and columns

Table Of Content Wednesday, March 9, 2022
Early Edition
GOTHIC ELEMENTS
5 Vaults
6 Walls
7 Windows
*
MAP location Wednesday, March 9, 2022
Early Edition
Florence,
Tuscany, Italy
Cathedral of Florence. Florence was a wealthy
medieval city on account of its textile trade, and
Florentines of this time thought of themselves as
a city similar to that of ancient Rome. They
therefore decided that in order to compete with
other Tuscan cities, they would build the
grandest church in the regions.
As Florence grew to become one of the most

powerful city-states in Tuscany, it displayed its
wealth by building an enormous cathedral meant
to dwarf any other building in the competing
cities of Siena, Pisa, or Milan.
Your chart slide Thursday, August 26, 2021
Early Edition
Although the Florence Cathedral was more or less completed

during the Renaissance, the façade was still bare by the 19th
century due to centuries of disagreements. In 1871, the city
hosted a competition to determine its design which was won by
architect Emilio de Fabris (1808-1883). His plan maintained the
same white, green, and red marble color scheme as the rest of the
cathedral while still containing more elaborate details, like the
exquisite rose windows, which became popular again in the Gothic
Revival style.
Locality Thursday, August 26, 2021
Early Edition
For 1600 years now, the center

of florentine religious life has
been the area known, 1. The baptistery of saint john
respectively, as “piazza san
giovanni” and “piazza del 2. The cathedral of santa maria
duomo”. this large, irregular del fiore (the duomo) with the
square contains: excavations of santa reparata
3. Giotto’s bell tower
4. The museum of the opera del
duomo
5. The cathedral canonries
6. The lay confraternity of mercy
7. The bigallo portico
8. The archbishop’s palace
9. The column of saint zanobius
10. And the pisan porphyry columns
Locality Thursday, August 26, 2021
Early Edition
Exterior:
For 1600 years now, the center a – north door (façade)
of florentine religious life has b – middle door (façade)
been the area known, c – south door (façade)
respectively, as “piazza san
d – bell tower door
giovanni” and “piazza del
duomo”. this large, irregular e – canon’s door
square contains: f – almond door
g – bale door4
Interior:
a) mosaic by gaddo gaddi, the coronation of mary
b) frescos by santi di tito, music-making angels
c) clock, painted by paolo uccello
d) stained glass window by lorenzo ghiberti, the
assumption of mary to heaven.
“Arches” “ Arches”
Reducing the weight of the dome

was a priority to avoid additional
reinforcements to the existing walls of the
cathedral. Brunelleschi designed a double
shell, consisting of one interior and one
exterior dome with an empty space
between them. The structure was
conceived using pointed arches in an
octagonal array, following the layout of
the existing walls.
The arches were reinforced by
horizontal rings, making the structure
rigid and distributing the weight. The The height of the arches in the aisles is 23
outer marble arches are decorative. The meters (75 feet). The height of the dome is
arches, the rings, and the dome were built 114.5 meters (375.7 feet). It has the fifth
mostly out of brick. The exterior bricks tallest dome in the world.
were placed using a herringbone pattern,
which the designer ordered to remain Architect(s): Arnolfo di Cambio; Filippo
visible. These innovative designs Brunell...
significantly reduced the weight of the
dome, making its construction possible.
“Buttresses” “Buttresses”
Flying buttresses were also called

for in the original plan, but they were
later scrapped.
Italian architects regarded Gothic flying
buttresses as ugly makeshifts.
Furthermore, the use of buttresses was
forbidden in Florence, as the style was
favored by central Italy's traditional
enemies to the north.
Built without flying buttresses or There where no flying buttresses. The wall began to crack in
freestanding scaffolding, using 1366. Unsightly iron tie bars were installed.
experimental methods that many
contemporaries believed would surely fail,
the 150-foot-wide (46-meter-wide) dome
effectively ignited the creative explosion
known as the Renaissance.
“Piers and columns” “Piers and columns”
By 1418, the construction of the

nave had already predetermined the
octagonal plan arrangement of supporting
piers capped by an elevated drum, but the
technical means by which to construct the
dome had not yet been established. In
short, the project was stalled. The
successful solution - inspired by both the
Gothic tradition of stone vaulting
This is the Florence Cathedral: Basilica di Santa Maria del
The overall plan forms a Latin cross, while Fiore. Here you can see the magnificent ending of the central
the aisles and nave are separated by wide aisle. The two columns are part of the structure that support
pointed Gothic arches supported by the dome
composite piers.
“Vaults” “Vaults”
Three groin vaults plus two ribs
The successful solution - inspired

by both the Gothic tradition of stone
"Inside, the original plan vaulting
originally called for a timber truss roof,
but in the mid-1300s this was changed to
a ribbed groin vault.
“Gallery arcade” “Walls”
Its walls are pierced only by a

few relatively small openings.
“Windows”
one of clerestory
windows below the dome
Below the plain clerestory

(upper-story wall of windows)
with its unobtrusive openings
History of Architecture Early Edition
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Your Attention”
WEATHER REPORT
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Slight chance of showers
Fontevraud Abbey
The Royal Abbey of Our Lady Fontevraud or Fontevrault
(in French: abbaye de fontevraud) was a monastery in
the village of Fontevraud-l Abbaye, near Chinon, in
former freanch duchy of Anjou. It was founded in 1101
by the itinerant preacher Robert of Abrissel. The
foundation flourished and became the center of a new
monastic Order, the Order of Fontevraud. This order
was composed of double monasteries, in which the
community consisted of both men and women — in
separate quarters of the abbey — all of whom were
subject to the authority of
the Abbess of Fontevraud.
The Abbey of Fontevraud
itself consisted of four
separate communities,
all managed by the
same abbess.
The first permanent structures were built between
1110 and 1119. The area where the Abbey is located
was then part of what is sometimes referred to as
the Angevin Empire. The King of England, Henry II,
his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their son, King
Richard the Lionheart, were all buried here at the
end of the 12th century. It was seized and
disestablished as a monastery during the French
Revolution.
Robert of Arbrissel
Robert of Arbrissel had served as the Archpriest of the
Diocese of Rennes, carrying out the reformist agenda of
its bishop. Robert wrote a brief Rule of Life for the
community, based upon the Rule of St. Benedict. Unlike the
other monastic orders characterized by double monasteries,
the monks and nuns of the Order of Fontevrault followed
the same Rule. In his Rule, Robert dealt with four
principal points: silence, good works, food and clothing,
encouraging the utmost in simplicity of life and dress. He
directed that the abbess should never be
chosen from among those who had
been brought up at Fontevrault,
but that she should be someone who
had had experience of the world.
Elements of
Fontevraud Abbey
Arches
The central arch of the gallery
is scaled up to nearly twice
the size of the others and
surrounded by an imposing frame
which supports an over-sized
and richly sculpted dormer
window. Carved into the frame
and window are Louise’s own
monogram, as well as the coats
of arms of the House of Bourbon
and François I--Louise had
requested and received a
special dispensation from the
Pope which allowed her to place
these coats of arms at abbey
Buttresses
The nave is without aisles and has
on either side nine flat buttresses,
alternately broad and narrow,
rising, without diminution of
breadth, to the corbel-table and
alternating with round-arched and
recessed windows which have or had
shafts in the jambs, are surmounted
by dripstones, and are placed at a
considerable height from the ground.
Gallery arcades
Passing through this triumphal
archway one immediately
encounters the entrance to the
chapter house, rebuilt by
Louise around 1545. In keeping
with the Gothic style of the
cloister interiors, the chapter
house portal is executed in an
exuberant High Gothic style. 21
Five ranges of ornament
surround the portal’s pointed
arch, including the
evangelists, various religious
symbols, floral motifs, and
most significantly the monogram
and coat of arms of Louise and
the King of France.
Piers and Columns
four of the eight piers
carry four great arches
which form a square
Vault
According to Édouard one side of
the cloisters proper was built
between 1491 and 1534 and is pure
Gothic, while the other three
sides date from between 1534 and
1670. These open on to the court
by round Renaissance arches,
separated, except where there are
buttresses on the south side, by
pairs of Ionic pillars supporting
a continuous architrave, each pair
sharing a single abacus. In spite
of this Renaissance exterior,
however, the internal roof is a
Gothic vault, though signs of the
transition to classicism are
abundant, e.g., in the designs on
the numerous bosses.
Walls
The walls of the chapter house
Louise commissioned frescoes
depicting the passion. It is
unknown whether Louise would
have liked to change the
cloister interiors to reflect
the Renaissance appearance of
the exteriors. It seems likely
that the renovations begun by
Renée were already too near
completion for Louise to have
reasonably changed them. Christ
and the life of the Virgin,
with, not surprisingly, herself
along with past abbesses of
Fontevrault portrayed as
attendants at the various
scenes.
Windows
The two windows in each bay
seem too far apart, their
spacing being determined by
considerations of external
rather than of internal
effect, for it will be
remembered that externally
each bay is divided by a
narrow buttress into two
panels, and that it is in the
middle of these panels that
the windows are placed.
Giotto's
Campanile
1334 to 1359
noitatneserP erutcetihcrA
About The
Bell Tower
Giotto's Bell Tower was
made between 1334 and
1359. This tower
represents one of the
greatest expressions of the
Florentine Gothic
architecture of 1300.
noitatneserP erutcetihcrA
About The
Bell Tower
Today Giotto's bell tower
looks like a large tower with
a square base about 14
meters wide, with a coating
made with white, red and
green marbles.
The People
ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO
Chief Master
GIOTTO DI BONDONE
New Chief Master
ANDREA PISANO
Assistant of Giotto
FRANCESCO TALENTI
Last Chief Master
GIOTTO'S BELL ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO
2 erutcetihcrA fo yrotsiH
The first construction of the Bell
TOWER Tower were first entrusted to him the

same year that work on the new
cathedral "Santa Maria del Fiore"
began.
GIOTTO
He became the New Chief Master
after Arnolfo di Cambio. During his
three years as the head of this
project, he devoted himself mainly on
the construction of the Bell Tower,
overlooking the construction of the
catherdral.
FRANCESCO TALENTI
He eventually finish the Bell Tower in
1358. He designed and built the last
two levels, including the double
windows on the two floors before the
last and large windows on the top
level where the bells are.
2 erutcetihcrA fo yretsiH
ARCHES
pointed
VAULTS
Elements
Ribbed
WALLS
Thinner with large openings
WINDOWS
Pointed arches, often with tracery
ARCHES
The arches are pointed just like any
other gothic style architecture.
CAMPANILE DOOR
VAULT
Like the Cathedral, the Tower is decorated on all sides with white, green
WALLS and pink marble; geometric shapes that outline the bas-reliefs depicting
important city guilds and biblical scenes, as well as the sculptures of
saints that line the second level.
WINDOWS
The top three levels

contain the mullioned
windows and were
built by Francesco Talenti
between 1348 and 1359.
Atop the Campanile is a
machicolated terrace.
Mullioned windows have
vertical elements dividing
the window.
THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY:
JAMELA DENISSE A. QUITAIN
ARC 1208
REFERENCES
HTTPS://WWW.CIAOFLORENCE.IT/EN/PAGE/156
HTTPS://WWW.ITSTUSCANY.COM/EN/GIOTTOS-
BELL-TOWER-AN-EXAMPLE-OF-FLORENTINE-
CRAFTSMANSHIP/#:~:TEXT=GIOTTO'S%20BELL%20T
OWER%2CMADE%20BETWEEN,MOST%20SYMBOLIC%
20MONUMENTS%20OF%20CHRISTIANITY.
HTTPS://WWW.FLORENCEINFERNO.COM/GIOTTO-
BELL-TOWER/
HTTP://WWW.DIGITAL-
IMAGES.NET/GALLERY/SCENIC/FLORENCE/DUOMO/
CAMPANILE/CAMPANILE.HTML
LEON CATHEDRAL
León Catedral de la Asuncíon
Plaza Regla, s/n, 24003 León, Spain
North-Western Spain
Built between 1747 and the early 19th century
30m height
In 1844, the Cathedral of León, dedicated to Santa

Mara de la Regla, was designated as a Cultural Interest
Site. It is known as the Pulchra Leonina and was designed
by master architect Enrique and is a masterpiece of the
Gothic style that dominated the mid-13th century. It was
nearly finished by the late 16th century.
There are two towers on the main

façade. The 'clock tower’ is the
southernmost tower. The inside is a mix of
architecture, painting, sculpture, and other
forms of art. In the pointed arches
between the two towers, there are three
entrances with sculptures. A big rose
window may be found in the middle part.
The figure of the Virgin Blanca and the Locus Appellatione, where
justice was served, are particularly noteworthy.
The Cathedral is about 1,800 square meters of stained-glass

windows are one of the cathedral's most popular tourist attractions.
The vast majority of them are original and date from the fourteenth
to the fifteenth centuries, which is a rarity. They are among the finest
stained glass works in the world.
Also called The House of Light. It was built on the site of previous Roman
baths of the 2nd century which, 800 years later, king Ordoño II converted
into a palace.
The Cathedral is also one of The Way of Saint James' three most
prominent cathedrals (or in Spanish, El Camino de Santiago). It is a
popular tourist destination, along with the Burgos Cathedral and the
Cathedral in Santiago de Compostela, and it is a holy worshiping spot
that is highly dear to the inhabitants of its city.
It is one of Leon's most prominent features,
as well as one of the camino's most important
stops.
By sustaining the clerestory and the weight of the
high roofs, the flying buttress originally helped convey
the sense of open space and light to the cathedrals
through solidity and construction.
An arcade is a series of contiguous arches connected by a

colonnade of columns or piers, with each arch supported by a
colonnade of columns or piers. The purpose of exterior arcades is to
provide pedestrians with a safe place to walk. Retail stores may line the
path. An arcade may have arches on both sides of the walkway.
The naves of the León Cathedral are covered with rectangular

quadripartite rib vaults. The transept has a quadripartite vault, which
replaced the 17th-century Baroque dome as part of the late-
nineteenth-century work to bring the structure in line with the rest of
the building.
The León Cathedral is best renowned for pushing the

"dematerialization" of gothic art to its limit, reducing the walls to their
bare minimum and replacing them with stained glass, resulting in one
of the world's biggest collections of medieval stained glass.
SAMPLE SCULPTURES
1482 1533
Valencian Gothic-style civil
building, an emblematic building of the city
and one of the most famous civil gothic
monuments in Europe. It was declared a
National Historic and Artistic Monument in
July1931 and was made a World Heritage
Site by UNESCO in December 1996.
arches
buttresses
gallery arcades
pier and columns
vaults
walls
windows
nave wall into
three horizontal parts—the
arcade at floor level, the
triforium above, and the
clerestory at the top—as
well as to frame sculpture
on the facade
style
of masonry building
characterized by cavernous
spaces with the expanse of
walls broken up by overlaid
tracery
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
MILAN CATHEDRAL
Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica of the Nativity of Saint Mary
Rogelio C. Maligaya I
ARC -1208
MARCH 2022
MILAN
CATHEDRAL
Dedicated to the Nativity of St
Mary (Santa Maria Nascente),
it is the seat of the Archbishop
of Milan, currently Archbishop
Mario Delpini. The cathedral
took nearly six centuries to
complete: construction began
in 1386, and the final details
were completed in 1965. It
showcases both Renaissance
and Gothic styles.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF
MILAN CATHEDRAL
- Exterior - Interior
• Cathedral has one of the highest • Ascetic and rather Dark
Gothic vaults (45 m) in the • Flooring made from the white
world. Candoglia marble with Varenna
• Milan Cathedral is 158 m long. black marble and Arzo red
• 135 spires rise above the marble
cathedral
• Light, Ornate, and Inspiring
ELEMENTS OF
ARCHITECTURE
IN MILAN
CATHEDRAL
ARCHES
Pointed arches were a very unique interior feature in Gothic
Cathedrals like in the Milan Cathedral.
BUTTRESSES
Amid the many spires of the largest cathedral in Italy, and fifth
largest in the world, Flying buttresses line the exterior walls of
the marble brick building, providing ages of support and
reinforcement.
GALLERY ARCADES
Succession of contiguous pointed arches, with each arch
supported by a colonnade of columns or piers
PIERS AND COLUMNS
• Cylindrical and clustered columns and complex piers
• 52 columns (columns of the nave are 24.5 m high)
• The piers were designed by Giovannino de Grassi.
VAULTS
The central vaults of Milan Cathedral are short and
rectangular like the central vaults of northern churches instead
of deep and squares like those of Italian churches.
WALLS
Architectural details with statues on the wall of beautiful
building of the Milan Cathedral (Duomo di Milano), the
cathedral church of Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Dedicated to the
Nativity of St Mary.
WINDOWS
The windows were made by Germans, French and Italian
artists ; few names: Stephen Pandino, Nicolo Varallo, Nicholas
de bonaventuris, Biagio Arcimboldi.
THANK YOU ☺
NAPLES
CATHEDRAL
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Naples Cathedral
The Cathedral of Naples, dedicated
to Our Lady of the Assumption, is
famous for preserving the relics of
Saint Gennaro, patron saint of the city
and it's home to important artistic,
cultural and historic heritage. It is also
called Duomo di San Gennaro.
Today, the Cathedral of Naples is a stunning example of a fusion of
architectural styles, including Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and neo-Gothic.
ARCHES
GALLERY ARCADES
PIERS
AND
COLUMNS
VAULTS
WALLS
WINDOWS
Page 01/12
Presentation By:
Vernel De Rosas Jr.

ARC 1208
Page 02/12
The Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris is France's most visited
monument and a marvel of Gothic design. It was constructed near
the far end of the Île de la Cité during the Middle Ages. The
construction began in the 13th century and ended in the 15th. The
cathedral was badly damaged during the French Revolution and was
repaired in the nineteenth century by architect Viollet-le-Duc. The
stained glass and rose windows, the towers, the steeple, and the
gargoyles all attract a large number of people. They can also explore
the treasure of Notre-Dame and try their hand at climbing the towers
for a panoramic view of Paris. Notre-Dame is celebrating its 850th
anniversary in 2013.
Page 04/12
Page 05/12
The construction of the new cathedral began in 1163,

when Pope Alexander III placed the cornerstone. The
apse, choir, and new High Altar were all completed by the
time Bishop Maurice de Sully died in 1196, while the nave
itself was nearing completion. Work on the western
facade, which included the west rose window and towers,
began in 1200 and was finished around 1250, along with
a new north rose window. Architects Jean de Chelles and
Pierre de Montreuil renovated the transepts in the latest
form of Rayonnant Gothic architecture in the 1250s, and
the clerestory windows were extended. During the
following century, the last remaining parts were
progressively completed.
Page 06/12
Page 07/12
The nave of the cathedral is 12 meters (39 feet) wide and

128 meters (420 feet) long. The cruciform layout, raised
nave, transept, and tower were all inspired by Romanesque
architecture from the 11th century, but the pointed arches
and rib vaulting were strictly Gothic. It was one of the first
Gothic cathedrals to use "flying buttresses," or arched
exterior supports. These were not part of the building's
original design, but were added after stress fractures
appeared in the thin upper walls as they broke beneath the
weight of the vault. Over a dozen supporting piers were
built in addition to the flying buttresses to support the
external walls and resist the lateral force of the nave
vaulting. Notre Dame is also a Catholic university.
Page 08/12
Page 09/12
Page 10/12
Page 11/12
Page 12/12
Presentation By:
Vernel De Rosas Jr.

ARC 1208
Notre dame
de París
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
intro.
Notre-Dame de Paris ("Our Lady of Paris"),
also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or
simply Notre-Dame, is a historic Catholic
cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la
Cite in Paris, France.
The cathedral is widely considered to be

one of the finest examples of French
Gothic architecture and among the largest
and most well-known church buildings in
the world.
The naturalism of its sculptures and

stained glass are in contrast with earlier
Romanesque architecture.
about.
History of the cathedral
goes back centuries and
it is now almost 860
years old.
The construction began

at 1160 and was built for
over 170 years.
The transition from

Romanesque to the
gothic style was
reflected in the If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data and replace it
appearance of the
building.
about.
The cathedral also
houses some of
Catholicism's
most important
first-class relics
“Notre-Dame Cathedral was including the
added to the UNESCO World Mission purported Crown
of Thorns, a
Heritage List of culturally Statement fragment of the
important sites. “ True Cross, and
one of the Holy
Nails.
history.
1163 - Bishop Maurice de 1699 - Beginning of major

Sully begins construction of redecoration of interior in
new cathedral. Louis XIV style by Hardouin
Mansart and Robert de
1189 - the high altar was Cotte.
consecrated.
15 April 2019 – A fire
1250 - The choir, the destroys a large part of the
western facade, and the roof and the spire.
Your
Logo nave were completed. And Reconstruction begins.
porches, chapels, and other
embellishments were
added over the next 100
years.
characteristics
form.
arches.
The dematerialization is
possible through many
structural innovations
working together. The
POINTED ARCH is an arch,
pointed in shape, reducing
lateral thrust forces. The
reduction of forces allows for
wider and taller spans
between structures.
rib vaults.
The RIB VAULT is one of the
most structural elements on
the interior ceiling of the
church. The builders
thickened the structure
where the forces were
transferring most directly.
Rib vaults appear as Xs on
the ceiling.
flying
buttress.
The flying buttresses
of Notre Dame de
Paris, constructed in
1180, were among
the earliest to be
used in a Gothic
cathedral.
The architects' used the flying
buttresses to support the
building's structure by transferring
the force to the ground. It was
both a decorative and practical
element of history and was
elaborately designed.
The flying buttresses gave a sense

of movement and flight because
they seemed to sweep and dart
around each building. Often, the
flying buttress was decorated with
intricate carvings, giving it a sense
of grandness and importance.
windows.
Stained glass windows was a
prominent feature in gothic
cathedrals. it can be either tall or
large lancet windows or large rose
windows which are guaranteed to
bring in more light.
When it comes to
famous windows, few are
quite as vivid as the Rose
Windows in the Notre-
Dame Cathedral in “These
Chartres.
windows were
made to tell a
story.”
The cathedral
features three rose
windows, so named
because of the
outward radiating,
circular pattern they
are built in.
columns.
you can find massive columns
cylindrical columns in the
main arcade and slenderer and piers.
columns dividing the aisles.
In the choir.
in this photo you can see

both clustered columns,
which continue the pointed
arches along the column
through multiple smaller
columns, as well as smooth
columns with elaborate
capitals.
towers.
The cathedral has two
towers standing 226 ft (69
metres) tall on its façade.
Visitors can climb to the top
and, apart from the
magnificent views of Paris,
you can visit the bell tower,
where the Hunchback of
Notre Dame lived, and see
the cathedral's multiple
gargoyles.
thank you.
presented by Cedric
Mendoza
ORVIETO
CATHEDRAL
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE
ORVIETO CATHEDRAL
ORVIETO CATHEDRAL
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
ORVIETO CATHEDRAL ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS
bring arch and

piers into harmony.
ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS
Oviedo San Salvador
Cathedral
Cathedral
Erine Borbon ARC 1208
“A symbol of Spanish Gothic architecture.”

Introduction
The cathedral of Oviedo is said to be mostly
Gothic in style, with some distinct Baroque,
Romanesque, and Renaissance components.
Location
Spain
Pl. Alfonso II el Casto, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
People
related to the structure
The beginning
King Fruela I of Asturias

The Cathedral was built in 781 AD
under him.
Alfonso II of Asturias
Son of King Fruela I of Asturias , who enlarged the
Cathedral in 802. He is also known as Alfonso the
Chaste, who established Oviedo as the capital of
the Kingdom of Asturias and lived there with his
court.
Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón
The original pierced spire of the cathedral was
damaged by lightning in 1575, but it was rebuilt
by Rodrigo Gil de Hontanón using Gothic and
Renaissance elements.
Juan de Badajoz
The narthex, the most recent medieval
addition, was planned by Juan de Badajoz,
whose initial design had a double-towered
facade (though due to financial issues, only
a tower was built).
Architecture style
Gothic with some distinct Baroque,
Romanesque and Renaissance components.
Architecture style
Combination of Gothic, Romanesque, Baroque and Renaissance style, (mostly Gothic).
There is a progression of the constructive stages
A wonderful collection of Romanesque column-statues can be

found in some Romanesque elements, such as the Southern
Tower or the top portion of the Holy Chamber. San Salvador's
cathedral is primarily a beautiful Gothic structure constructed in
the Classic and Flamboyant styles during the 14th and 16th
centuries. The Chapter Room, which began construction in 1388
and was completed in 1388, was the first element of the new
Gothic cathedral to be completed: it was followed by the cloister
and the choir, all of which were built in a typical Gothic style (with a
large eight-sided dome) (ca. 1400). Throughout the 15th century,
the naves were constructed after the choir was completed.
Arches
The arches of the
cathedral are observed to
be pointed as such is its
gothic influence.
Gallery Arcade
There are two openings,
which are not pointed but
is within a pointed arch.
Vaults
The vaults of the cathedral
are observed to be ribbed,
which gothic architecture
is especially known for
being.
Column
In the 12th century, the double columns
that surround the walls of San Miguel's
chapel of the Oviedo Cathedral were
also added. The figurative capitals of
these columns, which depict the
Apostles, have been attributed to
Master Mateo of Santiago de
Compostela or Master of San Vicente
de Vila.
Windows
The Stained glass window depicting
Emperor Charles V and Eleonor in the
cathedral of San Salvador in Oviedo,
Asturias, Spain. The window is within a
pointed arch reminiscent of the gothic
style.
Thanks!
for listening.
References and sources
https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/cathedral-of-san-salvador-54347.html
https://www.spain.info/en/places-of-interest/cathedral-oviedo/
https://www.spain.info/en/places-of-interest/cathedral-oviedo/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oviedo_Cathedral
#333033 #ffffff #fcba23 #000000

C. Cathedral in Spain
“The fortification is both
castle and palace,
although it was built
more like a courtier
building to fulfill a
military function. Since
the 13th-century the
Castle of Olite was called
as Palace of the King of
Navarre.”
“The Palace of the Kings of Navarre of Olite or The
Royal Palace of Olite was one of the seats of the
Court of the Kingdom of Navarre, since the reign of
Charles III 'the Noble' until its union with Castile
(1512).”
- Charles III is chiefly known for

the administrative and economic reforms
during his reign and for the expulsion of
the Jesuits (1767).
- one of the “enlightened despots”
of the 18th century
“LUXURIOUS CASTLE (2019)
“HEAVILY DESTROYED
IN (1813) BY A FIRE
SET.”
The Palace of the Kings of Navarre of Olite (castle palace of Olite)
consists of three cores:
1. The Old Palace

2. The New Palace
3. The church Iglesia de Santa María la Real.
OLD PALACE - The Old Palace, built in the 13th
century in gothic style, is structured around a
rectangular courtyard around which all dependencies
luenga. On the ground floor there were the stores and
the chapel of St George, built before 1357. Also on the
ground floor stood the royal court's Great Hall, the
main gate to which is on the main façade. The Great
Hall was topped by three towers.
NEW PALACE - New Palace, its cover opens to the
square called Plaza de Carlos III el Noble. At the end
of 14th-century the King of Navarre Charles III
“THE NOBLE”of the house of Évreux, performs
expansion works at the Old Palace in order to give the
court a stationary and stable residence.
IGLESIA DE SANTA MARIA LA REAL – Gothic
Church inside the royal palace, built in 13th-century. It
highlights its cover consists of five decorated pointed
archivolts, like the tympanum which is represented an
image of Saint Mary head of the temple. On both sides a
group of blind arches with images representing the
Apostles. ster discovered of the same period.
ELEMENTS
1. ARCHES
2. BUTTRESSES
3. GALLERY ARCADES
4. PIERS AND COLUMNS
5. VAULTS
6. WALLS
7. WINDOWS
CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
ARROYO, ANJANETTE | ARC 1208

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE II
PALAIS DES PAPES
CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE
Perched atop the Rocher des Doms overlooking the city of

Avignon and the Rhône river, the Palais des Papes (or Popes' Palace)
is surrounded by the Ramparts, the Petit Palais, the Notre Dame des
Doms Cathedral and the famous Saint-Bénézet bridge, best known
as the Pont d’Avignon.
GOTHIC | HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE II

PALAIS DES PAPES
CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE
A major landmark of the 14th century western Christian history, its

construction started in 1335 and took less than 20 years to complete, under
leadership of two builder popes, Benedict the 12th and his successor
Clement the 6th. Flanked by its four stout towers, the palace boasts 15,000
square meters of floor space – that’s four Gothic cathedrals! – making it
the biggest Gothic palace in Europe.

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF PALAIS DES PAPES
CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE
BUTTRESSES
- flying buttress evolved in the

Gothic era from earlier simpler,
hidden supports.

ARCHES
- pointed arch were used to

support very tall buildings and
allow in as much natural light
as possible.

CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE
GALLERY PIERS AND

VAULTS
ARCADES COLUMNS

- multiple pointed openings - cylindrical and clustered - ribbed vaults

columns, complex piers
CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE
WINDOWS

- frequently features tracery,

a decorative type of stone
support, and detailed scenes
from Biblical stories.

WALLS
- pointed arch were used to

support very tall buildings and
allow in as much natural light
as possible.

PALAIS DES PAPES
CATHEDRAL IN FRANCE
Explore the palace’s 20 rooms rich with history such as the papal
private chambers and the frescoes by trecento pre-renaissance era Italian
painter Matteo Giovanetti.
Having welcomed over 600,000 visitors, it is one of the most visited

monuments in France - with good reason, as the entire architectural group
making up the historical center of Avignon is ranked on the UNESCO
World Heritage Sites list.

Merci! :)
End of Presentation
ARROYO, ANJANETTE | ARC 1208

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE II
PALAZZO
PUBBLICO
THE PALAZZO PUBBLICO IS A PALACE
IN SIENA, TUSCANY, CENTRAL ITALY.
MATERIALS:
THE STONE TRIM FORMS A

DISTINCT CONTRAST IN COLOR,
TEXTURE, AND DECORATIVENESS
TO THE BRICK THAT COVERS MOST
OF THE PALACE. STONE TRIM
SURROUNDS THE WINDOWS AND
FACES THE GROUND STORY, THE
PORCH-LIKE CHAPEL, AND THE
UPPER PART OF THE TOWER.
RAMILO, JAMES CHANDY G.

ARC-1208
ABOUT
A MAGNIFICENT EXAMPLE OF SIENESE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, IS
THE ARCHITECTURAL CENTERPIECE OF PIAZZA DEL CAMPO AND ONE
OF SIENA'S TRADEMARKS. ITS SLIGHTLY CONCAVE SHAPE BLENDS IN
SEAMLESSLY WITH THE SURROUNDING STRUCTURES AND DRAWS
ALL ATTENTION TO ITSELF. THE GROUND FLOOR IS MADE OF PALE
TRAVERTINE AND OPENS UP THROUGH A SEQUENCE OF ARCADES
AND POINTED ARCHES, WHILE MULLIONED WINDOWS LEND
REFINEMENT TO THE RED BRICKWORK IN THE UPPER STORIES.
HISTORY
DESPITE THE UNIFIED APPEARANCE OF THE FAÇADE, THE
BUILDING WAS CONSTRUCTED IN STAGES.
CENTER SECTION. A FOUR-BAY CENTER SECTION

WAS BEGUN IN 1297.
WINGS. THE WINGS WERE ADDED NEXT. ALTHOUGH

AN ALLEYWAY SEPARATES THE CENTER SECTION
FROM THE LEFT-WING, THE WING THAT HOUSED THE
PODESTÀ, THIS BREAK IS CONCEALED BY THE USE
OF A CONTINUOUS SYMMETRICAL FAÇADE.
THE CAMPANILE, THE TORRE DELLA MANGIA, WAS
ADDED BETWEEN 1325 AND 1344. THE TOWER'S
HEIGHT OF 87 METERS WAS A SOURCE OF GREAT
PRIDE TO THE CITIZENS OF SIENA.
HISTORY
DESPITE THE UNIFIED APPEARANCE OF THE FAÇADE, THE
BUILDING WAS CONSTRUCTED IN STAGES.
CAPPELLA DI PIAZZA. THE STONE PORCH AT THE

LEFT, THE CAPPELLA DI PIAZZA, WAS BEGUN IN 1352
AND COMPLETED IN 1376 AS A CHAPEL
MEMORIALIZING THE VICTIMS OF THE GREAT
PLAGUE OF 1348 KNOWN AS THE BLACK DEATH. THE
CHAPEL WAS ALTERED IN THE 1460S.
UPPER STORIES ON WINGS. A THIRD STORY WAS

ADDED TO EACH OF THE WINGS IN 1680.
DESIGN
IN SIENA, THE PALAZZO PUBBLICO IS LOCATED ON THE SQUARE DEL
CAMPO, A MAJOR PIAZZA IN THE CITY'S CORE. THE "CAMPO" IS
ANOTHER NAME FOR THE PIAZZA.
THE POINT OF CONFLUENCE OF THE RADIATING LINES IS WHERE

THE BUILDING'S CENTER IS PLACED. THE NINE RULING OFFICIALS
KNOWN AS THE "NINE GOVERNORS AND DEFENDERS OF THE PEOPLE
OF THE CITY" ARE REPRESENTED BY THESE LINES, WHICH SPLIT THE
PAVEMENT INTO NINE PORTIONS.
DESIGN
THE PIAZZA IS FREQUENTLY COMPARED TO A FAN OR SHELL DUE TO
ITS SEMICIRCULAR SHAPE AND THE PRESENCE OF RADIATING LINES.
THE PIAZZA'S SHAPE WAS MORE BALANCED THAN MOST PIAZZAS OF

THE TIME, ALTHOUGH NOT BEING PERFECTLY SYMMETRICAL.
GOTHIC
ELEMENTS
PALAZZO PUBBLICO HAS TRIFORATE WINDOWS,
A SIENESE ARCHITECTURAL SPECIALTY, IN
WHICH A SINGLE-WINDOW APERTURE OR
OPENING IS DIVIDED INTO THREE ARCHES
RESTING ON SMALL COLUMNS. ABOVE THE
PORTALS AND THE WINDOW ARCHES IS THE
BLACK AND WHITE COAT OF ARMS OF THE TOWN
COUNCIL OF SIENA, CALLED THE BALZANA.
ARCHES
BUTTRESSES GALLERY ARCADES
PIERS & COLUMNS VAULTS
WALLS WINDOWS
FRESCOES
THE INTERIOR WALLS ARE DECORATED WITH FRESCO PAINTINGS BY
THE LEADING PAINTERS OF SIENA. BOTH CIVIC AND RELIGIOUS
THEMES ARE DEPICTED.
FAMOUS
PAINTINGS
AMBROGIO LORENZETTI, ALLEGORY OF
THE GOOD GOVERNMENT, FRESCO IN
THE PALAZZO PUBBLICO, SIENA
ALLEGORY OF THE GOOD GOVERNMENT
FRESCOES
SIMONE MARTINI, MAESTÀ (MADONNA
WITH ANGELS AND SAINTS), 1312 - 1315,
SALA DEL MAPPAMONDO, PALAZZO
PUBBLICO, SIENA
SALA DEL MAPPAMONDO

FRESCOES
SIMONE MARTINI, EQUESTRIAN
PORTRAIT OF GUIDORICCIO DA
FOGLIANO,1328-30, PALAZZO
PUBBLICO, SIENA
GUIDORICCIO DA FOGLIANO
SOURCES
HTTP://WWW.SGIRA.ORG/HM/ITARCHREV10.HTM
HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/PALAZZO_PUBBLICO
HTTP://WWW.TRAVELINGINTUSCANY.COM/ART/SIENAPALAZZOPUBB
LICO.HTM
HTTPS://WWW.THEGEOGRAPHICALCURE.COM/POST/GUIDE-TO-
SIENNA-S-PALAZZO-PUBBLICO
Gothic
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 Architecture
Palazzo Vecchio
Chloe Margarette A. Solomon ARC - 1208

History of Architecture 2
About About
The Palazzo Vecchio is the town hall
of Florence, Italy. It overlooks the
Piazza della Signoria, which holds a
copy of Michelangelo's David statue,
and the gallery of statues in the o Ve
cchi
lazz
adjacent Loggia dei Lanzi. o Pa
About
About It was named after the Palazzo della
Signoria, also called Palazzo
Vecchio. It is the main point of the
origin and history of the Florentine
Republic and still maintains its
o Ve reputation as the political focus of

cchi
lazz
the city.
o Pa
o Ve Who designed Palazzo
ala z
cchi
z
o P Vecchio?
Arnolfo di Cambio.
The Tuscan Gothic design of the Palazzo
Vecchio has been traditionally attributed to
Arnolfo di Cambio. It was constructed
between 1298 and 1314 and had additions
by Giorgio Vasari and Buontalenti in the late
16th century.
Palazzo Vecchio
o Ve
ala z
cchi
z
o P What is inside the Palazzo

Vecchio?
Palazzo Vecchio offers Roman ruins, a
Medieval fortress and amazing Renaissance
chambers and paintings. A microcosm
where art and history have been
Palazzo Vecchio indissolubly bound for centuries.
o Ve
cchi
lazz
Why is the Palazzo Vecchio o Pa
important?
Palazzo Vecchio is the main symbol of civil
power for the city of Florence, whose
original project is attributed to Arnolfo di
Cambio. Construction on the solid fortress
began in 1299 above the ruins of the
destroyed Uberti Ghibelline towers,
testimony of the final victory of the Guelph Palazzo Vecchio
faction.
Thank you for listening!

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Rouen Cathedral
Rouen, France
History of Architecture 2 March 2022

BRIEF HISTORY
The cathedral was constructed in two phases: Roman-inspired And Gothic
Inspired
The Chapelle de la Vierge or “Lady Chapel” houses numerous tombs ranging

from Norman dukes and French monarchs to religious leaders. Amongst
these tombs lies that of Richard the Lion Heart – or at least that of his heart.
Tallest cathedral in France with its spire reaching 151 meters high.
Rouen Cathedral appears in all its glory, with a stunning west front comprising
of two mighty towers: Tour de Beurre and Tour Saint Romain.
In more recent years, the beautiful exterior and interior of Rouen Cathedral
have inspired writers and artists alike. Some of the greatest painters of the
20th Century made the cathedral their muse; these include the artist Monet
and the author, Ruskin.
HIstory of Architecture 2 March 2022

Lecture Wrap-Up
“It is the most exquisite piece of pure
Flamboyant work existing. There is
not one cusp, one finial, that is useless,
not a stroke of the chisel is in vain; the
grace and luxuriance of it all are
visible— sensible, rather, even to the
uninquiring eye; and all its minuteness
does not diminish the majesty, while it
increases the mystery of the noble and
unbroken vault.”
- John Ruskin

ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS

ARCHES
On entering the cathedral, the eye ranges an uninterrupted view of the whole
length of the cathedral through a vista of lofty pillars and pointed arches.

BUTTRESSES
Elegant flying buttresses ornate with pinnacles surround the nave on both sides.

GALLERY ARCADE
Two pointed openings under a pointed arch

PIERS &
COLUMNS
Eleven cylindrical clustered columns
and ten pointed arches on each side
support the walls of the cathedral's
nave.

VAULTS
The Rouen vaults dates back to the 13th
century. The height to the vaults
reaches 28 meters, which is much
lower than the cathedral of Metz (41
metres) and France’s record at
Beauvais Cathedral (48m).

Lecture Wrap-Up
WALLS
Thinner and with larger openings. During the Gothic
period, wall structure was reduced to a framework of
mullions supporting windows.

WINDOWS
The styles of Gothic windows ranged from simple lancets to ornate flamboyant
patterns. All the old stained-glass windows of rouen were taken down in 1939,
at the start of the war, as a precaution to prevent them from being destroyed
and were sent to the basements of the castle of Niort.

THANK YOU!
presented by:
Camille Grace S. Prieto
ARC 1208

HISTORY
OF
ARCHITECTURE
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Presented by: Hanna Marie G. Perez
SAINTE CHAPELLE
SAINTE CHAPELLE
A royal chapel on the Île de la Cité in the
River Seine in Paris, France.
Île de la Cité is a small island in the middle
of modern Paris.
Félix Duban, Jean Baptiste Lassus, Louis
Sureda and Émile Boeswillwald), with
Lassus being appointed in late 1836, and
Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814-
79) joining the team as as "Sous-
Inspecteur" a few years later.
In the 13th century at the very time that
sainte-chapelle was built, paris was
becoming the capital that we know it as
today
was completed in 1867.
SAINTE CHAPELLE'S
RELIQUARY
whole point of Sainte
Chapelle
SAINT LOUIS
SAINT LOUIS
Obtained one of the great
relics of Christendom, the
crown of thorns.
Also known as "King Louis
IX".
He purchase the crown
from his cousin who was
the byzantine emperor.
INTERIOR
Lower chapel- used by the Upper chapel- used by the
king’s household king, queen, and the court
SAINTE CHAPELLE'S NICHES
THE RELIC
In medieval civilization, relics were
prized possessions. They worked
miracles, and incredibly elaborate
boxes were made to contain them.
It's possible that this chapel serves
as a reliquary for the Crown of
Thorns in some manner.
RIBBED
GROIN VAULTS
Mullions is a vertical bars between the glass
Beyond the high gothic,
we're in the 13th
century. A time known
as the rayonnant by art
historians, in which the
emphasis is on the thin
line and total opening up
of the walls to windows,
which was an objective
of gothic architecture.
ROSE WINDOW
Were a typical feature of
gothic architecture, but
during this Rayonnant
period, the stone tracery
that make up the stained
glass window becomes
thinner and more
attenuated and more
complex.
EXTERIOR
The Sainte-Chapelle exceedes them all
by its size and the daring of its
conception. Its surface area is 56 feet
wide by 118 feet long. It is 139 feet high,
excluding the steeple, which places it at
the forefront of Gothic cathedrals in
France.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
SALISBURY
CATHEDRAL
Salisbury, Wiltshire England
BRIEF HISTORY
Salisbury Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of

the Blessed Virgin Mary, is an Anglican cathedral in
Salisbury, England. It has the tallest spire in Britain (404
feet); it houses the best preserved of the four surviving
original copies of the Magna Carta (1215); it has the
oldest working clock in Europe (1386); it has the largest
cathedral cloisters and cathedral close (grounds) in
Britain; the choir (or quire) stalls are the largest and
earliest complete set in Britain; the vault is the highest in
Britain. Bigger, better, best—and built in a mere 38 years,
roughly from 1220 to 1258, which is a pretty short
construction schedule for a large stone building made
without motorized equipment.
The foundation stones of the cathedral were laid on
28 April 1220 by William Longespée and by Ela of
Salisbury. Much of the freestone for the cathedral
came from the Teffont Evias Quarry. As a result of
the high water table on the new site, the cathedral
was built on foundations only 4 feet (1.2 m) deep,
and by 1258 the nave, transepts, and choir were
complete. The only major sections begun later were
the cloisters, added in 1240, the chapter house in
1263, the tower and spire, which at 404 feet (123 m)
dominated the skyline from 1320. Because most of
the cathedral was built in only 38 years, it has a
single consistent architectural style, Early English
Gothic. In total, 70,000 tons of stone, 3,000 tons of
timber and 450 tons of lead were used in the
construction of the cathedral.
in the early part of the 14th century, two stories
were added to the tower, and then the pointed
spire was added in 1330. The spire is the most
readily identified feature of the cathedral and is
visible for miles. However, the addition of this
landmark tower and spire added over 6,000
tons of weight to the supporting structure.
Because the building had not been engineered
to carry the extra weight, additional buttressing
was required internally and externally. The
transepts now sport masonry girders, or strainer
arches, to support the weight.
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
ARCHES
Pointed arches and lancet shapes are everywhere, from the prominent west windows to the
painted arches of the east end.
BUTTRESSES
The flying buttresses of Salisbury Cathedral

are unique in their number of diverse types
and in the irregular layout of these types in
the Cathedral plan.
GALLERY ARCADE
One deviation from the typical Gothic style is

the way the lower arcade level of the nave is
cut off by a string course that runs between it
and the gallery. In most churches of this
period, the columns or piers stretch upwards
in one form or another all the way to the
ceiling or vault. Here at Salisbury the arcade
is merely an arcade, and the effect is more
like a layer cake with the upper tiers sitting
on top of rather than extending from the
lower level.
PIERS AND COLUMNS
The narrow piers of the cathedral were

made of cut stone rather than rubble-filled
drums, as in earlier buildings, which
changed the method of distributing the
structure’s weight and allowed for more
light in the interior.The piers are decorated
with slender columns of dark gray Purbeck
marble, which reappear in clusters and as
stand-alone supports in the arches of the
gallery, clerestory, and cloisters.
VAULT
The vaulting is quadripartite with small foliated bosses. It arises from short Purbeck marble
responds and large stiff-leaf capitals. Each respond rests on a corbel with a carved head.
WALLS
The walls are decorated with medieval carvings

WINDOWS
STAINED GLASS AND ROSE WINDOWS

Plan of Salisbury Cathedral
Location Salisbury, Wiltshire Architect(s) Richard Poore; Elias
of Dereham
Country England Style Early English Gothic
Denomination Church of England Years built 1220–1320
Previous Catholic Church Groundbreaking 1220; 802 years ago

denomination
Churchmanship Anglo-Catholic
Length 442 feet (135 m) Tower height 225 feet (69 m)
(without spire)
Nave length 234 feet (71 m)] Number of spires 1
Nave width 78 feet (24 m) Spire height 404 feet (123 m)
Choir height 84 feet (26 m)
Number of towers 1
Seville, Andalusia, Spain
Seville
Cathedral
PRESENTED BY KAYE L. WAGAN
Seville, Andalusia, Spain
Seville
Cathedral
Points of Discussion
Topics to be Covered
Description
Specifications
Architectural Styles
History Summary
Giralda
Major Doors
Elements
2022 | HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2
Cathedral of DID YOU KNOW?
Saint Mary of the better known as Seville Cathedral,
See (Spanish: is a Roman Catholic cathedral in
Catedral de Seville, Andalusia, Spain.
it was registered in 1987 by
Santa María de la UNESCO as a World Heritage Site
Sede) the fourth-largest church in the
world
the largest Gothic church
2022 |HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

Cathedral of DID YOU KNOW?
Saint Mary of the Seville Cathedral houses 80 chapels.
See (Spanish: The Capilla Mayor, or Main Chapel,
Catedral de features what is said to be the largest
altar in the world .
Santa María de la
Sede) More famously though, Seville’s
cathedral also contains the tomb of
Christopher Columbus – the Spanish
explorer.
Cathedral of SPECIFICATIONS
Saint Mary of the
Length- 135 m (443 ft)
See (Spanish:
Width- 100 m (330 ft)
Catedral de
Nave width- 15 m (49 ft)
Santa María de la
Height- 42 m (138 ft)
Sede)
Spire Height- 105 m (344
ft)

Cathedral of ARCHITECTURAL
Saint Mary of the STYLES
See (Spanish:
Gothic Architecture
Catedral de
Moorish Architecture
Santa María de la
Sede)

ARCHITECTS
Alonso Martínez, Pedro

Dancart, Carles Galtés de
Ruan, Alonso Rodríguez
SEVILLE CATHEDRAL
History Summary
A Brief Discussion
Seville Cathedral was built to

demonstrate the city's wealth
and influence, as it had become
a major trading center.
Construction finished a century
later and the cathedral was
inaugurated on October 6th,
1506.
History Summary
A Brief Discussion
The Seville Cathedral was constructed

on the site of a former mosque which
had been erected by the Moors who
conquered the Iberian peninsula from
the 8th century onwards. The mosque
was completed in the late 12th century
but by the mid-13th century, Seville had
been reclaimed by the Catholic Kings of
Spain
History Summary
A Brief Discussion
and the mosque came under the

ownership of the new Christian rulers
who declared it a Christian site of
worship. About a century later, in 1401
the decision was finally made to
construct a cathedral in the place of the
mosque which was, in turn, to be
destroyed.

History Summary
A Brief Discussion
Of the original Muslim monument,

certain architectural features were
preserved and incorporated into the
construction of the cathedral. Of these
the most remarkable is the minaret, a
large tower-like structure used for the
call to prayer, which was converted into
the bell tower, today known as the
‘Giralda’.
History Summary
A Brief Discussion
When construction began on the

cathedral, legend has it that the
clergymen declared 'let us build a
church so beautiful and so grand that
those who see it finished will think we
are mad'.
2022 | HISTORY OF ARCHITECTUURE 2

Giralda
Bell tower
The Giralda is the bell tower of the

Cathedral of Seville. Its height is 343
feet (105 m), and its square base is 23
feet (7.0 m) above sea level and 44
feet (13 m) long per side. The Giralda
is the former minaret of the mosque
that stood on the site under Muslim
rule
Doors Main Door or Door of Assumption,-
in the center of the west facade, is
well-preserved and elaborately
Major doors decorated.
Seville Cathedral has fifteen doors Door of Saint Michael or Door of the
on its four facades. The major Nativity- has sculptures
doors are: representing the birth of Jesus by
Pedro Millan.
WEST FACADE
Door of Baptism,- on the left
side, decorated with a scene
depicting the baptism of Jesus.
Doors North facade
Major doors Door of the Conception
Door of the Lizard (Puerta del
Lagarto)- leads from the Court of the
Seville Cathedral has fifteen doors
Oranges; it is named for the stuffed
on its four facades. The major
doors are:
crocodile hanging from the ceiling.
Door of the Sanctuary (Puerta del
South facade Sagrario)- provides access to the
Door of Saint Cristopher or De sanctuary.
la Lonja- of the south transept, Door of Forgiveness.- belonged to the
it was originally designed by ancient mosque and retains its
the architect Demetrio de los horseshoe arch shape from that time.
Rios.
Doors
East facade
Door of the Bells- so named
because at the time of its
Major doors construction the bells to call the
workers were rung there. The
Renaissance sculptures and the
Seville Cathedral has fifteen doors
on its four facades. The major relief on the tympanum
doors are: representing Christ's Entry into
East facade Jerusalem
Door of Sticks or the Adoration
of the Magi- has a relief of the
Adoration of the Magi at the
top, The name "Palos" or
"Sticks" is due to the wooden
railing
Doors
Major doors
ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
Gothic Architecture

ARCHES
Gothic Architecture Its entrance arch still
preserves its original
appearance with a
pointed horseshoe
arch; the decoration of
plateresque
plasterwork that
covers it.
ARCHES
Gothic Architecture

BUTTRESSES
Gothic Architecture
Seville Cathedral have
a flying buttresses.
The flat roof of the
Seville Cathedral,
featuring its many flying
buttresses.
BUTTRESSES
Gothic Architecture

GALLERY
ARCADES
Gothic Architecture

PIERS AND
COLUMN
Gothic Architecture
the piers and
column of Seville
Cathedral were
rectangular and
fluted
PIERS AND
COLUMN
Gothic Architecture

VAULTS
Gothic Architecture
Gothic ribbed
vaults
Crossing Vault

VAULTS
Gothic Architecture

WALLLS
Gothic Architecture

WINDOWS
Gothic Architecture
One of the few buildings that

have a large number of
stained glass windows. It has
cataloged a total of 81
stained glass windows, being
the oldest of the XIII century.
WINDOWS
Gothic Architecture
The themes are varied, you

can find a cycle formed by
figures of prophets, figures
of evangelists, the life of the
saints, others to the life of
the Virgin and Christ..
WINDOWS
Gothic Architecture

SIENA
CATHEDRAL
History of the Siena Cathedral
SIENA , ITALY
The Siena Cathedral is believed to have

been built on an earlier church dedicated to
the Virgin Mary. payment of six soldi
towards Nicola Pisano, the celebrated artist
in the day is the only record of its
construction in the 12th century.
It was the
episcopal seat of
the Diocese of
Siena, and from
the 15th century
that of the
Archdiocese of
PRESENTED BY : NOEMI D. BRENA
Siena.
03. GALLERY
ARCADES
ARCHITECTURE
Gothic gallery a rc a de s
-Two pointed opening s
under a pointed arc
An arcade is a succession of
ARCHITECT : GIOVANNI DI AGOSTINO contiguous arches, with each

arch supported by a
GIOVANNI PISANO
colonnade of columns or
NICOLA PISANO
piers.
CAMAINO DI CRESCENTINO
01. ARCHES ARCHITECTURAL TYPE : CHURCH
Gothic – Pointed Arches

STYLE : ITALIAN, GOTHIC, ROMANESQUE,
Ro m a n e sq u e b u ild ing s u se d CLASSICAL

ro u n d e d a rc h e s, w h ile G o th ic
stru c tu re s fa v o re d p o in te d
GROUNDBREAKING : 1196
arch es. As a result of t h ese
stru c tu ra l d iffe re n c e s, 04.PIERS AND
R o m a n e s q u e interiors feel h e a v y
and eart hbou nd, while Go th i c
COMPLETED : 1348
COLUMNS
interiors ar e ex pan siv e a n d light- The fo re runne r of the
filled. G o thic c lus te re d
c o lum n, it is c ro s s -
s h a p e d in section, with
s ha fts p la c e d in the
02.BUTTRESSES recesses.
Flying buttresses is the

arch support for the thin
We prefer young people to get
gothic walls.
Apa rt ment with new relation in every
business with us
05. VAULTS 06.WALLS 7. WINDOWS
Rom a ne sque G othic Rom a ne sq ue G othic Rom a ne sq ue G othic
Mostly ba rre l Groin vaulted Thick with small Thinne r w ith la rg e Round a rc he s Pointed Arc he s
vaults som e or ribbed vault openings openings som e tim e s ,often with
groin vaults cathedrals . paired tracery
B AS ILIC A OF SIENA CATHEDRAL
SANT'AMBROGIO
IN MILAN ST. J OHN SIENA CATHEDRAL
EPIS C OB AL
CHURCH
Did you know :
Siena’s Duomo was built by Gothic

m a ste r Nic o la Pisano. His son,
Giovanni, drew up the plans for the
lower half of the f ac a de , begun in
1285. The fac ade ’ s upper half was
a d d e d in the 14th century
STRASBOURG CATHEDRAL
A GOTHIC MASTERPIECE
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 | ARC 1208

▪ Strasbourg Cathedral or Cathedral Notre-Dame de
Strasbourg is located in the Alsace region of France.
( Strasbourg is located on the French side of the Rhine River on
the Eastern border with Germany. The Cathedral is a landmark
that can be seen from both sides of the border.)
▪ Its full name is the Cathedral of our Lady of Strasbourg de
Notre Dame.
▪ It is one of the finest examples of late Gothic architecture
in the world even though considerable parts of it are still in
▪ From 1647 until 1874 (227 years), it was the world’s tallest
building with a height of 142 metres (466 feet) and today it is
the sixth-tallest church in the world and the highest extant
structure built entirely in the Middle Ages.
▪ It is the second most visited church or cathedral in France,
second only to Notre-Dame de Paris.
HISTORY OF STRASBOURG CATHEDRAL
▪ Strasbourg Cathedral is an outstanding

masterpiece of Gothic art. The
construction of the Romanesque
cathedral, of which only the crypt and the
footprint remain, began in 1015. The spire
of the current building, in a Gothic style,
was completed in 1439.
▪ The Cathedral stands on the exact site of
a roman temple built on a little hill above
the muddy ground. The first version of the
church was starting to be built during 1015
by proposal of Bishop Werner Von
Habsburg , with the support of Emperor
Henri II, but fire destroyed most of the
original Romanesque Ottonian style
wooden-framed building in 1176.
• By the time that cathedral was being
renovated (at the end of the 12th century),
the gothic architectural style has reached
Alsace and the future cathedral was
starting to develop all characteristics of
Gothic aesthetics. The project of the first
cathedral in Alsace was handed to
craftsman and stonemasons who had
already worked on the also famous gothic
cathedral in Chartres.
• Built from a pinkish sandstone quarried in
the Vosges mountains, the colors change
depending on the light and time of day.
Moreover, the city of Strasbourg has
installed magical lighting effects around
the Cathedral which give it an air of
majesty during the evening hours.
“GIGANTIC
AND DELICATE
MARVEL”
-VICTOR HUGO
• Strasbourg Cathedral
facade offers a fantastic
wealth of ornamental
features. Viewed from the
outside, the cathedral’s
facade provides one of
the finest picture books of
the Middle Ages that you
will ever see. The
hundreds of sculptures
which almost seem to leap
out at you from the wall
make great use of light
and shadow effects.
ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
ARCHES
• Strasbourg Cathedral have

pointed arches (Gothic arch)-
a pointed crown, whose two
curving sides meet at a
relatively sharp angle at the
top of the arch.
BUTTRESSES

four narrow buttresses that
support and divide the façade.
Each buttresses are topped
with lots of bishops and other
types of religious figures, so as
not to give the gargoyles top
billing
PIERS AND COLUMNS

gothic style columns that is
clustered and cylindrical, and
complex piers. Each columns
have sixteen smaller columns,
of which five reach upward to
support the vaults overhead.
The meeting points between
the columns and the vault ribs
is decorated with vegetal
sculpture.
VAULTS

gothic pointed ribbed vaults
that is defined by the
systematic use of arch bands
and wall ribs, along with ribs. It
was then perfected with the
pointing of arches.
WALLS
• Strasbourg Cathedral retained

its essentially Romanesque
form as it have thick walls.
WINDOWS

windows that are pointed
arches and tracery.
THE GREAT ROSE WINDOW
• Above the tympana of

Strasbourg Cathedral is the
magnificent Rose Window by
Erwin von Steinbach. It
constitutes the central point of
the façade. This piece of work
(15 metres in diameter) is
unique of its kind. Unlike the
Gothic tradition of featuring
Saints, it instead shows ears of
wheat. They symbolised the
commercial power of
Strasbourg in the Middle Ages.
THANK YOU
PREPARED BY: MARK JAY GOOC
THE
TOWER
OF
LONDON
BACKGROUND
The rebirth of Gothic architecture began in the United Kingdom in the late 1700s. The movement was fueled in part by a
literary obsession with medieval times—think knights, castles, and monasteries. Starting with Palace of westminster,
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
the fanciful home of a Gothic novelist, the nostalgic movement spread across the country. Gothic Revival architecture,
unlike original Gothic architecture, was used in many types of buildings—not only religious ones. Medieval elements
were even incorporated into the façades of otherwise ordinary buildings. By the end of the 19th century, London was
the epicenter of monumental Gothic Revival architecture. The century gave a new elegance, and new life, to the style.
PALACE OF WESTMINSTER
ELEMENTS
ARCHES
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
pointed (Gothic) arch

were used as
solutions to the
problem of building a
very tall structure
while preserving as
much natural light as
possible.
BUTTRESSES
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
A flying buttress is a
support on the side of a
building which leaves
open space on the
ground.
GALLERY ARCADES
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
An arcade is a succession of
contiguous arches, with
each arch supported by a
colonnade of columns or
piers. Exterior arcades are
designed to provide a
sheltered walkway for
pedestrians
PIERS AND COLUMN
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Column and pier treatments

developed from two sources—
stone piers and wood posts—and
in many instances elements
borrowed from both origins finally
coalesced into the pier and
column traditions of history. With
the first rough shaping of stone
for building purposes the single
stone pier came into use.
VAULTS
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
The gothic vaults, unlike the semi-

circular vault of Roman and
Romanesque buildings, can be used
to roof rectangular and irregularly
shaped plans such as trapezoids.
The other structural advantage is
that the pointed arch channels the
weight onto the bearing piers or
columns at a steep angles. This
enabled architects to raise vaults
much higher than was possible in
WALLS
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
The use of the pointed arch and
vault will make it possible for the
wall. Now, it has a completely
different role to that of the
Romanesque and its articulation
is also different. In the Gothic art,
the wall is reduced to a closure
and the support function was also
in the Romanesque. The wall is
built as a transparent and
translucent structure on three
levels.
WINDOWS
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Since the walls themselves

were no longer the primary
supports, Gothic buildings
could include large areas
of glass. Huge stained
glass windows and a
profusion of smaller
windows created the effect
of lightness and space.
VALENCIA
CATHEDRAL
VALENCIA CATHEDRAL
VALENCIA CATHEDRAL (CATEDRAL DE VALENCIA) IN SPAIN, WAS BEGUN IN THE 13TH
CENTURY AND BOASTS AN ECLECTIC RANGE OF STYLES. WHILST MOSTLY COMPLETED BY
THE END OF THE 15TH CENTURY, VALENCIA CATHEDRAL WAS CONSTRUCTED OVER THE
COURSE OF SEVERAL CENTURIES, IMBUING THIS MOSTLY GOTHIC BUILDING WITH
ROMANESQUE, BAROQUE AND OTHER INFLUENCES REPRESENTED IN THE CATHEDRAL’S
MAIN DOORS.

This diversity is also be mirrored in the cathedral site’s history: before

the creation of Valencia Cathedral the site was once home to a
mosque, which in turn had previously been a Roman temple. Aspects
of these structures can still be recognised today in the shape of the
cathedral.
History of Cathedral
The cathedral was consecrated in 1238 by the
first bishop of Valencia following the Catholic
Monarchs’ Reconquista. Valencia Cathedral was

built over the site of a former Visigothic

cathedral that the Moorish inhabitants had
turned into a mosque. The bishop Andreu
d’Albalat in 1262 had resolved to knock down
the prior church because of its ties to the
Muslims; the building still had inscriptions on
the walls from the Qur’an.
The new cathedral was designed in the city’s distinct Gothic style, and
stones from neighbouring quarries were used to quickly build the
cathedral, marking the city as Christian against the Muslims. During
the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries, the exterior of
Valencia Cathedral stayed largely the same while the interior gained
exquisite sculptural decorations and a high altar.
Similarly, the Baroque influence saw a new German-designed
main door in 1703, although it could not be finished because of
the War of the Spanish Succession. In the later 18th century, the
cathedral saw a renewed effort at providing it with a uniform neo-
classical appearance – the original Gothic seen as vulgar.
While Valencia Cathedral was recognised as a historic and artistic
landmark in 1931, it suffered terrible damage after a fire during the
Spanish Civil War and lost many decorative features such as the
organs. In the 1970s, efforts to restore the Gothic exterior were
undertaken and since the 1990s has once again been declared a
cultural landmark.
VALENCIA CATHEDRAL
TODAY

TODAY, VISITORS WILL FIND VALENCIA CATHEDRAL BETWEEN THE OLD TOWN’S MOST
ICONIC PLAZAS – PLAZA DEL VIRGEN AND PLAZA DEL LA REINA. VISITORS CAN COLLECT
A FREE AUDIO GUIDE ALLOWING YOU TO WANDER THE CATHEDRAL AT YOUR LEISURE
WHILST DISCOVERING THE BUILDING’S HISTORY.

INSIDE, YOU CAN FIND THE SANTO CALIZ CHAPEL, RUMOURED TO HOLD A CHALICE
THAT WAS USED BY CHRIST AT THE LAST SUPPER, AS WELL AS A FAMOUS PAINTING BY
GOYA IN THE SAINT FRANCIS BORJA CHAPEL. THEN CLIMB THE SPIRAL STAIRCASE THAT
LEADS UPWARDS TO A TERRACE BOASTING MAGNIFICENT VIEWS OF VALENCIA.
ARCH
BUTTRESSES
GALLERY ARCADES
PIERS AND COLUMNS
VAULTS
WALLS
WINDOWS
THANK YOU!!!
VALENCIA
CATHEDRAL
G OT H I C A R C H I T E C T U R E
V A L E N C I A C AT E D R A L I S T H E
M O S T I M P O R TA N T R E L I G I O U S
BUILDING, AND ITS TOWER, “ EL
M I G U E L E T E ”, I S O N E O F T H E
S Y M B O L S O F T H E C I T Y.
Add a Footer 2
HISTORY
The cathedral was consecrated in 1238 by the first bishop
of Valencia following the Catholic Monarchs’ Reconquista.
Valencia Cathedral was built over the site of a former
Visigothic cathedral that the Moorish inhabitants had
turned into a mosque. Construction began on the
cathedral in 1262 but wasn't completed until around
1459. Still, additions and improvements continued on the
cathedral for hundreds of years. A building was added to
the church as late as 1970.
Add a Footer 3
THE EXTERIOR OF THE
C AT H E D R A L F E AT U R E S T H E
O U T S TA N D I N G P U E R TA D E L
PA L A U D O O R , T H E O L D E S T I N
THE CHURCH, IN THE
ROMANESQUE STYLE WITH
MUDEJAR ELEMENTS; AND THE
15TH CENTURY DOOR OF THE
APOSTLES.
Add a Footer 4
ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
G OT H I C A R C H I T E C T U R E
ARCHES
• POINTED - varied from a very
sharp form, to a wide,
flattened form.
Add a Footer 6
BUTTRESSES
• FLYING BUTTRESSES
Add a Footer 7
ARCADES
8
PIERS AND COLUMNS
CYLINDRICAL AND CLUSTERED

COLUMNS, COMPLEX PIERS
9
WALLS
• Thinner, with large
openings
10
VAULTS
• RIBBED
Add a Footer 11
WINDOWS
POINTED ARCHES, OFTEN WITH
TRACERY
12
BEAUTIFUL
ELEMENTS INSIDE
THE VALENCIA
CATHEDRAL
Add a Footer 13
CAPILLA DEL SANTO Chapel of the Holy
CÁLIZ Chalice and former
chapterhouse
• The Holy Chalice vessel, or
Santo Cáliz, is an agate cup
preserved in the Cathedral of
Valencia. It is the object most
commonly credited as being the
actual Holy Grail used by Jesus
during the Last Supper. It is
preserved in a chapel consecrated
to it, where it still attracts the
faithful on pilgrimage.
Add a Footer 14
EL MIGUELETE
This is the valencian gothic-style bell tower
of valncia cathedral. It is 50.85 metres high
and was built between 1381 and 1424 by
andrés juliá and others. Access to the tower
is from inside the cathedral by means of a
spiral staircase with 207 steps. An 18th
century steeple crowns the miguelete belfry.
15
THANK YOU
HEART A. EVANGELISTA
16
Westminster
Abbey
PRESENTED BY XYRA AIRYSH INANDAN

Westminster Abbey
Topics to be Covered
Westminster Abbey Information

Architectural History
Coronations, Weddings, and Burials
Major Building material
8 Structures in Westminster Abbey
5 Architectural Features of Westminster Abbey
Westminster A CHURCH IN LONDON,
UNITED KINGDOM
Abbey Westminster Abbey is a London church that hosts
Information coronations and other important national events.

It is located in the Greater London borough of
Westminster, immediately west of the Houses of
Parliament.
It was refounded as the Collegiate Church of St. Peter in
Westminster by Queen Elizabeth I in 1560 on the
premises of a former Benedictine monastery.
In 1987, UNESCO classified Westminster Abbey, St.
Margaret's Church, and the Houses of Parliament as a
World Heritage Site.
Architectural History
According to legend, Saberht, the East Saxons' first Christian
monarch, founded a church on a little island in the River
Thames, then known as Thorney but afterwards known as
the west minster (or monastery), which was miraculously
consecrated by St. Peter.
On the site, St. Edward the Confessor constructed a new
church, which was consecrated on December 28, 1065.
It was quite large and had a cruciform shape.
Henry III demolished Edward's church (except the nave) in
1245 and replaced it with the current abbey church, which
was built in the pointed Gothic style of the time.
Contemporary French cathedral architecture had a big
influence on the design and layout.
INTERIOR
The choir of Westminster

Abbey, London.
Westminster Abbey
INTERIOR
Henry VII Chapel, Westminster

Abbey, London, oil on canvas
Westminster Abbey
MAJOR BUILDING MATERIAL
Westminster Abbey
01 02 03
Marble Sandstone Limestone
2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR
8 Structures in
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey

Nave
This area is found in the abbey's
western wing.
The cloisters
The abbey's cloisters were the
epicenter of monastic life between
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Pyx chamber
As part of the Undercroft, the Pyx
chamber is located beneath the
monks' dormitory.
Jerusalem
chambers
The abbot of Westminster Abbey used
to live in the Jerusalem chambers,
which were added in the fourteenth
century.
North transept of the
abbey
Under Henry II's reign, the north transept (or front) of
Westminster Abbey was rebuilt in Gothic architecture style
in 1265.
Henry VII's Lady

Chapel
The Lady Chapel was originally intended as a
dedication to the Virgin Mary, though it is now
more commonly known as Henry VII's Chapel.

Poets’ corner
The abbey's south transept is home to
Poet's Corner. Hundreds of writers and
poets, including the Bronte sisters, Geoffrey
Chaucer,
Western towers
The Western Towers, designed by Nicholas
Hawksmoor in the eighteenth century,

INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR
5 Architectural Features
of Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey

Vaulted ceilings
The abbey's ribbed vaulted ceilings have a series of
exposed beams arranged at prominent focus points
to give the vaults a structural character.
Flying buttresses
Flying buttresses reinforce the exterior walls of a
structure, allowing it to hold more steadily
against adverse conditions or force.

Pointed arches
A pointed arch is a building that has
curved sides and a strongly pointed tip.
Rose windows
Rose windows, which are typically filled with
stained glass and have a rose form, are a popular
feature of Gothic architecture. The abbey's north
transept is highlighted by a huge rose window.

Geometric design
Patterned, repetitive shapes are used extensively
throughout the abbey's decor to create a sense of
unity and proportionality.

INTERIOR
Hammer-beam roof

Westminster Abbey
WHITE TOWER IN BRIXEN
THE "WHITE TOWER" IS LOCATED IN BRIXEN, A SMALL

TOWN IN SOUTH TYROL, ITALY. IT DATES BACK TO THE 15TH CENTURY. THE
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE TOWER STANDS 72M TALL AND THE CATHEDRAL
CLOSE TO IT IS DEDICATED TO SAINT MICHAEL. ALONG WITH THE TWO
TOWERS OF THE CATHEDRAL OF BRIXEN, IT IS ONE OF THE EMBLEMS OF
THE CITY'S BISHOPRIC. IT HAS ABOUT 200 STAIRS WHICH LEAD TO THE
COMPLEX CARILLON MECHANISM OF 43 BELLS. AFTER ITS RESTORATION IN
2006, THE WHITE TOWER IS USED AS A MUSEUM. THE WHITE TOWER IS A
REGISTERED CULTURAL HERITAGE MONUMENT IN SOUTH TYROL.
The construction of the tower started in the 15th century. In 1444
the tower caught fire and in 1459 the theologian Nicholas of Cusa
commissioned its reconstruction in a Gothic style.[3] Because of
the tower's new roof color, the local population named it "Black
Tower". In 1591 an octagonal brick helmet was constructed,[4]
and the roof of the tower was painted white, so it was renamed
the "White Tower"
The Tower also had a double-sloped roof, which was used by firemen to detect
potential fires. This type of roof was often copied in the area near the city of Brixen .
The naming convention changed from "Black Tower" to "White Tower"; the height of
the tower was also increased. It received a Gothic bell chamber and a pointed
octagonal Gothic helmet, which was made of masonry in 1591 and dyed white. The
"White Tower" is one of the few architectural reminders of the late Gothic Style in
South Tyrol. A large part of the ecclesiastical and secular building stock of the city of
Brixen had been converted to Baroque style after 1600 or had undergone historical
redesigns in the 19th century. In the history of houses in Brixen by Mader and
Sparber, reference is made to a coloured pen drawing with coats of arms and sayings,
which is exhibited in the Diocesan Museum showing multiple milestones about the
history of the Tower
The tour of the "White Tower" begins from some outside stairs leading to the west side up
to an entrance door with iron leads. The first inside staircase is bricked and leads from the
center towards north on the first floor. Here, the counterweights of the old clock are
located where initially there used to be the ropes used to ring the bells.
Connected through a mezzanine to the rise to the next flight of stairs, on the third floor
there is a wooden scaffolding on which, in the past, ropes and counterweights were
placed. This is also the place where the watchman controlled the city of Brixen. The
mechanical clock is on the fourth floor, made by a wooden cabinet that is accessible
through a short flight of stairs from the east. The rise goes up to five illuminated loopholes
to the east, one above the other.From here begins the climb to the fifth floor, where gears
and regulators for the three clocks on the east are located .On the south side, at the
height of the clocks double lancet window, a sundial is attached. The rise to the sixth floor
opens towards the bell chair containing six bells. The room is divided into three by an
entablature: west, center and east. In the center is located the great one, dedicated to
Saint Michael Bell Jar.
Except for the death knell, all bells come from Luigi Colbacchini, who
cast them in Trento in 1922.The death knell comes from the previous
bell and was made by Chiappani in Trento in 1899. In the tower museum
there are the rooms of the tower guard, the carillon made in 2007 with
43 bells from Holland as well as information about the tower and the
town history.The bell system in the Brixen Cathedral as well as the one
in the Parish Church of St. Michael is taken care of by the company
Berger Kirchturmtechnik from Virgen (in East Tyrol). Both systems were
equipped with new counter pendulum systems
Presented by CARL ALEXIS L. DE LEON

The Winchester Cathedral is the Cathedral of the City of
Winchester, England. It is the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity,
Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Swithun. This Cathedral is
the largest Cathedral in Northern Europe.
York Cathedral
The
The Pivot
Pivot of
of the
the British
British History
History
York Cathedral
Description
Description
The York Cathedral, commonly known as York Minster, has played a
crucial role in deciding the path of British history from the 2nd
century. Today, It houses the Archbishop of York, the Church of
England's third-highest office, after the monarch and the
Archbishop of Canterbury.
York Minster is one of the most spectacular churches in the world.
The Minster has been at the heart of Christianity in the north of
England since the 7th century, and it is now a functioning church
steeped in daily worship and prayer. The Minster was constructed
for God's honor. From the magnificent, handmade stone to the
unrivaled collection of medieval stained glass, every feature of
this historic structure portrays the narrative of Jesus Christ.
York Cathedral
York Cathedral
Trivia
Trivia
Trivia
1 It was struck by a lightning bolt

On 9 July 1984, on a hot summer’s night, a lightning bolt struck
York Minster. Fire engulfed the roof, until it collapsed at 4am.
The convectional heat from the fire cracked the 7,000 pieces of
2
glass in the Rose Window in the South Transept into about
40,000 places – but remarkably, the window stayed in one piece.
The Rose Window is world famous

The Rose Window was produced in the year 1515 by the workshop
of Master Glazier Robert Petty. The outer panels contain two red
Lancastrian roses, alternating with panels containing two red
and white Tudor roses. There are about 128 stained glass
windows in York Minster, made from more than 2 million
separate glass pieces.
York Cathedral
https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-york-minster/
Trivia
Trivia
3 The tower weighs the same as 40 jumbo jets

The York Cathedral was built out of cream-coloured magnesian
limestone, quarried from nearby Tadcaster. The structure is
surmounted by the central tower, which has a height of 21
4
storeys and weighs about the same as 40 jumbo jets. On a very
clear day Lincoln Cathedral can be seen 60 miles away.
Some parts of the cathedral roof were designed by children

During the restoration following the 1984 fire, Blue Peter held a
children’s competition to design the new bosses for the
cathedral roof. The winning designs depicted Neil Armstrong’s
first steps on the Moon, and the 1982 raising of the Mary Rose,
Henry VIII’s warship.
York Cathedral
https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-york-minster/
York Cathedral
Elements
arches gallery arcades
buttresses piers and columns
windows vaults
walls
Arches
Arches
Pointed Arches
Gothic cathedrals were tall
and spacious, defined by the
extraordinary amount of light
that permeated through
massive stained-glass windows
contained within pointed
arches. This towering
architecture was meant to
symbolize humanity reaching
toward God, and pointed

arches made it possible.
York Cathedral
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-
a-pointed-arch-definition-architecture.html
Buttresses
Buttresses
Flying Buttresses
An arch that extends out from
a tall stone wall is a flying

buttress, an architectural
feature that was especially
popular during the Gothic
period most commonly found
on very old churches and
cathedrals. The practical
purpose of a flying buttress is
to help hold the heavy wall up,
but it also serves an aesthetic
purpose.
York Cathedral
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/flying%20buttress
Gallery
Gallery Arcades
Arcades
Pointed Openings
The York Minster’s nave is the
widest Gothic nave in England.
It exhibit the magnificent
gallery arcade. The east wall
clerestory has an arcade of
five lancet arches in each bay
separated by a passageway
from the three lancet windows.
York Cathedral
https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AGTRAU75EXURJ48R
Piers and Columns
cylindrical and
clustered
England is one of the
forerunners of the Gothic
clustered column. It is cross-
shaped in section, with shafts
placed in the recesses.
York Cathedral
https://www.britannica.com/technology/compound-pier
Vaults Ribbed
The vaults at York span some
15 m, larger than the average
12 m of the greater English
church. The vaulted ceiling
over the eastern limb of the
Minster was rebuilt after being
destroyed in 1829 when an
arsonist set fire to the choir.
York Cathedral
https://www.flickr.com/photos/amthomson/15164030543
Walls Interesting Carvings
The York Cathedral's wall is
thinner than the Romanesque
architecture's walls but with
more windows and openings.
Some of the York Minster's
finest, most interesting, and
oldest carvings decorate the
walls of the octagonal Chapter
House.
York Cathedral
https://www.tripsavvy.com/facts-and-figures-about-york-minster-1662731
Windows The Great East Window
The size of a tennis court,
the Great East Window was
created between 1405 and
1408 by master glazier John
Thornton and shows all seven
churches into one image, each
represented by an archbishop
standing in a shrine-like
building.
York Cathedral
Windows The Rose Window
Commemorating the union of
the royal houses of York and
Lancaster following the Wars
of the Roses, the Rose Window
in the south transept dates
from about 1500.
York Cathedral
Windows The Five Sisters Window
The Five Sisters Window in
York Minster’s North Transept
is the only memorial in the
country to women of the British
Empire who lost their lives
during the First World War.
Each lancet is over
52 feet (16 m) high.
York Cathedral
Windows The Great West Window
Built between 1338 and 1339,
it shows the hierarchy of the
Church as you look up the
window. The Great West
Window is colloquially known
as ‘The Heart of Yorkshire’
due to the shape of its
upper stonework.
York Cathedral
York Cathedral
The
The Pivot
Pivot of
of the
the British
British History
History

ARC 1208 - Compilation - Gothic Structures

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History Of Architecture

Harvey Laguio Add Account

Harvey Laguio Add Account

Albi Cathedral, The Largest Brick Cathedral in the World! Located in 5 Bd

Harvey Laguio Zaha Hadid

Albi Cathedral Elements

The seat of the

It was begun in 1282 and was

The vaults of the chapels

Picardy, is one of the largest 'classic'

Gothic churches of the 13th century.

It is notable for the coherence of its

plan, the beauty of its three-tier

interior elevation and the particularly

fine display of sculptures on the

principal facade and in the south

Department of the Somme, Amiens Cathedral is

one of the largest churches in France and one of

the most complete 13th century Gothic churches

with a high degree of continuity, the master

builders being united by strong links (Robert de

Luzarches (1220-1223), then his assistant, Thomas

de Cormont (1223-1228), then his son, Renaud (1228-

REPRESENT A DIFFERENT PERIOD OF THE

BETWEEN 1220 TO 1288, IS A

MASTERPIECE OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

FOR THE BEAUTY OF ITS INTERIOR

ELEVATION, ITS PRODIGIOUS SCULPTED

DECORATION AND ITS STAINED GLASS.

CHURCH WERE REMOVED TO PROTECT THEM

DURING BOTH THE FIRST AND SECOND

WORLD WAR, AND THE CHURCH SUFFERED

ONLY MINOR DAMAGE. HOWEVER, IN 1920,

SOME OF THE WINDOWS, WHICH WERE

BEING STORED IN THE WORKSHOP OF A

MASTER GLASS MAKER, FOR THEIR

PROTECTION, WERE DESTROYED BY A FIRE.

KNOWN FOR ITS MEDIEVAL

WALL PAINTINGS INSIDE AND

THE TRULY SPECTACULAR

GOTHIC SCULPTURES THAT

ADORN ITS WESTERN FAÇADE.

DURING THE DAY VISITORS

CAN SEE THE EXCELLENTLY

WALL PAINTINGS AND

SCULPTURES INSIDE THE

CHURCH. AT NIGHT, DURING

SUMMER AND DECEMBER, THE

SCULPTURES ON THE WESTERN

FAÇADE ARE LIT UP DURING AN

ENGAGING LIGHT SHOW.

POSSIBLE THE EXCEPTIONAL HEIGHT OF THE WALLS OF THE NAVE AND

THE CATHEDRAL, WHERE THE AMBULATORY AND CHAPELS ARE LOCATED, TO

STRENGTHEN THE UPPER WALLS OF THE CLERESTORY.

THE VAULTS WHICH COVER THE NAVES OF

AMIENS CATHEDRAL ARE FORMIDABLE

VAULTS THAT RISE UP TO 42, 3 AND 14 M

THE WEST FACADE OF THE CATHEDRAL WAS

BUILT IN A SINGLE CAMPAIGN FROM 1220 TO

1236, AND SHOWS AN UNUSUAL DEGREE OF

CATHEDRAL, LOCATED OVER THE CROSSING POINT OF THE

TRANSEPT AND NAVE, WAS DESTROYED BY LIGHTNING IN 1528, BUT