SMJK KWANG HUA, KLANG

PROJECT BASE LEARNING 2

SCIENCE FORM 3

BLOOD DONATION

NAME : Look Yu Qi

CLASS : 3A

YEAR : 2021

TEACHER : PN NORMILATI BINTI MHD SAFRI

 Introduction
All parties need to take initiative to increase the
number of blood donors in this country to cover
the lack of blood supply. Blood donation
practices are considered commendable practice.
However, not all are willing to do so. One unit
of blood with volume of 450 millilitres can
save dengue fever victims, accident victims,
blood spilled during childbirth and patients
with blood-related diseases such as thalassemia
and leukemia.

Problem Statements
The importance of blood donation.

?
The criteria that needed by someone to be a blood
donor.
Benefits of blood donation to the donors.
Issues regarding blood donation.
Methods in blood managements in terms of storing
the blood samples.
Can a person who is vaccinated with COVID-19
vaccine donate their blood to others person? Explain.
 The
Importa
Blood brings oxygen and nutrients
to all the parts of the body so they
can keep working. Blood carries
carbon dioxide and other waste
materials to the lungs, kidneys, and
digestive system to be removed
from the body. Blood also fights
infections and carries hormones
around the body.
The Criteria that Needed by
Someone to be a Blood
Donor
1 “Whole blood” includes red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets and plasma. Whole blood donations are typically
used to help patients fight cancer, blood disorders and
traumatic injuries. Since three different components are
provided by a single donation, three different people may
be helped by it.
2 Platelets help your body create clots to stop bleeding and
are critical for cancer and traumatic injuries patients.
3 Plasma is helps patients with severe burns, cancer or
other potentially life-threatening conditions.
4 There is a constant need for a regular supply of blood
because it can be stored only for a limited period of time
before use. Regular blood donation by a sufficient number
of healthy people is needed to ensure that blood will
always be available whenever and wherever it is needed.
5 To avoid deaths occur, more voluntary donors are
required. It is important to note that blood taken from
non-remunerated blood donors is generally considered as
the safest source of blood.
6 Blood is needed by women with complications during
pregnancy and childbirth, children with severe anaemia,
often resulting from malaria or malnutrition, accident
victims and surgical patients.
  You are healthy on the day you wish to donate blood.
 You are 18 to 65 years old. (Those above 17-years-old
can donate with the consent of their guardians or parents)
 You weigh above 45kg.
 You slept for more than five hours the day before.
 You have eaten some food in the past four hours before
the blood donation.
 It has been at least three months after your last blood
donation.
 You do not have any medical problems. (You can discuss
them with the medical officer present if you have them.)
 You are not on any medications.
 For women, you are not having your period for the past
three days.
 You are not pregnant or breastfeeding.
 You are not a MSM (a man who has sex with men).
 You do not take part in high-risk behaviours (e.g. have
multiple sexual partners – more than one within six
months, or have sex with sex workers.)
 You do not have tattoos, ear/body piercing or
acupuncture within 12 months.

Benefi
ts of
The cell depletion occurs due to blood donation, forces the body
to produce new cells within 48 hours, thereby freshening up the
entire body system. Within just one or two months, a donor
regains his lost blood. Thus, donating blood is in another way, a
step towards revitalizing your body.
 Lowers the risk of cancer. Offloading a batch of your blood
means reducing iron stores in your body. Iron has been
associated with cancer causing free-radicals. The group that
donated a couple times a year lowered their iron levels and
therefore their risk of getting cancer is lower compared to the
non-donor group.

Blood donation also helps us know about our bodies. As a

blood donation requires a preliminary health check-up, we
get a complete diagnosis. It makes us aware of the levels of
iron, haemoglobin, cholesterol and more.

Maintains heart health by getting your heart into tick-top

shape. Donating lowers the viscosity of your blood which
reduces the friction on your arteries and blood vessels. A
study showed that men who donated blood once a year had
an 88 percent lower risk of heart attack than men who
skipped out.

Issues
Regardi

Bruising
When a needle pricks a vein, there’s always a chance that some bruising will occur around
the site where the needle was inserted. For that reason, bruising is common among blood
donors.
Continued Bleeding
When a blood donation is complete, a healthcare provider will remove the needle from your
 Methods in Blood
Managements in
terms of Storing the
Blood Samples

 Whole blood and

red cells must
always be stored at a
temperature between
+2 °C and +6 °C.
 If blood is not stored
at this temperature,
its oxygen carrying
ability is greatly
reduced.
 The
  Fresh frozen
plasma (FFP) is
plasma which is
separated from a
unit of whole
blood within 6
hours of
collection, and has
been rapidly
frozen and plasma (PRP)/ Platelet concentrate (PC) must be separated from whole
 Platelet-rich
maintained
blood at all
by centrifugation within 6 hours of collection.
times at
 Whole a should be kept at between +20 °C and +24 °C until it is processed into
blood
temperature
platelet of
concentrates and other blood components.
minus –30 °C or
 Platelet concentrates should be stored at a temperature of between +20 °C and +24 °C
lower.
with continuous gentle agitation. This is essential to prevent platelet aggregation which
 results
FFP, once thawed
in loss of viability.
has a shelf life of
24 hours at 10C to
60C.
 Unlike
Plasmablood
contains
water,
components,
electrolytes,
plasma
clotting factors
derivatives such
asand other proteins
albumin or
(mostly albumin),
immunoglobulin
most
are of which are
concentrated,
stablespecific
sterile at
refrigerator
proteins, obtained
temperature,
from large poolsi.e.
of+2donor
°C toplasma
+6 °C.
through a complex Yes, they can donate blood after getting a COVID-19
pharmaceutical vaccine, as long as they are symptom-free and feeling well at
process called the time of the donation. But to be eligible, they’ll need to
plasma
fractionation know and be able to give the name of their COVID-19
 It is essential to vaccine’s manufacturer. Approved manufacturers include
store all plasma AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, Novavax, and
derivatives
according to the Pfizer. The vaccine does not change the suitability of their
manufacturer’s blood for donation. On the other side of that, donating blood
instructions
won’t change the number of antibodies they develop
Ω
from the vaccine.

Can a person who is

vaccinated with COVID-19
vaccine donate their blood to

Blood is a life,
pass it on!