Example 01: Analysis of P/O System

JOBBING MANUFACTURING PROCESS

X- Dress manufactured by a Bespoke Tailor for a Miss Universe Model

I1 – Customer requirements; cloth design

C1 – Personal style of cloth (colour, pattern), selection criteria

M1 – Tools: Sewing machine, thread, needles, buttons, zips

O1 – Final design for sewing the dress

I2 – Chosen design of the cloth

C2 – Customer size/measurements, specifications (buttons, zips), budget, time and scheduling

criteria

M2 – Tools: Sewing machine, thread, needles, buttons, zips

O2 – Final design for sewing the dress, dimensions and specifications

I3 – Final design of dress, skilled seamstress, work schedule

C3 – Delay in sewing time due to health reasons, lack of materials needed

M3 – Tools: Sewing machine, thread, needles, buttons, zips

O3 – Fitting to ensure dress meets customers’ standard

I4 – Dress sewed to customer’s satisfaction

C4 – Costs, on-time delivery

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M4 – Packaging of dress

O4 – Final dress packed and delivered to satisfied customer.

BATCH MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Y- Book printing

I5 – Draft of the chosen book

C5 – Plagiarism rights and laws, publishing information

M5 – Tools: printer, paper, computer

O5 – Final draft of book, ready for printing

I6 – Final draft of book, ready for printing

C6 – Time and scheduling criteria, budget

M6 – Tools: printer, paper, computer

O6 – Book chosen for printing

I7 – Chosen book for printing, skilled labour

C7 – Budget, time

M7 – Tools: printer

O7 – Printed books

I8 – Printed books

C8 – Costs, on-time delivery

M8 – Packaging and distributing, transportation

O8 – Multiple copies of books to sell/distribute to stores.

CONTINUOUS/FLOW MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Z- Steel manufacturing

I9 – Raw materials;iron ore and scrap

C9 –Impurities

M9 –Equipment such as furnaces and chemicals namely alloying elements used to produce
different grades of steel

O9 – Impure steel with impurities

I10 – Impure steel

C10 – Budget, time, scheduling criteria

M10 – Equipment such as furnaces and alloying elements

O10 – Impure steel ready for testing and removable to impurities

I11 – Impure steel ready for testing and removable to impurities

C11 – Scheduling criteria and workmanship

M11 – Testing tools and devices

O11 – Pure steel with no impurities

I12 – Pure steel with no impurities

C12 – Workmanship
M12 – Equipment and testing devices

O12 – Pure steel ready for distribution to companies.

Comments: This is a good attempt. If looking into your examples separately, they
work fine and would be considerable.

Comments: However, the exercise asks These products/services would have

certain inter-relationships. For example, "X" could be a part, a sub-assembly or a
component of "Y" and/or "Z"; or together, they could also be a product or service of
their own in different stages of production (i.e. from a prototype via a trial/pilot to a
final form). How would the “tailored dress for a Miss Universe Model’ (Design X)
relate to Design Y (Book printing) and then Design Z (Steel manufacturing)?

Comments: It is suggested that for example, you could still use Design X as
“tailored dress for a Miss Universe Model’ (i.e., Jobbing), Design Y could be
something associated with making dress, like special assocories (such as buttons or
decors) that would not be tailored made but could be manufactured in limited amount
for the making the dress and/or other similar purposes (i.e., Batch). Then,some
fabrics used for making the dress could be a product of mass production (i.e., Design
Z).

Comments: You could follow this line of thinking for your other examples. “Book
printing” could be an example for either ‘Batch’ or ‘Mass’ production depending on
the type/purposes of the book..