B. Tech.

in Artificial Intelligence & Engineering

Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri
21AIE113 - Introduction to Electronics

Lab Work No. – 6

Introduction to the circuit designs using Operational Amplifier.

A.SAI VARUN

AM.EN.U4AIE21120

Date –4/07/2022

1. Introduction

Op Amp is a Multi Terminal Device. It has Five basic terminals .Two power
supply terminals namely(-) Inverting input terminal and(+) non-inverting input
terminal It has two input terminals and one Output terminal Its Basic role is to
amplify the Output the voltage difference between the two input pins.

2. Aim of the Experiment

• Inverting amplifier
• Non-inverting amplifier
• Voltage follower

• Inverting summing amplifier

• Non-inverting summing amplifier.
3. Theory
INVERTING AMPLIFIER :

An inverting-amplifier circuit is built by grounding the positive input of the

operational amplifier and connecting resistors R1 and R2, called the feedback
networks, between the inverting input and the signal source and amplifier
output node, respectively. With assumption that reverse-transfer parameter is
negligibly small, open-circuit voltage gain Av, input resistance Zin and output
resistance Zo can be calculated.

NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

A non-inverting amplifier produces an output signal that is in phase with the
input signal, whereas an inverting amplifier’s output is out of phase. Both the
inverting and non-inverting op amps can be constructed from one op amp and
two resistors, just in different configurations.

Voltage follower :
A voltage follower is also known as a unity gain amplifier, a voltage buffer, or
an isolation amplifier. In a voltage follower circuit, the output voltage is equal to
the input voltage; thus, it has a gain of one (unity) and does not amplify the
incoming signal

Inverting summing amplifier :

An adder circuit can be made by connecting more inputs to the inverting Op-
amp. The opposite end of the resistor connected to the inverting input is held at
virtual ground by the feedback; therefore, adding new inputs does not affect the
response of the existing inputs. The Summing Amplifier is a very flexible circuit
based upon the standard Inverting Operational Amplifier configuration that can
be used for combining multiple inputs. The inverting amplifier has a single input
voltage, ( Vin ) applied to the inverting input terminal, If we add more input
 resistors to the input, each equal in value to the original input resistor, Rin we
end up with another operational amplifier circuit called a Summing Amplifier,
"summing inverter" or even a "voltage adder".

Non-inverting summing amplifier :

A Non-Inverting Summing Amplifier can also be constructed using the Non
Inverting Amplifier configuration of the Op Amp. Here, the input voltages are
applied to the non-inverting input terminal of the Op Amp and a part of the
output is fed back to the inverting input terminal, through voltage-divider-bias
feedback.

The circuit of a Non-Inverting Summing Amplifier is shown in the following

image. For the sake of convenience, the following circuit consists of only three
inputs, but more inputs can be added.

4. Result & Analysis

INVERTING AMPLIFIER :
NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER :
OUTPUT GRAPH:
VOLTAGE FOLLOWER :

OUTPUT GRAPH:
INVERTING SUMMING AMPLIFIER :

OUTPUT GRAPH:
NON INVERTING SUMMING AMPLIFIER:
OUTPUT GRAPH:

Excercise Problems
Using the aforementioned circuit designs, solve the following
problems and show the solution in LTSpice:

(i) A sine wave of 1.5V peak voltage is applied to an inverting

amplifier using R1= 15kΩ and Rf = 45kΩ. It uses the supply
voltages of 15V. Determine the output and display the
waveform in LTSpice.
If now, the amplitude of input sine wave is increased to 5V, show the change in

Output wave form:

(ii) Find the output voltage and display waveform of Vout for the circuit in Figure 1. Consider the
values:

(a) Ra=Rb=Rc=Rd= 1kΩ.

5. Concluding Remarks

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