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Lecture 1 Jap
Lecture 1 Jap
Lecture 1 Jap
≃
ງ ≜
≋
⊊
ไࡏ
࠸ ⤮࠼ ㄒࡓ
᪥
ᖹ
࠸ సࡉ
ࡃ ࡾ
ᮏࢇ ࢃ
ㄒࡈ ࡢ ᅵ 㣤࠸
࠸
ᩍ
ࡁ
䣯 ࡓ࠸ ࠸ ⏣ࡔ
ࡃ
࠺
ษࡏ ⌮ࡾ ᅧ
ᮦࡊ ࡘ
⤮࠼ ࡦ
ᙪࡇ
࠸
ࡉ
ࢆ ࢆ Ꮚࡇ
ࡘ ఏࡘࡓ
ࡃ
ࡿ ࠼
ࡿ
࠸
䧴 䨈䧔 䧐䧐 䧪 䧛䧵䧼䧟 䧵 䨅䨜䧤䨜
DžƘƷӸ Э Ƹ⌏ဋࢠ וưƢ⌐ଐஜʴưƢ⌐
䧥䨜䧙䨎䧒䧼䨍䧛䨑䨜䧤䨎䧒䧵䧷 䨜 䨈䨜䧣䨎䧒䧟䧛 䧐䨈 䧫䨎䧒䧠䧛 䧲䧒䨅䧛
ɟ ʋ ׄ ʚ࠰ƴ ߸ ⍅ʻƷ ɶ Ʒ ி ҅
䧫 䨅䧒 䧒 䧲䧒 䧗䧎
૾ע⍆ưဃLJǕLJƠƨ⌐Ɠ ༵ ƞǜƱƓ ƞǜ⌏
䧷䧔 䨑 䧵䨜 䧗 䧨䧛
Ɠ ڻƪ⌤ǜƱDžƘƷׄʴܼ ଈ ưƠƨ⌐
䧷䧔 䧙䨜䧤䨐 䧫䨎䧒䧠䧛䧤䨜 䧲䨌
Ɠ ڻƪ⌤ǜƱDžƘƸ⌏ ᡈ Ʒ ɶ ʴƷ Ӑ Ʃ
-㻝 -
䨈䧐䧵䧫 䧴䧗 䧎䧧
ƪƱ⌏ ଐ ːǑƘ ᢂ ǜưƍLJƠƨ⌐DžƘƨƪ
䧫䨎䧒 䧠 䧛 䧠 䧤䨐䧒 䛪 䧹䧴
Ƹ ɶ ᛖǛ ɥ ƴᛅƠƯƍLJƠƨ⌐
䧛䧵 䧥䨜䧧䧒
DžƘƷƸ ʗ ǛƠƯƍLJƠƨ⌐
䧥䨜䧙䨎䧒䧼䨍䧛䨑䨜䧤䨎䧒䧠䧷 䨜 䧹䨔 䧲䧒 䧥䨜䧧䧒 䧐 䧖䧙䧴䨘 䧴
ɟ ʋ ׄ ʞ࠰ƷବƴƓ ༵ ƞǜƸ ʗ ƴᘍƖLJƠƨ⌐ƦƠƯ⌏ ඌ ጃ ưʧƘƳǓLJƠ
ƨ
⌐
䧗䧎 䧷䧔 䧮
Ɠ ƞǜƸ⌏DžƘƱƓ ڻƪ⌤ǜǛᡲǕ
䧼䨖䧣䨈
Ư⌏ƓơƍƞǜƱƓƹƋƞǜƕƍǔ࠼
䧗䧔
ᗈᓥ
ࡦࢁࡋࡲ
ƴ ࠙ǔƜƱƴƠLJƠƨ⌐
-㻞 -
Ἀ⦖
࠾ࡁ࡞ࢃ
‶ᕞᅜ
ࡲ ࢇࡋࡺ࠺ࡇ ࡃ
䧥䨜䧙䨏䧒䧼䜔䧛䨑䨜䧤䨏䧒䧵䧷 䨜 䧵 䨅䨜
ɟ ʋ ׄ ʚ࠰⎇⏀⎡ଐஜ
䧼䨔 䨑䨔 䧴䨜䧵䧫 䧎䨔
ଷNjٸNj˴ ଐNj ഩ ƖLJƠƨ⌐
䧗䧎 䧲䧙䧳䧙
Ɠ ƞǜƸ ŷ DžƘǛƓǜ
䧩 䨌䧸 䧸
ƿƠƯƘǕLJƠƨ⌐ǂཋNj
䨌䧸 䨉䧴䧲
LjཋNjƋǓLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐ ล
䧿䧷 䧸
ƔǒᑔƴʈǓLJƠƨ⌐
-㻟 -
䧼䨖䧣䨈 䨊䧗
࠼ ưƓơƍƞǜƱƓƹƋƞǜƕᡇƑƯƘǕLJƠƨ⌐
䧵 䧡䧐
DžƘƸʚബưƠƨ⌐
ƓǜƿƢǔ⍉ ECTT[ UQOGQPG U QP QPG U DCEM
䧥䨜䧙䨎䧒䧼䨍䧛䨑䨜䧤䨎䧒䧠䧷 䨜䧹䧫 䧘 䧮䨊 䧐 䧗 䧎䧡
ɟ ʋ ׄ ʞ࠰οஉρଐ⍥⎯⎂⎢ஔ ⎇⎢⏆
䧩
⏅⎬⎙⍷⎱⎊⎒⍦
⎧⎧⍾⎖
ὲ
䨋 䨈䧔 䨈 䧣䨖
Ⴘ⎡Э ⍿Ⴧ⎖ႉ⎞⎝⎽⎱⎊⎒⍦
⎜⏆ὲ
䧖䧖 䧖䧲
⎀ ٻ⍷᪦ ⍿⎊⎱⎊⎒⍦
-㻠 -
䧹䧫 䧤 䧤䨎䧒 䧠 䧿䨜 䧼䨖䧣䨈 䧞䨜 䧣 䧺䧛䧪䨜 䧖
ο җ ʞЎ ࠼ ⎞Ҿ ܇༪ ⍿ᓳ⎛⎈⎿
⎱⎊⎒⍦
ƽƔ⌣⍉
QPQOCVQRQGKCHNCUJ
Ʋǜ⍉
QPQOCVQRQGKCDCPI
䨈 䧣䨖 䧞䨜 䧣 䧺䧛䧪䨜
Ⴧ⌣ႉ⍉ RWTG YJKVG Ҿ ܇༪ ⍉ CVQOKE DQOD
䧙䨎䧒 䧮䨑 䧗䧦 䧿 䧩䧩䨉 䧐䧭䧣䨐 䧲
࣯ ⎞ࢍ⍷⍿ԉ⎀⎆⏆⎚⎀⎙⍥⎯⎂⎢ ု ⎛ɟደ⎞⎣⎈⎿⎱⎊⎒⍦
䧟䨘 䧐䧔 䧐䧭䧣䨐 䧖
ƦƠƯ⌏ْǕƨܼƱɟደƴᓳƪLJƠƨ⌐
䧛䨒
ƋƨǓƕ ଢ଼ ƘƳǓLJƠƨ⌐
ƓƔƋƪ⌤ǜ⌏ƨƢƚƯƑ⌴⌐
䧴䨜 䧳 䧟䧔 䧪 䧟䧔 䧱
˴ࡇNj٣ǛЈƠƨƔ⌣ƨƚǕƲ⌏٣ƕЈLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐
䧗䧎 䧷䧔 䧟䨘 䧐䧔 䧣䧩
Ɠ ƞǜNjƓ ڻƪ⌤ǜNj⌏ْǕƨܼƷɦƴƍLJƠƨ⌐
-㻡 -
䧗䨒䧪䧤䨎䧒 䧎䧮 䧒䧠
DžƘƸ ˳ ɶ ƕ༏ƘƯ ѣ ƚLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐
䧩䛩 䧪
ƠƹǒƘƨ⌣ƯƔǒ⌏ƓơƍƞǜƕDžƘƨƪǛ я ƚЈƠƯƘǕLJƠƨ⌐
䧐䧔 䧐
⎯⎂⎒⎔⎢⍥⍽⎣⎈⏆⎡ܼ⎞ᘍ⎀⎱⎊⎒⍦
䧗䨒䧪䧤䨎䧒 䧐䧩 䨈䧐䧵䧫 䧴 䧿 䧲䨜 䧖 䧎
⎯⎂⎢ ˳ ɶ ⍿ၘ⎂⎙⍥ଐ ත⍷⎙⍷⎱⎊⎒⍦ࠋׇƔǒឪƖɥƕǕLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐
䧗䧎 䧷䧔 䨃䧮 䨂 䜔 䧷
Ɠ ƞǜƱƓ ڻƪ⌤ǜƸКƷᢿދƴݏƯƍLJƠƨ⌐
䧂⍽⍾⍵⎔⎶␢⏆䧃
⍫⎂⎞⎥⎆⍬
-㻢 -
⍫
⍽⍾⍵⎔⎶␢⏆⍬
⍫⎂⎞␡␡
␡⍬
⍫⍽⍾⍵⎔⎶␢⏆⍬
䧂䦍䦍䦍䦍䦍䧃
䧿䧩䨓 䧪䨜䧪䨜 䧹䧴
ʚʴ⎢⍥െ ẉ⎛ᛅ⎈⎝⎂⎝⎽⎱⎊⎒⍦
䧼 䧧䧒䧣䧙 䜔 䧙 䧗䧎 䧷䧔 䧗䨜䧖䧝 䧐
ƋǔଐƓ ᔀ ࡸ ދƞǜƕஹƯ⌏Ɠ ƞǜƱƓ ڻƪ⌤ǜǛౙ త ƴλǕLJƠƨ⌐ƦƠƯDžƘ
䧗䨜䧖䧝 䧐
Njౙ త ƴλǕǑƏƱƠLJƠƨ⌐
䧟 䧐
⌕ƦƷ܇ƸLJƩဃƖƯƍLJƢᲛ⌖
䧖䧖 䧟䧔 䧐
ƓƹƋƞǜƸٻƖƳ٣ưᚕƍLJƠƨ⌐
-㻣 -
䧗䧎 䧵 䧤䨎䧒 䧠 䧡䧐 䧷䧔 䨑䨜䧡䧐 䧴
Ɠ ƞǜƸʚ җ ʞബư⌏Ɠ ڻƪ⌤ǜƸׄബưʧƘƳǓLJƠƨ⌐
䧲䧙 䧡䨜䧡䧐
ƦƷ ⌏DžƘƸ ɤ ബưƠƨ⌐
䧧䧒䧣䧙 䜔 䧗䨜䧖䧝
Ɠ ᔀ ࡸ ދƞǜ⍉ HWPGTCN FKTGEVQT ౙ త ⍉ EQHHKP
䧐䧭䧣䨐䧒䧝䨜䨋䧐
ƓƹƋƞǜƸ⌏ɟ ဃ ভԡDžƘƷ
䧥 䨘
ɭᛅǛƠƯƘǕLJƠƨ⌐
䨈䧐䧵䧫 䧥䨜䧩䧛
ଐDžƘƷƨNJƴඹ ຩ ǛƠƨǓ⌏
䧣䨐䧛 䧤 䨑䧒 䧐
ʙǛ ဇ ॖƠƨǓƠƯƘǕLJƠ
ƨ⌐
䧛䧫 䧴䧗 䧐䧩
ưNj⌏DžƘƸ ӝ Ʒ ɶNjၘƘƯ⌏
䧩
DŽƱǜƲǂǒǕLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐
-㻤 -
䧴
ƦƷƏƪ⌏ƓơƍƞǜNjƓƹƋƞǜNjʧƘƳǓLJƠƨ⌐
䧼䧲 䨓 䧠 䧡䧐
DžƘƸɟʴƴƳǓLJƠƨ⌐ʞബưƠƨ⌐
䧥䨜䧧䧒 䧖 䧵 䧡䨜䧷䨜 䧠
ưNj⌏DžƘƴƸƓơƞǜƕƍLJƠƨ⌐ƓơƞǜƸ⌏ ʗ ƕኳǘ⌣Ưȋ⌏ɤ ࠰ࢸ⌏ȕ〈
䧼䨖䧣䨈 䧗䧔 䧙 䧐䧭䧣䨐 䛩
ȪȔȳƔǒ࠼ ƴ ࠙ ⌣ƯஹLJƠƨ⌐DžƘƸƓơƞǜƱɟደƴ˰ljƜƱƴƳǓLJƠƨ⌐
䨖䧛䧡䧐 䧵 䨅䨜 䧟 䨖䧛䧡䧐
ƦƠƯ⌏DžƘƸρ ബƴƳǓLJƠƨ⌐ଐஜƷ܇ƲNjƸρ ബƔǒ
䧣䨐䧒 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧗䨑 䧣䨐䧒 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧗䧺䨜 䧩䧗 䧗
ܖ ݱఄƴᡫƍLJƢ⌐ܖ ݱఄƷ ⍅ȩȳȉǻȫ⍆Ƹ᭗ƍƷư⌏ᝰ
䧟
⌣ƯNjǒƑƳƍ܇NjƍLJƠƨ⌐
-㻥 -
䧐䨖䧐䨖
ƓơƞǜƸᑥŷƳNjƷ
䧒 䧛䨖 䧗
Ǜ٥⌣Ư⌏ƽƔƽƔƷ ᱅ƍȩȳȉǻȫǛᝰ⌣ƯƘ
ǕLJƠƨ⌐DžƘƸƱƯNjƏǕƠƔ⌣ƨưƢ⌐
ƽƔƽƔ ⍉ UJKP[
ưNj⌏DžƘƸƣ⌣ƱNJLJƍƕƠƯƍLJƠƨ⌐ȩȳ
䧥 䧖 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧐 䧲䧙
ȉǻȫǛᏑ⌣ƯܖఄƴᘍƖƨƔ⌣ƨƚǕƲ⌏
䧳䧙 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧐
ŷ ⌏ܖఄƴᘍƘƜƱƕưƖLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐
䧤䨏䧭䧡䧐 䨈䧔 䧞䨜 䧙
DžƘƸ җ ബƙǒƍƴƳ⌣Ư⌏ Э ǑǓ Ψ ൢƴƳǓ
䧘䨜 䧺 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧐 䨃䨜䧙䨐䧒
LJƠƨ⌐᪴ࢌ⌣ƯܖఄǁᘍƖLJƠƨ⌐ưNjѠ ࢍ ƕ
䧲䨌
ǘƔǒƳƍƠ⌏ Ӑ ƩƪNjưƖLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐
- 㻝㻜 -
䧘䧭䧟䧒 䜔 䧝䧳 䧗䧖 䧒䧱 䨉
ܖఄƷLjǜƳƸ⌏DžƘƷ້ͻƠƨ ᫊ ǍᏹǛᙸƯ⌏
䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧐
DžƘǛƍơNJLJƠƨ⌐ƦǕưNjDžƘƸܖఄƴᘍƖLJ
Ơƨ⌐
NJLJƍƕƢǔ⍉ HGGN FK\\[
䜔䧝䧳
້ͻ⍉ DWTP ƍơNJǔ⍉ VGCUG
䧫䨎䧒 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧹䧐 䧞䨜䧺䧛 䧤䨎䧒䧷䨜 䨃䨜䧙䨐䧒 䧦䨜䧦䨜
DžƘƸ ɶ ܖఄƴλǓLJƠƨ⌐Ҿ ༪ Ɣǒ җ ࠰ưƠƨ⌐ưNj⌏LJƩѠ ࢍ ƕ μ ǘƔǒ
䧲䨌 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧐 䧘䨜 䧺 䧘䧭䧟䧒
ƳƔ⌣ƨƠ⌏Ӑ ƩƪNjƍLJƤǜưƠƨ⌐ưNj⌏ܖఄƴᘍƖƨƔ⌣ƨƔǒ⌏᪴ࢌ⌣Ưܖఄ
䧐
ƴᘍƖLJƠƨ⌐
䧫䨎䧒䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧥䨜䧥䧐 䧿䧛䧹䨒䧥䨜䧥䧐 䧪䧐䧘䧛 䧧䧮䧚䨐䧒 䧖䧲䧟 䧥䨜䧥䧐
ɶ ܖఄ ƷέဃƸ ᅦ Ҿ έဃưƠƨ⌐ ܖٻǛҡ ಅ ƠƨƹƔǓƷ ဏ ƷέဃưƠƨ⌐DžƘ
䨃䨜䧙䨐䧒 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧴䨜 䧘䨜 䧺
ƸѠ ࢍ ƕǘƔǒƳƔ⌣ƨƚǕƲ⌏ܖఄƷƜƱƸ˴ ưNj᪴ࢌǓLJƠƨ⌐
䧵 䨅䨜 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧥䨜䧥䧐 䧟 䧐䧭䧣䨐 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧧䧒 䧤
ଐஜƷܖఄƷέဃƱ܇ƲNjƸ⌏ɟደƴܖఄǛ ੈ ᨊƠLJ
䧧䧒 䧤 䧤 䧗䨜 䧗䧐䧪䨜 䧿 䧿䧛䧹䨒䧥䨜䧥䧐
Ƣ⌐ ੈ ᨊƷ᧓ƴ᨞െǛਚƍƯƍƨǒ⌏ᅦ Ҿ έဃƕ
- 㻝㻝 -
䧐䧐 䧪 䧘䨜 䧺
⌕ဋƘǜ⌏᪴ࢌ⌣Ưƍǔƶ⌐ƖǕƍƴƳ⌣ƨƶ⌐
⌖
䨅
ƱᙔNJƯƘǕLJƠƨ⌐
䧒 䧹䧤 䧼䧲 䨅 䧟䧟䨖
DžƘƸဃLJǕƯИNJƯ ʴƔǒᙔNJǒǕLJƠƨ⌐ ࣎ Ʒ
䧴䧗 䧎䧗 䧿䧛䧹䨒䧥䨜䧥䧐 䧟䧲 䧺
ɶƕƱƯNj ଢ ǔƘƳǓLJƠƨ⌐DžƘƸ ᅦ Ҿ έဃƷᚕᓶ
䨈䧐䧵䧫䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧐 䧲䨌
ƴ⌏ଐ ܖఄƴᘍƚƳƍƜƱNj⌏Ӑ ƩƪƕƍƳƍƜƱNj
䧙 䧞䨜䧺䧛 䧞䨜 䧣 䧺䧛䧪䨜
ൢƴƳǒƳƘƳǓLJƠƨ⌐ Ҿ༪ Ҿ
܇༪
䧼 䨈䧐䧵䧫 䧐䧔
DžƘƸ⌏ƦƷଐƔǒ ଐ⌏ܼưNj
䨃䨜䧙䨐䧒
Ѡ ࢍ ƢǔǑƏƴƳǓLJƠƨ⌐
䧮䧚 䧒 䧹䧤 䧠
ഏƷȆǹȈư⌏ဃLJǕƯИNJƯʞ
䧤䨎䧒䧵䨜 䧵 䧤䨎䧒 䧵 䧺䨜
җ ʴƷǯȩǹưʚ җ ʚဪƴƳǓ
䧒䨕
LJƠƨ⌐ƱƯNj ۹ ƠƔ⌣ƨưƢ⌐
䨃䨜
ƦǕƔǒDžƘƸ⌏Nj⌣ƱNj⌣ƱѠ
䧙䨐䧒 䧘䨜 䧺 䧮䧚
ࢍ Ǜ᪴ࢌǓLJƠƨ⌐ƦǕưഏƷȆǹ
- 㻝㻞 -
䧐䧫䧺䨜
ȈưƸ⌏ǯȩǹưɟဪƴƳǓLJƠƨ⌐
䧤䨎䧒 䧠 䧡䧐 䧘䧭䧟䧒 䧐䧫䧺䨜
җ ʞബƴƳ⌣Ư⌏ܖఄưɟဪƴƳ
ǓLJƠƨ⌐
䧿䧛䧹䨒䧥䨜䧥䧐 䨅 䧗
ᅦ Ҿ έဃƕᙔNJƯƘǕƨƜƱư⌏DžƘƸ٭ǘǓLJƠƨ⌐
ԧ⍉
䨂䧐 䨘
RGCEG
˳᬴⍉
䧩䧐䧝䨜
GZRGTKGPEG
࠸ ࠸ ࡔ
㣤⏣ࡃࢇ
ࡡࢇ ࡀࡘ ࡕࡣࡗࡇ࠺
2018 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 31 ᪥Ⓨ⾜
ज़ ᜓ Ƣǔ⍉
䧗䨜䧣䨍
ࡓ ࠸࠸ࡔࡃࡦࡇ
ㄒࡾ㸸㣤⏣ᅧᙪ
࠼ ࠸ ࡾ ࠼ ࡇ
⤮ 㸸ᅵ⌮⤮Ꮚ
⍅ʚŹɟɡ࠰ ⍆ưƢ⌐ኽ۟ƠƯ܇Ʋ
Njज़ᜓƠƯƍLJƢ⌐
˳ ᬴ǛᛅƠƯƍLJƢ⌐
ԧπ טư⌏܇ƲNjƨƪƴ Ҿ ༪ Ʒ
ƠƯҦٟ ӭ NjƱǓLJƠƨ⌐
NjƕʚʴƍLJƢ⌐ ƖƳƕǒѠ ࢍ
CRRTGEKCVG
䧩䧐䧝䨜
䨂䧐 䨘 䧟䧒䧔䨜
ࡏ࠸ࡉࡃ ࠸ࢃ ࡓ࠸ࡏࡘ ࡘࡓ ࢇ ࡈ ࡁࡻ࠺ࡊ࠸ ࠸
ไస㸸ᖹࡢษࡉࢆఏ࠼ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ ᮦࢆࡘࡃࡿ
ဋƞǜƸ ଐƷǑƏƴ࠼ Ʒ
ဋࢠ וƞǜƸ ɡ җ ʞബ
䧗䨜䧣䨍
䧐䨈
䧐䧐 䧪
䧐䧐 䧪 䧛䧵䧼䧟
䧵䧥䨜䧤䨎䧒 䧣䧫䧷䨜
䧹 䧗 䧥䧠䧒
䧿䧩䨓
࠶ࡉ ࡸ ࡍ ࡇ ࡘࡕࡶ ࡺ ࠸ ࡇ ࡞ࡈࡋ࡞࠾ ࡳ ࡞ࡀࡳࡡ ࡉ ࡕ ࡇ
㸦ᮅ㎶ὈᏊࠊᵔᮏ⏤⥔Ꮚࠊ୰㉺ᑦ⨾ࠊ㛗ᓟబ▱Ꮚࠊ
䧹䧴
䧫䨎䧒 䧘䧭䧟䧒
ࡣࡋࡶࢀ࠸ ࡇ ࡶࡾࡋࡓࡉࡕ ࡇ
ᶫᮏ⋹Ꮚࠊ᳃ୗᖾᏊ㸧
䨈䧐䧵䧫
䧟
࠸࠸ࡔ ࡓ ࡆ ࢇ ࡈࡓ ࡃࢇࡋࡹ࠺
ͤࠕ㣤⏣ࡃࢇࠖࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ㸯∧ࡣࠊNPO ከゝㄒከㄞ┘ ಟࡢࡶࠊ
䧹䧩䨒
䧴䧴䧤䨎䧒 䧠 䧡䧐
䧿䧛䧹䨒䧥䨜䧥䧐
ࡡࢇ ࡀࡘ ࡓࡃ ࡓ࠸ࡋࡹ࠺ࢇࡋࡻ࡚ࢇ ࡋࡹࡗࡥࢇ
2019 ᖺ㸯᭶ࠕࢇࡈከㄞࣈࢵࢡࢫࠖ
㸦 ಟ 㤋᭩ᗑ㸧ࡋ࡚ฟ ∧
䧝䧭䧟䨜
ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ
䧼䨖䧣䨈
䧞䨜䧺䧛
䨃䨜䧙䨐䧒
䧟
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