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CO-COORDINATOR TEXAS ALLIANCE FOR
GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
Sarah Witham Bednarz
DIRECTOR (RETIRED), CURRICULUM FRAMEWORKS
AND INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES OFFICE,
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Diane L. Brooks Ed.D.
FLORENTINE FILMS
Ken Burns
PROFESSOR, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION,
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
Maryann Manning
DIRECTOR, INDIANA UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL
RESOURCE CENTER
Shawn Reynolds
OUTREACH COORDINATOR (RETIRED),
HARVARD’S CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES
Carol Johnson Shedd
PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION REFORM,
21ST CENTURY CHAIR IN TEACHER QUALITY,
UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS
Sandra Stotsky
DIRECTOR, AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER OUTREACH
PROGRAM AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Barbara Brown
CO-COORDINATOR, ARIZONA GEOGRAPHIC ALLIANCE,
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
Gale Ekiss

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CRITTER CORNER
harg e.
No c
Baby KJ and his mother
Zoo Babies
CUTENESS AND CONSERVATION
D
by Pat Betteley
espite the weather disasters and
climate change troubling our
planet, nature still provides
some amazing events, such as
the birth of adorable babies. Here are some
of the cutest “zoo-born” photos of 2021.
These little ones put the “AWWW” in
“Cawwwnservation” because each is an
endangered animal. Their births are
helping their species to survive.
6
KJ, the Baby Black
Rhino (Diceros bicornis),
Sedgwick County Zoo,
Wichita, Kansas
Klyde, Junior (KJ for short)
surprised everyone when he
was born several months after
his father, Klyde’s, death.
Mom, Bibi, and her bouncing
86-pound baby boy were
superstars at the African veldt
(grasslands in Southern Africa)
exhibit in Wichita over the
summer. The name rhinoceros
means “nose horn.” Klyde and
other black rhinos have two
horns while Indian and Javan
rhinos have only one.
Baby Frankie and
his mother
Frankie, the Asian
Elephant (Elephas
maximus), Columbus Zoo
Phoebe, a 33-year-old Asian
elephant, gave birth to her
fifth calf at the Columbus Zoo
and Aquarium. At two months
old, Little Frankie weighed
463 pounds. When he was six
months old, on-lookers chuckled
to hear his bellowing voice
come out of his tiny body and
watched him learn to use his
trunk to drink water and pick
up leaves. Because an adult

elephant can eat 300 pounds
of grasses, fruit, and bark
in a single day, much of an
Asian elephant’s time is spent
searching for eats and treats.
In the wild, one may travel 50
miles a day to find food.
Ipa and her mother
Ipa and Nema, Golden
Lion Tamarin Twins
(Leontopithecus rosalia),
Zoo Atlanta
Twice the love, double the
trouble. These golden-haired
twin sisters were born at Zoo
Atlanta to parents Blixx and
Tiete. Tamarins are squirrel-
sized primates with bright
orange fur that live in the
coastal rainforest of Brazil
where they eat fruit, insects,
and small animals. All the
tamarins in Blixx’s group will
help her care for the babies, but
dad, Tiete, will help the most.
Ruby and
Garnet
Ruby and Garnet Red
Panda Cubs (Ailurus
fulgens), Potter Park
Zoo, Lansing, Michigan
Seven-year-old mama Maliha
gave birth to double darlings,
Ruby and Garnet, at Potter
Park Zoo. Although red pandas
share their name and love for
bamboo with giant pandas,
they are smaller and more
closely related to raccoons. Red
pandas spend up to 13 hours
a day in trees, looking for and
eating bamboo in the misty
mountains of Nepal, Myanmar,
and central China.
Bryan snuggling
with his mother
Bryan, the Crown Lemur
(Eulemur coronatus), Zoo
Atlanta
Bryan, the baby crown lemur,
melted hearts in Georgia upon
his birth. About the size of cats,
crown lemurs spend most of
their time in trees eating fruits.
In the wild, they live only on
the island of Madagascar, near
Africa. Lemurs are super smart
and can do simple arithmetic
and use tools.
Baby giraffe
and mother
Back-to-back Baby
Giraffes (Giraffa), Zoo
Miami
Meanwhile, at Zoo Miami, not
one, but two baby giraffes were
born in a single week. First,
14-year-old giraffe Mia gave
birth to a 181-pound baby boy.
Three days later, a 118-pound
girl calf was born to 6-year-old
Zuri. Both mommas gave birth
to their 6-feet-tall calves while
standing up. The babies will
grow to be between 16 and 18
feet tall. In the wild, giraffes
live in savanna areas of Africa
and eat about 100 pounds of
leaves and twigs a day.
Although their species are
threatened in the wild, the
births of new babies in zoos
and conservation centers bring
hope that endangered animals
will at least survive in
captivity. And zookeepers,
visitors, and scientists can
continue to marvel and learn
from the cutest zoo-borns on
Earth.
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8
HEESE!
by Marcia Amidon Lusted

W
hen was the last time
that you took a selfie or
captured fun times with
your friends? Chances are that it
was a few days or even an hour
ago. Taking photographs is such
a common activity that it’s
difficult to believe that
photography as we know it is not
quite 200 years old. In that time,
photography has gone from the
first blurry images captured by a
clumsy, boxy camera to the high-
tech digital cameras many of us
have in our cell phones.
9
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 Designed to capture motion, Eadweard
Muybridge set up multiple cameras
equipped with trip wires at a track in
California in 1878.

ve After his partnership with Leland Stanford dissolved,

d Muybridge ga Eadweard Muybridge continued his research at the
r
Eadwea on his work. University of Pennsylvania with cameras such as this one.
lectures

employed Muybridge to take he urged Muybridge to keep

The man Leland Stanford
chose to investigate the matter
was Eadweard Muybridge. This
eccentric gentleman had
immigrated to the United States
from England as a young man.
Following a stagecoach accident,
he took up photography as a
hobby on doctor’s orders and
became very good at it.
As a landscape photographer,
Muybridge was employed by the
state of California. And guess
who was the state governor at
the time? That’s right, Leland
Stanford.
As the U.S. Mint was being built,
Muybridge took various photos
to show the different stages of
construction. Stanford also
a collection of photographs
of his mansion.
The Problem with
Photographing Horses
There’s a big difference between
photographing construction sites
and photographing horses. A
horse can run up to 40 miles per
hour. And the first horse used in
the project was Occident, one of
the fastest trotters at the time.
Another challenge was training
the horse to not get spooked by
all the equipment.
It’s no surprise that the first
photos were failures. Because the
shutter speed was too slow, they
came out blurry. But Stanford
Leland thought he could see all
four hooves off the ground, and
trying. Then, on June 19, 1878—
success! Muybridge took 12
photos of a racehorse called Sallie
Gardner. They proved Leland
Stanford’s theory and became
the world’s first-ever film clip.
But how did Muybridge achieve
the impossible?
Let’s take a look at what was
going on at Stanford’s Palo Alto
Stock farm. Eadweard Muybridge
set up a row of cameras, 24 in
total, each spaced about 12
inches apart. He used white
sheets, white walls, and white
dust across the track to highlight
the contrast between the dark
horse and its background. To
make sure the photos were taken
at the right moment, he attached
trip wires to their shutters and

14
laid these across the track. When
the horse tripped the wires, the
camera shutter opened at just
the right second to expose the
negative.
The shutter speed for these
photos was quicker than two-
thousandth of a second. This was
a very important little detail.
Photographers still use this
principle. For clear photos of a
fast-moving subject, the shutter
speed needs to be fast too.
More Motion Studies
The partnership between Stanford
and Muybridge did not last.
When Stanford bragged about
the project without mentioning
Muybridge’s crucial role, they
split up. Fortunately, Muybridge
continued his experiments with
motion photography with a grant
from the University of
Pennsylvania.
Muybridge set up two studios—
one indoor and one outdoor at
the university. He approached the
local zoo and a nearby animal
FAST FACTS
»  Eadweard Muybridge
got his first name f om
a thousand-year-old
Anglo-Saxon
monument in his
hometown. Basically, it
is an older version of
the name Edward.
»  Stanford’s Palo Alto
horse farm is now the
campus of Stanford
University. Leland and
his wife founded the
university as a
memorial to their only
son, who died young.
clinic for subjects and
captured a large variety of
animals on film. He also
photographed people and
got his photographic
assistants to take pictures
of him. He photographed
more horses, camels,
donkeys, stags, ostriches,
elephants, lions, and an
eagle in flight. He
published his work in a
book called Animal
Locomotion.
From Muybridge
to Movies
As Eadweard Muybridge began
lecturing, he needed a device
to show his work to the public.
Enter the zoopraxiscope (ZOO-ah-
prack-sis-scope)—a projector that
brought the illusion of movement
to life.
How did it work? First, the
photos were retraced and painted
onto a glass disk. This process
made it possible to combine
different prints on the same disk
and add color to make the
The circuit maker, invented by Eadweard
Muybridge, was a predecessor of the
movie camera.
A man looks into
a projector inve a kinetoscope,
n
Edison and Wllia ted by Thomas
m K. Dickson.
images appear more realistic.
Muybridge then used the
handle of the zoopraxiscope to
turn the disk and make the
figures he had photographed
move in a repeating loop. It was
a bit like the GIFs that people
now post on social media.
Inventor Thomas Alva Edison
attended one of Muybridge’s
lectures. One of Edison’s
co-inventors, William K. Dickson,
later created the kinetoscope, a
type of single-user peephole
projector, which quickly went
viral. Edison’s device in turn
inspired the Lumière brothers to
invent the cinématographe,
which could show short movies
to an audience. With that, the
cinema was born.
Carine Engelbrecht has done a large
variety of interesting jobs, including
audio transcription, ghost-writing, and
working as a film extra
15
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17
 HYDROTHERMAL VENTS
A hydrothermal vent is an opening in the sea floor from
which heated, mineral-rich water flows. Scientists have
discovered three new hydrothermal vents between Papua
New Guinea and Japan that are more than 13,000 feet
under the ocean. At this depth, divers can rely on
remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) such as the research
vessel called SuBastian to do the dangerous diving.
New discoveries await. Hairy snails, ghostly shrimp,
and weird worms are some of the newest species found
so far. You can take photos of never-before-seen
creatures and name them after yourself!
Impact the future. “Not all vents function the same,
they don’t all have the same temperature or release
the same chemicals,” says Andrew Thurber, a deep-
sea ecologist at Oregon State University. “That leads
to different sorts of animals.” Studying their genetic
makeup may someday lead to the discovery of
new chemicals.

UNDERWATER CAVES Underwater photographers will

find a variety of sea life livin
A cenote (seh-no-tay in Spanish) is an underground near hydrothermal vents.
chamber or cave that contains permanent water

The waters off the Yucatan

Peninsula are home to some of
the largest underwater cave
systems in the world.

18
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22
P
icture yourself in a small Photographing the Small (Insects)
airplane flying low over For a close-up photo of an insect, you’ll need a
macro (large) lens with a 50mm-200mm focal
the Arctic National
length and an optional tripod, a ring flash (a
Wildlife Refuge in
doughnut-shaped flashgun that fits on the end of
Alaska. A herd of caribou your lens), and some color cards for creating
grazes peacefully on the tundra, with backgrounds if you’re indoors. Here’s the “buzz”

snowy mountain peaks in the on insect photography.

distance. Now imagine you have an

ultra-high-power camera lens that
allows you to focus on a female Arctic
mosquito sucking blood from a
caribou. The insect has recently come
into contact with the West Nile Virus
and transmits the disease to the
unsuspecting animal. While this scene
may seem far-fetched, technology is
allowing us to see sights that were
previously invisible. Although wide-
angle photos of far-off landscapes are
beautiful, there is much to be learned
➜ Be as quiet as possible so you don’t
scare the insect away.
➜ If you can, frame your picture to
include a colorful flower to make
your photo more striking.
➜ Use color cards for contrasting
backgrounds indoors.
➜ Focus as perfectly as you can on
the insect, not the background.
➜ Be sure to release the insect back
where you found it.
Appreciate that you’ll always have plenty of
subjects, since insects make up about 80% of the
world’s animal population!

from the smaller worlds represented in

this scenario—the insects, snowflakes, I spy with my little eye
an interesting fly
and even microscopic viruses.
Consider the craft of the micro-
photographers, who take pictures of
the small, smaller, and smallest
details in our world.

I’m develo
ping a
n e w h obb
y.

23
 Jeff Goodman
suggests
photographing
snowflakes whe
they land on a
car windshield.

Photographing the Smaller (Snowflakes)

Jeff Goodman is a teacher and experienced
photographer who captures the detailed patterns
found in nature. He got his start when his father
bought him a special macro lens that attached to
his iPhone. One extremely cold day when the
wind chill in Ohio was -20 degrees F, Goodman
noticed that it was easier than usual to see the
fascinating shapes of individual snowflakes as
they landed on his car windshield. When he
zoomed in with his iPhone, the intricate details of
each snowflake’s design were mesmerizing.
Here are some of Goodman’s hot tips (er, make
that cold tips) for photographing a snowflake. ➜ For outdoor photos, work quickly. If your
breath or body heat gets too close to the
➜ Wait for a day when the snowfall is light snowflake, it might melt before you get a
and the snowflakes are not all clumped chance to photograph it.
together in a heavy, wet mass. The drier
and colder the air is, the better the Goodman’s favorite snowflakes have extra
snowflakes stay crystalized. Temperatures elaborate extensions from the center of the
below 0 to 19 degrees are best. flake. “People say that no two snowflakes look
➜ Snowflakes are easiest to see on a car exactly alike,” Goodman says, “but over eight
windshield. Be patient and keep a steady years of photographing hundreds of different
hand. Take a photo of a cluster of individual flakes, I’ve noticed that there tend to be about
flakes. When you edit your shots, crop the 10-12 unique styles that almost every individual
photo and zoom in extra close on the snowflake can be grouped in to.” Which type do
snowflakes with the most interesting designs. you find most beautiful?

24
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 This image called Blue
Marble was created from
several images taken by
a satellite in 2012.

The crew of Apollo 8

prepares to board for
their 1968 mission.
et
Be sure to g
e!
my best sid

Blastoff! The Apollo 8 crew

lifts off from the Kennedy
Space Center in Florida.

They checked systems and made

sure everything was ready to go to
the Moon.
As they orbited Earth, they looked
out the small windows of the capsule.
Below they could see vivid white clouds,
dazzling blue oceans, and patches of
brown and green. They could pick out
the continents as they flew overhead.
Then the engine fired to push them
out of Earth orbit and on the path to
the Moon. In two minutes, they were
traveling at nearly 20,000 miles per
hour, faster than humans had ever
gone. Soon, the three astronauts broke
the record of flying 853 miles above
the Earth. They were higher than
humans had ever been.
The astronauts could see Earth
getting smaller as they flew, but they
didn’t see the Moon until they were
very close. The position of the small
windows and the glare of the sun kept

28
 them from seeing the Moon.
On December 24, the
astronauts arrived at the Moon
and began to orbit. The Moon
always shows its same side to the
Earth. The far side of the Moon
had been photographed by
probes, but humans had never
seen it. The Apollo 8 astronauts
were the first to see the far side
of the Moon.
The astronauts saw the Moon
out of the windows as they flew
past. Anders said, “It looks like a
big…big beach down there.” The
surface was covered in gray dust.
The craters were huge.
On their third orbit of the Moon,
they saw Earth rising above the
Moon, just like we see the Sun and
Moon rise on Earth. On their first
Neil Armstrong walking on
the moon in 1969 is one
of the most famous space
photos ever taken.
was vivid and colorful above the
FAST FACTS bare, dry Moon. The sun shone on
the vibrant Earth. A dark curve
»  The Saturn V rocket
was the most showed where the Moon blocked
powerful rocket that
ever flew successfully.
the sun. The same event happens
These rockets when we see a crescent Moon.
launched all of the
Apollo missions after Earth blocks the light of the Sun
Apollo 8 and also the from hitting the Moon.
Skylab space station.
Anders snapped three photos
»  The Apollo missions
continued after Apollo using a camera and a telephoto
8. Twelve Americans
walked on the Moon lens that makes images appear
before the program close. The best picture became
ended.
known as Earthrise.
Earthrise showed a beautiful
world, which the astronauts knew
orbits around the Moon, they had was full of life—human, animal,
not seen this sight because the and plants. Earth hung in the
spacecraft windows were facing blackness of space above the
down at the Moon. The capsule gray, dead Moon. Borman
rolled some to change the view. realized that everyone he loved
Then they saw Earthrise. The Earth was on that tiny ball so far away
from him at that moment. No
countries or borders were visible,
just a blue and white sphere.
People around the world saw
the photo in their newspapers.
The picture became one of the
most famous photographs of the
20th Century. In 2018, a crater
was named Anders Earthrise to
celebrate the photo.
Anders said it made him realize
that our home planet is small
compared to the rest of space. “We
set out to explore the Moon and
instead discovered the Earth.”
Roberta Baxter has always been
fascinated by space and space travel.
She has written numerous articles
and more than 50 books for children
of all ages.
29
 K_\
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Dear Amy, pen pal with me.

Thank you so much for agreeing to
u do on a local news
I first sa w the special work that yo
al!
program. I think your work is magic
ays think of my
When I think of photography, I alw
to have a picture
mom telling us that it was a big deal
would come running
taken when she was a kid. Everyone
d to be sent out for
to be in the photo. Then the film ha
weeks before the
developing and it would be days or
pictures the second
photos would be ready. No w we see
mories of picture
they are taken. Do you have any me
taking from your childhood?
every day,
I am in a few pictures pretty much
s my friends
as most teens are. While the picture
ke us laugh
and I take capture a moment and ma
th e tim e, th ey ar en ’t am az ing lik e your photos. What
at
int o ph ot og ra ph y? Wh at ins pir ed this type of photography?
inspired you to go
happen?
Ho w do you make that kind of magic
I’m excited to hear back from you!
Your friend,
Kylie

Hello, Kylie!
Thank you so much for the kind wo
rds.
I do remember the days of having
to wait for film to be developed. I wa
around seven when I started taking s
two or three disposable cameras to
event I went to. I used to capture de every
tails, group photos, "selfies," and lan
I would get 100 pictures back from dscapes.
CVS. At the time, I thought only ab
out 50%

3
34
 t as an ad ult , I lov e loo kin g th ro ug h all of them. Blurry
of them were keepers, bu
po sed im ag es— th ey all ta ke me right back to the moment.
images, over or underex
ph ot og ra ph y ev olv es, so do es th e nostalgia about the images.
As
fun ny, cr az y, see mi ng ly in th e mo ment shots, and they ended up
I took those
ep lac ea ble mo me nts . I wa s alw ays driven to capture
being some of my favorite irr
my fri en ds. Bu t my spe cifi c genre of photography was really
everything, starting with
ug hte r. I lov e wh im sic al sto rie s an d artwork. When I had my
inspired by my first da
, I wa s alw ay s sh ow ing he r bo ok s by Brian Foud and Amy Brown. I
daughter Madison and even then, when
he r ow n fai ry dr ess -u p co stu me s,
used to take pictures of her in
at, th ey go t att en tio n. I co nti nu ed to pursue this type of
the images weren't that gre
me s an d th em es, an d it ha s ev olv d into what it is no w. I still
ed
photography using costu
have much to learn.
—Amy

Hi, Amy,
If I were to have a session with you,
I think I would lov
ove to be
a mermaid. I love the ocean and I
think it would be so cool to see
what it feels like to have a tail instea
d of legs. Do you have a favorite typ
of session? Ho w do the kids you ph e
otograph react when they are doing
session? the
With smiles,
Kylie

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35
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Dear Kylie, nderland

Mermaids are a favorite. Alice in Wo
lly love them
is too. Pirates are always a blast. I rea
ment when we
all, and I feel like I am so in the mo
e individually.
create sessions that I love each on
s are where
But if I had to choose just one, fairie
my heart lies.
sions
One of the great things about my ses
look at me or
is that the subject doesn’t have to
and get dirty
smile. They can explore, think, play,
in expreressions
instead of posing. It usually results
.\OLHWDNHVDVHOIL 
.
of wonder and tons of giggles. ZLWKDIULHQG
Z

—Amy

De
ear Amy,
I admire ho w much time and
effort you put into your shoots and
photo
production. I am sure it means the
world
to your clients to see themselves in
such a
magical light.
What is the process like of turning
these photos into fantasy inspired
photos? Do you have any tips for 2QHRI.\OLHłV
budding photographers who may IDYRULWHVKRWV

want to try taking and making som

e
magical photographs on their own?
I have sent along a few of my
favorite pictures I’ve taken and
hope you’ll share some of
yours with our rea
eaders.
Your friend,
Kylie

36
 Dear Kylie,
It’s a very long process. One
client is an entire production, like
a mo vie. Packing the props and
wardrobe for a session, traveling,
getting into costume, and the sessio
n
itself can take up to three or four
hours, sometimes more. Loading th
e
images on my computer and culling
them takes about another hour or
so. And making one image really
"magical," like adding animals, makin
g
fairies fly, or giving mermaids their
tails, takes a minimum of six hours
per
image. My clients wait three to fou
r
months for their final product. I alw
ays
do one image right away, so they at
least $IDLU\WDOH$P\łVORYHRI
have that within about a week. GUHVVLQJKHURZQGDXJKWHU
LQIDLU\FRVWXPHVKHOSHG
My best and most valuable advice ODXQFKKHUFDUHHU
is the most common and simple: ke
ep
shooting! As I said, I started with th
e
same intention, just like kids today.
Just
living in the moment, seeing what loo
ks good, what doesn't. That ’s the sa
interest that fueled my desire to lea me
rn Photoshop. No w it is even easier
learn, because whatever your vision to
is, chances are there is already a tut
on ho w to achieve it. If you keep go orial
ing, you will disco ver your specific
before you know it! passion
I love those photos you sent! They re
mind me a lot of the ones I mention
from my childhood. I have included ed
some of myy pphotoggrapphs.
Feel free to use whichever you like!
Let me know if there is anything els
e!
—Amy

37
 $&/26(5/22. cco
omp
mpiled
d by Ma
Max Sc
Max Sche
Schhein
hei
inbl
inbl
blum
um
m

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38
 There are three different levels
of the Eiffel Tower. The first
level is 189 feet high and has
an observation area, souvenir
shops, a restaurant, an art show,
and a transparent floo . The
second level, which stands at
379 feet high, includes another
restaurant and observation area.
The third level offers amazing
views at 905 feet high.

A woman married the tower in

2007 and legally changed her
name to Erika La Tour Eiffel.

To mark the 100th anniversary

of the French Revolution, France
hosted the 1889’s World’s
Fair. The tower was built as an
entrance marker for the event
on the Champ-de-Mars, a public
greenspace in Paris.

The Eiffel Tower stands 985 feet high.

e
In cold weather it shrinks by up to six Eiffe in lov
inches because the metal contracts. with Pa ri s.

It is possible to climb to the top, but It took from 1887 until 1889, two years, two
most people take one of the lifts. The months, and five days, for more than 30
lifts travel a combined distance of steel workers to construct the tower. They
64,000 miles (103,000 kilometers) used more than 40 tons of paint and 18,000
per year—that’s two and a half times individual metallic parts in the process.
the circumference of Earth.
The tower was built by the firm Eiffel e
More than 300 million people have Compagnie. The construction business was
visited the Eiffel Tower since it owned by Gustave Eiffel, who also helped
opened. Roughly seven million people design the Statue of Liberty.
visit each year.

The tower was only intended to stand

for 20 years. However, government
leaders realized it could be used
as an effective wireless telegraph
transmitter and so it was permitted
to stay. During World War I, the tower
helped jam German communications.

39
CROSSWORD

Take a Picture
Answers to Take a Picture Crossword on page 48

2 3

4 5

ACROSS
1 last name of photographer known for his
images of the Civil War
2 oily, tarlike substance used in early
photography
6 Greek philosopher who developed the idea
of the camera obscura
7 a type of single-user peephole projector
8 Two giraffes were born in a zoo in this U.S.
city in 2021.
9 Kodak was founded by George ________.
40
DOWN
1 small box camera sold by Kodak
3 This attraction in Paris is one of
the most photographed sites in the
world (two words).
4 image of our planet taken by
Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders
5 Photographs of this type of animal
led to the birth of cinema.
A photographer captured
this beautiful sunset in
Kruger National Park in
South Africa.
Mandarin Summer Camp for Kids

Bring China to you this summer!

❖ Learn Mandarin Chinese in small online groups ❖
❖ Fun classes and activities with great teachers ❖
❖ Stimulating language and cultural learning ❖

Visit CricketMedia.com/NeuLingo/summer to learn more.

41
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