Differentiation 12F

1 a y = x2 − 7x + 10 e So the equation of the tangent at (−1, 2) is

dy 3
 2x  7 y − 2 = 12(x − (−1))
dx 4
When x = 2, gradient = 2 × 2 − 7 = −3 y − 2 = 12x + 12
So the equation of the tangent at (2, 0) is y = 12x + 14
y − 0 = − 3(x − 2)
y = −3x + 6 7
y + 3x − 6 = 0 f y  x2   x 2  7 x 2
x2
dy
1  2 x  14 x 3
b y  x   x  x 1 dx
x When x = 1, gradient = 2 + 14 = 16
dy
 1  x 2
So the equation of the tangent at (1, −6) is
dx y − (−6) = 16(x − 1)
y + 6 = 16x − 16
When x = 2, gradient = 1 − 2−2 = y = 16x − 22
So the equation of the tangent at  2, 2 12  is
1 3 2 a y  x2  5x
y  2  ( x  2) dy
2 4  2x  5
4y − 10 = 3x − 6 dx
4y − 3x − 4 = 0 When x = 6, gradient of curve = 2 × 6 − 5
=7
1 1
c y  4 x  4x 2 So gradient of normal is  .
7
1
dy  The equation of the normal at (6, 6) is
 2x 2 1
dx y  6   ( x  6)
2 
1 7
When x = 9, gradient = 2  9 2
 7y − 42 = −x + 6
3
7y + x − 48 = 0
So the equation of the tangent at (9, 12) is
2
y  12  ( x  9) 8 
1
3 b yx  2
 x  8x 2
2

3y − 36 = 2x − 18 x
3y − 2x − 18 = 0 dy 
3
 2x  4x 2
dx
2x 1 2x 1 When x = 4, gradient of curve
d y    2  x 1
x x x 
3
4 17
dy = 2  4  4(4) 2  8  
 0  x 2  x 2 8 2
dx 2
When x = 1, gradient = 1−2 = 1 So gradient of normal is  .
17
So the equation of the tangent at (1, 1) is The equation of the normal at (4, 12) is
y − 1 = 1 × (x − 1) 2
y=x y  12   ( x  4)
17

e y = 2x3 + 6x + 10 17y − 204 = −2x + 8

dy 17y + 2x − 212 = 0
 6x2  6
dx
When x = −1, gradient = 6(−1)2 + 6 = 12

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3 y  x2  1 4 The equation of the normal at (1, 2) is
dy y  2   14  x  1
 2x
dx 4y − 8 = −x + 1
dy 4y + x − 9 = 0
When x = 2 and =4
dx
So the equation of the tangent at (2, 5) is Normals at (0, 0) and (1, 2) meet when
y − 5 = 4(x − 2) 4(−x) + x − 9 = 0
y = 4x − 3 3x = −9
x = −3
When x = 1, gradient of curve = 2 y=3
1 The normals meet at (−3, 3).
So gradient of normal is  .
2
The equation of the normal is 5 y = f(x) = 12  4 x  2 x2
dy
1
y  2   ( x  1)  0  4  4x  4x 1
2 dx
When x = −1, y = 12 − 4(−1) + 2(−1)2
1 1
y  x2 = 18
2 2 dy
 4(1)  4  8
Tangent at (2, 5) and normal at (1, 2) meet dx
when The tangent at (−1, 18) has gradient −8.
1 1 So its equation is
 x2 y − 18 = −8(x + 1)
4x − 3 = 2 2 y − 18 = −8x − 8
8x − 6 = −x + 5 y = −8x + 10
9x = 11
11 The normal at (−1, 18) has
x
9 1 1
gradient = . So its equation is
11 17 8 8
y=4× −3=
9 9 1
y  18  ( x  1)
So the tangent at (2, 5) meets the normal 8
at (1, 2) at  119 , 179  . 8y – 144 = x + 1
8y − x − 145 = 0
4 y  x  x3 6 y = 2x2
dy
 1  3x 2 dy
 4x
dx dx
When x = 0, gradient of curve = 1 + 3 × 02 2
=1 1 1 1
When x = , y = 2 ×   =
1 2 2 2
So gradient of normal is   1 . dy 1
1  4 = 2
The equation of the normal at (0, 0) is dx 2
y − 0 = −1(x − 0) 1
So gradient of normal is − .
y = −x 2
The equation of the normal at  12 , 12  is
When x = 1, gradient of curve = 1 + 3 × 12
=4 1 1 1
y− = − (x − )
1 2 2 2
So gradient of normal is  . 1 3
4 y=− x+
2 4

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6 The normal intersects the curve when Challenge
1 3
2x2 = − x + y = 4x2 + 1
2 4
8x2 + 2x − 3 = 0 dy
 8x
(4x + 3)(2x − 1) = 0 dx
3 1 Gradient of line L = 8x
x = − or Equation of line L:
4 2
1 y = 8x(x) + c
x= is point P, = 8x2 + c
2
Line L passes through the point (0, −8),
3
so x = − must be point Q. so c = −8
4 y = 8x2 − 8
3 1  3 3 9 Line L meets the curve when
When x = − , y = −    + =
4 2  4 4 8 4x2 + 1 = 8x2 − 8
Point Q is   4 , 8  .
3 9 4x2 = 9
9
x2 =
4
3
x= 
2
3
As the gradient is positive, x =
2
y = 8x(x) − 8
3
y = 8 x − 8
2
y = 12x − 8

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