WORK, ENERGY, and POWER

WORK
Work= Force x displacement.
W=F.d

Work = Product of displacement and force in the direction of

displacement.
W = (Fx ) (d)
W = (F cos ϴ )(d)
Work done on the block
a
F
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝐹. 𝑑

d
𝐹
𝐹𝑦 a 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = (𝐹𝑥 ) 𝑑
ϴ
𝐹𝑥 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = (𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠ϴ) 𝑑

d
Work = F x d
1 𝐵𝑇𝑈 = 778 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏
Force, F= N, dyn, lb = 1.055 𝐾𝑗
Distance = m, cm, ft = 0.252 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
Work = F x d
1 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 4.187𝐾𝑗
Work = N x m = N.m
1 𝐾𝑗 = 1 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
= Joules (J)
= dyn x cm = (dyn-cm) or erg
Work = F x d
Work = lb x ft = lb-ft or ft - lb
Example: Work done
A box is pushed without acceleration 5 m along a horizontal floor
against a frictional force of 180 N. How much work is done?

F=180 N

D=5 m
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝐹. 𝑑
𝑊 = 180𝑁 𝑥 5𝑚 = 900 𝑁 − 𝑚
= 900 𝐽
= 0.9 𝐾 𝐽
Example: Work done
What work is performed in dragging a sled 50 ft horizontally without
acceleration when the force of 60 lb is transmitted by a rope making an
angle of 30 degrees with the ground.
F=60 lb 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝐹𝑥 . 𝑑
30𝑜 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ . 𝑑
𝐹𝑥
𝑊 = 60 𝑙𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 (50 𝑓𝑡)
D=50 ft 𝑊 = 2598.076211 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏

𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑇𝑈

1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑊 = 2598.076211 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏 𝑥 = 3.3394 𝐵𝑇𝑈
778 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏
ENERGY : The ability to do work
1. Potential Energy
- energy posses by virtue of its elevation.
Ex: electrical, elastic, chemical, and nuclear potential energy,
gravitational potential energy(the most common form)

2. Kinetic Energy
- energy posses by virtue of its velocity.
- is energy of motion.
 POTENTIAL ENERGY, PE
Mass, m
𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑊ℎ
𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
Height, h 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝐽
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠, 𝐾𝑔
ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡, 𝑚
𝑔 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑚 𝑓𝑡
9.81 𝑜𝑟 32.2
𝑠2 𝑠2

𝑚 𝐾𝑔 − 𝑚
𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝐾𝑔 2 𝑚 = 2
𝑚 =𝑁−𝑚 =𝐽
𝑠 𝑠
Example: Potential Energy
• How much work is done in lifting a 5 Kg mass to a height of 30 m?

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑊ℎ
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 5 𝑘𝑔 (9.81 𝑚 𝑠 2 )(30 𝑚)

𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
= 1471.5 (𝑚)
𝑠2
= 1471.5 𝑁 − 𝑚
= 1471.5 𝐽
= 1.4715 𝐾𝐽
 KINETIC ENERGY, K.E.
1 2 2
W Δ𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
2
1 𝑊
v 𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝑣2
m 2 2𝑔
𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦; 𝐽, 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏
𝑚 𝑓
𝑣, 𝑣𝑓, 𝑣𝑖 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙; ,
𝑠 𝑠
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠, 𝑘𝑔, 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠, 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑚 𝑓𝑡
𝑔 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦; 9.81 2 , 32.2 2
𝑠 𝑠
1 𝑚 2 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚2 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚
𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝐾𝑔 = 2
= 2
𝑚 =𝑁−𝑚 =𝐽
2 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
 Example: KINETIC ENERGY
• What is the kinetic energy of a 800 Kg object which is moving at 27.78
m/s?

1 2
𝑊 2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 = 𝑣
2 2𝑔

𝐾. 𝐸. = 1 2 (800 𝐾𝑔) 27.78 𝑚 𝑠 2

𝐾. 𝐸. = 1 2 (800 𝐾𝑔) 27.78 2 𝑚2

𝑠2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 1 2 (800 𝐾𝑔) 27.78 2 𝑚2
𝑠2
2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 308691.36 𝐾𝑔 𝑚 𝑠 2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 308691.36 𝐽
𝐾. 𝐸. = 308.69136 𝐾𝐽
 Example: KINETIC ENERGY
• Compute the kinetic energy of the 5 grams rifle traveling at 500 𝑚 𝑠.

1 2
𝑊 2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 = 𝑣
2 2𝑔
1 𝐾𝑔
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 5 𝑔 𝑥 = 0.005 𝑘𝑔
1000𝑔
1 2 𝑚 2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 0.005 𝑘𝑔 (500)
2 𝑠2
𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚 − 𝑚
𝐾. 𝐸. = 625
𝑠2
𝐾. 𝐸. = 625 𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝐽
POWER
- the time rate of doing work.

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟, 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑥
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 1 𝐻𝑃 = 746 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝑚 𝑁−𝑚 𝐽
=𝑁
𝑠
=
𝑠
=
𝑠
= 0.746 𝐾𝑤
𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏
= 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 (𝑊) = 33,000 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 42.42 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Example: POWER
A box is pushed across a horizontal floor by a horizontal force of 180 N.
• Find the power output in pushing the box 20 m in 5 minutes.

1 𝐻𝑃 = 746 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
F=180 N = 0.746 𝐾𝑤
𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏
= 33,000 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 42.42 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐽
= watts
𝑠
Distance=20 m
T=5 min.
60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑡 = 5 min 𝑥 = 300 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝐹. 𝑑
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑡
180 𝑁 (20 𝑚) 𝑁 − 𝑚 𝐽
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 12 = 12 = 12 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
300 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Example: POWER
A box is pushed across a horizontal floor by a force of 180 N making an angle of 30𝑜 with horizontal.
• Find the power output in pushing the box 20 m in 5 minutes.
F=180 N
1 𝐻𝑃 = 746 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
= 0.746 𝐾𝑤
30𝑜 𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏
= 33,000 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 42.42 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐽
= watts
𝑠
Distance=20 m
T=5 min.
60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑡 = 5 min 𝑥 = 300 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

(𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠θ)𝑑
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑡
180 𝑁 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 (20 𝑚) 𝑁 − 𝑚 𝐽
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = = 10.39230485 = 10.39230485 = 10.39230485𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
300 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐
 Efficiency, e
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑒 = =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑖

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, η𝑚 = 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

η𝑒 η𝑒

𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑜
𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
η𝐵
 Example: Efficiency
• A power of 90 Kw is supplied to the motor of a crane. It lifts 6000 kg to a height of 15 m
in 18 sec. find the efficiency of the machine.
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑒 = =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑖

𝑃𝑜
𝑒=
𝑃𝑖

𝑚
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑃. 𝐸. 𝑚𝑔ℎ 6000 𝑘𝑔 (9.81 𝑠 2 )(15 𝑚)
𝑃𝑜 = = = =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡 𝑡 18 𝑠
𝐽
𝑃𝑜 = 49050 𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠

𝑃𝑜 = 49.050 𝐾𝑤

𝑃𝑜 49.05 𝐾𝑊
𝑒= = = 0.545 𝑜𝑟 54.5%
𝑃𝑖 90 𝐾𝑊
Example: Efficiency
• A power of 6 Kw is supplied to the motor of a crane. The motor has an efficiency
of 90%. With what constant speed does the crane lift 363 Kg weight?
𝑃𝑜
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑒 = 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚 0.00981 𝐾𝑁
𝑃𝑖 5.4 = (363 𝐾𝑔 𝑥 )(𝑣)
𝑠 1 𝑘𝑔
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟, 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑣)
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑣 = 1.516415194 𝑚 𝑠

𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑜
𝑒 = = 0.90 =
𝑃𝑖 6 𝐾𝑤

𝑃𝑜 = 5.4 𝑘𝑤

𝑃𝑜 = 𝐹(𝑣)

0.00981 𝐾𝑁
5.4 𝑘𝑤 = (363 𝐾𝑔 𝑥 )(𝑣)
1 𝑘𝑔