DR GANDA SINGH

HISTORIAN OF THE SIKHS

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SHI ROM ANI G U R D W A R A PR A BA N D H A K COMMITTEE

AMRITSAR
 MARCH, 28
1964

Printed by Pritam Singh Chahil at the Manjit Printing & Publishing Co , Chandigarh,
and published by Master Sujan Singh, Secretary, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak
Committee, Amritsar.
 Dr Ganda Singh’s is the most honoured name in Sikh
learning today. He has done more than any other scholar
to explore the Sikh historical tradition. Born on November,
15, 1901, at Hariana, an ancient town in Hoshiarpur district,
Dr Ganda Singh has been guided throughout his life by one
single impulse, one sole purpose of researching and re-writing
the history of the Sikhs. With uncommon zeal and energy,
he gave himself to his chosen task and achieved an identity
with his literary engagement which is rare among Punjabi
scholars.

Over the years, his work has been dearer to him than
anything else. He has allowed nothing to lure him away from
it. Nor has he succumbed to any difficulties or trials of which
he has seen many in his life. He has remained indifferent
to fame and prospects of material advancement and scrupulously
shunned the limelight. There is, altogether, a touch of nobility
about the selfless and studious way Dr Ganda Singh has
dedicated himself to the calling of his seeking.

The religious polemic which raged in the Punjab in the first

decade o f this century stirred young Ganda Singh’s curiosity.
He turned to reading Sikh literature. The stories of Sikh
heroes o f the 18th century—their spirit of bold adventure and

1
 their brave deeds and sacrifices—made a deep impression on
his imagination. This was the origin of his interest in Sikh
history. The liberating impulse generated by the Singh Sabha,
the Sikh renaissance movement, excited his spirit of enquiry
and gave a critical bias to his study of Sikh history. A
deeply embedded streak of adventure, tough physique and
strong, indomitable character were other constituents of
the equipment of the future historian of the Punjab.

He interrupted his studies at Forman Christian College

at Lahore to join the army in the Third Afghan War. He saw
action in Mesopotamia in World War I and had his thigh torn
with a bullet shot. Through an erroneous marking, the letter
which arrived back in home—Pur Hiran, District Hoshiarpur—
showed him as “dead”. Recovering from his wounds, he came
to his village a few months later. The hour was late and his
knocking at the door of his house did not sound to the inmates
an earthy phenomenon. He was not let in. Spreading out
his rug on the bullock-cart in the Haveli, he slept out the night
as well as he would have done in the most comfortable of
beds.

He went back to Mesopotamia and, thence, to Tran. In

the latter country, where he spent nine years, he came in touch
with Sir Arnold T. Wilson, then engaged on his Bibliography
o f Persia. Sir Arnold encouraged his literary interests and
introduced him to English journals and societies devoted to
oriental studies. Ganda Singh reviewed for some of these
books on Indian themes.

Library / www.panjabdigitib.org
 In Iran, he started building up his private library, which,
today, is perhaps the largest collection under a single roof of
material on the history of the Sikhs. He purchased books
from all parts o f the world and undertook tours of England
and other European countries where he visited museums and
bookstores.

He published his first book, M y First Thirty Days in

Mesopotamia, which was in English, while he was in Iraq.
His next two books, Inkishaf-i-Haqiqat and Sikhi Parchar were
in Urdu and Punjabi, respectively. The urge to take up his­
torical research in a more systematic manner brought him back
to India in 1930. His object was to collaborate with Karam
Singh who had done valuable pioneer work in the line and who,
by his impassioned writings, had aroused considerable interest
in the study and investigation of Sikh history. But before Dr
Ganda Singh could meet him, the latter had died. Dr Ganda
Singh settled down in Lahore and joined the Phulwari, a journal
devoted to Punjabi letters and history.

Soon after, he was offered a teaching and research appoint­

ment at the Khalsa College at Amritsar. The college had just
started a Sikh History Research Department which was placed
in his charge. This was the beginning of a most fruitful period
o f his career. Starting from scratch, he built the Research
Department of the Khalsa College into a leading institution
o f its kind in the country. He equipped it with the rarest
books and manuscripts. His summer holidays every year he
spent travelling in the country collecting for his college material
bearing on the history o f the Punjab.

3
 His first major work was a biography, in English, of Banda
Singh Bahadur. It was a piece of meticulous historical writing,
marked by precision of detail and authenticity of evidence based
on original and contemporary sources of information. This
showed Dr Ganda Singh’s wide historical learning and per­
spective. A few more biographies, equally well documented,
followed. Two of these, Maharaja Kaura Mall and Sham
Singh Atariwala, were in Punjabi. Ahmad Shah Durrani, a
doctoral thesis in English, was subsequently published by Asia
Publishing House.

The scope of his activity widened when he joined PEPSU

Government as Director of Archives. He stayed at the post
until his retirement from service in 1956. He edited volumes
of government records and wrote several books. A very
remarkable publication was Private Correspondence Relating
to the Anglo-Sikh Wars (1955). In this book was collected
a voluminous mass of letters written by English army and poli­
tical officers dealing with events preparatory to the annexation
of the Sikh dominions. In the light of the evidence thus
assembled, the story of the subjugation of the Punjab stripped
itself of the smoke-screen which had till then surrounded it and
of the glib simplifications of the British writers of history text­
books. To this correspondence Dr Ganda Singh contributed
a long Introduction which revealed the range of his historical
erudition and his power of cogent reasoning. The British
thesis on the subject was finally demolished.

Critical discrimination is a characteristic of Dr Ganda

Singh’s intellectual discipline. With this he combines an ex-

i
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 traordinary capacity for marshalling historical facts and a
conscientious regard for truth. His patience and industry are
prodigious and his archival sense absolutely immaculate. His
prose, both English and Punjabi, is businesslike and straight­
forward, without any decorative frills, and his narrative has a
simple charm and vigour about it.
Dr Ganda Singh’s contribution to the study of Sikh history
is unique in several ways. In some fields his work is of a
pioneering nature. Several of his published books are
acknowledged as the most authoritative on the subjects they
deal with. On certain periods of the history of the Punjab
such as the 18th century and part of the 19th, especially the
Anglo-Sikh Wars, he should be the most knowledgeable of
scholars. Another criterion by which Dr Ganda Singh’s
achievement will be judged by the present and the coming
generations is the spadework he has done—the amount of new
material he has unearthed and brought to light.
Apart from his work, Dr Ganda Singh’s personality exacts
both admiration and reverence. His spirit of devotion and
self-effacement, and his deep humility, truthfulness and courage
are endearing traits. A man of strict rectitude himself, he is
always magnanimous in judging others. A crisis brings out his
native love of adventure. He would automatically assume a
position of command in such a situation and spare himself no
risk or hazard in performing whatever duty he might be called
upon to undertake. An unusual amalgam of scholar and man
o f action, Dr Ganda Singh has achieved a remarkable balance
between his natural enthusiasms and powers of mental detach­
ment. This gives him his scholarly poise, without denuding
him o f his human qualities.
5

D kritizecnj^anial^icrita^bm r^^w w j^
 SOME OF
HIS PUBLICATIONS
ENGLISH AND FRENCH
BOOKS
A Short Life-Sketch o f Banda Singh,
the Martyr, popularly known as
Banda Bahadur. Khalsa College,
Amritsar, 1934.
Life o f Banda Singh Bahadur. Khalsa
College, Amritsar, April, 1935.
History o f The Gurdwara Shahidganj,
Lahore, from its origin to Novem­
ber, 1935. December, 1935.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh : First
Death Centenary Memorial Volume,
edited in collaboration with Prof.
Teja Singh. Khalsa College, Amrit­
sar, 1939.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh. A life-
sketch. Pub. Author, Amritsar,
1939.
Qazi Nur Muhammad’s Jang Namah,
giving an account of the seventh
Indian invasion of Ahmad Shah
Durrani (1764-65). Khalsa College,
Amritsar, 1939.
Louis Bourquin, un Francais au
service des Mahrattes Premiere Par-
tie Les Memoires Shir-o-Shakar de
Daya Ram, traduits de l’original
Persan, publies avec une introduc­
tion par Edmond Gaudart. Lib-
rarie Earnest Leroux, Paris, Biblio-
theque Publique, Pondichery, 1940.
D kritizecnj^anial^irtta^brai^^w w jDai^
Guru Nanak : His Life and Teach­
ings. Sikh Missionary Tract So­
ciety, Singapore, 1940.
Nanak-Panthis : The Sikhs and
Sikhism of the Seventeenth Cen­
tury, as given in Mohsin Fani’s
Dabistan-i-Mazahib. Journal of
Indian History, August, 1940.
A History o f the Khalsa College
Amritsar Detachment o f the Punjab
University Officers Training Corps,
I.T.F. Khalsa College, Amritsar,
1949.
A History o f the Khalsa College,
Amritsar. 1949.
A Short History o f the Sikhs. Vol. I
(1469-1765) (In Collaboration with
Sardar Teja Singh). Orient Long­
mans, Bombay, 1950.
The Punjab in 1839-40 : Selections
from the Punjab Akhbars, Punjab
Intelligence, etc. Sikh History
Society, Amritsar, Patiala, 1952.
The Patiala and the East Punjab
States Union : Historical Back­
ground. Patiala, 1951.
A Bibliography o f the Patiala and
EPS Union. Patiala, 1954.
Private Correspondence relating to the
Anglo-Sikh Wars. Sikh History
Society, Amritsar, Patiala, 1955. '
The British Occupation o f the Punjab.
Sikh History Society, Patiala, 1955.
A Brief Account o f the Sikh People.
Sikh History Society, Patiala, 1956.
Also translated into Marathi,
Poona, 1963.
The National Anthem o f India. Ro­
tary Club, Patiala, 1957.
Ahmad Shah Durrani. Asia Pub­
lishing House, Bombay, 1959.
The Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikh His­
tory Society, Patiala, 1959.
A Diary o f the Partition Days 1947.
Reprinted from JIH, April and
August, 1960.
History o f the Origin and Progress
o f the Sicks by James Browne
(1788), edited. Indian Studies Past
and Present, Calcutta, 1961.
Early European Accounts o f the Sikhs,
edited and annotated. Indian
Studies Past and Present, Calcutta,
1962.
Bibliography o f Panjabi Language and
Literature (to form a part of vo­
lume III of the National Biblio­
graphy o f Indian Literature). Sa-
hitya Akademi, New Delhi.
A Bibliography o f the Panjab : An
analytical list of manuscripts,
books and papers, bearing on the
Panjab, with particular reference
to the Sikhs, arranged authorwise,
under different languages (Indian
and foreign), with the names of
publishers and places and dates of
publication. In case of manu­
scripts, it gives the names of
libraries, and their respective cata­
logue reference numbers under
which they may be consulted.
Where the titles of works are not
indicative enough, details of some
of the contents are also given.
(In Press — Punjabi University,
Patiala, 1964.)
Some Confidential Papers o f the
Akali Movement. SGPC, Amritsar,
1964.
Diqitizecnj^aniat^jiqita^bm
PAPERS
Bhai Gurdas : His Life and Work.
The Khalsa, Lahore, March 23 to
August 10, 1930.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh as seen by
' historians. The Khalsa, Lahore,
June 25, 1931.
The Pledge o f the Sikh Army taken 4
on the eve of their departure to
the Sutlej in 1845 for the first
Anglo-Sikh War. The Khalsa Re­
view, August 11, 1932 ; The Khalsa
te Khalsa Advocate, Amritsar,
August 13, 1932.
Sikh Historical Monuments and Need
for their Preservation : The Kh.
Rev., January 22, 1933.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Birth-place.
The Civil and Military Gazette,
Oct. 4, 1935. and November 23,
1935.
His Highness Maharaja Jagatjit
Singh o f Kapurthala. The Darbar,
Amritsar, Nov. 1937.
The Teachings o f Guru Nanak. The
Darbar, Amritsar, Nov., 1937 ;
The Amrit, Delhi, Vol. 1, Novem­
ber, 1950.
His Highness Sir Bhupendra Singh o f
Patiala. The Darbar, March, 1938.
Contemporary Sources o f Sikh His­
tory. Proc. Ind. Hist. Congress,
2nd Session, Allahabad ; The Dar­
bar, Amritsar, Nov. 1938.
Maharani Jind Kaur o f Lahore. The
Illustrated Weekly o f India, Bom­
bay, January 22, 1939 ; The Khalsa «
te Khalsa Advocate, Amritsar,
January 10, 1939 ; The Darbar, (
Amritsar, January, 1939.
Duleep Singh. A letter addressed
to the Editor, the Statesman, Delhi,
saying that Maharaja Ranjit Singh
had no daughter and Duleep Singh,
his son, had no sister. September
11, 1939.
The Persian Akhbars in the Alienation
Office, Poona. Proc. Indian His­
torical Records Commission (Cal­
cutta), Vol. XVI, 1939.
The Maratha-Sikh Treaty o f 1785.
Proc. Ind. Hist. Cong. (Calcutta),
1939.
Sir Charles Wilkins' Observations
on the Sikhs and their College at
Patna. The Darbar, February,
1940.
The Arrest and Release o f Sardar
Lehna Singh Majithia. Proc. Ind.
Hist. Cong. (Lahore), 1940.
The Last Days o f Guru Gobind Singh.
Journal o f Ind. History, Vol. XX,
Part I, Serial No. 58, April, 1941 ;
The Darbar, May-June, 1941.
Muslim Relics with the Sikh Rulers
o f Lahore. Proc. Ind. Hist. Cong.
(Aligarh), 1943.
The Akhbarat-i-Lahaur-o-Multan
{The Second Anglo-Sikh War o f
1848-49 : A Misnomer). Proc.
Ind. Hist. Records Comm., Vol.
XXI. (Udaipur), 1944.
The Zafar-Namah. The Khalsa,
Lahore, February 2, 1947.
The Minorities in Pakistan. The
Khalsa, March 30, 1947.
The Koh-i-Nur, under the heading
‘Travelled’. The C. and M.G.,
Lahore, May 1, 1947.
Jinnah's Policy. The Punjab Times,
Amritsar, November 12, 1947.
Punjab News in the Akbhar-i-Darbar-
i-Mu'alla. Proc. I. H. R. C. (Jai­
pur), Vol. XXIV, 1948.
Genocide in the Punjab : Who is
Responsible for it ? The Khalsa,
Delhi, Nov. 21, 1940.
Some Correspondence o f Maharaja
Duleep Singh. Proc. I.H.R.C.
(Delhi), 1948, Vol. XXV ; JIH,
Vol. XXVII, Part I. No. 79, April,
1949.
Early Maratha-Sikh Relations.
Mahamahopadhyaya Prof. Datto V.
Potdar Commemoration Volume,
Poona, 1950.
Contribution o f Patiala to the History
o f India. The Amrit, Delhi, June,
1951.
PEPSU'S Cultural Heritage :
Growth of Sikh Religion in the
Union. The Tribune, April 20,
1952 ; Spokesman, Delhi, April, 30,
1952 ; the Hindustan Times, April,
1952.
Ahmad Shah : The Man and His
Achievements. The Afghanistan,
Kabul, January-February-March,
1953.
Three Letters o f Maharani Jind Kaur.
The Tribune, Ambala, April 12, 19,
1953.
Jassa Singh Day. A Note on Sar-
dars Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia not assum­
ing the title of Maharaja. The
Tribune, July 11, 1953.
Who Founded Kapurthala (State) ?
The Tribune, August 9, 1953.
Sardar Jassa Singh and the Kapurthala
Farmans. The Tribune, Ambala,
August 25, 1953.
Panjaur. The Tribune, the Hindu­
stan Standard, January 26, 1954.
The Patiala Archives and Museum.
The Tribune, August 15, 1953 ; the
March o f India, March-April, 1954.
Bhai Vir Singh as Scholar o f History.
Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Granth.
New Delhi, 1954.
Sirhind. The Advance (Monthly),
Ambala, June, 1955.
The Panjab's Struggle for Freedom
through the Ages. The Advance
(Monthly), August, 1955.
The Golden Temple : Symbol of
Piety and Heroism—How Sikhism
changed the Psychology of the
People. The Indian National
Congress Sixty-first Session, Amrit-
9
 sar Souvenir. February, 1956.
Bhai Vir Singh and Sikh History.
The Sikh Review, Calcutta, Sep­
tember, 1956.
Martyrs o f the Xmas Week. The
Tribune, December 25, 1956 ; {The
Boy Martyrs o f Sirhind) the Sikh
Review, December, 1957.
“ 7mz Ghar Mera Asai” (Youi House
is My Own). The Spokesman,
Delhi, January 8, 1957.
Sikh Coins. The Tribune, Ambala,
August 8, 1957.
The Indian Mutiny o f 1857 and the
Sikhs. The Tribune, Ambala,
August 15, 1957 ; the Spokesman,
Delhi, August 12-19, 1957.
The 1857 Uprising and the Sikhs.
The Tribune, Ambala, October 6,
1957; JIH, April 1961.
The Origin o f Hindu-Sikh Tension.
The Spokesman, Delhi, October 21,
1957; JIH, April, 1961.
Ranjit Singh. A note regarding
Faqir Aziz-ud-Din being for some
time the Prime Minister of Maharaja
Ranjit Singh. The Tribune, Janu­
ary 21, 1958.
Aziz-ud-Din. A note saying that
Faqir Nur-ud-Din, brother of Faqir
Aziz-ud-Din, was also a State
Physician and Head of the Depart­
ment of Medical Services (Unani
System) in addition to other duties.
The Tibune, February 25, 1958.
Swami Keshwananda , (September 1,
1955). Swami Keshwananda Abhi-
nandan Grantha, March, 1958.
Transformtion o f the Sikhs into
Singhs. The Spokesman, Baisakhi
Number, 1958.
Colonel Polier's Account o f the Sikhs.
Journal o f the Asiatic Society, Cal­
cutta, Vol. I. No. 1, 1959, issued
May, 1961.
Banda Singh Bahadur : A Baptised
Singh. The Sikh Review, Calcutta,
10
D i a i t i z e ^ ^ a n i a ^ i q i ^ ^ i b r B i ^ l wwwjjanjabdiaUib^orn
April, 1961 ; The Missionary, Delhi,
No. 7, April-June, 1961 ; Spokes­
man, Baisakhi Number (April 13),
1961.
Bhai Jodh Singh. The Spokesman,
May 29, 1961 ; Sikh Review, De­
cember, 1961. t
The “Panjab” controversy (Objec­
tive Description of Kangra Paint­
ings). Tribune, May 20, 1963; May
I
26, 1963.
Patiala. The Patiala (Khalsa Col­
lege Patiala Magazine, 1962-63),
Patiala, 1963.
The Sikhs : An Historical Back­
ground. A paper read at the con­
ference on Sikhism and Christianity
at the Baring Union Christian
College, Batala, on October 1, 1963.
Introducing the Panjab. The
Advance, Chandigarh, January-
March, 1964.
PANJABI
BOOKS
Sikhi Par char (Spread of Sikhism).
Published by the author (Abadan,
Persian Gulf), August, 1928.
Sikh Itihas (History of the Sikhs).
Khalsa Tract Society, Amritsar,
1932.
Kujh Ku Puratan Sikh Itihasik Patre.
Amritsar, 1937. Contains trans­
lations of portions dealing with the
Sikhs from the original Persian
of :
Dabistan-i-Mazahib by Mohsin Fani
Tuzuk-i-Jehangiri by Jahangir
f
Siyar-ul-Mutakherin by Ghulan
Hussain Khan t
Jameh-ut-Tawarikh by Qazi Faqir
Muhammad
Khulasa-tu-Tawarikh by Sujan Rai
Bhandari
Early Records o f British India by
J. T. Wheeler (English).
Baintan Sher Singh Kian by Nihal
Singh, edited and annotated. Am­
ritsar, February, 1938.
Maharaja Kaura Mall Bahadur.
Khalsa College, Amritsar, 1942.
Sardar Sham Singh Atariwala. Am­
ritsar, 1942, 1948
Kukian di Vithia (A History of the
Kukas or Namdharis). Amritsar,
1944, 1946.
Sikh Itihas Bare. Amritsar, 1942,
1946. Contains historical papers on:
Guru Arjan’s Matryrdom
A Hukam Namah of Guru Gobind
Singh
The Last days of Guru Gobind
Singh
The real name of Baba Banda
Nadir Shah’s invasion of India
The First Holocaust (Ghalughara)
of 1746
An Act of Bravery by Ranjit Singh
The Lion of the Panjab : Maharaja
Ranjit Singh
The Meeting at Ropar between
Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Lord
William Bentinck
The deaths of Maharaja Kharak
Singh and Kanwar Nau-Nihal
Singh
Some New Light on the Treaty of
Bharowal
Maharani Jind Kaur
Three Letters of Maharaja Duleep
Singh
Letters of Guru Gobind Singh and
Chhatrapati Shivaji
Sikh Itihas Wal. The Panj Darya,
Lahore, 1946. Contains historical
papers on :
The Land of the Five Rivers
History of the Sikhs
The Martyrs’ Week
Ten so-called Successors of Guru
Gobind Singh
Banda Singh Bahadur
The Maratha-Sikh Treaty of 1785
11
Maharaja Ranjit Singh as Seen by
Others
The Sons of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Steel Helmet and the Sikhs
A Pledge of the Sikh Army, 1845
A Bibliography of Sikh History
Panjab Dian Varan (Ballads of the
Panjab). Amritsar, 1946. Con­
tains the following ballads :
Aggra’s Var Haqiqat Rai
Daya Singh’s Fateh Nama
Ram Dayal’s Jang Nama Sardar
Hari Singh
Qadar Yar’s Var Sardar Hari Singh
Nihal Singh, Baintan Sher Singh
Kian
Shah Muhammad, Angrezan te
Singhan di Larai
Kahan Singh, Jang Nama Lahaur
Matak, Jang Singhan te Farangian
da
Sidh Jin and Mir Lagam’s Jattan
Dian Varan
Sikh Itihasik Yadgaran. Sikh His­
tory Society, Amritsar, 1950.
Var Amritsar ki by Darshan, edited
and annotated. Sikh History So­
ciety, Amritsar, 1951.
Amar Nama, translated into Panjabi.
Sikh History Society, Amritsar,
Patiala, 1953.
Afghanistan wich Ik Mahina. Sikh
History Society, Patiala, 1954.
Panjab utte Angrezan da Qabza.
Panjabi Sahit Akademi, Ludhiana,
1955, 1957.
Afghanistan da Safar. Prakash and
Coy., New Delhi, 1958, 1960.
Mahatma Yisu Masih da Pahari
uppar Updesh. Patiala, 1958, 1959.
Panjab ate Panjab de Itihasik Asthan.
Chapters on the geography and his­
tory of the Panjab (Sapt-Sindhu—
Panjab) and the historical and
religious places of the state
(.Itihasik ate Dharmik Asthan)
contributed to the Panjab. Lan­
guage Department, Patiala, 1960.
 Bhai Jodh Singh (Bhai Jodh Singh Bhai Bota Singh di Shahidi. The
Abhinandan Granth). Khalsa Amrit, March, 1933.
College, Patiala, Panjabi Sahit Shahidi Sata. Khalsa Tract Society,
Akademi, Ludhiana, 1962. Amritsar, Tract No. 883, July, 1933.’
Panjab 1849-1960. (Bhai Jodh Singh Maharaja Ranjit Singh di Santan.
Abhinandhan Granth) Khalsa Khalsa Tract Society, Amritsar
College, Patiala, Panjabi Sahit 1934.
Akademi, Ludhiana, 1962. Guru Gobind Singh Dakhan Nun
Kion Gaye. The Sikh Sewak,
Amritsar, January 11, 1935.
PAPERS
Maharaja Kaura Mall Bahadur. The
Sikh Dharmik ate Itihasik Sahitya (A Likhari, Amritsar, May-September
Bibliography of Sikh Religion and 1937.
History). Sikh Itihasik Number of Sikh ltihas. The Phulwari, Lahore,
the Phulwari, Amritsar, December, January, 1928 ; The Khalsa te
1929-January, 1930. Khalsa Advocate, Amritsar, Janu­
Iraq-Arab ate Iran wich Guru ary 25, 1938.
Nanak dharamavalambi Subi te Maharaja Dalip Singh dian Do
Abid. Akali te Pardesi, November, Chitthian. The Panj Darya,
25, 1931 ; Khalsa te Khalsa Advo­ Lahore, November, 1939.
cate, November 21, 1931. Guru Govind Singh da Ik Hukam
Maharaja Ranjit Singh di Santan Nama. The Panj Darya, Lahore
sambandhi ghalat bianian di tardid. October, 1940.
Reprinted from the Khalsa Kujh ku Khuni Patre. The Panjabi
Samachar, Amritsar, May 5, 1932. Duniya, Patiala, March, 1950.
Shahidi Hafta. Sikh Sewak, Am­ Nanak Shahi te Khalsa Sammat. The
ritsar, January 3, 1933. Parkash, Patiala.
Sikh Itihasik Yadgaran di Sambhal. Ik Itihasik Ghatnavali. The Itihasik
Khalsa Advocate, Amritsar, Feb­ Pattar, Vol. 1, pt. IV, 1950.
ruary 25, and March 5, 1933. Afghanistan de Hindu Sikh. The
ltihas Shahidganj, Lahore : A series Parkash, Patiala, November 1
of 10 articles in the Gur-Sewak, Am­ 1952.
ritsar, September 18 to November, Patiala Union wich Sahit-rachna. The
27, 1935. Also in the Khalsa Advo­ Jiwan Preety, Patiala, May, 1953.
cate, Amritsar. Translated from Sada Qaumi Git. Panjabi transla­
English by Giani Nahar Singh. tion, by Pritam Singh Chahil, of the
ltihas Shahidganj Agitation. A series ‘‘National Anthem of India” . The
of 12 articles in the Gur-Sewak, Jiwan Preety, Patiala, October, 1957.
Amritsar, December 11, 1935 to Shri Sivaji di Mirza Raja Jai Singh de
March 18, 1936. Translated from naon Chitthi. Jiwan Preety, Patiala,
English by Giani Nahar Singh. April, 1959.
Also published in the Khalsa Advo­ Qissa Afghanistan ate Sayyad Mur-
cate, Amritsar. taza S/iah walon Angreazn di Sewa
Suramgati da Ik Saka. The Phul­ da hal by Sayyad Abul Hasan
wari, January, 1933 ; the Chandan, Shah, edited and annotated. Jiwan
Mandlay, June 13, 1939 ; the Amrit, Preety, August, 1959.
Amritsar, March, 1942. Sain Sahib Jawahar Mall ate Baba

12
 Balak Singh (Notes of Bhagat Contains :
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 H IN D I A N D M A R A TH I Jiwan Birtant. Khalsa Pracharak
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Pracharak Jatha, Delhi, April, 1930. Singh Thakur, o f A B rief Account
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