Logarithm

Solution-Ex-1
16 25 81
1. 7 log  5 log  3 log
15 24 80

7 5 3 7 5 3
 16   25   81    16   25   81  
 log    log    log    log     
 15   24   80    15   24   80  
 

7 5 3
 2 4   5 2   3 4    28 510 312 
 log    3   4    log  2  15  12 3 
 3  5   2  3   2  5   7 7 5
3  5 2  3 2  5 

 log 228 15 12  5 10 7 3  312 7  5  = log(21 × 50 × 30) = log 2

2
5 5 2 /5
5
5
18
2. log 2 2 32 4 = log 23/ 2 2  2 = log 23 / 2 2 
5

2 25 128
3. 2 log  3 log  log
5 8 625
3
22  52  27
 log 2  log  3   log 4
5 2  5

2 2 56 2 7
 log . .  log1  0
52 29 54

3 4 5  32 

4. log 2    log 2    log 2    ............  log 2  
2 3  4  31 

3 4 5 32 
= log 2    ..... 
2 3 4 31 

 32 
= log 2  
 2 
= log216 = 4

5. 2 log (x + y) = 3 log 5 + log x + log y

2
log  x  y   log 125   log xy

log
 x  y  log125

xy
2
x  y
  125
xy

Page 1
 Logarithm
6. a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 –2ab = 23ab
 (a + b)2 = 25ab  a+b = 5 ab ....(i)
Using (i)

(a  b) 5 ab 1 1
log  log  log ab  (log a  log b)
5 5 2 2

7. a = log23; b = log94 = log32  ab = 1

8. a = log2412, b = log3624, c = log4836

1  abc 1  log 24 12  log 36 24  log 48 36
So, 
bc log 36 24  log 48 36

1  log 48 12 log 48 48  log 48 12 log 48  48  12 

=  
log 48 24 l og 48 24 l og 48 24

 l og24  48  12  = 2

2 3
9. 
6 log 4 2000 6 log 5 2000

1  2 log 4  3log 5  1  log(16  125)  1

 
6  log 2000  6  log 2000  6

10. (log2(23.3)). log2(25.3) – log2(26.3) (log222.3)

= (3 + log23) (5 + log23) – (6 + log23) (2 + log23)

= 15 – 12 = 3

11. log529 = 9log52

log 2
=9
log 5

log 2 log 2 2709

=9 9 =
log10  log 2 1  log 2 699

1 1 1
12.  
log a a  log a (bc) log b b  log b (ac) log c c  log c (ab)

1 1 1
= log abc  log abc  log abc
a b c

= logabca + logabcb + logabcc = logabcabc = 1

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 Logarithm

log 4 log 5 log 6 log 7 log 8 log 9

13.     
log 3 log 4 log 5 log 6 log 7 log8
log 9 2log 3
=  2
log 3 log 3

n b
14. ax = b xna = nb x =
n a

n c
by = c ynb = nc y =
n b

n a
cz = a znc = na z =
n c

n b n c n a
xyz =   1
n a n b n c

49 1

15. 49(1log7 2)  5 log5 4  log 7 2

 5 log 5 4
49

49 1 50 25
   
4 4 4 2

16. Use alogb c  clogb a

3 log4 5  4 log5 3  3 log4 5  4 log5 3
 3 log 4 5
 3 log 5 4  3 log 4 5  3 log5 4 = 0

17. 81log3 5  33log 9 36  34 log9 7

3/2 2
 34log3 5  3log3 (36)  3log3 7
= 625 + 216 + 49 = 890.

18. log2406 + log2408 + log2405

log2406 × 8 × 5 = log240240 = 1

19. 4 + log3x = 8  log3x = 4  x = 81.

Hence, sum of digits = 8 + 1 = 9

 x(x  2)  x(x  2)
20. log10  0  1
 5x  4  5x  4
 x(x + 2) = 5x + 4  x2 – 3x – 4 = 0
 x = –1 (reject); x = 4

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 Logarithm

21. x1 log10 x  10 5 x

Taking log on base 10 on both sides
(1 + log10x)log10x = 5 + log10x
 log10x + (log10x)2 = 5 + log10x
 (log10x)2 = 5
5  5
 x  10 ; x  10 Product = 1

22. Taking log base e :

3
  2(nx)  4nx
2

 4(nx)2  8nx  3  0  nxnx 1

 lnx1 + lnx2 = 2  x1 x 2  e 2

1 1 1
23.  
logx2 1 2 log x2 1 13 log x2 1 2.log x 2 1 13

 log x2 1 13  log x2 1 2  1

 log x2 1 26  1  x2 + 1 = 26
 log7(x2 + 24) = log749 = 2

2
24. 4log10 x 1  6log10 x  2.3log10 (x  2)
0
log10 x 2
 4.4log10 x –  2.3  2.32.3log10 (x )  0

 4.22log10 x – 2log10 x.3log10 x  18.32log10 x  0

2 2

 4. 2log10 x  – 2log10 x .3log10 x  18.  3log10x   0

Now, let 2log10 x  y & 3log10 x  z

 4y 2 – yz  18z 2  0

 4y 2  9yz  8yz  18z 2  0

 4y(4y  9z)  2z(4y  9z)  0

y y 9
  2 or 
z z 4
log10 x log10 x 2
2 2 3
    2 or      log4 x = – 2
3 3 2
1
(Rejected)  or x=
100

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 Logarithm
25. Put x = – 2 in given expression

4
log4   – 2 log4 [4. (– 2)4]
4
 log41 – 2 log464
= 0 – 2. 3
=–6

26. log a 1  1  x   log a2  3  1  x 

2 loga 1  1  x   log a  3  1  x 
2
 1  1  x   3  1  x

Let, 1  1  x  y

 y2  y  2  0
y –1 & y = 2
x = 0, 3
Domain :

loga 1  1  x  Put x = 3 log a  1 [not possible]

Put x = 0 log a 0 [not possible]

log a2  3  1  x  Put x = 3 loga 2 1

Put x = 0 loga2 2
 Reject both 0, 3

 1  3
27. (1  2 log3 x)  2  log3 x   log3 x
 2  2

 y 9
 1  2y   2    y2
 2 4

9 9
 y2  y  2  y2
2 4

5 9
 y2  y  2  0
4 2

 5y 2  18y  8  0
 5y  20y  2y  8  0

  5y  2  y  4   0

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 Logarithm

2
y   or y  4
5
we get log3x = 4; log3x = –2/5
 x = 81; x = 3–2/5 (reject)

28. log(0.2)(x) < log(0.2) (3)3

3

x > 3 ( base is less than 1)

29. (81)3/2  729

 1 
30. log2    log 2 32  log 2 27  log 2 16  log 2 27  (4,5)
 27 
 – log2(27)  (– 5, – 4)
Characteristic = – 5

31. 2  log5 N  3

 52  N  53
Number of integers = [52, 53)
= 125 – 25 = 100

32. Take log to the base 10 on both sides

log10(3)200  200 × log 3
 200 × 0.4771
 95.42
Characterstic = 95
 Number of digits = 96

33. N = 212×38
log10N = log10212×38
= 12.log102 + 8.log103
= 12(0.3010) + 8(0.4771) = 3.6120 + 3.8168
= 7.4288
Hence number of digits = Characteristic + 1 = 7 + 1 = 8

100
 1
34. log10    100(0  log12)
 12 
 100 (– 2 × 0.3010 – 0.4771)
 – 107.91
Characteristic = – 108
Number of cyphers = 107

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 Logarithm

Solutions-Ex-1A
log 36
1. (A) 1
log 36
(B) log432  Not an integer value
log 5 16  log 5 4
(C)  log128 4  Not an integer
log5 128
4
1
(D) log 1    4
4 
4

1 2 3
2. (A)   0
log 3 2 log 3 2 log 3 2

2 3
(B) log 2    log 2  log 2 1  0
3 2
(C) log8log4log216 = log8(log44) = log81 = 0
(D) log10[cot1° . cot2°.......cot89°] = log10(1) = 0

3. N = log3(33.51) × (log315) – (log35) . (log3405)

= (3 + t ) (1 + t ) – t (4 + t)
= 3 + 4t + t2 – 4t – t2
=3

logb logc loga

4.   1
logb  loga  logc logc  loga  logb logc  loga  logb

5. (logba logca – 1) + (logab . logcb – 1) + (logac logbc – 1) = 0

loga loga logb log b logc logc
 .  .  .  3  (log a)3 + (log b)3 + (log c)3 = 3loga logb logc
logb logc loga logc loga log b
 (loga + logb + logc) = 0 [If a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = 0, then a + b + c = 0 if a  b  c]
 log abc = log 1  abc = 1

6. log3xy = 2 + log32  log 3 9  log 3 2

log3xy = log318  xy = 18 ....(i)
2
Now, log27(x + y) =
3
 x + y = (27)2/3
 x+y=9 ....(ii)
Solve (i) & (ii)
we get (x,y) can be (3,6) or (6,3)

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 Logarithm
7. Let N = 340
log10N = log10340
= 40. log103
= 40 × 0.4771
= 19.084
So, Number of digits in N are 20

8. log26 > log24  log26 > 2

 log3 9  log3 8  2  log 3 8
 log26 > log38 > log36 (because log38 > log36)
and log36 > log46
 Finally, log26 > log38 > log36 > log46

9. log 1  40   0 {because base is less than 1 and number greater than 1}

20

5
10. log 2    0 {because both base and number are less than 1}
3 6

 5 2 5 2
Also, log 2    log 2   because 
3  6 3 3 6 3

log 2 1
11. (i)  (R)
2 log 2 2

 16 
log5  
(ii)  4   log5 4  2 log 5 2  2 (S)
log 5 27 7 log 5 2 7 log 5 2 7

2
 1
(iii) log 1    2 (Q)
 
4 4

3
log33 23 log3 2
(iv)  3 1 (P)
log3 2 log3 2

12. (A) 2 log10 (x  3)  log10 (x2  21)

 (x – 3)2 = x2 – 21
 6x = 30
 x=5

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 Logarithm

(B) x log2 x 4
 32

  log2 x  4  log2 x  log2 32

Let log2x = y
 y2 + 4y – 5 = 0
 (y+5)(y–1) = 0
log2 x  5 log2 x  1

1
 x & x=2
32

5log10 x 3log10 x
(C) 5log10 x   3.3log10 x 
5 3
log10 x 2
 6  log10 x  10  log10 x
  5 5  3   5  5
 
   3  3 3

 log10 x  2  x  100
(D) 9.9 log x  3.3 log x  210  0
3 3

 9x2 – 3x – 210 = 0
 3x2 – x –70 = 0
 3x2 –15x + 14x –70 =0
14
 x5 ; x= (Reject)
3

13. log(log5 x) (5)  2 then (log 5x)2 = 5

 log5 x = 5 or x = 5 5
same if logx a = b then a = xb
or x = (a)1/b if a > 0

log5 250 log 510

14. N= 
log50 5 log1250 5
= (3 + log52) (2 +log52) – (1 + log52) (4 + log52)
= (log52)2 + 5 log52 + 6 – [(log52)2 + 5 log52 + 4]
=2

2 2
15. log3a = p;  2  log3b = p2; log3c = p3.
log3 b p

 a 4b 3  1  a 4b 3  1
 log 9    log 3    4 log 3 a  3log3 b  log 3 c 
 c  2  c  2
1
 ( p3  3p2  4p)     1 ;   3 ;   2,   0
2 2 2
 sum = 3.

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 Logarithm

16. log 2 (n  1)  10
n + 1 = 1024 ; n = 1023

1
17. log  2  2 (Number and reciprocal)
log  2

1 1
(log 2 3). 1
18. 2
log 2 3
2
log 2 3

= 2 log 2 3
 log 2 3 3 log 2 3
=3
log 3 2

log a N log N c
19. L.H.S.  log N  log a  log a c
c N

log a N– logb N
R.H.S.  log N– log N
b c

( log N b  log N a) log N c log N b

 log c  log b  log b  log a
N N N N

log N b/a
= log c/b  log a c
N

= logc/b b/a × loga c

 
 b  ac 
 c   b 2  ac 
 log c    .log a c b c 
=
 b
 b     
a b 
= loga c Ans.

1/3 1/ 4
 1 1  
20. (a) log1/ 3  729.  . 
  9 (27) 4/ 3  

1
 1 4
  1 1 3 
 log 1 36.    
3
 32 34  
 

1
1
 1 4
 log 1 36.   log 1 34
 32 
  4

3 3

 log 1 3  1
3

 log b (log b N)  loga (logb N)

(b) 9  a = log b N
 log b a 

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 Logarithm

21. log 2 a  s

log 4 b  s 2  log 2 b  2s 2

2
 log c2 8  3
s 1
3 3
  3
2 log 2 c s  1

3s3  3
 log 2 c 
4

 a 2 b5  2
3s3  3
log 2  4   2log 2 a  5log 2 b  4log 2 c  2s + 10s – 4
 c  4

22. Consider a x  a loga b


 a loga b  log b a
b
log a b
 by

23. log3x. log4x. log5x = log3x . log4x + log4x . log5x + log5x. log3x.
let log3x = p
log4x = q
log5x = r
 pqr = pq + qr + rp

1 1 1 
 pqr  pqr    
r p q

1 1 1
 pqr = 0 or   1
r p q
 x = 1 or logx3 + logx4 + logx5 – 1 = 0
 x = 1 or x = 60
sum of roots = 60 + 1
square = 612

24. (i) log3log2x = 1

 log2x = 3
 x=8
(ii) log5 ( 2x  2  3)  1

 2x  2  3  5
 2x  2  2
2x  2  4  x  3

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 Logarithm

log10 x 2
25.  3   
 2  3log10 x  3  0

Let 3log10 x  y

 y 2  2y  3  0  (y  3)(y  1)  0

 y  3  3log10 x  1  log10 x  x  10
OR
x
y  1  3log10 (Not Possible)

2
26.  alog x 
2
 4x log 2 a  5  0

(x log 2 a )2  4(x log 2 a a)  5  0  t2 – 4t – 5 = 0

log 2 a
t = 5  x 5 (log 2 a).log 5 x1
log5 x  log a 2

x  ( 5 )loga 2

For t = –1  x log 2 a  1 (no solution)

27. We have, log10 (2x + x – 41) = x (1 – log105)

 log10(2x + x – 41) = x log102 = log10 (2x)
 2x + x – 41 = 2x  x = 41. Ans.

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 Logarithm

Solutions-Ex-2
1. logax = p  ap = x  a = x1/p.
similarly bq = x2  b = x2/q
1 2  1
  . 1 1
Now, logx ab  logx x1 / p x 2 / q  logx x  p q 2  
2p q

2. log1227 = x Now, log616

3log 3 3 4 log 2 2
x 
2log 3 2  log 3 3 log 2 2  log 2 3

3 4
x 
2 log 3 2  1 1  log 2 3

3 x 4 4 3 x 
log32=   = 4  
2x 1 2x 3 x 
1 1
log 3 2 3x

3. Using property we get

log a 4
( 21/4 )
2  2log2 a  a 4
2
1)3 2
3log 27 (a  3log3 (a 1)
 a2 1
4 2
7 4log 49 a  7log 49 a  7log 7 a  a 2
So, we get
a4  (a2  1)  2a a4  (a  1)2
 2  a2  a  1
a2  a  1 a  a 1

4. log 4 (3 6 )  6log8 ( 3  2 )

45 2

6
5log 25/2 3  3  2  log 2
3
  3 2 
4
52
log 2 3  3  2 2 log 2   3 2 
4 5

4

2 log 2 3  3  2  log 2   3 2 

2log 2

3. 3  2 
4
 3 2   4log 2 9
3

2
6 )3
9log9 5  3log3 ( 3/ 2 25  6 6 625  216 409
5. (7log7 25  5log5 (6) ) = [25  6 6] =  1
409 409 409 409

Page 13
 Logarithm
6. Let log23 = x
y = x(2  x)(4  x)(6  x)  16 – (2 + x) (4 +x) +10

= (x)(x  6)(x  2)(x  4)  16 – (2 + x) (4 +x) +10

= (x2  6x)(x2  6x  8)  16   x2  6x  8   10
Let x2 + 6x = A

y = A (A  8)  16 – (A + 8) + 10 =  A  4 2 – (A + 8) + 10
y=6

7. 2x. 5y = 1, take log10 on both sides

x log 2 + y log 5 = 0 ....(i)
Similarly for second equation,
(x + 1) . log 5 + y log 2 = log 2 .....(ii)
from (i) & (ii)

x log 2   x log 2
(x + 1) . (log 5) – (log 2) = log 2 y 
log 5  log 5
(x + 1) . (log 5)2 – x (log 2)2 = log 5 . log 2
x((log 5)2 – (log 2)2) = log 5 . (log 2 – log 5)
x (log 5 – log 2) (log 5 + log 2) = log 5 (log 2 – log 5)

1
x = – log 5 = log  
5
Put in (i) to get y

log x 2 log 3 log 25

8.    log 3 54  log 3 2
log 3 log 5 log x

2log x 2log 5
 = log354 – log32 = 3
log5 log x

2
2log 5 x  3 log5x = p
log 5 x

 1
2  p    3  2p 2  3p  2  0
 p
2p2 – 4p + p – 2 = 0
2p(p – 2) + (p – 2) = 0
(p – 2)(2p + 1) = 0
p = 2, p = –1/2
1
x = 25 x
5

Page 14
 Logarithm

 log 2 (x 2  7)   log 2 (x 2  7) 
9. log3/4    log2    2
 3   2 

 
log2 log 2 (x 2  7)  log 2 3

3
 
 log2 log 2 (x 2  7)  1  2
log 2  
4
log2(x2 + 7) = y
log 2 y  log 2 3
 log 2 y  3
log 2 3  2

 log 2 y  log 2 3  log 2 y(log 2 3  2)  3(log 2 3  2)

 log 2 y 1  log 2 3  2   6  3log 2 3  log 2 3

 log 2 y  3  log 2 3  2  3  log 2 3

 log 2 y  2  y  22
 log2(x2 + 7) = 4  x2 + 7 = 16
 x2 = 9
|x|=3

x4  2
10. = 2x – 1  x4 + 2 = 4x2 – 1
2x  1

 x4 – 4x2 + 3 = 0
2
 2

 x 1 x  3  0 
 x2  1 or x2  3
 x   3,  1 ......... (i)

 x4  2 
log
Substituting x =  3 and –1 in 2 x 1  2x  1  we get 2x – 1 negative.
 

And if x = 1 in 2x – 1 we get base = 1  reject x = ±1,  3

Hence x  3

 1   1
11. E = 4log10x – logx10–4  4  log10 x  = 4 t   where, t = log10 x
log10 x   t

 0 < x < 1  log10x  (–, 0) i.e. t<0
1
we know t +  2 if t < 0
t

 1
So, 4  t   maximum = -8
 t

Page 15
 Logarithm
12. (A) for 71/7 > 421/14 both are greater than 1. Raising power 14 both sides.
72 > 42 which is true.
(B) log35, log79, log1113 are all greater than one
1 1

(C) Let A = 99  70 2  99  70 2 
2 2

squaring both sides

1
 2 2
   
A 2  99  70 2  99  70 2  2 992  70 2

  

= 198 + 2(9801-9800)
= 198 + 2(1) = 200
 A  200 , irrational number
(D) log328 > 3.

13. (log + log)2 – 2 = 79

 (log + log)2 = 81  log + log = 9, –9

–100
5
14. x = 3  log10 x  100(log5  log3)
 

= –100  log10 10  log10 2  log10 3 

= –100(1 – .3010 – .4771)
= –22.19 = 23.81 hence 0's (zeros) = 23 – 1 = 22

15. L = antilog1024 (0.4) = (210)2/5 = 16

for M = No. of digits in 610
Let x = 610
log x = 10[log 2 + log 3] = 10 [0.3010 + 0.4771] = 10[0.7781] = 7.781
x=8
M=8
for log6 N = 2 + F
N = 62+F
 62  N < 63  N = 180
L.M.N = 16 × 8 × 180 = 23040

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 Logarithm

Solutions-Ex-2A
7 5 3
 24   52   34 
1. (A) log  1 1   log  3   log  4 
 3 5   2 3  2 5
 228 215  35 312 
log  7 7 . 10 . 12 3   log 2 (false)
 3 5 5 2 5 

7 5 3
 24   52   34 
(B) log    log  3 1   log  4 
 35   2 3   2 5 

 228 510 312 

log  7 7 . 15 5 . 12 3   log 2 (True)
 3 5 2 3 2 5 
(C) 5log 7 9  4log4 25  9log7 5
 9log 7 5  (25)  9log 7 5  25 (True)
(D) from (C) : (D) should be false

2. (A)  
log 3 log 4 log 3 
81
2

 log 3  log 4 8 
2

3
 log 3 1
2
2

 2
(B) log 2  6    log 2 2  1
 3 

6
1  2 
(C)  log 3  
6  3
2

6 2
  log 3
 1   1 = 1
6 3
2
(D) By using BODMAS RULE

 1
log 7  1  2  
 2
2

7
 log 7 1
2
2

Page 17
 Logarithm
1
3. (A) log3 19.log1 / 7 3.log4  log3 19 log4 3  log4 19  2
7
1 1 1
(B)  
5 23 25
1 1 1
log5  log5  log5
5 23 25

2 log3 7
(C) m=7 & n = 32  
4
n  34log3 7  3log3 7  74

 
log  sin 
 5 log 5
(D) 
log 5 
log sin
5

 
log  sin   log 5
 5
4
1 1 
log 5. log sin
2 2 5

2
4. (A) m – n =  log2 5   log2 5  2 
= (log25–2) (log25 + 1) > 0
 m>n
1
(B) m = 0.3010 , n =
3
 m<n
2
m = (1 – log102) (1 + log102)  log10 2 2
(C) 2 = 1 – log10 2 + log10 2 = 1, n=1

(D) m = log23, n = log32 m  1 & n  1

 m>n

5. let logX10 = y
y3 – y2 – 6y = 0
y (y + 2) (y – 3) = 0
y = 0  logx10 = 0
y = –2 logx10 = –2
1
x =
10
y = 3 logx10 = 3
x3 = 10
x = 101/3

Page 18
 Logarithm

10
6. log10N = 20 log = 20 (1 – 2 log102) = 20 (1 – 2 × 0.301) = 7.96
4
 No. of digits = characteristic +1 = 7 + 1 = 8

7-9. a log b x  c  log b x  log a c  x  blog a c

7. 2log 5 25  b log 2 2

1
2
2  b2  b  16

2
  cos2  )
8. a = b = 2 × 3 log10 (sin = 2.3° = 2

tan 
c=4 =4
tan 

 2 log2 x = 4 = 22
 log2x = 2  x = 4

9. b = 2, c = 1, sin  = a

sin  log2 x  1


for  = it is true
2

10. x > 0, x  1 and (x + 3)2 = 16  x = 1, – 7

x  0 & x  1  x is base of log 

11. 4x log2 x
 x2
log2(4) + (log2 x ) (log2 x) = 2(log2 x)

1 2
 2  (log 2 x)  2 log2 x  4  (log2 x)2  4 log2 x
2

 (log2 x)2  4 log2 x  4  0  l og2 x  2

x=4

12. x > 0 and (log4x) (log2x) = (log4x + 3) log28

put log2 x = t to obtain

1 2= 1 
t  2 t  3 3
2
t2 = 3t + 18  t = 6 – 3
x = 26, 2–3 = 64, 1/8

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 Logarithm
13. (A) 3 log4 + 2 log5 – log4 – log4
 log4 + 2 log5
 log4 + log25 = log10100 = (2)
 (P)
2log 3 3log 5 5log 2
(B) · ·  (1)
2log 5 3log 2 5log 3
 (Q)
2
(C) 72x  5x  6
 343  73
2x2 – 5x – 6 = 6
x4
2x 2  5x  12  0  x3 (4)
2
 R,S

14. (A) log3 (5 + 8 log49 (5 + 4 log497)) = |k|

 log3 (5 + 8 log49 7) = |k|
 log39 = |k|  |k| = 2  k = ±2
2 2
(B) logx(x – 1) = 0  x – 1 = 1
x = ± 2
but x > 0
x= 2
 only one solution.
(C)  9  77 = x

9 + 77 = x2
& (9 + 77 ) (9 – 77 ) = 4

4 4
 9 – 77 =  x2 + = 18
x2 x2
2 2
 2 1 2
  x   – 4 = 18   x  2
x 11  x

(D)  log 0.5 4 2  log 0.5 4  2  2

15. a = log12 18

log 2 18 log 2 (2 × 3× 3) log 2 (2×32 ) log 2 2  log 2 3 1  2 log 2 3

= = = 2 = 2 =
log 2 12 log 2 (2 × 2 × 3) log 2 (2 ×3) log 2 2  log 2 3 2  log 2 3

log 2 54
b = log24 54 =
log 2 24

Page 20
 Logarithm

3
log2 (2  3  3  3) log 2 (2×33 ) log 2 2  log 2 3
= log (2  2  2  3) = =
2
3
log 2 (2 × 3) log 2 23  log 2 3

1  3log 2 3 1  3log 2 3
= = 3  log 3
3log 2 2  log 2 3 2

 ab + 5 (a – b)

 1+ 2log 2 3   3log 2 3 +1   1+ 2log 2 3 1+ 3log 2 3 

=  ·  + 5 - 
 2 + log 2 3   log 2 3 + 3   2 + log 2 3 log 2 3 + 3 

(1+log 2 3) (3log 2 3+1)  (1  2log 2 3) (3  log 2 3)  (1  3log 2 3) (2  log 2 3) 

= (2+log 3)(log 3+3) + 5  
2 2  (2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3) 

(1  2log 2 3) (1  3log 2 3)  3  log2 3  6log 2 3  2(log 2 3)2  2  log 2 3  6log 2 3  3log2 3 

= +5  
(2  log 2 3) (log 2 3  3)  (2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3) 

(1  2log 2 3) (1  3log 2 3) 5(1  log 22 3)

= 
(2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3) (2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3)

1  3log 2 3  2log 2 3  6log 22 3  5  5log 22 3

=
(2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3)

6  5log 2 3  log 22 3 log 22 3  2log 2 3  3log 2 3  6

= =
(2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3) (2log 2 3) (3  log 2 3)

log 2 3(log 2 3  2)  3(log 2 3  2) (log 2 3  2) (log 2 3  3)

= = = 1 Ans.
(2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3) (2  log 2 3) (3  log 2 3)

log 2 3
16. log 7 3   log 2 3.log 7 2
log 2 7

log 3 5
log 7 5   log3 5.log3 7  abc
log 3 7

log 7 7  2 log 7 3 1  2ac

log140 63  
2 log 7 2  log 7 7  log 7 5 2c  1  abc

17. 2log2 log2 x + log1  log2 (2 2x)  1

2

 2 log2 log2 x – log2log2 (2 2x)  1

  log2 x 2 
 log2   1
 log2 2 2x 
 

2
  log2 x  = 2 log2 2 2x

Page 21
 Logarithm
2
  log2 x   log2 8 x2  3  2 log2 x

 y2 – 2y – 3 = 0 (where y = log2x)
 y = 3 ; y = –1
 x=8; x = 1/2 (Not in domain)

18. From (1) log4(x2yz) = 2

 x2yz = 42 ....(1)
y2zx = 92 ....(2)
2
z xy = 16 2 ....(3)
(1) × (2) × (3)
 x4y4z4 = (2 · 3 · 4)4
 xyz = 24
16 2
from (1)  x = = 
24 3 

81 27  yz
from (2)  y= = .   54 Ans.
24 8  x

256 32 
from (3)  z= =
24 3 

19. a > 1, b > 1

2[log a c  log b c]  9 log ab c

  log b  log a   log c

2 log c   9
  log a log b   log a  log b
2(log(a) + logb)2 = 9 loga logb
2[log a b  log b a  2]  9

2(log a b  log b a)  5

5
log a b  log b a 
2
1 5
t 
t 2
2t2 – 5t + 2 = 0
2t2 – 4t – t + 2 = 0
2t (t – 2) – (t – 2) = 0  t = 1/2, t = 2
 Maximum value = 2

2
20. Consider a (log3 7)  (a log3 7 ) log3 7  27log3 7  7log3 27  73  343
2 2
Similarly b(log7 11)  121; c(log11 25)  5
Sum = 343 + 121 + 5 = 469

Page 22
 Logarithm
21. Taking log base 2017 on both sides.
1 2
  log 2017 x   2 log 2017 x
2
2
 2  log 2017 x   4 log 2017 x  1  0  log 2017 x1
log 2017 x 2

log2017x1 + log2017x2 =2
= log2017x1x2 = 2
 x1x2 = (2017)2

22. Take log on both the sides with base 2

3 5 1
 log 2 x   log 2 x   log 2 x =
2
4 4 2
log2x = y
3y3 + 4y2 – 5y – 2 = 0  3y2(y – 1) + 7y(y – 1) + 2(y – 1) = 0
 (y – 1)(3y2 + 7y + 2) = 0  (y – 1)(3y + 1)(y + 2) = 0
1
 y = 1 or y = – 2 or y =
3

1 1 1
 x = 2; ; 1 3  x1x2x3 = 3
 a + b = 19
4 2 16
Alternate sol.

3 2 5 1
 (log 2 x)  log 2 x   log 2 x 
4 4 2

logx1
 3(log 2 x)3  4(log 2 x) 2  5 log 2 x  2  0 logx2
logx3

4
 log 2 x1  log 2 x 2  log 3 x 3  
3
4
 log 2 (x1x 2 x 3 )  
3
4

3
1
 x1x 2 x 3  2 
3 16

log x  5 log x  5
23. log x . = log10 105+logx  log x . = 5 + logx
3 3
 log2x + 5 log10x = 15 + 3 log10 x  log2x + 2 log10x – 15 = 0
 log10x (log10x + 5) – 3 (log10 x + 5) = 0  (log10x – 3) (log10 x + 5) = 0
 log10x = 3 log10x = –5
3
x = 10 x = 10–5

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 Logarithm
24. (2y – 3x)2 = xy  4y2 + 9x2 – 12xy = xy
9x2 – 13xy + 4y2 = 0  (9x + 4y)(x – y) = 0
x 4
 x = y (reject) or 9x = 4y  
y 9

Page 24