PROBLEM SET #2

NAME: JC O. YABIS

II. Problems
1. The fertility of a field is such that maximum corn yields are obtained with a population of
54,000 plants per hectare. The rows are 0.75 m apart and an average emergence of 85 percent
is expected. How many seeds per hill should be planted if the hills are 0.5 m apart? (ans:
2.38 seeds/hill = 2 to3 seeds/hill).
GIVENS:
PP = 54,000 plants/ha
RS = 0.75m
AVE. EMERGENCE = 85%
HS = 0.5m
NSPHi = Required
SOLUTION:
APH = RS X HS
= 0.75m x 0.5m
= 0.375 m²/hill
NHPH = 10,000 m²/ha / APH
= 10,000m²/ha / 0.375m²
= 26,667 hills/ha
NSPHa = PP/%EMERGENCE
= 54,000 plants/ha / 0.85
= 63,529 seeds/ha
NSPHi = NSPHa/ NHPH
= 63,529 seeds/ha / 26,667 hills/ha
= 2.38 seeds/hill or 2 to 3 seeds/hill

2. Using the results of the calibration test of the 9 X 7 grain drill, determine the seeding rate
adjustment to use if it is desired to plant at the rate of 100 kg per hectare. Ground
wheel (GW) diameter = 1.22m, Width = 9 rows X 7 inches per row and No. of GW revolutions
= 10.
Adjustment Discharge/10 rev (gm)
00
¼ 140
½ 460
¾ 740
Full 1100
(ans: 21.3)
GIVENS:
GWD= 1.22m
W = 9row X 7in. per row
NO. of GW revs. = 10
SOLUTION:
W= NR X RS
= 9 X (7in x 0.0254m/in.)
 W = 1.6m
S = ∏DN
= ∏ (1.22m)(10)
= 38.31m
A=WXS
= 1.6m x 38.31m
= 61.32m²
SRadj. = Xn(10,000m²/ha / A)
100kg = Xn(10,000m²/ha / 61.32m²)
Xn = 0.61kg
3. Using the specifications of the transmission system of the metering device of the two-row
corn planter, determine the hill spacings. If the row spacing is 0.75 m, average seeds per
hill is two and emergence is 90 percent, what are the expected plant populations per
hectare? Row spacing = 0.75m, Seeds per hill = 2, Emergence = 90 percent, No. of rows = 2,
No. of cells of seed plate (SP) = 20 and Ground wheel diameter (GW) = 0.60 m
No. of teeth Speed ratio (GW/SP)
T=6 6/1
T=8 5/1
T = 10 4/1
T = 12 3/1
(ans: HS1 = 0.56 m, EPP1 = 42,857 plts/ha, HS2 = 0.47 m, EPP2 = 51,428 plts/ha, HS3 = 0.38
m, EPP3 = 64,286 plts/ha, HS 4 = 0.28 m, and EPP4 = 85,714 plts/ha).

GIVENS:
RS = 0.75m
NSPH = 2
%EMERGENCE = 90%
NO. OF ROWS = 2
SP = 20
GWD = 0.60m
HS = Required
EPP = Required

SOLUTION:
FOR T1:
C = ∏D
= ∏ (0.6m)
C = 1.88m
HS1 = C X SR / SP
=1.88m x 6 / 20
= 0.56m
APH = RS X HS
= 0.75m x 0.56m
= 0.42m²/hill
EPP = 10,000m²/ha X 2seeds/hill X 0.90 / 0.42m²/hill
= 42,857plts/ha

FOR T2:
SOLUTION:
HS2 = C X SR / SP
=1.88m x 5 / 20
= 0.47m
APH = RS X HS
= 0.75m x 0.47m
= 0.35m²/hill
EPP = 10,000m²/ha X 2seeds/hill X 0.90 / 0.35m²/hill
= 51,428plts/ha
FOR T3:
SOLUTION:
HS3 = C X SR / SP
=1.88m x 4 / 20
= 0.38m

APH = RS X HS
= 0.75m x 0.38m
= 0.28m²/hill
EPP = 10,000m²/ha X 2seeds/hill X 0.90 / 0.28m²/hill
= 64,286plts/ha
FOR T4:
SOLUTION:
HS4 = C X SR / SP
=1.88m x 3 / 20
= 0.28m

APH = RS X HS
= 0.75m x 0.28m
= 0.21m²/hill
EPP = 10,000m²/ha X 2seeds/hill X 0.90 / 0.21m²/hill
= 85,714plts/ha

4. If the speed ratio of the ground wheel over seed plate of a two-row corn planter is 5.0,
determine the plant population per hectare. Row spacing is 75 cm. Ground wheel diameter
is 60 cm. Ave. no.of seeds per hill is 2. No. of cells of seed plate is 25. Ave. emergence of seeds
is 85%. (ans: 60,071plants/ha)
GIVENS:
RS = 75cm
NSPH = 2
%EMERGENCE = 85%
No. of SP = 25
SR = 5
GWD = 60cm
EPP = Required

SOLUTION:
 C = ∏D
= ∏ (0.6m)
C = 1.88m
HS = C X SR / SP
=1.88m x 5 / 25
= 0.377m
APH = RS X HS
= 0.75m x 0.377m
= 0.283m²/hill
EPP = 10,000m²/ha X 2seeds/hill X 0.85 / 0.283m²/hill
= 60,071plts/ha

5. Using the results of the calibration test of the 8X20 cm drum seeder, determine the seeding
rate(kg/ha) if Qmedium is used. Row spacing is 40 cm. Ground wheel diameter is 50 cm.
Discharge of one row per 10 revolutions of the ground wheel: Qlow = 16 gms, Qmedium = 22
gms, and Qhigh= 38 gms.
GIVENS:
8X20cm SEEDER
Qm = Required
RS = 0.40m
GWD = 0.50m
N = 10revs
SOLUTION:
W= NR X RS
= 8 X 0.40m
W = 3.2m
S = ∏DN
= ∏ (0.50m)(10)
= 15.71m
A=WXS
= 3.2m x 15.71m
= 50.272m²
SR = Q X (10,000m²/ha / A)
= 0.022kg X (10,000m²/ha / 50.272m²)
= 4.38kg/ha
6. Using the results of. the calibration test of the 8X20 cm drum seeder, determine the
seeding rate adjustment to use if it is desired to plant at the rate of 75 kg/ha at row
spacing of 40 cm. Groundwheel diameter is 50 cm. Discharge of seeder per 10 revolutions of
ground wheel: Low = 128 gms, Medium = 176 gms and High = 304 gms.
GIVENS:
8 X 20cm SEEDER
GWD= 50cm
NO. of GW revs. = 10
SRadj. = 75kg/ha
RS = 40cm

SOLUTION:
W= NR X RS
 = 8 X (0.40m)
W = 3.2m
S = ∏DN
= ∏ (0.50m)(10)
= 15.708m
A=WXS
= 3.2m x 15.708m
= 50.2656m²

SRadj. = Xn(10,000m²/ha / A)
75kg = Xn(10,000m²/ha / 50.2656m²)
Xn = 0.38kg

7. If the speed ratio of seed plate over ground wheel of the two-row corn planter is 0.20,
determine the expected plant population/ha. Row spacing is 75 cm. Ground wheel
diameter is 60 cm. Average no. of seeds per hill is 2. Number of cells of seed plate is 20.
Average emergence of seeds is 85%.
GIVENS:
RS = 75cm
NSPH = 2
%EMERGENCE = 85%
No. of SP = 20
SR = 0.20
GWD = 60cm
EPP = Required
SOLUTION:
C = ∏D
= ∏ (0.6m)
C = 1.88m
HS = C X SR / SP
=1.88m x 0.20 / 20
= 0.0188m
APH = RS X HS
= 0.0188m x 0.75m
= 0.0141m²/hill
EPP = 10,000m²/ha X 2seeds/hill X 0.85 / 0.0141m²/hill
= 1,205,673.76plts/ha or 1,205,674plts/ha

8. The calibration of the 9X7 (9 rows X 7 inches row spacing) grain drill is shown below. Row
spacing to be adjusted to 14 inches. Ground wheel diameter is 1.22 m. What is the seeding
rate at ¼ open seeding adjustment? (ans: 11kg/ha)

Seeding Adjustment Discharge (gm)

(9 rows for 10 revolutions of ground
wheel)

¼ Open
½ Open 140
 ¾ Open 460
Full Open 740
1,100

GIVENS:
9 rows X 7in. row spacing GRAIN DRILL
GWD= 1.22m
NO. of GW revs. = 10
SR @ ¼ opening = Required
RSadj. = 14in.

SOLUTION:
W= NR X RS
= 9 X (14in x 0.0254m/in.)
W = 3.2m
S = ∏DN
= ∏ (1.22m)(10)
= 38.327m
A=WXS
= 3.2m x 38.327m
= 122.6464m²

SR @ ¼ opening = Q (10,000m²/ha / A)
= 0.14kg (10,000m²/ha / 122.6464m²)
= 11kg/ha

9. The calibration of the 9X7 (9 rows X 7 inches row spacing) grain drill is shown below. Row
spacing is to be adjusted to 14 inches. Ground wheel diameter is 1.22 m. What is the seeding
rate at ½ adjustment?

Seeding Adjustment Discharge (gm)

(9 rows for 10 revolutions of ground
wheel)

¼ Open
½ Open 140
¾ Open 460
Full Open 740
1,100

GIVENS:
9 rows X 7in. row spacing GRAIN DRILL
GWD= 1.22m
NO. of GW revs. = 10
1
SR @ opening = Required
2
 RSadj. = 14in.

SOLUTION:
W= NR X RS
= 9 X (14in x 0.0254m/in.)
W = 3.2m
S = ∏DN
= ∏ (1.22m)(10)
= 38.327m
A=WXS
= 3.2m x 38.327m
= 122.6464m²

1
SR @ opening = Q (10,000m²/ha / A)
2
= 0.46kg (10,000m²/ha / 122.6464m²)
= 38kg/ha

10. The fertility of a particular field is such that maximum corn yield is obtained with a
population of 54,000 plants per hectare. A checkrow corn planter is used which discharges 2
seeds/hill. Average emergence is 85%. Row spacing = hill spacing. Find the spacing. (ans:
0.56 m).
GIVENS:
Plant Population per ha = 54,000plants/ha
Q = 2 seeds/hill
%EMERGENCE = 85%
RS=HS = Required
SOLUTION:
54,000plants/ha = 2seeds/hill(0.85)(10,000m²/ha) / A
A = 0.315m²
A= RS X HS
*since RS = HS
*let RS is equal to HS
Therefore; A = RS X HS
A = RS X RS
A = RS² or RS = √ A
RS = √ A
= √ 0.315 m²
RS = 0.56m or RS = HS = 0.56m
11. The calibration of the 9X7 (9 rows X 7 inches row spacing) grain drill is shown below. Row
spacing is to be adjusted to 14 inches. Ground wheel diameter is 1.22 m. What is the seeding
rate at ¾ adjustment? (ans: 60kg/ha)

Seeding Adjustment Discharge (gm)

(9 rows for 10 revolutions of ground
wheel)

¼ Open
½ Open 140
¾ Open 460
Full Open 740
1,100

GIVENS:
9 rows X 7in. row spacing GRAIN DRILL
GWD= 1.22m
NO. of GW revs. = 10
1
SR @ opening = Required
2
RSadj. = 14in.

SOLUTION:
W= NR X RS
= 9 X (14in x 0.0254m/in.)
W = 3.2m
S = ∏DN
= ∏ (1.22m)(10)
= 38.327m
A=WXS
= 3.2m x 38.327m
= 122.6464m²

3
SR @ opening = Q (10,000m²/ha / A)
4
= 0.749kg (10,000m²/ha / 122.6464m²)
= 60kg/ha

12. The calibration of the 9X7 (9 rows X 7 inches row spacing) grain drill is shown below. Row
spacing is to be adjusted to 14 inches. Ground wheel diameter is 1.22 m. What is the seeding
rate at full open adjustment? (ans: 90kg/ha)

Seeding Adjustment Discharge (gm)

(9 rows for 10 revolutions of ground
wheel)

¼ Open
 ½ Open 140
¾ Open 460
Full Open 740
1,100

GIVENS:
9 rows X 7in. row spacing GRAIN DRILL
GWD= 1.22m
NO. of GW revs. = 10
1
SR @ opening = Required
2
RSadj. = 14in.

SOLUTION:
W= NR X RS
= 9 X (14in x 0.0254m/in.)
W = 3.2m
S = ∏DN
= ∏ (1.22m)(10)
= 38.327m
A=WXS
= 3.2m x 38.327m
= 122.6464m²

SR @ FULL opening = Q (10,000m²/ha / A)

= 1.1kg (10,000m²/ha / 122.6464m²)
= 90kg/ha

13. Using the specifications of the transmission system of the metering devise (horizontal seed
plate) of the two-row corn planter, determine the expected hill spacing. Row spacing = 75
cm, ground wheel diameter = 60 cm, no. of cells of seed plate = 20, T1 = 6t, T2 = 18t, T3 =
10t and T4 = 25t.
GIVENS:
RS = 75cm
GWD = 60cm
No. of Cell per SP = 20
SOLUTION:
C = ∏D
= ∏ (0.6m)
C = 1.88m
SR = D/SP
= 0.60m/20
= 0.03
HS = C X SR / SP
= (1.88)(0.03) / 20
= 0.003m
--SLOW PROGRESS IS BETTER THAN NO PROGRESS--