Agricultural Engineering Problems and Solutions: Alexis T. Belonio

AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING
PROBLEMS AND
SOLUTIONS
Alexis T. Belonio
Department of Agricultural Engineering and

Environmental Management
UNIVERSITY PRESS College of Agriculture
Central Philippine University Central Philippine University
Iloilo City, Philippines Iloilo City, Philippines
Filipinos (TOYF) in the Field of Agricultural Engineering. He is
AGRICULTURAL presently a PSAE Fellow Member.
As a dedicated professional, he serves as technical consultant to various

ENGINEERING agricultural machinery manufacturers in Region VI. He also serves as a
Reviewer of the TGIM Foundation Review Center on the field of
Agricultural Machinery and Allied Subjects, and Agricultural Processing
PROBLEMS AND and Allied Subjects since 1998. He has written and published several
research and technical papers.
SOLUTIONS Acknowledgement:
The author is very much thankful to the Lord God Almighty who inspired
Alexis T. Belonio him to prepare this material for the benefit of those who are called to
serve in the agricultural engineering profession.
Department of Agricultural Engineering
He also wishes to acknowledge the following for the motivation and
and Environmental Management encouragement during the preparation of this material: (1) Dr. N. Orcullo
College of Agriculture of the TGIM Foundation Review Center, Manila; and (2) Dr. R. Dusaran
Central Philippine University of the College of Agriculture, Central Philippine University, Iloilo City.
Iloilo City, Philippines
To Salve and their children: Mike, Happy, Humble, Jireh, Justly,
The Author: Tenderly, and Wisdom for their prayer and inspiration.
Alexis T. Beloniois a Professional Agricultural Engineer. Presently, he Trial Edition
is an Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Copyright 2003 by Alexis T. Belonio
Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Management, College of
Agriculture, Central Philippine University, Iloilo City. He finished his No part of this book is allowed to be photocopied or reproduced in
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering and Master of Science any form without any written permission from the author.
degrees from Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. He
has been deeply involved in teaching, research, project development, and
entrepreneurial activity on various agricultural engineering projects since
1983. PREFACE
He was awarded by the Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers This book was written to provide agrcultural engineering students
(PSAE) as Most Outstanding Agricultural Engineer in the Field of Farm and graduates who are planning to take the agricultural engineering
Power and Machinery and by the Professional Regulation Commission
board examination a handy reference on the area of machinery and
(PRC) as Outstanding Professional in the Field of Agricultural
Engineering in 1993. In 1997, he was awarded by the TOYM
equipment. The basic fundamental principle of agricultural
Foundation and the Jerry Roxas Foundation as the Outstanding Young machinery and equipment from production to post-harvest
operation are presented in the book. The presentation aremzde
straight forward to make it more simplier and comprehensive in
nature. Practicing Agricultural Engineers and those other Engineers A diesel engine that operates at 2500 rpm will be used to drive an irrigation
pump which should turn at 1000 rpm. The pulley diameter for the pump is 4
working in the field of agriculture will also find this book as a inches. What is the recommended pulley for the engine?
handy reference for related works in the management and Given: Engine - Diesel
mechaniztion of agricultural machines and equipment. N1 - 2500 rpm
N2 - 1000 rpm
The presentation of the subject matter in this book is categorized D2 - 4 in.
Required: Engine pulley diameter, D1
into field implement and farmstead equipment. This includes Solution: N1 D1 = N2 D2
tillage, seed and planting, crop maintenance, water pumping and D1 = [N2 D2] / N1
irrigation, harvesting and threshing, drying, milling, storage, and = 1000 rpm (4 in) / 2500 rpm
other processing equipment. The management and mechanization = 1.6 in or use 2 in.
aspect are also given. Theories are presented as well as sample
An irrigation pump shall be driven by a single cylinder engine. The set-up has
problems are given to help the students understand and learn how the following data: engine rpm, 2200; pump rpm, 1800; diameter of engine
to calculate the different parameter needed in determining the sizes, pulley, 25 cm. What should the diameter of the pump pulley be?
numbers, capacity and efficiency of the different machines and Given: Engine rpm - 2200 rpm
equipment. Pump rpm - 1800 rpm
Engine pulley- 2.5 cm
Required: Pump pulley
This book is still in draft form. Additional information will be
Solution: D2 = N1 D1 / N2
included in the future to make this book more comprehensive and = 2200 rpm ( 25 cm) / 1800 rpm
detailed. Comments and suggestions are welcome for the future = 30.55 cm
improvement of this book.
Determine the length of a flat-belt pulley drive having the following data:
diameter of first pulley, 300 mm; diameter of second pulley, 400 mm; center
God bless and may this book become useful to you!
distance of the pulley shaft, 10 meters.
Given: D1 - 300 mm
D2 - 400 mm
C - 10 m
ALEXIS T. BELONIO Required: Length of flat belt
Solution:
L = 2C + 1.57 (D1+D2) + (D1-D2)2 / 4C
A tractor pulls a 1.0 meter wide heavy duty offset disk harrow at an operating
= 2 (10 m) + 1.57 (0.30m + 0.4 m) + (0.30m -
speed of 6 kph. What is the theoretical field capacity of the machine?
0.40 m )2 / 4 (10 m)
Given: Implement - heavy duty offset disk harrow
= 21.05 m
W - 1.0 m
V - 6 kph
A corn sheller cylinder will be driven by 10 hp diesel engine thru a V-belt drive.
Required: Theoretical field capacity
The engine has a speed of 1800 rpm while the required speed of the corn sheller
Solution:
is 650 rpm. The effective diameter of the driver pulley is 12 inches. What
FCt = 0.1 W V
should be the diameter of the driven pulley?
= 0.1 (1 m) ( 6 kph)
Given: Engine Power - 10 hp
= 0.6 ha/hr
Engine speed - 1800 rpm
Sheller speed - 650 rpm
Driver pulley diameter - 12 inches What is the force required to pull a single moldboard plow on a clay loam soil
Required: Driven pulley diameter having a width and depth of cut of 30 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Soil draft is 8
Solution: psi.
Nr Dr =NnDn Given: Width of cut - 30 cm
Dn = Nr Dr / Nn Depth of cut - 15 cm
= (1800 rpm) (12 in) / 650 rpm Soil draft - 8 psi
= 33 in. Required: Force to pull the plow
Solution: F = A Ds
= (30 cm) (15 cm) (8 psi x in/2.54 cm
In the given problem in item above, what is the required length of V-belt if the x kg/2.2 lb)
center distance between pulleys is 60 in. = 253 kg
Given: Dr - 12 in.
Dn - 33 in.
C - 60 in. If the plow above has an average speed of 5 km/hr, what is the drawbar
Required: Length of belts horsepower of the plow.
Solutions: L = 2C + 1.57 (D1+D2) + (D1-D2)2 / 4C Given: Force to pull the plow - 253 kg
= 2 (60 in.) + 1.57 (12 in.+33 in.) + Velocity of the plow - 5 kph
(12 in. - 33 in.) 2 / 4 (60 in.) Required: Drawbar horsepower
= 192.5 in. Solution: DHP = FV
= 253 kg (5 kph x 1000m/km x
If the belt has a capacity rating of 4.5 hp per belt, approximately how many belts hr/3600s)
are recommended for the drive? = 4.6 hp
Given: Design Power - 10 hp
Belt capacity - 4.5 hp per belt
Required: Number of belts A rotary tiller has 2 m operating width. If the tractor runs at a speed of 2 km/hr,
Solution: Nb = Pd / Cb what is the theoretical field capacity of the machine?
= 10 hp / 4.5 hp per belt Given: Operating width - 2 m
= 2.2 belts use 3 belts Operating speed - 2 kph
Required: Theoretical field capacity
Solution: TFC = 0.1 W V
What is the recommended shaft diameter for the drive in item above? Assume a = 0.1 ( 2 m) ( 2 kph)
design stress of 6000 psi. = 0.04 ha/hr
Given: Design power - 10 hp
Shaft rpm - 1800 rpm The field capacity of the rotary tiller was measured at 0.23 ha/hr. If the
Design stress - 6000 psi operating width and speed of the machines are 1.5 m. and 2 kph, respectively,
Required: Shaft diameter what is the field efficiency of the tiller?
Solution: T = 63025 (Pd) / N Given: Actual field capacity - 0.23 ha/hr
= 63025 (10 hp) / 1800 rpm Operating width - 1.5 m
= 350 in-lb Operating speed - 2 kph
D = [16 T /  Sd ] 1/3 Required: Field efficiency
= [16 (350 in-lb) /  (6000 psi) ] 1/3 Solution: Ef = AFC x 100 / TFC
= 0.66 in. TFC = 0.1 (1.5 m ) ( 2 kph)
= 0.3 ha/hr
Ef = 0.23 ha/hr (100) / 0.3 ha/hr
= 77%
6,000 psi. Recommend a size of square key for the calculated shaft above.
Assume the size of key of 1/2" square.
What is the effective field capacity of the rotary tiller tilling theoretically at 0.4 Given:
ha/hr with a field efficiency of 85%? Solution: T = 63,000 x 225 Hp/3600 rpm
Given: Theoretical field capacity - 0.4 ha/hr = 3939.06 in-lb
Field efficiency - 85%5 D = [16 (3,850 in-lb)/  (6,000 psi)] 1/3
Required: Effective field capacity = 1.5 in. use 2 in.  shaft
Solution: EFC = Ef (TFC) T = 3939.06 in-lb
= 0.85 (0.4 ha/hr) F = 3939.06 in-lb/in
= 0.34 ha/hr = 3939.06 lb
L = 3939.06 lb/ (1/2 in x 25,000 psi)
What is the effective field capacity of 2 moldboard plows having 25 cm width, = 0.32 in
each plowing at a speed of 7 km/hr? The field efficiency is 80%. 1/2 all = 3 F/ 2A
Given: Number of plows - 2 A = 1/2 L
Plowing speed - 7 kph 2,500/2 x 2(1/2) L = 3 (3939.06)
Field efficiency - 80% L = 0.32 in
Required: Effective field capacity Convert 100 psi to kPa.
Solution: EFC = Np W Ef kPa = 100 psi x 6.8945 kPa/psi
= 2 (0.25 m) (7 kph) (0.8) = 689.45 kPa
= 0.28 ha/hr
A shaft delivers 10 lbs at 10- cm crank radius. What is the torque delivers by the
Compute the torque acting on pulley that is rotating at 1800 rpm when delivering shaft?
a power of 10 kW. If the pulley used in transmitting power runs at 1800 rpm has If the shaft above rotates at 80 rpm, what is the power delivered by the shaft?
a diameter of 8 in, what is the force transmitted by the belt? Also compute the Given:
actual load applied to the pulley shaft? If 6200 single row deep groove ball Solution: T =FxR
bearing will be used to drive the pulley above, what would be the rating fatigue = 10 lbs x 10 cm x kg/2.2 lbs
life of the bearing? What is the rated life in hours of the bearing above? = 45.45 kg-cm
Given: Hp = T N / 63025
Solution: M = 974,000 (10 kW) / 1800 rpm = (10 lbs x 10 cm x 800 rpm) / (2.54
= 5411.1 kgf-mm cm/in x 63025)
Ph =M/V = 0.5 Hp
= (5411.1 kg-mm) / (8 in x 25.4 mm/in)
= 53.26kgf
Kb = fb PH
= 2.25 (53.26 kgf) A solid shaft delivers 1000 in-lb torque at 800 rpm rotation, what shaft diameter
= 119.8 kgf would you recommend? Recommended design stress of 6,000 psi.
L = [C/P] 3 Given:
= [400 kgf/119.8] 3 Solution: D = [(16 (1000 in-lb) /  (6,000 psi)] 1/3
= 37.22 x 106 rev =0.9 in. use 1" 
Lh = [106/60 n ] [ C / F] 3 A three-bottom disk plow is plowing at a speed of 8 kph. The effective width
= [106/ 60 (1800) [ 400 kgf/119.8 kgf] 3 per plow bottom is 25 cm. If the plowing efficiency is 80%, what is the
= 344. 62 hours theoretical and effective field capacity of the implement.
Recommend a shaft size required for the main transmission shaft of rice mill Given: Plow - disk
prime moves with the following specifications: Engine= Isuzu 8 PA, Hp rated= Speed - 8 kph
225 Hp, Engine Speed = 3600 rpm. Use design stress for the shaft equal to Width - 25 cm/plow
Eff - 80% Draft - 89 kg/m
Required: Theoretical and effective Speed - 20 kph
field capacity Required: Drawbar pull and DHP
Solution: Ct =bV Solution: F = Wi x 
= 0.25 x 0.1 x 3 x 8 = 3 m x 89 kg/m
= 0.6 ha/hr = 267 kg
Ce = Ct  DHP = (267 kg x 20 kph x 1000m/km x
= 0.6 ha/hr x 0.8 hr/3600sec)/ 76.2
= 0.48 ha/hr = 19.5 hp
Find the effective field capacity of five-bottom disk plow with 25 cm width of A power harrow has 6 m operating width. If the tractor runs at a speed of 20
cut per plow bottom. Assume a field efficiency of 0.8 and operating speed of 7 km/hr, what is the theoretical field capacity of the machine? What is the effective
km/hr. field capacity of the harrow if its field efficiency is 0.85?
Given: Plow type - disk Given: Operating width - 6 m
Number of disk - 5 Speed - 20 km/hr
Field efficiency - 80% Required: Theoretical Field Capacity
Speed - 7 kph Effective Field Capacity
Required: Effective field capacity Solution: Ct = 0.1 b V
Solution: Ce = bV = 0.1 x 6 x 20
= 0.8 x 0.1 x 0.25 cm/disk x 7 kph x 5 = 12 ha/hr
disks Ce =  x Ct
= 0.70 ha/hr = 0.85 x 12
Compute the drawbar pull and drawbar horsepower of a four (4)-bottom = 10.2 ha/hr
moldboard plow on a clay loam soil having an effective width of cut of 0.3 m per
bottom and a depth of cut of 0.15 m. The plowing speed is 10 kph. (soil draft for The field capacity of a tractor-drawn field cultivator was measured at 2.9 ha/hr.
clay loam soil is assumed at 8 psi). If the operating width and speed of the machines are 2.5 m and 13 kph,
Given: Plow - moldboard respectively, what is the field efficiency of the tiller?
No. of Plow -4 Given: Effective Field Capacity - 2.9 ha/hr
Width of Cut - 0.3 m Operating Width - 2.5 m
Depth of Cut - 0.15 cm Travel Speed - 13 kph
Speed - 10 kph Required: Field efficiency
Soil Draft - 8 psi Solution: Field efficiency = 2.9 ha/hr x 100 / (0.1 x
Required: Drawbar pull and Drawbar horsepower 2.5 m x 13 kph)
Solution: = (2.9 ha/hr / 3.25 ha/hr)
F = 0.15 m x 0.30 m x 4 plows x 5818.2 x 100
kg/m3 = 89 %
= 1047.3 kg Compute the drawbar pull of plow on a power tiller whose depth and width of
DHP = (1047.3 kg x 10 kph x 1000m/km x cut are equal to 10 cm x 8 cm. The number of plow bottom is 2. Soil draft is
hr/3600sec) / 76.2 equal to 5 psi. If the plow is drawn at a speed of 10 km/hr, what is the drawbar
= 38.2 hp horsepower of the plow?
Given: Width of Cut - 8 cm
What is the drawbar pull required for a 3-meter tractor drawn offset-disk harrow. Depth of Cut - 10 cm
The implement specific draft is 89 kg/m. Also compute the drawbar horsepower No. of Plow -2
of the implement if it running at a speed of 20 kph. Draft - 5 psi
Given: Harrow - offset disk Speed - 10 kph
Width - 3 meters Required: Drawbar pull
Solution: Solution: F = AHP/ 2 N R
A = 10 cm x 8 cm x 2 plows = ( 10 hp) (0.90) (4573)/ 2  (30 rpm)
= (80 cm2 /plow x 2 plows) (0.4 m)
= 160 cm2 = 272.93 kg
F = 160 cm2 (5 lb/in2) (in2 / 2.54m2) A power tiller was tested on a 10 m wide plot. During the test, the machine
(kg/2.2 lb) made 22 rounds to complete the plowing operation using two-0.3 m diameter
= 56.36 kg disk plow. What is the average swath of the power tiller?
DHP =FxV Given: Machine - power tiller
= (56.36 kg x 10 kph x 1000 m/km x Width of plot - 10 m
hr/3600sec)/76.2 kg-m/sec-Hp Number of rounds - 22 rounds
= 2.04 Hp Required: Average swath of the power tiller
Solution:
A 16 hp rotary tiller is tilling at a depth of 10 cm. Its rotating tiller has a width S = width of plot / 2 x number of rounds
of 0.5 m. What is its specific power output of the machine if it is traveling at a = 10 m / 2 ( 22 rounds)
speed of 0.5 m/sec? Assume a power transmission efficiency for the tiller of = 0.23 m
0.80.
Given: Power Input - 16 hp The effective width of cut of a single bottom moldboard plow drawn by a power
Depth of Cut - 10 cm tiller is 10 cm. If the machine will be used to plow a 2 hectare farm, what is the
Width of Cut - 0.5 m total distance that would be traveled by the machine in order to accomplished the
Speed of Tiller - 0.5 m/sec task?
Power Trans Eff - 0.80 Given: Implement - moldboard plow
Required: Specific Power Output Effective width of cut - 10 cm
Solution: SPO = (16 Hp x 0.80 x 746 watt/Hp) / Area to be plowed - 2 hectares
100 (50 cm) (10 cm) (0.5 m/sec) Required: Distance to be traveled by plow
= 0.382 Watts/cm3 Solution:
D = Area to be plowed / Effective width
A hydro tiller is driven by 16-hp gasoline engine that has a 10-liter capacity fuel of cut
tank fully loaded with fuel. After 6 hours of operation, it was found out that the = (2 hectares x 10,000 m2/ha) / (10 cm
tank only contains 6 liters of fuel, what is the fuel consumption rate of the hydro x m/100 cm)
tiller? = 200 km
Given: Power Source - 16 hp engine A single-bottom moldboard plows on a clay loam soil (8 psi draft) having an
Tank Capacity - 10 liters effective width of cut of 0.3 m. and a depth of cut of 15 cm. What is the force
Operation - 6 hours exerted by a plow?
Fuel left - 6 liters Given: Plow - single-bottom moldboard
Required: Fuel Consumption Rate Soil draft - 8 psi
Solution: FCR = (10 liters - 6 liters) / 6 hours Width of cut - 0.3 m
= 0.66 lph Depth of cut - 0.15 m
Compute the force exerted by the cage wheel of a hard tractor whose wheel Required: Force exerted by the plow
diameter is 0.8 m. The wheel is drawn by 10 hp robin engine which drives the Solution: F = A ds
cage wheel at 30 rpm. The transmission efficiency of the machine is 0.90. = (0.3m)(0.15m)(8psi)(in/0.254m)2
Given: Wheel diameter - 0.8 m (kg/2.2 lb)
Engine Hp - 10 hp = 253 kg
Wheel speed - 30 rpm
Eff. Trans - 0.90 What is the drawbar horsepower of the plow in item above if the plowing speed
Required: Force exerted by the cagewheel is 5 kph?
Given: Force - 253 kg Solution: RFC = A /[Pt x OT x Eff]
Velocity - 5 kph = 200 hectares / [30 daysx 8hr/day x 0.75]
Required: Drawbar horsepower = 1.11 ha/hr
Solution: dph =FV W = RFC / [0.1 x V]
= 253 kg (5 kph) (1000m/km)(hr/3600 sec) = 1.11 ha/hr / [0.1 x 5 kph]
= 4.6 hp = 2.2 m
In a field demonstration of a rice reaper with 1.2-m cutter bar performance
A 3-bottom plow is plowing at a speed of 8 kph. The effective width per plow showed that the average travel speed of the machine is 3 kph. The average width
bottom is 25 cm. If the plowing efficiency is 80%, what is the theoretical and of cutter bar actually utilized is 1.0 m. Time lost in crossing the dike is 5 min/ha
effective field capacity of the plow above? and 10 min/ha for repair. Turning and other idle time is 10 % of the effective
Given: Number of plow - 3 bottom operating time while removing field obstruction and clogging is 15 min/ha. What
Speed - 8 kph is the theoretical and effective field capacity of the machine? What is the time
Effective width/plow - 25 cm lost in turning and other idle time per hectare of the reaper?
Plowing efficiency - 80% Given: Width of implement - 1.2 m
Required: Theoretical field capacity Velocity - 3 kph
Solution: TFC = 0.1 (3 plow)(0.25m/plow)(8 kph) / 0.80 Width effective - 1.0 m
= 0.75 ha/hr Time lost in crossing the dike - 5 min/ha
Time lost in repair - 10 min/ha
EFC = 0.1(3 plow)(0.25m/plow)(8kph) Turning and idle time - 10% of
= 0.60 ha/hr effective operaitng time
Lost in removing obstruction
What is the required drawbar pull for a 5-meter tractor drawn spike tooth harrow and clogging - 15 min/ha
with a specific draft of 89 kg/m? What is the drawbar horsepower of the Required: Theoritical field capacity, effective field
implement if it is running at a speed of 6 kph? capacity, time lost in turning and other idle time
Given: Width of implement -5m per hectare
Specific draft - 89 kg/m
Speed - 6 kph Solution: TFC = 0.1 (1.2 m ) (3 kph)
Required: Drawbar pull = 0.36 ha/hr
Solution: F = Ds W EFC = 0.1 (1.0 m) (3 kph)
= 89 kg/m) ( 5 m) = 0.30 ha/hr
= 445 kg Tl = [1/(0.3 ha/hr)] [0.1]
DHP = FV = [3.33 hr/ha ][0.1]
= (445 kg)(6 kph)(1000m/km) = 0.333hr/ha x 60 min/hr
(hr/3600sec) /76.2 kg-m/sec-hp = 20 min/ha
= 10 hp One-thousand gallons per minute (1000 gpm) of water is to be pumped from a
river to a farm 150-ft above the river. What is the required horsepower to drive
In a 200-hectare corn project, the field has to be tilled in 30 days. What size of the pump considering a pump efficiency of 70 % and the friction and other losses
heavy-duty offset-disk harrow should be selected if the tractor to be used of 20 % of the static head.
operates at 5 kph. Assume a 75% field efficiency and an 8-hour working day. Given: Pumping rate - 1000 gpm
Given: Area - 200 hectares Pumping head - 150 ft
Tilling period - 30 days Pump efficiency - 70%
Implement velocity - 5 kph Friction and other loss - 20% of the static head
Field efficiency - 75% Required: Pump horsepower
Operating time - 8 hours per day Solution: PHP = Q H  / [7.48 x 33000
Required: Size of heavy-duty offset disk harrow = (1000 gpm)(150ft)(62.4 lb/ft3) /
0.70 (7.48 gal/ft3 x 33000 ft-lb/min-hp
= 64.8 hp The specific fuel consumption of a tractor is 0.3 lbs per BHP-hour. If the heating
value of the fuel is 19500 BTU/lb, what is the brake thermal efficiency?
If a diesel engine will be used to drive the pump in item above, what is the Given: Specific fuel consumption - 0.3 lbs/bhp-hour
recommended horsepower for the engine? Engine efficiency is 80%. Heating value of fuel - 19,500 BTU/lb
Given: Pump horsepower - 64.8 hp Required: Brake thermal efficiency
Engine efficiency - 80% Solution: bt = [0.3 lb/bhp-hr x 19500 BTU/lb
Required: Engine horsepower x 3.9x19-4 hp-hr/BTU] / 7.6 Hp-hr/lb
Solution: EHP = PHP / e = 43.8%
= 64.8 hp / 0.80 A corn plantation requires a population of 37,000 plants per hectare. The average
= 80.9 hp emergence is 90 % and the row spacing is to be 1.2 meters. If the seed are to be
If a gasoline engine will be used to drive the pump in item above, what is the drilled, what should be the seed spacing?
power requirement? (70% engine efficiency) Given: Required population - 37,000 plants per hectare
Given: Pump horsepower - 64.8 hp Emergence - 90%
Engine efficiency - 70% Row spacing - 1.2 meters
Required: Engine horsepower Required: Seed spacing
Solution: EHP = PHP / e Solution: No. of hills = No of Hills / Emergence
= 64.8 hp / 0.70 = 37,000 plants/ha / 0.90
= 92.5 hp = 41,111 plants /ha
Seed spacing = 41,111 plants per ha /
A farmer wishes to spray his cotton plantation at a rate of 300 gallons per [10,000 m2/ha x 1.2 m]
hectare. Sixteen nozzles, 18 inches apart will be used. The foward speed of the = 0.30 m
tractor will be 5 kph. Compute the field capacity of the sprayer in hectare per
hour. What is the required pump capacity for the sprayer above?
Given: Sraying rate - 300 gal per hectare What is the theoretical field capacity of a 3.0 m wide tandem disk harrow pulled
Number of nozzles - 16 by a 4-wheel drive tractor running at a speed of 10 kph?
Nozzle spacing - 18 inches Given: Width of implement - 3.0 m
Tractor speed - 5 kph Speed of the tractor - 10 kph
Required: Field capacity, required pump capacity Required: Theoritical field capacity
Solution: FC = 0.1 W V Solution: TFC = 0.1 W V
= 0.1 (16 nozzles)(18 in./nozzle) = 0.1 ( 3 m) (10 kph)
(0.254 m/in)(5kph) = 3 ha/hr
= 3.6 ha/hr A tractor drive wheel under load rotates at 1200 revolution in passing a newly
Qp = (300 gal/ha)(3.6 ha/hr)(hr/60min) cultivated field. At no load, the tractor drive wheel is able to rotate at 1125
= 18.3 gpm revolution. What is the percent slippage of the tractor drive wheel?
A tractor operating at 3.5 mph develops a drawbar pull of 3000 pounds. Estimate Given: Wheel revolution at load - 1200 revolutions
the required drawbar horsepower for the tractor. Wheel revolution at no load - 1125 revolutions
Given: Tractor speed - 3 mph Required: Percent slip
Drawbar pull - 3000 lbs Solution: % slip = [Rl – Rn] 100 / Rn
Required: Drawbar horsepower = [1200 rev – 1125 rev] 100 / 1125 rev
Solution: DHP =F V = 6.25%
= (3000 lbs)(3.5mph)(5280ft/mi)
(hr/60 min) / 33000 ft-lb/min-hp
= 28 hp What is the application rate of a granular broadcast spreader required to apply 1
ton of manure at a distance of 1000 meters. The machine swath is 2 meters.
Given: Weight of manure to be applied - 1 ton
Length of application - 1000 meters
Machine swath - 2 meters
Required: Application rate What is the amount of fuel consumed in liters per 16 hours day in item above of
Solution: Appli Rate = Weight of Manure / one tractor unit if the specific fuel consumption is 1 lb/dhp-hr and the specific
[Width x Length] gravity of the fuel is 0.8?
= 1 ton x 1000 kg/ton / [1000 m x 2 m] x10,000 m2/ha Given: Specific fuel consumption - 1 lb/dhp-hr
= 5000 kg/ha Specific gravity - 0.8
Assume that you are the Agricultural Engineer of a 500-hectare corn farm with Required: Fuel consumed per 16 hours – tractor
soil type that gives 10 psi draft when plowing at a speed of 4 km/hr. Compute the Solution: FCR = 1 lb/dhp-hrx14.3 hp / [0.8 x 62.4 lb/ft3]
drawbar horsepower required to pull a three-disk plow with effective cut of 12 = 0.286 ft3 of fuel /hr x (30cm/ft)3 x
inches per disk at a plowing depth of 6 inches. liter/1000 cc
Given: Area - 500 ha corn farm = 7.73 liters per hour
Soil draft - 10 psi
Plowing speed - 4 kph Vol of fuel = (7.73 liter/hr)
Plow bottom - 3 disk (16hours/day)(12.5 days)
Width of cut - 12 in. per disk = 1546.87 liters
Plowing depth - 6 inches What is the cutting width of the single disk harrow set at 18 degree working
Required: Drawbar horsepower angle containing 20 disks spaced at 30 cm? Disk diameter is 40 cm.
Solution: DPH = [3x12inx6inx10 psix4kph Given: Number of disks - 20 disks
x1000m/kmxhr/3600sec] Disk spacing - 30 cm
/ 76.2 kg-m/sec-hp Disk diameter - 40 cm
= 14.3 hp Required: Cutting width
Solution: W = [0.95 N S + 0.3 D] / 1000
= 0.95 (20 diskx300 mm) +
How many hectares in item above does a tractor pulling a three disk plow would 0.3 (400 mm) / 1000
be able to plow in one day (16 hours operation) assuming a total time loss of = 5.82 m
30%?
Given: No. of disk - 3 disk
Width of cut - 12 in per disk
Operating time - 16 hours per day If the harrow in item above is a tandem disk harrow, what is the cutting width of
Time loss - 30% the machine?
Required: Effective field capacity Given: Type of harrow - tandem disk harrow
Solution: EFC = 0.1(3diskx12 in/diskx0.254m/in) Required: Width of cut
(4 kph)(0.7) Solution: W = [0.95 N S + 1.2 D] / 1000
= 0.36 ha/hr x 16hr/day = [0.95 (20 diskx300mm) +
= 4.02 ha/day 1.2(400mm)] / 1000
How many days in item above are required to plow the 500-hectare farm using = 6.18 m
ten units of the same kind of tractor and plow? A 30-disk double-offset-disk harrow is travelling at a speed of 10 kph. If the disk
Given: Area to be plowed - 500 ha diameter is 40 cm spaced at 30cm, what is the cutting width of the harrow? What
Number of tractors - 10 units is the theoretical field capacity of the harrow?
Required: Number of days to finish the area Given: Type of harrow - double-offset
Solution: Time = 500 ha / [10 tractors x 4.02 ha/day- Number of disk - 30 disks
tractor] Travelling speed - 10 kph
= 12.5 days Disk diameter - 40 cm
Disk spacing - 30 cm Required: Effective Field Capacity
Required: Cutting width Solution:
Solution: W = [0.95 N S + 0.6 D] / 1000 (a) Effective Width
= 0.95 (20 diskx300 mm)+0.6(400 mm) We = 0.95 N S + 1.2 D
/ 1000 = 0.95 (23) (20 cm) + 1.2 (30cm)
= 8.89 m = 473 cm
(b) Theoretical Field Capacity
TFC = 0.1 W V Ct = 0.1 W (V)
= 0.1 x 8.89 m x 10 kph = 0.1 x 473 cm x m/100cm x 10 kph
= 8.89 ha/hr = 4.73 ha/hr
The axle of a power tiller was tested on a Prony-brake dynamometer. The force (c ) Effective Field Capacity
delivered at the brake arm of 1 m was 300 kg at a speed of 25 rpm. Determine Ce = f Ct
the torque and shaft power of the machine. Also compute the specific fuel = 0.90 x 4.73 ha/hr
consumption of the engine that drive the power tiller if it consumes diesel at a = 4.26 ha/hr
rate of 0.9 liters per hour. Compute the number of plants required of plants for 2 hectare corn farm. Seed
Given: Machine - power tiller spacing are as follows: Plant spacing, 0.25 m and row spacing, 0.45 m.
Brake arm - 1 meter Given: Area - 2 hectare
Shaft load - 300 kg Sp - 0.25 m
Shaft speed - 25 kg Sr - 0.45
Fuel consumption- 0.9 lph Required: Number of plants for 2-hectare farm
Required: Torque, shaft power, and specific fuel Solution:
consumption Np = (2 hectare x 10,000)/(0.25 m x 0.45 m)
Solution: = 177, 777.8 plants or hills
T = FxL
= 300 kg x 1 m How many grams of cotton seeds are required per row for a hectare assuming
= 300 kg-m that a row spacing and plant spacing for the seeds are set at 0.20 m and 0.50 m,
Ps = F x N / 1340 respectively? The seeding rate is 10 kg/ha.
= 300 kg-m x 25 rpm / 1340 Given: Crop - cotton
= 5.597 hp Seeding rate - 10 kg/ha
SFC = Fc x f / Ps Row spacing - 0.5 m
= 0.9lph x 0.84 kg diesel/liter x 1000 Plant spacing - 0.20
g/kg / 5.597 hp x 0.746 kW/hp Required: Seed required in kilogram
= 181.06 g / kW-hr Solution: Seed Required = 10 kg/ha x 0.20 m x 0.5
A tandem disk harrow at 18 degrees working angle is used to pulverize newly m /10
plowed farm at a rate speed of 10 km/hour. Compute the, effective width of the = 0.1 g
implement, the theoretical field capacity, and the effective field capacity of the A 120-hectare farm is to be planted with corn. The row and hill spacing are 50
harrow. Assume a field efficiency of 90%. The harrow has 24 pieces of 30-cm cm and 40 cm respectively. How many hills is to be planted in the farm? If 12
disk spaced at 20 cm. row drill planter is to be used at 10 kph implement speed, what is the theoretical
Given: Harrow = tandem and effective field capacity of the machine? Assume a field efficiency of 80%.
Work angle = 18 deg If the field required 3 seeds per hill and has a percentage emergence of 90%,
Speed = 10 kph how many kilos of seeds are needed for the entire area? Assume 0.1g per seed.
Field Eff= 90% Given: Area - 120 hectares
No. Disks = 24 units Row spacing - 50 cm
Disk Dia= 30 cm Hill spacing - 40 cm
Spacing = 20 cm Machine - 12- row seeder/planter
Implement Speed - 10 kph 0.6 liter/min x 6 = 3.6 liters/min
Field efficiency - 80% Area covered per min.
% Emergence - 90% 3 m x 25m/min = 75 m2/min
No. of Seeds/hill - 3 seed Application Rate per hectare
Wt per seed - 0.1 g / seed = 3.6 liters/min x 10, 000 m2/min / 75
Required: Number of hills, Theoretical field capacity, Effective field m2/min
capacity, and Weight of seeds needed for the entire farm. = 480 liters/min
Solution: No. Hills = (10,000 x A) / (Sh x Sr) Compute the friction head from a 6-meter depth suction pipe of a centrifugal
= 10,000 x 120 ha / (0.50 m x 0.4 pump which discharges 0.012 m3/sec of water. The pipe nominal diameter is 4
m) inches.
= 6,000,000 hills Given: Length of pipe - 6 meters
FCt = 0.1 Wi x Vi Discharge - 0.012 m3/sec
= 0.1 x 12-row x 0.5 m x 10 kph Pipe diameter - 4 inches
= 6 ha/hr Required: Friction head
FCe = FCt x f Solution:
= 6 ha/hr x 0.80 L x Q2
= 4.8 ha/hr Hf = k
Ws = No Hills x No. Seeds x SWs / E C2 x D 2
= (6,000,000/hill x 3 seeds/hill x 0.1 6 m x (0.012 m3/sec) 2
g/seed x kg/1000g) / 0.9 = 10
= 2000 kg (1.0)2 x (4 in. x 2.54 cm/in x m/100
cm) 2
Walking in the rice field operating the sprayer with a spray swath of 1 m, a = 0.864 m
person covers 220 m/min. If the nozzle discharge is 0.4 liter/min, what is the A pump was tested to measure the flow rate using a 90 degree triangular weir.
application rate per hectare? Tests have shown that the head of water into the weir averages to 13 cm. What
Given: Swath -1m is the average rate of flow of the pump?
Walking speed - 20 m/min Given: Machine - pump
Nozzle discharge - 0.4 liter/min Test rig - 90 degree triangular weir
Required: Application rate Ave head reading - 15 cm
Solution: Area covered by spray swath per minute Required: Pump flow rate
1 m x 20 m/min = 20 m2/min Solution: Q = 0.0138 H5/2
Application rate per hectare = 0.0138 x (15 cm) 5/2
= (10, 000 m2/ha x 0.4 liter/min) / 20 = 12.02lps
m2/min
= 200 liters /ha A pump was installed with a suction head of 6 m and a discharge head of 10
meters. The discharge rate of the pump is 60 liters per minute. What is the
water horsepower of the pump?
If a boom sprayer has 6 nozzles and each nozzle discharges 0.6 liter/ min, what is Given: Suction head -6m
the application rate if the spray swath and walking speed is 25 m/min? Discharge head - 10 meters
Given: No. of nozzles -6 Discharge rate - 60 lpm
Nozzles discharge -0.6 liter/min Required: Water horsepower
Swath -6m Solution: WHP = TDH x Q / 102
Walking speed - 25 m/min = (6 m + 10 m) x (60 lpm x min/60sec) /
Required: Application rate 102
Solution: Total nozzle discharge per minute = 0.157 kW x Hp/0.746 kW
= 0.210 hp What will be the flow rate, working head, and power requirement of the pump
system above if its speed is increased to 2100 rpm.
A pump which discharges 4 liters per second at a head of 6 meters is driven by Given: Speed1 - 1200 rpm
electric motor. The input current of the motor is 1.5 amp while the input voltage Flow rate - 0.1 m3/s
is 220 volt. What is the overall efficiency of the pump if the motor power factor Head1 -6m
is 0.98? Horsepower1 - 0.87 hp
Given: Pump discharge - 4lps Speed2 - 2100 rpm
Head - 6 meters Required: Flow rate2, Head2, and Horsepower2
Input current - 1.5 amp Solution: Q2 = (N2/N1) x Q1
Input voltage - 220 volt = (2100 rpm/1200 rpm) 0.1m3/s
Power factor - 0.98 = 0.0175 m3/s
Required: Pump overall efficiency H2 = (N2/N1)2 x H1
Solution: WHP = TDH x Q / 102 = (2100 rpm/1200 rpm)2 x 6 m
= (6 m) x ( 4 lps) / 102 = 18.4 m
= 0.235 kW HP2 = (N2/N1)3 x HP1
IP = V x I x cos  = (2100 rpm/1200 rpm)3 x 0.87 hp
= 220 volt x 1.5 amp x 0.98 = 4.66 hp
= 0.323 kW Estimate the pull that can be developed from a 900 kg water buffalo pulling a
p = (WHP / IP) x 100 load at an angle of 30 deg. The horizontal distance between the front and the
= (0.235 kW / 0.323 kW) x 100 rear foot is 1.4 m. The center of gravity of the animal is located 0.7 m from the
= 72.7 % foot. The horizontal distance from the yoke to the rear foot is 0.3 m. The height
of the neck yoke was measured 1.2 m from the neck load point to the ground.
A rotary pump at 1200 rpm is used to deliver milk at a head of 6 meters. The Assume a coefficient of friction of 0.95 between the roof and the ground surface.
rate of flow of the pump is 0.01 m3/sec. What is the fluid and brake horsepower Given: W = 900 kg h2 = 1.2 m
of the pump shaft if it has an efficiency of 75%. What is the motor horsepower L = 1.4 m  = 30 deg
if the transmission and motor efficiencies are 91% and 99%, respectively. L1 = 0.7 m  = 0.95
Given: Flow rate - 0.1 m3/s L2 = 0.3 m
Total head -6m Required: Pull
Specific gravity of milk - 1.1 Solution:
Pump efficiency - 75%
Transmission efficiency - 91% 900 kg (0.7 m) (0.95)
Motor Efficiency - 99% P =
Required: Fluid horsepower, Brake horsepower, and Motor [1.4 m + 1.2 m (0.96)] cos 30 +0.3 m (0.95) sin 30
horsepower
Solution: FHP = QH  900 kg (0.665m)
(0.1 m3/s ) ( 6 m ) (1.1 x 1000 kg/m3) =
= (2.54 m) 0.866 + (0.285 m) 0.5
76.2 kg-m/sec-hp = 255.76 kg
= 0.87 hp Compute the amount of power that can be developed by a 600 kg draft animal
BHP = FHP / p pulling an 80 kg load at a speed of 0.9 m/sec.
= 0.87 hp / 0.75 Given: Weight of animal - 600 kg
= 1.16 hp Load - 80 kg
MHP = BHP / (t x m) Speed - 0.9m.sec
= 1.16 hp / ( 0.91 x 0.99) Required: Hp
= 1.29 hp therefore use 1-1/2 hp motor Solution:
Hp =FxV 33, 000 x 2
= 80 kg x 0.9m/sec = 46.61 hp
= 72 kg-m/sec or 0.96 hp Suppose that an engine has a piston displacement of 39.4 in3. If the clearance
volume of the cylinder in 2.5 in3, what is its compression ratio?
If a cow can provide a draft of 60 kg, how much draft can be provided by 2 cows Given: PD - 38.4 in3
together? CV - 2.5 in3
Given: No. of cows -2 Required: Compression ratio
Draft - 60 kg Solution:
Required: Total Draft 38.4 in3 + 2.5 in3
Solution: CR =
Dt = No. of oxen x draft/ox x factor 2.5 in3
= 2 cows x 60 kg/ox x 1.9/2 = 16.4
= 114 kg Calculate the BHP of 4 cylinder, 2-stroke cycle internal combustion engine with
4" diameter and 5" stroke piston. The mean effective pressure is 102 psi and
number of explosion per minute is 6600. The mechanical efficiency of the
Suppose a 4-cylinder engine has a bore of 3.5 in. and a stroke of 4.0 in, what is engine is 80 percent.
the piston displacement of the engine? Given: No. of cylinder - 4
Given: No. of cylinders - 4 Mean Eff Pressure - 102 psi
Piston diameter - 3.5 in. No. of stroke -2
Stroke - 4.0 in. No. of exp/ min. - 600
Required: Piston displacement Bore (diameter) - 4 in.
Solution: Mech Eff - 80%
PD =  (3.5 in)2/4 x 4.0 in x 4 Stroke - 5 in.
= 153.9 in3 Required: BHP
Solution:
No. of explosion/min = N (rev/min) x 1
explosion/cyl./rev x no. of cyl.
600 = N x 4
N = 150 rpm
Calculate the indicated horsepower of a six- cylinder engine, 4" bore and 4" 102 psi x (144 in2/ft2) x /4 (4/12)2 x 150 x 4
stroke, 1500 rpm, 80 psi mean effective pressure. IHP =
Given: No. of cylinders - 6 33, 000
Bore, D - 4 in. = 38.84 Hp
Stroke, L - 4 in. BHP = IHP x Mech. Eff.
RPM, N - 1500 rpm = 9.79 x 0.8
Pressure, P - 80 psi = 31.07 Hp
Required: Indicated horsepower The indicated power of an engine is 69 horsepower. The brake horsepower is
Solution: 54. What is the mechanical or engine efficiency?
L = 4 in. x 1 ft/12 in. = 0.34 ft Given: IHP - 69 Hp
A = /4 x D2 = /4 (4)2 = 12.57 in2 BHP - 54 Hp
PLANn Required: Mechanical Efficiency
IHP = Solution:
33, 000 x 2 BHP
80 x 0.34 x 12.57 x 1500 x 6 Mech. Eff. = -------- x 100
= IHP
54 Hp completely. Test has shown that the engine shaft power was 10 hp. What is the
= ------------- x 100 specific fuel consumption of the engine?
69 Hp Given: Fuel - gasoline
= 78.26% Operating time - 4 hours
Fuel consumed - 3.7 liters
Shaft power - 10 horsepower
A person is working for 4 hours on a farm in harvesting operation. Estimate the Required: Specific fuel consumption
power that can be generated by the person in doing the job. Solution:
Given: t - 4 hours 3. 7 liters x 0.743 kg/liter gasoline x 1000 g / kg
Required: Power generated SFC =
Solution: 4 hours x 10 hp x 0.746 kW/hp
Pg = 0.35 - 0.092 log (4 hours x 60 min/hr) = 92.13 g/kW-hr
= 0.35 - 0.092 log (240 min0
= 0.13 hp
Two persons are doing the threshing operation by “Hampasan” method. What is A spark ignition engine was tested with BHP output of 9.6 horsepower. If the
the total human power generated by the two persons in one day if they work an ambient condition during the test is 30 C ambient air temperature, what is the
average of 6 hours? corrected BHP of the engine? The total atmospheric air condition is 1011 mbar.
Given: Work - threshing Given: BHP of the engine tested - 9.6 hp
No. of persons - 2 Ambient air temperature - 30 C
Time - 6 hours Total atmospheric air condition - 1011 mb
Required: Power generated by the two persons Required: Corrected BHP
Solution: Solution:
Pg = 0.35 - 0.092 log (6 hours x 60 min/hr) 1013 T + 273 0.5
= 0.35 - 0.092 log (360 min) Kg = ---------- x
= 0.11 hp/person Pb 293
TPg = 0.11 hp/person x 2 persons = 1013/ 1011mbx (30C+273 / 293 )0.5
= 0.22 hp = 1.019
Corrected BHP = 9.6 hp x 1.019
= 9.78 hp
An engine was tested on a brake dynamometer at a speed of 2000 rpm. The A four-stroke naturally-aspirated diesel engine was tested on a prony brake
brake arm of the machine is 1.2 meters and it registered a load of 5 kg. What is dynamometer and gives a BHP output of 14.2 horsepower. During the test the
the shaft power of the engine? ambient air temperature is 27 C while the total atmospheric pressure is 1020 mb.
Given: Engine speed - 2000 rpm What is the corrected brake horsepower of the engine?
Brake arm length - 1.2 meters Given: Engine - 4 stroke naturally
Force registered - 5 kg aspirated
Required: Engine shaft power BHP output - 14.2 horsepower
Solution: Ambient air temperature - 27 C
Ps = T x N / 974 Total atm pressure - 1020 mb
= 5 kg x 1.2 m x 2000 rpm / 974 Required: Corrected BHP
= 12.3 kW x Hp / 0.746 hp Solution:
= 16.51 hp 1013 0.65
T + 273 0.5
The engine fuel tank was completely filled with gasoline fuel before testing. Kd = -------- x -------------
After 4 hours of continuous test 3.7 liters of fuel was used to reload the tank Pb 293
= (1013/1020 mb) 0.65 x((27C+273) / Compute the average power output of a ricehull stove with total average fuel
293) 0.5 consumption rate of 5 kg of rice hull in 4 hours operation. The net calorific
= 1.007 value of rice hull is 3000 kcal/kg.
Corrected BHP = 24.2 hp x 1.007 Given: Total fuel used - 5 kg
= 14.303 hp Net calfc value - 3000 kcal/kg
Total burning time - 4 hours
Compute the power that can be generated by hydro-turbine water input of 40 lps Required: Average power output
on a head of 20 m. The turbine efficiency is 70%. Solution:
Given: Q - 40 lps or 0.04 m3/s Pav = 5 kg x 3000 kcal/kg/4 hours
H - 20 m = 3750 kcal/hr
K - 0.7
Required: Power What is the probable height of the flame on a step-grate stove with a power
Solution: output of 1000 BTU/hr?
P = 9810 x 0.7 x 20 x 0.04 Given: Power output - 1000 BTU/hr
= 5494 watts or 5.5 KW Type of stove - with grate
C - 75 mm/kw
Required: Flame height
A hydro site offers a head of 50 m and a flow of 1.2 m 3/s. With alternator sped Solution:
requirement of 1500 rpm and a direct drive (G=1), compute the specific speed of hlf = 75 mm/kw x (1000 BTU/hr x
the turbine for the system. Assume a turbine efficiency of 70%. kw/3414.43 BTU/hr)2/5
Given: Q - 1.2 m3/sec = 75 mm/kw (0.293 kw)0.4
H - 550 m = 45.9 mm
t - 70%
Na - 1500
G -1 Two kilogram of rice is to be prepared for cooking. Estimate the time required
Required: Turbine specific speed to cook the rice.
Solution: Given: Weight of rice - 2 kg
Po = 0.7 x 9810 x 50 m x 1.2 m3/sec x KW/1000W Required: Cooking Time
= 412 kW Solution:
1500 rpm x (412 kW)0.5 tc = 550 (2 kg)0.38
Ns = = 550 (1.30)
1 x (50 m)1.25 = 715.7 sec or 11.92 min
= 230 Two liters of water will be boiled in the stove. The desired time to boil water is
20 minutes. If the initial temperature of water is 28 C and the boiling
temperature is 100C, what is the maximum power required for the stove?
A wood charcoal stove consumes 0.5 kg of fuel per hour. If 95% is volatile Assume a thermal efficiency of 15% for the stove.
matter, what is the design power of the stove? Assume a heating value for wood Given: Volume of water - 2 liters
charcoal of 6000 kcal/kg. Boiling time - 20 minutes
Given: Fuel consumption rate - 0.5 kg/hr Initial temperature of water - 28 C
Percentage volatile matter - 95 % Final temperature of water - 100C
Required: Design power Thermal efficiency -15%
Solution: Required: Maximum power
Pdes = 0.7 (Pc + Pv, max) Solution:
= 0.7 (1 + 0.95) (0.5 kg hr x 6000 kcal/kg) 2 x 1 kg/l x kcal/kg -C (100 C - 28 C)
= 4095 kcal/hr Pmax =
20 min x hr/60 min (0.15) V - 220 volt
= 2880 kcal/hr Power factor - 0.98
Required: Input current
Solution: I = P / E cos 
Two liters of water will be boiled in the stove. The desired time to boil water is = 5 hp x 746 w/hp / [220 v x 0.98 ]
20 minutes. If the initial temperature of water is 28 C and the boiling = 17.3 amp
temperature is 100C, what is the maximum power required for the stove?
Assume a thermal efficiency of 15% for the stove. A mercury lamp having a hot resistance of 50 ohms is connected to a socket with
Given: Volume of water - 2 liters 240 volt current supply. How much current flows through the lamps?
Boiling time - 20 minutes Given: Resistance - 50 ohms
Initial temperature of water - 28 C Voltage - 240 volt
Final temperature of water - 100C Required: Current flowing through the lamp
Thermal efficiency - 15% Solution: I = V/R
Required: Maximum power = 240 volt/ 50 ohms
Solution: = 4.8 amperes
2 x 1 kg/l x kcal/kg -C (100 C - 28 C)
Pmax = A 12 ampere electric fan and blower with a power factor of 0.85 was connected
20 min x hr/60 min (0.15) to a 240 volts convenient outler. Calculate the power in the circuit.
= 2880 kcal/hr Given: Current - 12 ampere
Compute the power that can be generated by hydro-turbine water input of 40 lps Power factor - 0.85
on a head of 20 m. The turbine efficiency is 70%. Voltage - 240 volt
Given: Q - 40 lps or 0.04 m3/s Required: Power in the circuit
H - 20 m Solution: P = E I cos 
K - 0.7 = 240 volt x 12 amp x 0.85
Required: Power = 2,448 watts
Solution:
P = 9810 x 0.7 x 20 x 0.04
= 5494 watts or 5.5 KW
A water heater draws 10 ampere at 240 volt current supply. Determine its heat
resistant.
A 12 amperes electric fan and blower with a power factor of 0.85 was connected Given: Current - 10 ampere
to a 240 volts convenient outlet. Calculate the power in the circuit. Voltage - 240 volt
Given: Appliance - electric fan Required: Heat resistance
Current - 12 amp Solution: R = I / V
Power factor - 0.85 = 10 amperes / 240 volt
Required: Current and power in the circuit = 0.4166 ohms
Solution:
Power (watts) = volts x amperes x power A circuit has a resistance of 20 ohms and the amount of current flowing is 12
factor amperes. Determine the voltage.
= 240 volts x 12 amp x 0.85 Given: Resistance - 20 ohms
= 2,448 watts Current - 12 amperes
Compute the input current on a 5 hp electric motor used to drive a hammer mill Required: voltage
at 2200 rpm. The imput voltage is 220 with a power factor of 0.98. Solution: V =IR
Given: P - 5 hp = 12 amperes x 20 ohms
= 240 volt (b) For 240 volt
I =V/R
Determine the current flows in a circuit having a resistance of 5 ohms on 120 = 240 volt / 5 amp
volt and 240 volt current supply. = 48 amp
Given: Resistance - 5 ohms A circuit has a resistance of 20 ohms and the current flows at 12 amperes.
Voltage 1 - 120 volt Determine the voltage.
Voltage 2 - 240 volt Given: Resistance - 20 ohms
Required: Current at V1 and V2 Current - 12 amperes
Solution: I = V/R Required: Voltage
At 120 volt Solution:
I = 120 volt / 5 ohms Voltage = Current x Resistance
= 24 amperes = 12 amperes x 20 ohms
At 240 volt = 240 volts
I = 240 volt / 5 ohms
= 48 amperes
An electric motor has a nameplate rating of 2 horsepower, 240 volts, and 15
amperes. Calculate the motor power factor assuming a motor efficiency of 85%. Two automobile headlights are connected in series to a 12 volt battery each
Also compute for the motor power input.. having a resistance of 1 ohm. What is the current flowing in the circuit?
Given: Appliance - electric motor Given: Appliance - 2 auto headlights
Power - 2 hp Voltage - 12 volt
Voltage - 240 Resistance - 1 ohm
Current - 15 amperes Required: Current flowing
Required: Motor power factor Solution: R = R1 + R2
Solutions: I =V/R
Efficiency = Output / Input = 12 volts / 2 ohms
Input = 2 hp x 746 watts/hp / 0.85 = 6 amperes
= 1755 watts
Power Factor = Power / (volt x ampere)
= 1755 / (240 volts x 15 amp )
= 0.4875 A mercury lamp having a hot resistance of 50 ohms is connected to a socket with
Power Input = volt x ampere 240-volt current supply. How much current flows through the lamp? Calculate
= 240 volt x 15 amp the power drawn.
= 3,600 volt-ampere Given: Appliance - mercury lamp
Resistance - 50 ohms
Determine the current flow in a circuit having a resistance of 5 ohms on a 120 Voltage - 240 volt
volt and 240 volt current supply. Required: Current flows through the lamp
Given: Volt 1 - 120 volts Power drawn
Volt 2 - 240 volts Solution:
Resistance - 5 ohms I =V/R
Required: Current = 240 volt / 50 ohms
Solution: = 4.8 amperes
(a) For 120 volt W = V I x pf
I =V/R = 240 volts x 4.8 amperes x 1.0
= 120 volt / 5 amp = 1152 watts
= 24 amp W = I2 R
= (4.8 amp) 2 x 50 ohms A 100-watt light bulb is used continuously for 8 hr. How much electric energy is
= 1152 watts used? If the cost of electricity is P7.00 per kw hour, how much is the cost for 2
months period at 20 days per month operation?
Given: Appliance - light bulb
A water heater draws 10 amperes at 240 volt current supply. Determine its heat Power - 100 watt
resistance. Time Used -= 8 hours
Given: Appliance - water heater Required: Electric energy
Current - 10 amperes Solution: Energy = Power x Time
Voltage - 240 volt = 800 kw x 8 hours
Required: Heat resistance = 0.8 kw-hr
Solution: Cost = 0.80 kw-hr x 20 days x 2 months
R =VI x P7.00/kw-hr
= 240 V / 10 amperes = P224.00
= 24 ohms What is the equivalent size in square millimeter of a cable 250 MCM?
Given: Cable size - 250 MCM
Required: Equivalent size of cable in square mm
Solution:
Circular mill = 250 MCM x 1000
circular mill/MCM
Determine the monthly energy consumption of the following appliances below: = 250,000 circular mill
If the average cost of energy is P5.00 per kwh, what is the total cost of the Square mm = CM x 0.0005067
energy used in 30-day consumption? = 126.67 mm2
Given: It requires a force of 200 newtons (45 lb) to pull the boat, and the boat is moved
Appliance Load Daily Used 5 meters (16.4 ft). How much work is done in moving the boat?
Electric Iron 1200 watts 2 hours Given: Force - 200 newtons
Water heater 1000 watts 3 hours Distance - 5 meters
Toaster 2300 watts 30 minutes Required: Work (W)
Solution: W = 200 newtons x 5 meters
Required: Monthly energy consumption = 1000 newton-meters
Solution: = 1000 joules
Electric Iron = 1200 x 2 / 1000

= 2.4 kw-hr What is the efficiency of a light bulb which uses 1000 joules of electric energy to
Water heater = 1000 x 3 / 1000 produce 200 joules of light energy?
= 3.0 kw-hr Given: Energy in - 1000 joules
Toaster = 1300 x 0.5 hr / 1000 Energy out - 200 joules
= 0.65 kw-hr Required: % eff.
Total Energy = 2.4 kw-hr + 3.0 kw-hr x 0.65 200 joules
kw-hr Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
= 6.05 kw-hr 1000 joules
Total Cost = 6.50 kw-hr/day x 30 days / = 0.2 x 100
month x P5.00/kwhr = 20
= P 907.50
What is the efficiency of an electric generator that produces 5000 joules of
electric energy from the 7000 joules of mechanical energy used to rotate the
generator? How much energy is required to operate a 60-watt lamp for 30 minutes?
Given: Energy in - 7000 joules Given: Power (P) - 60 watts (W)
Energy out - 5000 joules Time (t) - 30 minutes
Required: % eff. Required: Energy (W)
5000 joules Solution: Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, 30
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100 minutes equals
7000 joules 30 x 60 = 1800 seconds (s)
= 0.714 x 100 W = 60 W x 1800 s
= 71.4 = 108,000 watt-seconds
= 108,000 joules (J)
Determine the potential energy (W) of 1 6-volt (6-V) battery that has 3000
coulombs (3000 C) of charge (Q) stored in it.
Given: V-= 6 V What is the efficiency of a radio receiver that requires 4 watts of electric power
Q - 3000 C input to deliver 0.5 watt of power output?
Required: W Given: Pin - 4 watts )W)
Solution: W = 6 V x 3000 C Pout - 0.5 watts (W)
= 18,000 joules (J) Required: % eff.
0.5 W
Solution: % eff. = ----------- x 100
What is the resistance, at 20C, of an electric motor winding that uses 200 meters 4W
of copper conductor which is 0.26 square centimeter (approximately 3/16 in. by = 0.125 x 100
3/16 in.)? The resistivity of copper at 20C is 0.00000172 ohm-centimeter. = 12.5
Given: K - 0.00000172 ohm-centimeter How much power input is required to operate a stereo amplifier producing 50
L - 20,000 centimeters watts of output power that is 30 percent efficient?
A - 0.26 square centimeter Given: Pout - 50 watts (W)
Required: R % eff. - 30
0.00000172 -cm x 20,000 cm Required: Pin
Solution: R = --------------------------------------------- 50 W
0.26 sq cm Solution: Pin = ----------- x 100
R = 0.132 ohm 30
= 1.7 W x 100
= 170 W
What is the power rating of an electric device that converts 940 joules of energy
in 10 seconds? How much energy is used by a 1200-watt heater in 4 hours of continuous
Given: W - 940 joules (J) operation?
t - 10 seconds (s) Given: Power (P) - 1200 watts (W)
Required: P Time (t) - 4 hours (h)
940 J Required: Energy (W)
Solution: P = ---------- = 94 joules per second Solution: W = 1200 W x 4 h
10 s = 4800 Wh
What is the efficiency of a ¾-horsepower (hp) motor that requires an input of Determine the Kwhr used for operating 2 motors at their rated capacity for 10
1000 watts (W) of electric power? hrs. Motor rating are 2& ¼ hp
Given: Power input (Pin) - 1000 W Given: Appliance - electric motors
Power out (Pout) - ¾ hp Motor A - 2 hp
Solution: ¾ hp = 0.75 hp Motor B - ¼ hp
Pout = 0.75 hp x 746 W/hp Operation - 10 hours
= 559.5 W Required: Kw-hr used
559.5 W Solution:
% eff. = ---------------- x 100 Motor A = 1,000 watts/hp x 2 hp
1000 W = 2,000 watts
= 55.95 Motor B = 1,200 watts/hp x ¼ hp
= 300 watts
Calculate the amount of current flowing to an electric water heater having a 23- Total Wattage = (2000 watts + 300 watts) x 10
ohm heater circuit and an input voltage of 230 volts. hrs / 1000
Given: Appliance - Electric water heater = 23 kw-hr
Resistance - 23 ohms
Voltage - 230 volt An electric motor is being tested for measuring energy consumption in the house.
Required: current flowing All electrical equipment are turned off. The Kwhr-meter disk revolutions are
Solution: counted for a period of 6 minutes. The disk makes 20 revolutions and the Kh
I = E/R factor of the meter is 2.5. What is the power input to the motor.
= 230/23 Given: Revolution of Disk - 20 rev
= 10 Measurement Time - 6 minutes
Kh factor - 2.5
A certain electric toaster draws 4 amp of electric current when it is connected to Required: Motor power input
a 220-volt source. What is the resistance of the toaster’s heating element? Solution:
Given: Appliance - Electric toaster Watthours = Kh x revolutions
Voltage - 220 volt = 2.5 x 20 rev
Current - 4 amperes = 50 watt-hour
Required: Resistance Watthours per hr = 50 watt-hour x 60
Solution: min/hr/ 6 minutes
4 = 220/R = 500 watts
R = 220/4 Power input = 500 watts / 1000
= 55 = 0.5 kw
Voltage is 120 volts, Current is 10 amp, and Time is 6 hrs. Determine energy A dwelling has a floor area of 150 m2 exclusion of unoccupied basement and
usage. open porches. It has 12 Kw range. Compute the general lighting requirement at
Given: Voltage - 120 volts 24 w/m2 and the minimum branch circuit required.
Current - 10 amperes Given: Floor area - 150 m2
Time - 6 hours Appliance - range
Required: Energy usage Power input - 12 Kw
Solution: Required: General lighting and Minimum branch circuit
Energy = 120 volt x 10 amp x 6 hours required
= 7,200 watt-hour Solution:
= 7.2 kw-hr General lighting load (24W/m2)
= 150 m2 x 24W/m2
= 3,600 watts A proposed brooder house is planned for 1200 baby chicks. Electric underheat
Minimum # of Branch Circuit Required brooders will be used. What will be the value of the electrical load of this
= 3,600W / 230 V building?
= 15.6 Amp (Use one 20-A 2 wire Given: No. of chicks - 1200
circuit ) Appliance - underheat brooder
Required: Total electric load
Solution:
Heat load = 3 Watts /chick x 1,200
Determine the number of outlets required for a room having a dimension of 12 ft = 3600 watts
x 12 ft. Compute for the voltage loss in line for a 120-V input, 8-amp current over 200
Given: Floor dimension - 12 ft x 12 ft feet using #14 AWG wire.
Required: Number of outlet required Given: Input voltage - 120 volt
Solution: Current - 8 amp
No. of outlets = (12 ft + 12 ft + 12 ft + 12 ft) / Length of wire - 200 feet
20 Wires size - AWG # 14
duplex receptacle is needed for a 12 x 14 ft room? Required: Voltage loss
Given: Floor dimension = (12 ft + 14 ft + 12 ft + 14 ft ) Solution:
Required: Number of duplex receptacles Voltage loss = I x R
Solution: = 8Amp x 0.516
Number of Outlets = (12 + 14 + 12 + 14) /20 = 4.128 volts x 2
= 2.6 or 3 duplex receptacle = 8.256 V lost in line
Voltage at appliance = 120 volt – 8.256 volt

There were 43 general purpose outlets in a certain residence. How many 15 = 111.744 volt
amp. Branch circuit are needed? It requires a force of 200 newtons (45 lb) to pull the boat, and the boat is moved
Given: No. of outlets - 43 5 meters (16.4 ft). How much work is done in moving the boat?
Current - 15 amp Given: Force - 200 newtons
Required: Branch circuit Distance - 5 meters
Solution: Required: Work (W)
No. of Branch circuit = 43 outlets / 10 Solution: W = 200 newtons x 5 meters
= 4.3 or use 5 branch = 1000 newton-meters
circuits = 1000 joules
There were 13 small appliances in a residence. How many 20-amp branch What is the efficiency of a light bulb which uses 1000 joules of electric energy to
circuits are required? produce 200 joules of light energy?
Given: No of appliances - 12 Given: Energy in - 1000 joules
Required: No. of 20 branch circuit required Energy out - 200 joules
Solution: Required: % eff.
No of branch circuit = 13 appliances / 8 200 joules
= 1.6 use 2 circuits Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
1000 joules
= 0.2 x 100
= 20
What is the efficiency of an electric generator that produces 5000 joules of W = 60 W x 1800 s
electric energy from the 7000 joules of mechanical energy used to rotate the = 108,000 watt-seconds
generator? = 108,000 joules (J)
Given: Energy in - 7000 joules What is the efficiency of a radio receiver that requires 4 watts of electric power
Energy out - 5000 joules input to deliver 0.5 watt of power output?
Required: % eff. Given: Pin - 4 watts )W)
5000 joules Pout - 0.5 watts (W)
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100 Required: % eff.
7000 joules 0.5 W
= 0.714 x 100 Solution: % eff. = ----------- x 100
= 71.4 4W
Determine the potential energy (W) of 1 6-volt (6-V) battery that has 3000 = 0.125 x 100
coulombs (3000 C) of charge (Q) stored in it. = 12.5
Given: V-6V How much power input is required to operate a stereo amplifier producing 50
Q - 3000 C watts of output power that is 30 percent efficient?
Required: W Given: Pout - 50 watts (W)
Solution: W = 6 V x 3000 C % eff. - 30
= 18,000 joules (J) Required: Pin
What is the resistance, at 20C, of an electric motor winding that uses 200 meters 50 W
of copper conductor which is 0.26 square centimeter (approximately 3/16 in. by Solution: Pin = ----------- x 100
3/16 in.)? The resistivity of copper at 20C is 0.00000172 ohm-centimeter. 30
Given: K - 0.00000172 ohm-centimeter = 1.7 W x 100
L - 20,000 centimeters = 170 W
A - 0.26 square centimeter How much energy is used by a 1200-watt heater in 4 hours of continuous
Required: R operation?
0.00000172 -cm x 20,000 cm Given: Power (P) - 1200 watts (W)
Solution: R = --------------------------------------------- Time (t) - 4 hours (h)
0.26 sq cm Required: Energy (W)
R = 0.132 ohm Solution: W = 1200 W x 4 h
= 4800 Wh
What is the power rating of an electric device that converts 940 joules of energy
in 10 seconds?
Given: W - 940 joules (J) What is the efficiency of a ¾-horsepower (hp) motor that requires an input of
t - 10 seconds (s) 1000 watts (W) of electric power?
Required: P Given: Power input (Pin) - 1000 W
940 J Power out (Pout) - ¾ hp
Solution: P = ---------- = 94 joules per second Solution: ¾ hp = 0.75 hp
10 s Pout = 0.75 hp x 746 W/hp
How much energy is required to operate a 60-watt lamp for 30 minutes? = 559.5 W
Given: Power (P) - 60 watts (W) 559.5 W
Time (t) - 30 minutes % eff. = ---------------- x 100
Required: Energy (W) 1000 W
Solution: Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, 30 = 55.95
minutes equals Five hundred hectare of farm is to be plowed using 5-bottom moldboard plow.
30 x 60 = 1800 seconds (s) The cutting width of each plow bottom is 20 cm with a cutting depth of 15 cm.
If three (3)-tractors units are pulling a plow at an average speed of 15 kph, how Engine speed - 2200 rpm
many day does the whole area be finished? Assume a plowing efficiency of 85% Cylinder bore - 0.15 m
and plowing operation per day of 6 hours. Also compute the drawbar hp of the Mean Eff Pressure - 180 psi
plow if the specific draft of soil is equal to 12 psi. Piston stroke - 0.20 m
Given: Area - 500 has Engine stroke -4
No of Plow -5 Engine efficiency - 80%
Width of Cut - 20 cm Transmission efficiency - 90% pto, 92% w
Depth of Cut - 15 cm axle, and 81% db
No of Tractors - 3 units Required: Indicated horsepower and brake horsepower of
Speed of Tractor - 15 kph the tractor engine
Plowing Eff - 85% PTO power, wheel axle power, and drawbar
Operation - 6 hr/day power
Soil Draft - 12 psi Solution:
Required: Days to finish plowing IHP = [180 lb/in2 x 704.2 kg/m2] x [0.2m] x [
Plow drawbar horsepower (0.15m)2/4] x [2200 rpm / 60 sec/min] x
Solutions [6 cylinders] / [ 76.2 kg-m/sec-hp] x 2
Winput =20 cm x 5 bottoms = 646.7 hp
= 100 cm Brake Horsepower = 646.7 hp x 0.80
Ct = (0.1 x 100 cm x 15 kph) / (100 cm/m) = 517.4 hp
= 1.5 ha/day PTO Horsepower = 517.4 hp x 0.90
Ce = 0.85 (1.5 ha/day) = 465.7 hp
= 1.275 ha/hr-unit Wheel Axle Power = 517.4 hp x 0.92
Capacity for 3 tractor unit = 1.275 ha/hr-unit x 3 units = 475.9 hp
= 3.825 ha/hr x 6 hrs/day Drawbar Power = 517.4 x 0.81
= 22.95 ha/day = 419.1 hp
No. of days to finish plowing= 500 ha / (22.95 ha/day) A 3,500 kg tractor during transport operation passes through an earth road at a
= 21.78 days speed of 15 kph. The rated brake power of the tractor is 125 horsepower while
Drawbar Hp =FxV the transmission efficiency from the engine to the wheel axle is 80%. If the 2-m
A = 20 cm/plow x 5 plows x 15 cm rear diameter wheel of the tractor at 100 meter distance can only rotate 11
= 1500 cm2 revolutions during operation, determine the following: (1) percentage slip of the
tractor wheel, (2) drawbar horsepower of the tractor, and (3) tractive efficiency
F = (1500 cm2 ) x 12 psi x (1in/2.54 cm)2 of the tractor wheel.
x kg/2.2 lb Given: Tractor weight - 3500 kg
= 1268.2 kg Running velocity - 15 kph
DHP =(1268.2 kg x 15 kph x 1000m/km Brake horsepower - 125 hp
x hr/3600 sec ) / 76.2 kg-m/sec-hp Trans efficiency - 80% engine to wheel axle
= 6.9 hp Wheel diameter - 2 m
A tractor shown below has the following engine specifications: number of Coef of rolling resistance - 0.07
cylinders – 6, cylinder bore – 0.15 m, piston stroke – 0.20 m, engine speed – Required: Slip, drawbar horsepower, tractive efficiency,
2200 rpm, mean effective pressure – 180 psi, and number of stroke – 4. What is and torque
the indicated horsepower and brake horsepower of the engine assuming an Solutions:
engine efficiency of 80%? What is the estimated PTO power, wheel axle Slip = [ 100 m - ( x 2 m x 11 rev)] x 100 /
power, and drawbar power of the tractor if its transmission efficiencies are 90%, [( x 2 m x 11 rev)]
92%, and 81%, respectively. = 44.70%
Given: No. of cylinders -6 WAP = 125 hp x 0.8 = 100 hp
Ps = WAP x slip = 100 hp x 0.447 Given : Capacity of the bin - 2 tons
= 44.7 hp Drying time - 10 hours
R = 3500 kg x 0.07 = 245 kgf Required: Drying capacity
PR = 245 kgf x 15kph (1000m/km x Solution:
hr/3600sec)/76.2 Cd = 2 tons / 10 hours
= 13.39 hp = 0.2 tons per hour
Ploss = Ps + PR = 44.7 hp + 13.39 hp Compute the moisture reduction per hour of the dryer given in problem above.
= 58.09 hp Given : Initial moisture content - 20%
DHP = 100 hp – (58.09) = 41.9 hp Final moisture content - 14%
Eff t = DHP/WAP Drying Time - 10 hours
= [41.9 hp x 100] / 100 hp Required: Moisture reduction per hour
= 41.9% Solution:
A 15 wheel axle hp tractor is running at a speed of 10 kph during harrowing MR = (20% - 14%) / 10 hours
operation on a deep mud soil. The tractors weighs 1500 kg. The wheel diameter = 6% / 10 hours
of the tractor is 2 meters and is able to rotate at 14 revolutions in 100 meter = 0.6 percent / hour
distance. What is speed of the tractor wheel in revolution per minute? What are If the amount of heat used in removing the moisture from the grains is
the power losses of the tractor by wheel slip and rolling resistances? continuously-flow dyer is 3000 kJ/hr, what is the heat utilization efficiency if the
Given: Tractor WAP - 15 hp burner uses 6000 kJ/hr of fuel?
Tractor speed - 10 kph Given: Total heat utilized - 3000 kJ/hr
Tractor weight - 500 kg Heat supplied - 6000 kJ/hr
Soil condition - deep mud soil Required: Heat utilization efficiency
Wheel rotation - 28 revolutions Solution:
Distance traveled - 200 meters HUE = 3000 kJ / 6000 kJ/hr x 100
Wheel diameter - 2 meters = 50%
Required: Wheel slip and speed of tractor wheel in rpm What is the wheel axle power of a four-wheel tractor whose engine power is
and power losses due to wheel slip, and power equal to 150 Hp. The mechanical efficiency is 85%.
loss due to running resistance. Given:
Solution: Required:
Slip = [ 200 m - (  x 2 m x 28 rev ) ] x 100 / Solution: Pw = m Pe
[ (  x 2 m x 28 rev ) ] = 0.85 (150 hp)
= [(200 m – 175.9 m) x 100 / [175.9 m] = 127.5 hp
= 13.7%
Nw = [10 km/hr x 1000m/km x hr/60 sec] / What is the wheel axle torque of a tractor above if its wheel rotates at 40 rpm.
[ ( x 2 m) x 0.137] Given:
= 193.6 rpm Required:
Ps = WAP x slip Solution:
= 15 hp x 0.137 1000 N
= 2.6 hp
T =
R = 500 kg x 0.25
2n
= 125 kg
Pr = [125 kg x 10 km/hr x 1000 m/km x
1000 (127.5 hp x 0.746)
hr/3600 sec] / 76.2 kg-m/sec-hp
= 4.5 hp =
A 2-ton capacity flat-bed dryer dried paddy from 20 to 14 percent in 10 hours. 2  940 rpm)
What is the drying capacity of the dryer? = 378.45 N-m
If the tractor wheel above has a diameter of 2 meters, what is the force available What is the power of the tractor above?
at the wheel of the tractor? Given:
Given: Required:
Required: Solution:
Solution: T = FR Pd = Pw - PL
F = T/R = 127.5 hp - 69.09 hp
= 378.45/ 1m = 58.4 hp
= 378.4 N A sundrying floor is to be constructed using concrete. The dimension is 10 cm
thick by 20 m wide and 30 m long. The recomeneded mixing proportion is
1:2:4. Determine the numbre of bags of cement and the volume of sand and
The wheel of tractor above rotates by two-half revolution at a distance of 20 gravel needed for the construction.
meters. What is the percentage slip of the tractor. Given: Thickness - 10 cm
Given: Width - 20 m
Required: Length - 30 m
Solution: Mixing proportion - 1:2:4
An = 20 m Required: Number of bags of cement
 (2 m) (2.5 rev.) Volume of sand
Volume of gravel
AL = Solution: Vt = LxWxT
rev. = 30 m x 20 m x 0.1 m
= 15.7 m = 60 m3
20 - 15.7 Number of bags
of cement = 7.84 bags/m3 x 60 m3
S = x 100 = 470 bags
15.7 Vol of sand = 0.44 m3/m3 con x 60 m3
= 27.39% = 26 m3
If the tractor above weigh 2.5 tons and running at deep mud soil. What is the Vol of gravel = 0.88 m3/m3 con x 60 m3
rolling resistance of the tractor?
Given: Compute the number of 4” x 8” x 16” concrete hollow blocks needed for a wall
Required: having a length of 50 m and a height of 3 m. The wall is provided with a 0.4 m
Solution: foundation wall.
R = 0.25 (2500 kg) Given: Length of wall - 50 m
= 625 kgf Height of wall -3m
Height of foundation wall - 0.4 m
Required: Number of concrete hollow blocks needed for the wall
Solution: Area of wall = (3 m + 0.4 m) 50 m
If the tractor above runs at a velocity of 15 kph, what is the power loss? = 170 m2
Given: No. CHB = 13 CHB/m2 x 170 m2
Required: = 2,210 CHB
Solution:
PL= Ps + PRR
625 kgf (15 km/hr) (1000/3000)
= 127.5 (0.2739) +
76.2 kg-m/sec-hp
= 34.92 hp + 34.18 hp
= 69.09 hp
TGIM Review Center
Institute of Agricultural Engineering
TGIM Corporation
Manila
2004
Agricultural Power and Machinery
1. Depth of plowing for common paddy field.

a. 5 to 10 cm
b. 10 to 15 cm
c. 15 to 20 cm
d. None of the above
2. Depth of cultivated topsoil layer big practiced in modern upland
farming
a. 0 to 10 cm
b. 10 to 20 cm
c. 20 cm to 30 cm
3. In paddy field plowing operation using a four wheel tractor, which of
the following is true:
a. Smaller plots are much efficient to plow than larger plots.
b. Larger plots are much efficient to plow than smaller plots.
c. Smaller or larger plots have the same plowing efficiency.
4. It is a wheel less cultivator that is used for domestic gardening.
a. Motor tiller
b. Power tiller
c. Puddling-type floating tiller
5. It is the percentage ratio of the time a machine is effectively operating
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING COMPREHENSIVE BOARD EXAM to the total time the machine is committed to the operation.
REVIEWER a. Operating time efficiency
Agricultural Power, Machinery, and Allied Subjects b. Time efficiency
c. Effective time efficiency
d. All of the above
by 6. Machine performance is determined by _____________.
a. the rate and quality at which the operations are accomplished
Engr. Alexis T. Belonio b. the speed to accomplished the given operation
Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Management c. the power needed in accomplishing the given operation
College of Agriculture d. None of the above
Central Philippine University 7. The rate of machine performance is usually expressed in terms of
Iloilo City _______.
a. quantity per unit time b. Trip
b. quality per unit time c. Operation
c. speed per unit time d. None of the above
d. All of the above 15. It describes the practice of dividing the field into sub-areas and
8. It is the time spent by the machine in the field to replace or renew pars operating on these sub-areas individually.
that have become inoperative. a. Operating in lands
a. Maintenance time b. Field operation
b. Machine adjustment time c. Field division
c. Repair time d. None of the above
d. All of the above 16. __________ unprocessed area that provide room for making turns.
a. Headland
9. It is the time used in refueling, lubricating, tightening of chain, etc of b. Turn strips
the machine. c. Turning radius
a. Maintenance time d. None of the above
b. Machine adjustment time
c. Repair time 17. Field operating pattern where it has a trips that parallel with each other,
d. All of the above are incremented successively by the operating width of the implement,
10. Which of the following statement is true? and initiated at one boundary and terminated at the opposite.
a. Theoretical field capacity is less than effective field capacity. a. Circuitous pattern
b. Effective field capacity is more than effective field capacity. b. Headland pattern
c. Theoretical field capacity is equal to the effective field c. Alternation pattern
capacity. d. None of the above
d. None of the above 18. It describes the operation of the implement operation paralleling each
11. Which of the following statement is true? land’s boundaries and is commonly describes as “going around the
a. Field efficiency decreases with the increase in theoretical field field.”
capacity. a. Circuitous pattern
b. Field efficiency decreases with the increase in effective field b. Headland pattern
capacity. c. Alternation pattern
c. Field efficiency does not increase with the increase in d. None of the above
theoretical field capacity. 19. It is sometimes used in processing established row crops and a
d. None of the above modification of continuous pattern.
12. It is the radius of the circle within which the implement can make its a. Circuitous pattern
shortest run in the field. b. Headland pattern
a. Radius of run c. Alternation pattern
b. Minimum turning distance d. None of the above
c. Turning radius 20. Pattern efficiency of headland pattern in a square field.
d. None of the above a. 93.0%
13. It is the travel of the machine across or around a field from a selected b. 95.7%
starting point adjacent to the first. c. 84.0%
a. Round d. None of the above
b. Trip 21. Which of the following is not a source of energy for farming?
c. Operation a. Solar energy
d. None of the above b. Wind energy
14. One half of the travel from one end of the field to the other. c. Biomass energy
a. Round d. All of the
e. None of the above b. Diesel
22. A conventional source of energy. c. Biomass
a. Human power d. None of the above
b. Draft Animal 30. Fuel used for constant pressure cycle internal combustion engine.
c. Fossil fuel a. Gasoline
d. All of the above b. Diesel
e. None of the above c. Biomass
23. A non-conventional sources of energy d. None of the above
a. Biomass 31. How many fuel injection pump are there in 4 cylinder four stroke cycle
b. Solar diesel engine?
c. Wind a. 1
d. All of the above b. 2
e. None of the above c. 4
24. A steam engine is an example of ______________. 32. How many fuel injection pump are there in 4 cylinder four stroke cycle
a. an internal combustion engine gasoline engine?
b. an external combustion engine a. 1
c. a dual combustion engine b. 2
d. None of the above c. 4
25. A constant volume cycle engine. d. None of the above
a. Gasoline engine 33. Which of the following do belong to crop maintenance equipment?
b. Diesel engine a. Plow and harrow
c. Steam engine b. Weeder
d. None of the above c. Sprayer
26. A constant pressure cycle d. All of the above
a. Gasoline engine 34. Compression ring is usually located ____________ .
b. Diesel engine a. on top of the oil ring
c. Steam engine b. beneath the oil ring
d. None of the above c. on the same position with the oil ring
27. An internal combustion engine that produces two power stroke in two d. None of the above
revolution of the crankshaft. 35. Engine piston displacement will increase if the ____________ .
a. Four-stroke cycle engine a. piston diameter is increased
b. Two-stroke cycle engine b. piston stroke is increased
c. One-stroke cycle engine c. All of the above
d. None of the above d. None of the above
28. A fuel commonly used for external combustion engine. 36. Increasing the engine clearance volume will _____________ .
a. Gasoline a. increase the compression ratio
b. Diesel b. decrease the compression ratio
c. Biomass c. have the same compression ratio
29. Fuel used for constant volume cycle internal combustion engine. 37. A 16-valve diesel engine usually have ___________ .
a. Gasoline a. a single-piston cylinders
b. a six-piston cylinders c. the same
c. an eight-piston cylinders d. None of the above
d. None of the above 45. Power implements are usually connected to the ________ of the tractor.
38. Ignition of fuel in a gasoline fuel engine usually starts when the piston a. wheel axle drive
is __________ . b. power take-off drive
a. at the top dead center c. front wheel drive
b. moving downward the bottom dead center d. None of the above
c. approaching the top dead center 46. Turbo charging tractor engine will increase the power output
d. None of the above approximately by _____ .
39. At the downward stroke of a two-stroke cycle gasoline engine, which of a. 10 – 20 %
the following events takes place? b. 20 - 30 %
a. Power, Exhaust, and Intake c. 30 – 40 %
b. Compression, Exhaust, and Power d. None of the above
c. Compression, Power, and Intake 47. Integral mounted implement are usually attached to the tractor through a
______.
a. single point hitch system of the tractor
b. double-hitch system of the tractor
c. three-point hitch system of the tractor
40. Compression pressure for small gasoline engine. d. None of the above
a. 40 to 70 psi
b. 75 to 125 psi
c. 150 to 410 psi 48. A semi-integral mounted type implements are usually attached to the
d. None of the above tractor through a _________ .
41. A process of providing the engine with additional amount of air and fuel a. single point hitch system of the tractor
using a small turbine propelled by engine exhaust gas to increase power b. double-hitch system of the tractor
by about 30%. c. three-point hitch system of the tractor
a. Turbo charging d. None of the above
b. Supercharging 49. A trailing-type implements are usually attached to the tractor through a
c. Air and fuel injecting _________ .
d. None of the above a. single point hitch system of the tractor
42. Which of the following engine requires frequent maintenance? b. double-hitch system of the tractor
a. Compression ignition engine c. three-point hitch system of the tractor
b. Spark-ignition engine d. None of the above
c. Air cooled compression ignition engine 50. Seed produced by the Seed Production and Health Division form UP ad
d. All of the above certified 100% pure by the Seed Quality Control Services of the Bureau
43. The direction of a crawler-type tractor can be maneuvered by of Plant Industry.
__________ a. Certified Seeds
a. stopping the engine b. Registered Seeds
b. stopping one of its wheels c. Foundation Seeds
c. using the stirring wheel d. Breeder Seeds
d. None of the above e. None of the above
44. A crawler-type tractor of the same weight provides __________ soil 51. Seed produced from breeder seeds and distributed to all members of the
compacting pressure than wheel type tractor. Seed Net and selected seed producers in every province for further
a. higher multiplication.
b. lower a. Certified Seeds
b. Registered Seeds b. Machine life span
c. Foundation Seeds c. Machine service life
d. Breeder Seeds d. None of the above
e. None of the above 59. A kilogram fuel consumed by an engine per hr per amount of brake
52. Seed produced from Foundation Seed and being distributed to all power is the _______.
accredited seed producers for mass production. a. fuel consumption rate
a. Certified Seeds b. specific fuel consumption rate
b. Registered Seeds c. specific fuel
c. Foundation Seeds d. None of the above
d. Breeder Seeds 60. A tractor type designed for operation with advantage under trees.
e. None of the above a. Standard tractor
53. Seed produced from the Registered Seed by accredited seed producers b. All-purpose row crop tractor
and distributed to farmers for commercial production. c. Orchard tractor
a. Certified Seeds d. All of the above
b. Registered Seeds 61. Tractor size is determined by _______________________.
c. Foundation Seeds a. weight, horsepower, and size and number of wheels
d. Breeder Seeds b. implement capacity, weight, and size and number of wheels
e. None of the above c. weight, horsepower, and implement capacity
54. Machine operation in which there are two or more machines performing d. All of the above
their own respective operation simultaneously. 62. Which of the following is not driven by PTO shaft?
a. Individual operation a. Rotary tiller
b. Parallel operation b. Power harrow
c. Series operation c. Moldboard plow
d. None of the above d. All of the above
55. Machine operation in which there are two or more machines performing 63. A three-bottom disc plow is to be connected to a tractor, what tractor
their own respective operation in sequence. hitch system would your recommend for the plow?
a. Individual operation a. Drawn bar hitch type
b. Parallel operation b. Semi-mounted type
c. Series operation c. Direct mounted type
56. Machine operation in which one or more similar machines are operated 64. It is a circular flat tool placed ahead of a plow used to cut plant material
as one unit. and soil.
a. Individual operation a. Jointer
b. Parallel operation b. Pinion plow
c. Series operation c. Coulter
57. It is the amount paid for hiring equipment and operator services to 65. It is the minimum vertical distance between the soil surface and a
perform a certain task. potentially obstructing machine element.
a. Machine fixed cost a. Vertical clearance
b. Machine variable cost b. Machine height
c. Machine custom cost c. Ground clearance
58. It is the useful service life of the machine before it becomes unprofitable 66. Angle in vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of travel between
for its original purpose due to obsolescence or wear. the tool axis and the soil surface.
a. Machine economic life a. Tilt angle
b. Side angle d. None of the above
c. Lift angle 74. It is the undisturbed or broken side of the furrow.
d. None of the above a. Furrow crown
67. Angle in the soil surface plane perpendicular to the direction of travel b. Furrow slice
between the tool axis and the line which is perpendicular to the c. Furrow wall
direction of travel. d. None of the above
a. Tilt angle 75. It refers to the arrangement of soil particles in the soil layer.
b. Side angle a. Soil texture
c. Lift angle b. Soil structure
d. None of the above c. Soil moisture
68. Angle in vertical plane parallel to the direction of travel between a tool d. All of the above
axis and the soil surface. 76. It refers to the relative proportion of the soil separates in a given soil.
a. Tilt angle a. Soil texture
b. Side angle b. Soil structure
c. Lift angle c. Soil moisture
69. A trench left when the plow bottom cuts and turns the furrow slice. 77. Which of the following do not belong to seeder parts.
a. Back furrow a. Furrow opener
b. Dead furrow b. Metering device
c. Furrow c. Covering device
d. All of the above d. Seed tube
70. A raised ridge left at the center of the strip of land when plowing e. None of the above
started center to center. f. All of the above
a. Back furrow
b. Dead furrow
c. Furrow
d. All of the above
78. Which of the following statement is true?

71. An open trench left between the adjacent strips of land after finishing a. The velocity of the flat belt of a reaper is faster than its
the plowing operation. forward velocity.
a. Back furrow b. The velocity of the flat belt of a reaper is slower than its
b. Dead furrow forward velocity.
c. Furrow c. The velocity of the flat belt of a reaper is the same with the
d. All of the above forward velocity.
72. It is the peak of the turned furrow slice. d. None of the above
a. Furrow crown e. above
b. Furrow slice 79. Which of the following statement is true?
c. Furrow wall a. The velocity of the knife of a reaper is faster than its forward
d. None of the above velocity.
73. A soil mass cut, lifted , pulverized, inverted, and thrown to one side of b. The velocity of the knife of a reaper is slower than its forward
the plow bottom. velocity.
a. Furrow crown c. The velocity of the knife of a reaper is the same with the
b. Furrow slice forward velocity.
c. Furrow wall d. None of the above
80. The difference between a stripper and a reaper is that b. Spiral plow
__________________. c. Puddling-type tiller
a. the stripper cuts the panicle during harvesting d. Comb harrow
b. the reaper detach the grain during harvesting e. None of the above
c. the stripper detach the grains while the reaper cuts the panicle 87. Heavy-duty type power tiller basically consists of _______ axles?
during harvesting a. single
d. None of the above b. double
81. A drum seeder is highly suitable for rice seeds that was c. triple
_______________ . d. None of the above
a. freshly stored before planting 88. A type of disk harrow that is not directly parallel in position with the
b. pre-germinated before planting tractor during operation.
c. milled before planting a. Single action disk harrow
d. All of the above b. Double action disk harrow
82. During seeding and planting, which of the crop production activities is c. Offset disk harrow
simultaneously in operation? d. All of the above
a. Weeding 89. The power that is required in pulling an implement.
b. Irrigating a. Brake horsepower
c. Fertilizing b. Drawbar horsepower
d. Spraying c. Power takeoff horsepower
e. None of the above d. All of the above
83. The metering device of a seeder basically is used to uniformly feed the 90. The power that is required in driving a pump shaft.
seed into the _______________ . a. Brake horsepower
a. covering device b. Drawbar horsepower
b. seed tube c. Power takeoff horsepower
c. furrow opener d. All of the above
d. None of the above 91. The power available at the engine shaft used in driving machinery.
84. Part of a rice transplanter that places the seedlings into the prepared a. Brake horsepower
paddy field. b. Drawbar horsepower
a. Feed tray c. Power takeoff horsepower
b. Picker d. All of the above
c. Handle 92. The power required in driving power harrows, rotary tiller, and other
d. None of the above related equipment.
a. Brake horsepower
b. Drawbar horsepower
c. Power takeoff horsepower
d. All of the above
85. If you are an engineer to mechanize a lowland rice farm that is usually
flooded, what primary tillage implement would you recommend?
a. Spiral-type tiller 93. Variables affecting the drawbar horsepower::
b. Disc-type tiller a. Implement speed and width
c. Puddling-type tiller b. Implement width and pulling force
d. None of the above c. Implement pulling force and speed
86. Which of the following primary tillage equipment for small rice farm d. None of the above
with higher field capacity? 94. PS is a German acronym for ________________ .
a. Disc plow a. Pferdestark
b. Pferdstark 102. Instrument for measuring the speed of a shaft.
c. Pferdestarke a. Odometer
d. None of the above b. Anemometer
95. cv is a French acronym for ____________ . c. Tachometer
a. Cheval-vapeur d. All of the above
b. Chevapeur 103. Instrument for measuring low-pressure head.
c. Chevalvapour a. Dial type pressure gauge
d. None of the above b. Manometer
96. pk is Dutch acronym for ____________ . c. Orifice
a. Paardekracht d. None of the above
b. Pardkract 104. Instrument for measuring furnace temperature.
c. Padkracht a. Glass bulb thermometer
d. None of the above b. Dial type bimetallic thermometer
97. 1 PS is equal to _________ watts c. Thermocouple wire thermometer
a. 735.49 d. All of the above
b. 740.12 105. It is a set of concave discs.
c. 760.00 a. Gang
d. None of the above b. Disc set
98. 1 pk is equal to ____________ watts c. Disc frame
a. 735.49 d. None of the above
b. 740.12
c. 760.00 106. It is a set of sprinkler nozzles.
d. None of the above a. Boom
99. 1 cv is equal to _________ watts b. Sprinkler laterals
a. 735.50 c. Sprayer nozzle set
b. 740.12 d. None of the above
c. 760.00 107. A central part of a plow where the share, moldboard, and landside are
d. None of the above attached.
100. A farm is planed be planted with corn at a spacing of 30 cm x 60 cm. a. Frame
As engineer in-charge of the mechanization program of the farm which b. Frog
of the following equipment would you recommend? c. Shank
a. Drill d. None of the above
b. Row Crop Planter 108. It is an auxiliary plow-working element, mounted above the shin which
c. Broadcaster deposits the upper edge of the furrow in the furrow bottom.
d. None of the above a. Tail piece
b. Thrash board
c. Coulter
101. Which of the following are the basic functions of a seeder and planter?
a. Open the seed furrow
b. Meter the seeds 109. The size of a moldboard plow is determined ________________ .
c. Deposit the seeds a. from the wing of the share to the landside
d. Cover the seeds b. from tip of the moldboard to the landside
e. None of the above c. from the top of the moldboard to the point of the share
f. All of the above d. None of the above
110. It is a set of sprinkler nozzles. b. Cold rolled steel
a. Boom c. Spring steel
b. Sprinkler laterals d. None of the above
c. Sprayer nozzle set 118. Material recommended by PAES in the manufacture of disk blade.
d. None of the above a. Mild steel
111. A central part of a plow where the share, moldboard, and landside are b. Carbon steel
attached. c. Cast iron
a. Frame d. None of the above
b. Frog 119. When a disk harrow consists of a front and rear gangs and is centrally
c. Shank positioned with the tractor, it is classified as _________ ?
d. None of the above a. Single action harrow
112. It is an auxiliary plow-working element, mounted above the shin which b. Double action harrow
deposits the upper edge of the furrow in the furrow bottom. c. Offset harrow
a. Tail piece d. None of the above
b. Thrash board 120. When a disk harrow consists of a front gangs only and is centrally
c. Coulter positioned with the tractor, it is classified as _________ ?
d. None of the above a. Single action harrow
113. The size of a moldboard plow is determined ________________ . b. Double action harrow
a. from the wing of the share to the landside c. Offset harrow
b. from tip of the moldboard to the landside d. None of the above
c. from the top of the moldboard to the point of the share 121. When a disk harrow consists of a front and/or rear gangs and is not
d. None of the above centrally positioned with the tractor, it is classified as _________ ?
114. Component parts of a seeder that is used to calibrate the seed metering a. Single action harrow
device. b. Double action harrow
a. Furrow wheel c. Offset harrow
b. Ground wheel d. None of the above
c. Support wheel 122. It is the traverse distance between two adjacent discs.
d. All of the above a. Disk distance
115. A six-bottom moldboard plow is to be used to plow a heavy soil. How b. Disk clearance
many scrapers are there in the plow? c. Disk spacing
a. 2 d. None of the above
b. 4 123. The angle between the axis of the set of disks and the line perpendicular
c. 6 to the direction of the implement.
d. None of the above a. Disk angle
116. It is a part of the plow that connects the plow bottom and the frame. b. Gang angle
a. Upper hitch point c. Implement angle
b. Boom d. None of the above
c. Shank 124. It is a self-propelled machine having a single axle designed primarily to
d. None of the above pull and propel trailed or mounted agricultural implement and
machinery.
a. Walking-type tractor
b. Pedestrian tractor
c. Hand tractor
117. Material recommended by PAES for use as implement frame. d. None of the above
a. Mild steel e. All of the above
125. Warranty period for hand tractor from the purchase of the machine. d. All of the above
a. 4 months e.
b. 6 months 133. It is an articulated connection between a link and the tractor.
c. 12 months a. Hitch point
d. All of the above b. Link point
126. Engine cooling method. c. Implement point
a. air cooled d. All of the above
b. water cooled 134. It is the center to center distance between two front or rear wheels.
c. air and water cooled a. Wheel clearance
d. None of the above b. Wheel tread
e. All of the above c. Wheel distance
127. Engine whose piston that requires two movements to complete one d. None of the above
cycle. 135. A type of four-wheel tractor where power is transmitted to all wheels of
a. Single-cycle the tractor.
b. Two-cycle a. Two-wheel drive tractor
c. Four-cycle b. Four-wheel drive tractor
d. None of the above c. Hydraulic drive tractor
128. An engine valve arrangement wherein the intake and exhaust valves are d. None of the above
located in the cylinder head. 136. A type of four-wheel tractor where power is transmitted to rear wheels
a. I - head arrangement with small front wheels being pushed along.
b. L- head arrangement a. Two-wheel drive tractor
c. X- head arrangement b. Four-wheel drive tractor
d. None of the above c. Hydraulic drive tractor
129. An engine valve arrangement wherein the intake and exhaust valves are d. None of the above
located on one side of the cylinder block. 137. Auxiliary gear shift lever of a tractor is usually located at the
a. I - head arrangement ____________.
b. L- head arrangement a. right side of the operator seat
c. X- head arrangement b. left side of the operator seat
d. None of the above c. front of the operator seat
130. Percentage engine output to be attained when testing based on the d. None of the above
maximum rated power output.
a. 60% 138. Hydraulic control level of a tractor are usually located at the
b. 80% ____________ .
c. 100% a. right side of the operator seat
d. All of the above b. left side of the operator seat
131. Basic hand tools for engine maintenance: c. front of the operator seat
a. Open wrench d. None of the above
b. Adjustable wrench 139. Drawbar types:
c. Screw driver (Philip and Flat) a. Fixed drawbar
d. All of the above b. Swinging drawbar
e. None of the above c. Link drawbar
132. It is an articulated connection between a link and the implement. d. All of the above
a. Hitch point e. None of the above
b. Link point 140. PAES recommended thickness of drawbar for four-wheel agricultural
c. Implement point tractor.
a. Not more than 32 mm d. None of the above
b. 32 mm 147. Acceptable level wheel slip for four-wheel drive tractor on a firm soil.
c. More than 32 mm a. 6 - 10%
d. None of the above b. 8 - 13%
c. 10 - 16%
141. PAES recommended diameter of hole in the drawbar for four-wheel 148. Acceptable level wheel slip for four-wheel drive tractor on a tilled or
agricultural tractor. soft soil.
a. 30 mm a. 6 - 10%
b. 33 mm b. 8 - 13%
c. 36 mm c. 10 - 16%
142. Front tread of four-wheel agricultural tractor is usually adjusted by 149. It is a single or pair of wheels with radially mounted tilling blades
______ . attached to a common shaft or axle of a puddling-type floating tiller.
a. changing bolt position of the front axle a. Cage wheel
b. changing the size of wheel b. Tilling wheel
c. changing the front axle c. Hydro wheel
150. Common designs of floatation structure for puddling-type floating tiller.
143. The rear wheel for two-wheel and four wheel drive tractors are a. Elliptical-shaped
adjusted by _____ . b. Boat type
a. inverting the wheel disc c. Saucer type
b. changing the rear axle d. Pontoon type
c. changing the position of the bolt of the rear axle e. All of the above
d. None of the above f. None of the above
144. Types of brake system for agricultural tractors: 151. Another term for puddling-type floating tiller
a. Internal expansion type a. Rotary tiller
b. External expansion type b. Float-assist tiller
c. Disk type c. Garden tiller
d. All of the above d. None of the above
e. None of the above 152. Manufacturer’ specification for float assisted tiller field capacity based
145. Acceptable level wheel slip for two-wheel drive tractor on a firm soil. on PAE Standard.
a. 7 - 11% a. 1.0 to 2.5 kph
b. 10 - 15% b. 2.5 to 4.0 kph
c. 16 - 20% c. 4.0 to 6.5 kph
153. Recommended chain and sprocket drive for tractor powered by 3.73 to
146. Acceptable level wheel slip for two-wheel drive tractor on a tilled or 5.22 kW gasoline engine.
soft soil. a. ANSI chain number 50
a. 7 - 11% b. ANSI chain number 60
b. 10 - 15% c. ANSI chain number 70
c. 16 - 20% d. All of the above
e. None of the above a. the length of the blade
154. Recommended chain and sprocket drive for tractor powered by b. its overall length
5.22 kW and above gasoline engine. c. it diameter
a. ANSI chain number 50 d. None of the above
b. ANSI chain number 60 162. What type of fastener is used to fasten a metal part to wood?
c. ANSI chain number 70 a. Machine bolt
d. All of the above b. Lag screw
e. None of the above c. Carriage bolt
163. What property of metal refers to its ability to resist penetration?
155. When heat alone is used to melt and flow metal together, the process is a. Hardness
know as _______. b. Toughness
a. Soldering c. Strength
b. Pressure welding d. All of the above
c. Fusion Welding 164. Metals high in weldability are usually high in __________ .
d. None of the above a. Fusibility
156. Welding by heating and then forcing the pieces together is called b. Malleability
______ . c. Ductility
a. Fusion welding d. All of the above
b. Pressure welding 165. Ferrous metals are metals that contain __________ .
c. Inertia Welding a. Copper
d. All of the above b. Aluminum
157. The most common form of gas welding uses the gases _______ . c. Iron
a. Acetylene and air d. All of the above
b. Acetylene and hydrogen
c. Acetylene and oxygen
d. All of the above
158. Spot welding is a form of welding known as ________ .
a. Flow welding
b. Resistance welding
c. Forge welding
159. The metal that is melted from a pieces being joined is called the
_________ .
a. Filler metal
b. Weld metal
c. Base metal
160. A form of resistance welding used for welding sheet metal is
________ .
a. Arc welding
b. Gas welding
c. Spot Welding
161. The size of screw driver is measured by ___________ .
B. 1955
C. 1960
D. 1965
5. The first school in the Philippines offered Agricultural Engineering
A. Central Luzon State University
B. Central Luzon University
C. Visayas State University
D. Mindanao State University
XAVIER UNIVERSITY- ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
6. Agricultural Engineering Board member coming from Mindanao
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BOARD EXAM REVIEW 2014 A. Engr. Juana T. Tapel
SUBJECT: AE LAW B. Engr. Ariodear C. Rico
BY: ENGR. ROLAND J. MACANA C. Engr. Ariodear E. Rico
FULL TIME KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM D. Engr. Juana E. Tapel
OFFICER, XUCA RESEARCH & SOCIAL OUTREACH
PART TIME FACULTY, AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 7. It is known as “Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization Law”
A. RA 10601
B. RA 106001
White the letter of your answer in your answer sheet. Choose the best answer. C. RA 1006001
1. Current members of the Agricultural Engineering Board D. RA 100601
A. Arioder Rico, Juan Tapel, FelimarTorrizo 8. The directive of DILG that Agricultural Engineer now a must in LGUs.
B. Roland Rico, Juan Tapel, FelimarTorrizo A. DILG Memorandum Circular NO. 2012-128
C. Roland Macana, Ariodear Rico, FelimarTorrizo B. DILG Memorandum Circular NO. 2012-124
D. Arioder Rico, Juana Tapel, FelimarTorrizo C. DILG Memorandum Circular NO. 2012-120
2. The objective of Agricultural Engineering Board is D. DILG Memorandum Circular NO. 2012-116
A. To promote and empower the practice of agricultural engineering 9. With the Rationalization plan of DA and AFMEC Law, how many
profession in the Philippines. estimated positions will be available for an Agricultural Engineer?
B. To promote and upgrade the practice of agricultural engineering A. 1000
profession in the Philippines. B. 2000
C. To empower the practice of agricultural engineering profession in C. 3000
the Philippines. D. 4000
D. To promote the practice of agricultural engineering profession in 10. Agricultural Engineering Road Map Goals (2013-2020), how many
the Philippines. Agricultural Engineers will be needed?
3. Founder of Agricultural Engineering A. 1000
A. Dr. Felix D. Maramba B. 5000
B. Engr. Matthew C .Maramba C. 10000
C. Engr. Philip L. Maramba D. 12000
D. Engr. Alex T. Maramba 11. Resolution that requires the indication of the registration, license
4. The Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineer was founded in the year number and expiry by a Professional Agricultural Engineer
A. 1950
A. Resolution no. 270, series of 2003 A. A candidate must obtain a weighted general average of 70%, with
B. Resolution no. 270, series of 1993 no grades lower than 55% in any given subject.
C. Resolution no. 271, series of 1993 B. A candidate must obtain a weighted general average of 70%, with
D. Resolution no. 271, series of 2006 no grades lower than 50% in any given subject.
12. Professional Fee for complete package assistance C. A candidate must obtain a weighted general average of 70%, with
A. 10% of the TPC but not less than P 2,000.00 no grades lower than 60% in any given subject.
B. 10% of the TPC but not less than P 1,000.00 D. A candidate must obtain a weighted general average of 75%, with
C. 12% of the TPC but not less than P 2,000.00 no grades lower than 55% in any given subject.
D. 11% of the TPC but not less than P 1,000.00 19. Republic Act 8559 is also known as :
13. Professional Fee for Signing/Sealing only. A. Philippine Agricultural Engineering Act of 1994
A. 5% of the TPC but not less than P 500.00 B. Philippine Agricultural Engineering Law
B. 3% of the TPC but not less than P 400.00 C. Philippine Agricultural Engineering Act of 1998
C. 5% of the TPC but not less than P 1000.00 D. Philippine Agricultural Engineering Law of 1998
D. 2% of the TPC but not less than P 500.00 20. When was RA 8559 approved?
14. Professional Fee for Supervision only A. February 25, 1998
A. 2% of the TPC or P2,000.00 per month B. February 26, 1998
B. 3% of the TPC or P2,000.00 per month C. February 26, 1997
C. 2% of the TPC or P4,000.00 per month D. February 20, 1998
D. 3% of the TPC or P4,000.00 per month 21. Means behavior on the part of officials in the public or private or public
15. Professional Fee for Designing, plan preparation, estimation. sectors by which they improperly and unlawfully enrich themselves,
A. 6.5% of the TPC or P 3,000.00 per plan others, or induce others to do so, by misusing the position in which
B. 5.5% of the TPC or P 1,000.00 per plan they are placed, and it includes the offering, giving, receiving, or
C. 6.0% of the TPC or P 2,000.00 per plan soliciting of anything of value to influence the action of any such
D. 6.5% of the TPC or P 1,000.00 per plan official in the procurement process or in contracting execution.
16. Otherwise known as “Philippine Agricultural Engineering Law” A. Corrupt Practice
A. Republic Act No. 3927 B. Fraudulent Practice
B. Republic Act No. 3928 C. Collusive Practice
C. Republic Act No. 3926 D. Coercive Practice
D. Republic Act No. 3929 22. The Board of Agricultural Engineering is composed of:
17. The “Philippine Agricultural Engineering Law” was approved on A. Chairman and 1 member
A. June 18, 1964 B. Chairman and 2 members
B. June 18, 1950 C. Chairman and 3 members
C. June 18, 1960 D. Chairman and 4 members
D. June 18, 1998 23. In selecting members of the board, how many nominees in each
18. To be qualified as having passed the board examination for Agricultural position chosen and ranked in the order of preference and submitted
Engineers, by the dully accredited association of agricultural engineers in the
Philippines.
A. 1 C. Separability Clause
B. 2 D. Reparability Clause
C. 3 29. All laws, decrees, executive orders and other administrative issuances
D. 4 and parts thereof which are inconsistent with the provisions of the act
24. Qualifications of members of the board: a member of the board shall, are hereby modified or superseded.
at the time of their appointment, possess the following qualification A. Repealing Clause
based on age. B. Appealing Clause
A. 30 C. Separability Clause
B. 35 D. Reparability Clause
C. 40 30. Effectivity, of this act following its publication in the official Gazette or
D. 45 in a major daily newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines
25. To become a member of the board, one should be a registered A. 20 days
agricultural engineer with a valid professional license and an active B. 25 days
practitioner for not less than C. 15 days
A. 5 years D. 10 days
B. 6 years 31. The current AE board chairman
C. 10 years A. Engr. Juana T. Tapel
D. 12 years B. Engr. Ariodear C. Rico
26. Any person who violates any provisions of RA 8559 shall, upon C. Engr. Ariodear E. Rico
conviction, be penalized by a fine not less than D. Engr. Juana E. Tapel
A. 50, 000 nor more than 200,000 32. Effectivity of the RA 8559.
B. 60, 000 nor more than 200,000 A. March 23, 1996
C. 100, 000 nor more than 200,000 B. March 23, 1998
D. 50, 000 nor more than 100,000 C. February 23, 1996
27. Any person who violates any of the provisions of this act shall, upon D. March 23, 1996
conviction, be imprisoned of not less than 33. An applicant who fails to pass the examination for the third time shall
A. 6 months nor more than 2 years be allowed to take another examinations only after a lapse of
B. 6 months nor more than 3 years A. 1 year
C. 4 months nor more than 2 years B. 2 years
D. 4 months nor more than 3 years C. 3 years
28. If any clause, provision, paragraph of part hereof shall be declared D. 4 years
unconstitutional or invalid, such judgment shall not affect, invalidate or 34. The members of the board of Agricultural Engineering shall hold office
impair any other part hereof, but such judgment shall be merely for a term of ___ years and until their successors shall have been
confined to the clause, provision, paragraph or part directly involved in appointed and qualified.
the controversy in which such judgment has been rendered. A. 2
A. Repealing Clause B. 3
B. Appealing Clause C. 4
D. 1 D. RA 9513
35. When did the congress enact RA 8559? 42. Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards of Public Officials and
A. February 26, 1998 Employees
B. February 27, 1998 A. RA 6713
C. February 28, 1998 B. RA 6173
D. February 29, 1998 C. RA 7613
36. No person shall practice agricultural engineering in the Philippines D. RA 1763
unless such person has secured a _____ to practice agricultural 43. Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
engineering as provided in the Agricultural Engineering Act. A. RA 9729
A. License B. RA 9275
B. Order C. RA 9367
C. Dry Seal D. RA 9513
D. memo 44. Organic Agriculture Act of 2010
37. Known as Climate Change Act of 2009 A. RA 10068
A. RA 9729 B. RA 9003
B. RA 6657 C. RA 6541
C. RA 9367 D. RA 6938
D. RA 9513 45. Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000
38. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law 1988 A. RA 10068
A. RA 9729 B. RA 9003
B. RA 6657 C. RA 6541
C. RA 9367 D. RA 6938
D. RA 9513 46. National Building Code of the Philippines
39. Biofuels Act of 2006 A. RA 10068
A. RA 9729 B. RA 9003
B. RA 6657 C. RA 6541
C. RA 9367 D. RA 6938
D. RA 8435 47. Cooperative Code of the Philippines
40. Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act 0f 1997 A. RA 10068
A. RA 9729 B. RA 9003
B. RA 6657 C. RA 6541
C. RA 9367 D. RA 6938
D. RA 8435
41. Renewable Energy Act of 2008
A. RA 9729
B. RA 6657
C. RA 9367

Agricultural Engineering Problems and Solutions: Alexis T. Belonio

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Agricultural Engineering Problems and Solutions: Alexis T. Belonio

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AGRICULTURAL

Department of Agricultural Engineering and

As a dedicated professional, he serves as technical consultant to various

Electric Iron = 1200 x 2 / 1000

Voltage at appliance = 120 volt – 8.256 volt

1. Depth of plowing for common paddy field.

78. Which of the following statement is true?

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