Autotransformer

Autotransformer connected for step-

down operation
Example1 How Autotransformer works?

Turns ratio = k = NS / NP = NB / NA = 20 / 80 = 1/4

VS = k.VP = 120 V.1/ 4 = 30 V
IL = IS = VS / ZLOAD = 30/0.5 = 60A >> IP = IS . k = 60/4 = 15A
 Autotransformer Example continued

How did the load current become 60A?

15A provided directly to the load by VP (Conductively)
45A provided to the load by “transformer action” (Inductively)
 Example 2
• A 400-turn autotransformer, operating in the
step-down mode with a 25% tap, supplies a
4.8-kVA, 0.85 pf lagging load. The input to the
transformer is 2400-V, 50-Hz. Neglecting the
small losses and leakage effects, determine
– (a) the load current,
– (b) the incoming line current,
– (c) the transformed current,
– (d) the apparent power conducted and the
apparent power transformed or by inductive
action.
 Example 2 part a

k = NS / NP = (25%)400/(400) = 1/4
VS = VP .k = 2400 . 1/ 4 = 600 V
IS = 4800 VA / 600 V = 8 A = ILOAD
 Example 2 parts b, c, d

• (b) ILINE = IP = IS .k = 8 A . 1/ 4 = 2 A
• (c) ITR = ILS – IHS = (8 – 2) A = 6 A
• (d) Scond = IHSVLS = (2 A)(600 V) = 1200 VA
Strans = ITRVLS = (6 A)(600 V) = 3600 VA
Two-Winding Transformer connected
as an Autotransformer

Two-Winding Transformer Reconnected as Autotransformer

S  (V  V )  I
at 1 2 2

S V I
2w 2 2


S  (1 / k  1)  S
at 2w
 Example 3

• A 10-kVA, 50-Hz, 2400—240-V

distribution transformer is reconnected for
use as a step-up autotransformer with a
2640-V output and a 2400-V input.
• Determine
– (a) the rated primary and secondary currents
when connected as an autotransformer;
– (b) the apparent-power rating when
connected as an autotransformer.
 Example 3 continued
As a two-winding transformer

10kVA
I   41.67A
240V
LS

41.67A
I   4.167A
10
HS
 Example 3 continued
As an autotransformer

2400
S  (1 / k  1)  S  (  1)  10  110kVA
at 2w
240
 Example 3 Simulation
XWM1
T1
10
V I
Iinput
+ -
45.859 A

AC 1e-009Ohm

LOAD + U1
V1 63.35 Ohm 2.640k V AC 1MOhm
-
2400 V + Itransformed
60 Hz 4.357 A AC 1e-009Ohm
0Deg -

+ Iconducted
41.672 A AC 1e-009Ohm
-