1.Navigate to https://www.officialgazette.gov.

ph/constitutions and examine the

various constitutions of the Philippines across the different periods and do the
task provided below. Give at least one comparison (similarity) and one contrast
(difference) on each of the three points indicated.

A. The National Territory

B. Bill of Rights

C. Citizenship

(1935, 1943, 1973 and 1987 Constitutions)

Watch the full episode of Kara David‘s award-winning Ambulansiyang de Paa at

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JI-Qgl1A-g0 and make your personal
assessment on the conditions of many indigenous peoples in the country at
present. (Just make a short review about the condition of the indigenous groups
in our country based on the documentary).

Kara David’s ‘Ambulansiyang de Paa’ tackles about the condition of the

indigenous people living in Bansud, Oriental Mindoro. ‘Ambulansiyang de Paa’ is
an eye opener as it shows that there are a lot of places that doesn’t receive any
medical assistance. While watching the documentary it saddened me that there
are people who must go through those kinds of hardships shown in the
documentary. I noticed that the indigenous people in my municipality doesn’t
receive the attention that they deserve, seeing them carry a patient in a swing on
their own as they travel down the mountain is touching but at the same time
upsetting because if there are proper assistance and a develop way/road that
they could use it wouldn’t take them hours to reach the town and those who are
suffering from any form of sickness could’ve receive an immediate treatment. I
admire Kara David’s dedication to help and to let everyone know that there are a
lot of people especially indigenous people who needed help. As a resident of
Bansud, I admit that I am not aware of the situations of the indigenous people in
our municipality. Seeing them reached the health center to found out that there
is no doctor is not new as I experienced it a couple of times, we have to travel to
other municipality to receive an immediate treatment. I’ve observed that our
municipality is lacking in the medical field and that it needed more attention
compared to what attention it receives now.

NATIONAL TERRITORY
Comparison
The 1935 constitution included a provision defining the national territory as the organization's
fundamental principle. Spain and America, the Philippines' two colonizers, are preparing to
withdraw from the Commonwealth. The government asserted jurisdiction over the country's
boundaries and extent. The word 'national territory' appeared in the 1943 constitution's 'article 1:
Republic of the Philippines,' in which the country asserted sovereignty over the area in which it
is located. The 1973 constitution defined the Philippine territory's scope and boundaries further
by naming the specific territories it encompasses. The 1987 constitution is nearly identical to the
1973 constitutions, with the exception of a few terms that have been replaced with more vivid
ones. Perhaps it established the underlying obligations and rights associated with being in
possession of that property.
Contrast
As stated in the third article of the Paris Treaty, the Philippines context in the 1935 constitution
was the country's transition from the American colonial system to nationhood. However,
validating and establishing authorized agreements and policies is necessary to acquiring
possession of the Philippine Archipelago. The 1943 constitution omitted a provision devoted
entirely to the national territory. The 1973 constitution has expanded in scope and formality,
however it no longer makes reference to colonizers or their association.
BILL OF RIGHTS
Comparison
Individual rights are a collection of political, socioeconomic, civil, and criminal rights that were
largely created by the 1935 constitution. There are 21 enumerated rights in the first section of
Article III, which established the pattern for subsequent constitutions and the structure. Among
the recurrent portions are the following:
“No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.”
“Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.”
“The privacy of communication and the correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful
order of the court or when public safety and order require otherwise.”
“The right to form associations or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be
abridged.”
“No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed”
In the 1943 constitution, the preceding portions of the constitution from 1935 were mostly
preserved. The material and clauses of the 1935 constitution were similar to those of the 1973
constitution. The 1987 Bill of Rights built on the foundation already out in the previous
constitution. Compared to the previous constitution, adopted in 1987, the proposed amendment is
clearer and more liberating.

Contrast
In the 1943 constitution, the placement, the name of the article, and the content of the Bill of
Rights has altered dramatically from the point of view of how citizens are expected to carry out
their responsibilities as citizens as stated in the title.
Some important sections were left out of the 1935 constitution, such as:
"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue upon
probable cause, to be determined by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complaint and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be
searched, and the persons or things to be seized. "
“No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process law.”
“No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.”
The 1973 constitution has 23 sections with a subsection in section 4 which the definitions and
terminologies were improved. In the 1987 constitution, section 7 of the Constitution of 1973 was
omitted, and it reads as follows:
"The right to form associations or societies for purposes not contrary to the law shall not be
abridged," and was altered to “the right of people, including those employed in the public and
private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall
not be abridged.”

CITIZENSHIP
Comparison
Every constitution from 1935 to 1987 has provisions and subsections like these:
“Those who are citizens of the Philippines Islands at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution.”
“Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.”
Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.”
Having a Filipino mother or father as a parent could lead to automatic naturalization and
recognition as a full citizen but in the 1935 constitution it was stated that those whose mothers
are Filipino citizens, they would elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.
Contrast
Other elements have been eliminated from Article 6 in the 1943 constitution, and the
determining factors have been reduced from 5 to 2 only. In the 1973 constitution, the 1935
qualifications framework was brought back, and two additional sections were added to offer
more precise criteria where a female citizen of the Philippines who marries an alien retains her
citizenship, unless by her act or omission she is deemed, under the law, to have renounced her
citizenship. There are five sections in the 1987 constitution's Article 4 in which in section 4 the
mechanism for determining citizenship status when married to an alien is changed from ‘female’
to ‘citizens.’ In contrast, Section 5 states that citizens who have multiple allegiances will be dealt
with by law.