LDP Manual

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
ETHIOPIA
MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND

CONSTRUCTION
URBAN PLANNING, SANITATION AND BEAUTIFICATION

BUREAU
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN MANUAL

(REVISED VERSION)
May 2013
Addis Ababa
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
LIST of Figures.............................................................................................................................................................ii
LIST OF ANNEXES.......................................................................................................................................... II
LIST OF FORMATS......................................................................................................................................... II
ACRONYMS.................................................................................................................................................... III
PART I: BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................. 1
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 BACKGROUND.....................................................................................................................................................2
1.2. LDP IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHIOPIAN URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM...............................................................3
1.3 OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................................................................6
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL..............................................................................................................................6
1.5 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.6 RATIONALE FOR REVISING THE LDP MANUAL...............................................................................................7
1.7 HOW TO USE THE MANUAL......................................................................................................................7
2. REVIEW OF PRACTICES........................................................................................................................... 8
2.1. GENERAL.........................................................................................................................................................8
2.2 INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES............................................................................................................................9
2.3. LDP IN VIEW OF LOCAL PRACTICES- PAST AND RECENT EXPERIENCE....................................................13
3. CONCEPTION, PRINCIPLES, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS............................20
3.1 CONCEPTION AND PRINCIPLES......................................................................................................................20
3.2. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS...........................................................................................24
PART II: THE PROCEDURE MANUAL........................................................................................................ 29
PHASE ONE: INITIATION AND PLANNING PROGRAMME.....................................................................32
PHASE TWO: SITUATION ASSESSMENT / REVIEW................................................................................38
PHASE THREE: PLANNING ISSUES IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION....................................41
PHASE FOUR: SETTING VISION, OBJECTIVES AND GOALS................................................................45
PHASE FIVE: DATA COLLECTION AND COMPILATION.........................................................................51
PHASE SIX: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION..........................................................................55
PHASE SEVEN: PREPARATION OF CONCEPT PLAN.............................................................................59
PHASE EIGHT: DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS..................................................................................61
PHASE NINE: PLAN APPROVAL................................................................................................................ 76
PHASE TEN: IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION....................................................79
10.1. IMPLEMENTATION.......................................................................................................................................79
10.2. MONITORING AND EVALUATION.................................................................................................................81
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................................xlv
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LDP MANUAL (REVISED) MUDC
LIST of Figures
FIGURE 1 A FRAMEWORK OF THE ETHIOPIAN HIERARCHY OF URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM...............................................................5

FIGURE 2: SAMPLE LDP FROM LIDETA SUB-CITY, ADDIS ABABA (REGULATION PLAN).................................................................18
FIGURE 3: INTEGRATION OF KEY ELEMENTS..........................................................................................................................21
FIGURE 4: LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS...............................................................30
Figure 5: Options for Implementation of LDPs.............................................................................................................81
List of Tables
TABLE 1: INTERNAL SITUATION ANALYSIS............................................................................................................................40
Table 2: External Situation Analysis..............................................................................................................................40
List of Annexes
ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE AND FEEDBACK............................................................................................................................. I

ANNEX 2: FORMATS....................................................................................................................................................... VIII
ANNEX 3: SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES............................................................................................................................ XXXIV
Annex 4: Standards......................................................................................................................................................xliv
LIST OF FORMATS
(a) Data Collection and Analysis Formats for small, medium and large towns
(Format 1-8)
FORMAT 1: EXAMPLE OF STAKEHOLDERS IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS IN LDP PROCESS........................................................... VIII
FORMAT 2: DEMOGRAPHIC DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT..................................................................................... IX
FORMAT 3: SOCIAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMATS............................................................................................... X
FORMAT 4: ECONOMIC DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMATS....................................................................................... XIV
FORMAT 5: INSTITUTIONAL INFORMATION COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT....................................................................... XVIII
FORMAT 6: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT:......................................................................... XVIII
FORMAT 7: FINANCIAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT........................................................................................ XVIII
FORMAT 8: PHYSICAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMATS.......................................................................................... XIX
(b) Data Collection and Analysis Formats for cities and metropolitans (Format 9-
19)
FORMAT 9: POPULATION DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMATS...................................................................................... XX
FORMAT 10: ECONOMIC DATA COLLECTION FORMATS......................................................................................................... XXII
FORMAT 11: EXAMPLE OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICAL DATA COLLECTION................................................................. XXIV
FORMAT 12: EXAMPLE OF EXISTING LAND USE DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT........................................................ XXIV
FORMAT 13: HOUSING DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMATS....................................................................................... XXV
FORMAT 14: INSTITUTIONAL INFORMATION DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT........................................................... XXVII
FORMAT 15: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT....................................................................... XXVII
FORMAT 16: FINANCIAL INFORMATION COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS FORMAT......................................................................... XXVIII
FORMAT 17: EXAMPLE OF ACTION PLAN FORMAT............................................................................................................ XXVIII
FORMAT 18: GAPS IDENTIFICATION SAMPLE FROMAT FOR LDP AREA.................................................................................... XXIX
Format 19: LDP Outputs Format..................................................................................................................................xxx
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ACRONYMS
AAWSA = Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority
BAR = Built-up Area Ratio
BWUD = Bureau of Works and Urban Development
CBO = Community Based Organization
CSA = Central Statistical Authority
DECSP = Downtown El Cajon Specific Plan
EEPCO = Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation
EIR = Environmental Impact Report
ES = Environmental Strategy
ETC = Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation
FAR = Floor Area Ratio
FDRE = Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FUPI = Federal Urban Planning Institute
FUPSBB = Federal Urban Planning, Sanitation and Beautification Bureau
HIV/AIDS = Human Immune Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
IDP = Integrated Development Plan
LDP = Local Development Plan
LEDS = Local Economic Development Strategy
LP = Local Plan
MoFA = Ministry of Federal Affairs
MUDC = Ministry of Urban Development and Construction
NGO = Non Governmental Organization
PPP = Public Private Partnership
SA = Sustainability Appraisal
SC = Steering Committee
SDS = Social Development Strategy
SF = Stakeholders’ Forum
SNNPRS = Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State
SP = Structure Plan/Specific Plan
SPP = Specific Plan
SWOT = Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
TC = Technical Committee
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TOR = Terms of Reference
TVET = Technical, Vocational, Education and Training
UD = Urban Design
UURP = Urban Upgrading and Renewal Project
WSA = Water and Sewerage Authority
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PART I: BACKGROUND
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
LDP is a lower level urban plan, which is prepared within the framework of a structure plan for
urban centers having a population size exceeding 20,000. It is detailed and focuses on specific
locality of an urban center for immediate implementation. It is, therefore, an important tool for
implementation of structure plan proposals.
Article 11 of the Urban Planning Proclamation No. 574/2008 of The Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia puts the definition and contents of a local development plan as follows:
1. A local development plan is a legally binding plan depicting medium term, phased and
integrated urban upgrading, renewal and expansion activities of an urban area with the
view to facilitating the implementation of the structure plan by focussing on strategic
areas.
2. A local development plan shall prescribe the functions, development objectives,
implementing bodies, required institutions, local economic dynamism, urban design
principles, concrete standards, spatial framework, budget and time of the implementation
of a structure plan.
3. Any local development plan shall state, as may be appropriate:
a. Zoning of use type, building height and density;
b. Local streets and layout of basic infrastructure;
c. Organization of transport system;
d. Housing typology and neighbourhood organization;
e. Urban renewal, upgrading and reallocation intervention areas;
f. Green areas, open spaces, water bodies, and places that might be utilized for
common benefits; and
g. Any other locally relevant planning issues.
4. A local development plan shall have a detailed implementation scheme which specifies
the institutional setup, resource and regulatory prescriptions needed for the
implementation in a concerned area.
LDP is, therefore, a major tool through which SP is implemented and may have a life span not
exceeding that of the SP.
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The preparation of LDPs in Ethiopia has a very brief history. Moreover, it is limited to few urban
centers. The methodology has been ad-hoc lacking systematized approaches. The approaches,
pursued by the LDPs prepared for various localities in Addis Ababa were not similar due to the
fact that there were no standardized guidelines. This has significantly affected the quality of the
local development plans so far prepared and impeded their effective execution. Evidently, most
of the LDPs prepared for the various localities of Addis Ababa were either left on shelves or
wrongly implemented.
The knowledge gap in the preparation of LDPs in Ethiopian urban centers has necessitated the
preparation of a simplified LDP preparation and implementation Manual. Matheos Consult has
already prepared the Local Development Plan Manual with the then Ministry of Works and
Urban Development as a client in 2006. The need arises to revise this manual for the sake of
incorporating current policy, legal and other related considerations that may arise due to urban
dynamism. Hence, the revised manual is expected to have a significant effect on the quality of
local development plans and improve their effective execution.
In the first part of the revised document general background, concepts of LDP, principles and
strategies that should be applied in the preparation and implementation of LDP have been
stated. The manual has also tried to incorporate international and national practices of LDP
preparation and implementation. In the second part, all the necessary steps and procedures that
should be followed to prepare LDP (starting from initiatory activities through implementation up
to monitoring and evaluation) have been provided in an orderly manner. The third part presents
model formats and standards to be used in the LDP planning process.
1.2. LDP IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHIOPIAN URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM.

An urban system consists of a set of urban centres which are interrelated and interdependent.
No urban centre exists in isolation. It interacts with the hinterland within which it exists and at
the same time with other urban centres around it and beyond, depending on its size and
importance. Urban centres together with the interplay of different forms of relationships among
them, in a specified spatial unit, constitute the urban system of that particular region.
It is argued that efficient regional and urban distribution allows sustainable settlements and
strong urban economies, which are essential for improving infrastructure, education and health,
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living conditions and poverty alleviation. An urban system is planned in the form of a structure
plan for a town/city, thus exhibiting the general framework in terms of socio-economic and
spatial elements. However, the need arises for carrying out a detailed work for a specific area in
the form of a local development plan.
The Ethiopian hierarchy of urban planning system, as is stated under Article 7 of Proclamation
No. 574/2008 and depicted in Fig.1, comprises of considering National Urban Development
Scheme at the apex followed by Regional Urban Development Plan and City Wide Urban Plans
which are again cascaded into local development plans that cater for urban upgrading and
renewal plan, local economic development strategy, environmental strategy and social
development strategy along with various plans such as integrated urban infrastructure and
service plan and urban transport and traffic management plan. The LDPS take on a five year
municipal schedule to be implemented via projects that dwell on the above stated pillars.
4
Fig.1. A Framework of the Ethiopian Hierarchy of Urban Planning

System
Level 1 National Urban Development Scheme
Level 2 Regional Urban Development Plan
Level 3 City Wide Structure Plan
Level 4 Local Development Plan
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1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The main objective of revising the local development plan manual is to incorporate any policy,
legal and related issues into the previous manual vis-à-vis urban dynamism for the sake of
achieving successes in implementation of LDPs.
1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
 To bring about uniformity of procedures among regions for LDP preparation
 To incorporate changes in policy, legal frameworks and other related issues
 To improve the contents of the LDP preparation phases
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL

The main purpose of the revised manual is to ensure uniform preparation of LDPs to bring about
a sound urban development and to fill the observed detailed urban planning knowledge gap in
the sector in the country. Opting for standardized LDP preparation and implementation
approaches and procedures in one simplified document is to be desired. Hence, the manual will
serve its purpose as an easy reference for municipal, urban development and consulting
practitioners.
Therefore, this Manual will be a “living” document, to be updated by Urban Planning, Sanitation
and Beautification Bureau (UPSBB) of the Ministry of Urban Development and Construction
based upon lessons learned from practice.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
The methodology adopted to conduct the manual revision focused on gathering information
from direct and indirect sources as listed below:
 Administering questionnaire to relevant officials of the Regions’ Industry and Urban
Development Bureaux, regional urban planning units, higher institutes, urban
planning and development planning consultants, urban plan professional
associations, municipalities and towns’ administrations has been used by way of
generating primary data. The questionnaire and detailed checklist prepared have
been attached in annex I. Field observation has also been taken into consideration.
 Available printed and non-printed relevant materials had been reviewed especially to
derive lessons from international and national experiences on the issues under
consideration. The materials reviewed include planning books, laws, regulations,
policies, study documents, website documents, etc.
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 Conducting discussions with municipal staff, concerned sector offices, infrastructure
providers, investors and other stakeholders has been employed by way of laying an
emphasis on participation.
 Conducting analysis, compiling of reports and in-house discussion to gather further
inputs through comments and submitting reports to the concerned bodies has also
been used.
1.6 RATIONALE FOR REVISING THE LDP MANUAL

The LDP Manual is the first of its kind in Ethiopia and as such was prepared by a consultant
with the aim of being used by regional and urban planners. The manual had to pass a short
period of time as far as its usage goes. The rationale for its revision emanates from the following
considerations:
 Urban dynamism has got its own link to changes in policy and legal aspects and this
calls for compliance to any changes that may arise;
 Inclusion of current practices in LDP both at regional, continental and global levels has
become a matter of concern for better achievement; and
 Missing elements in terms of hierarchy of LDP, activity, required time, responsible body
and deliverables have been traced in the previous manual and the need has risen for
their consideration.
1.7 HOW TO USE THE MANUAL

The revised manual is meant to serve urban professionals working at all levels of urban centres.
A clear understanding of concepts, principles, strategies and standards should prevail before
embarking on the preparation of LDP.
In using the manual, urban professionals are highly advised to seriously examine their local
conditions and adapt some of the prescriptions stated in the manual to their contexts. All
activities and actions stated in the manual are not necessarily mandatory to every urban
context. This, however, doesn’t mean that most of the activities and actions stated in the manual
are not useful to all conditions; and therefore they should be strictly followed for successful LDP
preparation and implementation.
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2. REVIEW OF PRACTICES
2.1. GENERAL
All over the world, urban areas are always operating under a pressure of continuous changes.
As economic and social fabrics of urban areas constantly change over time, importance and
spatial organization of urban functions are also undergoing similar changes. Along the course of
this constant change, City Governments make various efforts to influence, guide and lead the
development of urban centres along a sustainable path. To this end, different urban plans are
used widely as tools of urban management and become part and parcel of their day–to–day
management routings.
Ethiopia is not only least urbanized but also most urban centers in the country are
predominantly unplanned. A naked eye observation on current urban morphologies suffices to
retrace the minimal role of planning in the Ethiopian urbanization process. This predominance of
unplanned development in Ethiopian urbanization poses a substantial need for re-planning in all
urban centers of the country. The re-planning involves an extensive land-use readjustment,
fundamental reorganization of infrastructure networks as well as revitalizing run down urban
fabrics. In this respect, LDPs play key roles, since wholesale interventions are both unfeasible
and unadvisable in built up urban areas.
Depending on local contexts and planning systems in place, different planning approaches are
pursued in different cities/towns. For instance, in some cities, broad development goals are
framed by long-term urban plans, while specific development issues are governed by detail
urban planning norms & standards. In other cases, different plans with varied levels and
hierarchies are used together in such a way that one complements the other.
These days, in most cities of the world, three major planning hierarchies, in a top-down
hierarchy, are distinguished:
 a city-wide long term urban plan (master plan, development plan, structure plan, etc);
 a city-wide medium term strategic/integrated development plan; and,
 a local development plan (plan that refers to a specific geographic location).
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2.2 INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES
2.2.1 U.S.A. Experience
In U.S.A. Specific Plan (SPP) of an urban area consists of different urban plans, policy
statements & regulations pertaining to development of that particular urban area and ensures
the integration between individual development proposals and broad development goals set in a
general development plan of a city/town 1. The physical plan component of the SPP
diagrammatically depicts detail land-use plans, right-of-way of infrastructure networks and public
spaces to be protected, while details of development programs, regulations & policy provisions,
implementation strategies and public work finances are presented in the text component of the
SPP.
In U.S.A. local development planning is still known as specific plan (SPP). According to a
document, sourced from an internet download, the experience of the City of El Cajon 2 has
demonstrated the usefulness of a specific plan to develop downtown under a known
Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the proposed Downtown El Cajon Specific Plan program
as (DECSP). The DECSP project area covers approximately 541 acres within the 1,548 acre
downtown El Cajon Redevelopment Project Area, bordered generally by Interstate 8 (1-8) on
the west and north, Lexington Avenue on the south, and Lincoln Avenue on the east.
As far as participation goes, public agencies and the public are invited to comment on the
proposed scope and content of the environmental information to be included in the EIR. A 45-
day comment period is provided to return written comments to the City of El Cajon.
The proposed 541 acre DECSP thus encompasses a larger area of downtown than the existing
SP 182, and includes updated development standard and design guidelines to “improve the
economic health of the city through revitalization of the downtown.” The DECSP is based on
smart growth planning principles, whereby future city growth would be concentrated in the city
centre, as opposed to outlying areas; the populated city centre would be linked to viable transit
and other mobility (biking, walking) networks; city residents would be given opportunities to
participate in the local economy, and a sense of community identity would be created through
development of district neighbourhoods.
-------
1
(Eisner, et al, 1993)
2
Notice of Preparation of Environmental Impact Report – Downtown El Cajon Specific Plan City of El Cajon
9
The proposed DECSP is divided into five planning districts each with a distinct theme and
redevelopment strategy. The DECSP districts include: Historic Heart of the city District, Transit
and Business District, Lifetime Learning District, Marketplace District, and Community
Recreation District.
Proposed allowable building heights would range from three to five stories in the pedestrian
retail areas, three to seven stories in other commercial areas, up to ten stories in civic areas,
and three to seven stories in designated residential areas. Building heights abutting existing
residential neighbourhoods outside the DECSP area would be limited to three to four stories.
Topics to be analyzed in the EIR include: land use and planning; aesthetics/ urban design;
transportation, circulation and access; noise; air quality; hydrology; water quality; geology and
soils; cultural and paleonthological resources; public services and utilities; population and
housing; hazardous materials; cumulative impacts; project alternatives; and other required
considerations.
The EIR will address two main land use issues relative to the DECSP and Rea Avenue Project;
compatibility with existing land uses; and conformance with local and regional land use plans,
policies, and regulations.
2.2.2 European Experience
i) United Kingdom
The local development plan experience in U.K. has been presented based on the experience of
Carlow County Council’s Local Area Plan 3. The Council prepares Local Area Plan in respect of
any area which requires economic, physical and social renewal. The plan has a maximum
duration of six years. The Local Area Plan shall be consistent with the objectives of the
Development Plan of the County. This plan, as is portrayed by a document searched from
internet, is the most recent one, i.e. in 2010. The document takes Rathvilly as an urban
settlement where 800 people live in where a number of established industries and businesses
are found. The Local Area Plan has been portrayed to make its focus on the following issues:
Public Consultation/Strategic Issues; Framework; Development Strategy;
Population/Employment Profile; Residual Land Analysis and future land requirement; Urban
------
3
Draft Rathvilly Local Area Plan, 2010
10
Form, structure and residential development; Transportation and traffic management; Retail
requirements; Community facilities, recreation and amenity; Historic buildings and structures;
Infrastructure and environment; Likely significant effects of implementing the plan; Land Use
Zones and uses; and Country Development Board strategy.
iii) Germany
In Germany Local Development Plan (LDP) presents detail spatial plan of an urban area
designated for a specific development program. The urban plan is supplemented with
implementation strategies which outline the development proposals, policy statements, financial
and institutional frameworks in detail regarding development of that particular urban area.
2.2.3 African Experience
i) Uganda
In Kampala (Uganda) the experience may serve as good reference to see the variety of
approaches in LDPs. For instance, in Kampala, LDP is referred to as Zonal Plan and prepared at
Parish level4. The Kampala Zonal plans provide a framework for development of urban
components relevant to Parish and are composed of detail land-use plans and written
provisions. The written provisions of Kampala Zonal Plans constitute a legal code governing the
administration and enforcement of the plan.
ii) South Africa

In Durban, local plans are developed in two phases; first, the spatial development framework
designed in a way that contains:
 The key spatial characteristics, trends and issues; and
 The key spatial elements and policy guidelines to be considered in future
development of an urban area with spatial development parameters, norms &
standards.
As the process of developing the spatial development framework is completed, the second
phase, which is the process of developing implementation strategies and action plans, follows.
Here it seems important to note that, in Durban, the actions considered in local plan of a locality
are to be prioritized before the process of detail plan preparation commences. Moreover, in
planning system of Durban, LDPs are linked with municipal budgets of the metropolitan
government.
--------------
4
Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Lands, Housing & Physical Planning (1994), The Kampala Structure Plan: Prepared by John van Nostrand Associations Ltd., Kampala,
Uganda
11
iii) Tanzania
Since 1999, the Dar-es-Salaam City has made a paradigm shift in its urban planning from
Master Planning to a Strategic Urban Development Framework 5. According to the Dar-es-
Salaam urban planning system, two city-level binding urban plans are distinguished; i.e.
 Strategic Urban Development Framework and
 Strategic Development Action Plans (Issues).
The Strategic Urban Development Framework provides broad development goals and long term
strategic development frameworks, while the key development issues that need to be
addressed during a specific planning period are spelt out in Strategic Development Action
Plans. On the other hand, citywide strategic plans can hardly be implemented without detail
local development plans. In Dar es Salaam, the task of preparing such detail local plans is left
for the discretion of local governments just to give sufficient rooms for flexibilities. Indeed, local
plans prepared by local governments should be in congruence with citywide development
frameworks.
Key Lessons
The following lessons can be drawn from experiences of cities discussed above:
 Implementation of citywide urban development plans are unlikely without their
complement of detail local development plans;
 Local plans should contain both proposed plans and policy statements (legal provisions)
which are required to enforce implementation of plans;
 LDPs comprise of strategies to implement the plan apart from other land use aspects;
 The role of local urban actors is crucial in the preparation and implementation processes
of LDPs;
 The idea of local development plans can apply to small towns as well;
 Local development plan preparation puts participation as a crucial element whereby
community representatives and even members of a community have a strong say in the
planning process, even through writing apart from attendance; and
 Downtown redevelopment takes care of even hazardous materials as part and parcel of
the Environmental Impact Report that considers a number of urban issues and ensures
updating of development of standards and design guidelines to bring about improvement
in the economic health of a city through revitalization of the downtown.
-----------
5
Strategic Urban Development Planning Framework for the city of Dar es Salaam
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2.3. LDP IN VIEW OF LOCAL PRACTICES- PAST AND RECENT EXPERIENCE
2.3.1 Past Experiences
The practice of LDP evolved as distinct planning component during the Addis Ababa Master
Plan Revision process (1998–2002). Since then, this planning component has been considered
as an important planning tool and is practiced in few urban centers, namely, Addis Ababa,
Adama, Dessie, Dire Dawa and Mekele.
Indeed prior to revision of the Addis Ababa Master Plan, efforts were made to prepare detail
plans for area developments as planning tools for implementation of former master plans. For
instance, following the completion of the 1986 Addis Ababa Master Plan, detail plans were
prepared for different districts. Greater Mekanisa District Detail Plan, Keranio District Detail Plan
and Gerji Detail Plan and Megenagna Ketena Center Plans are some of these detail plans.
Apart from these, various regional bureaux and municipalities, in collaboration with the then
NUPI, now Urban Planning, Sanitation and Beautification Bureau (UPSBB), have made similar
efforts to develop detail implementation plans for different towns, among which, detail plans of
Axum, are worth mentioning.
The introduction of detail urban planning concept and practice in the 1986 Addis Ababa Master
Plan has made a significant contribution towards the evolution of LDP in the Ethiopian urban
planning system. Recognition of ‘District Plan’ and ‘Detail Plan’ as distinct component of the City
Master Plan has also facilitated development of planned neighbourhoods in the Capital. The
developments of Mekanissa, Keraniyo, Lafto and Kotebe expansion areas as well as renewal of
Kazanchis area are worth mentioning.
13
Types of Implementation Plans Prepared in line with the 1986 Addis Ababa
Master Plan
District Plan:
A diagrammatic view of the area showing the main relations between areas with surroundings and
with the whole urban system in general at the scale of 1:1000 and 1:2000 and a written statement
about the plan and its conformity with the master plan.
Subject Plan:
It contains a detailed treatment of particular/ specific planning aspects in the urban area. i.e. quarry
site, historical building, etc.
Action Area Plan:

The action area plan will accompany the implementation program; it deals with actions that can be
realistically undertaken in specific time span, e.g. plan for new development, plan for urban renewal
and upgrading, etc.
Drawbacks of the Detail Plans of Greater Mekanisa, Keranyo and Gerji Districts
 These local plans were largely spatial/physical with little focus on socio-economic,
institutional, financial and legal issues which were not adequately assessed.
 Apart from this, earlier area development plans were predominantly project-based
(construction of road network, development of settlement or industrial estates), which
were drafted directly from general development/master plan of a city/town.
 Since these district plans were not accompanied by the necessary implementation
strategies, their subsequent implementations were haphazard and suffered from
absence of basic urban facilities. As a result, significant number of residents is left
without access to water, electricity and road connection.
Cognizant of this very fact, Office for the Revision of Addis Ababa Master Plan Project
(ORAAMP) came up with a new framework for LDP which rectifies major drawbacks of the
former detail planning approaches. As a result, LDPs introduced in Addis Ababa after revision of
the City Master Plan are quite different in scope and content from the detail area plans practiced
earlier. In the recent LDPs, detail spatial plans, major proposals of socio-economic
development, the necessary implementation instruments (financial, institutional, and legal) and
strategies are provided. Apart from this, social, economic, environmental and financial
consequences of the LDPs are presented together with proposals of coping strategies. The
major approaches pursued in LDP preparation in Addis Ababa are summarized hereunder.
Initiation: In principle initiation for preparation of LDP for a specific area could come either from
government, private investor or from the community. In the case of Addis Ababa, however, so far
14
LDPs had been prepared largely based on the City Government initiatives. In this respect, the
revised structure plan of the City clearly states that if one of the following conditions is fulfilled,
LDP could be prepared for a portion of the city:
 Problem pressure: deterioration of social, economic and physical fabrics;
 Development pressure: major investment proposals in pipeline;
 Strategic Location: Potential to trigger further development; and
 Ease of implementation: availability of adequate infrastructure services
Vision: International experiences strongly suggest that LDP visioning should be done with
strong stakeholders’ participation. In line with this belief, efforts were made to involve relevant
stakeholders in visioning process of earlier LDPs. The visioning processes of Mercato and
Piaza are worth noting in this regard.
Goal setting: The goal depends on the area where LDPs are prepared, i.e. business area,
industrial area, and residential area. The problems and opportunities identified through
assessment help as cornerstones for developing LDP goals. In addition to these, major
development directions provided in the structure plan served to refine the goals. The overall
goal of LDP is given from the City Government, and then planners translate these general
directions into workable goal.
Conceptual Framework: Visioning is usually followed by development of conceptual

framework. The concepts are mainly translated and presented in spatial forms. Indeed, though
spatial alternatives are emphasized in LDP concepts, general ideas regarding forthcoming
socio-economic developments are also embodied. Furthermore, the concept plan explains the
merits and demerits of different alternatives and provides a rough cost-benefit analysis to
enhance informed decisions.
Approval: Few of the earlier LDPs prepared by ORAAMP were endorsed by the then BWUD.
Though the City Government planning law requires formal approval of LDPs by the council
before they proceed into implementation process, none of the LDPs prepared in the city so far
received a formal approval of the council, but almost all entered into implementation.
Implementation: In Addis Ababa, the spatial detail of LDPs doesn’t go beyond block levels.
This is so mainly because implementation of LDPs was assumed to start with the City
Government’s proactive development measures in LDP areas by implementing proposed public
works at block levels (particularly infrastructure networks) whereas private investments were
15
assumed to follow thereof. However, such public\ development measures were seldom in Addis
Ababa since LDPs have been introduced. As a result, private investments couldn’t take place as
desired and envisaged in the LDPs.
2.3.2 Recent Experience
The 5 years (2010/11-2014/15) Growth and Transformation Plan urban component, approved
and ratified by The Council of Peoples’ Representatives of The Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia in December 2010, states various macro-economic issues ensuring food security,
initiation of industrial-led economy at the end of the planning period, infrastructure with regard to
road and railway, energy and domestic production of large scale construction material.
Moreover, it envisages Small Towns’ Development Program targeted at small towns with
population less than 20,000 as was revealed in Pillar No. 4 of PASDEP. The implication is that
these small towns need urgent LDPs to enhance their programs and projects.
Dwelling on recent experience in local development practice has been found to be important as
a result of changes in urban development fabrics. In association to this it has been stated under
Articles 40, 41 and 42 of Proclamation No. 574/2008 to provide for Scope of Redevelopment,
Urban Renewal and Urban Upgrading as follows:
Article 40: Scope of Redevelopment
1. Urban redevelopment shall, under this Proclamation, encompass urban renewal,
upgrading and land reallocation with the view to alleviating urban problems, improving
living standards and bringing about urban dynamism and efficient land utilization.
2. Urban centers shall be redeveloped and revitalized on the basis of the prescriptions of
the structure and local development plans with the initiation of their respective
administration, inhabitants or developers.
Article 41: Urban Renewal
Urban renewal shall, pursuant to this Proclamation, be construed as an undertaking
aimed at improving the living and working environment in an urban center through fully
or partly removing dilapidated, blighted or derelict structure in an urban center.
Article 43: Urban Upgrading
Urban upgrading shall, pursuant to this Proclamation, consist in an improvement of the
living and working environment of slum areas by maintaining and partially removing of
structures and through the provision of infrastructures and amenities.
16
Hence, the LDP Manual Revision Team, formed by Urban Planning, Sanitation and
Beautification Bureau (UPSBB) gathered information from Lideta 6 and Yeka Sub-districts
regarding UURP (urban upgrading and renewal project) to which the former disclosed that LDP
preparation lacks reliable socio-economic data which eventually lead to some difficulties during
implementation.
Lack of experienced urban professionals coupled with financial and material supply shortages
has also been identified by Lideta Sub-city as a constraint to LDP implementation. The LDP
manual that has already been distributed to the sub-cities by the Addis Ababa Urban Plan
Institute has been found to be useful during LDP preparation and implementation, but with
remarks forwarded regarding the procedural part as demanding further intervention to be brief
enough to permit an efficient practical aspect during implementation at a city level despite the
usefulness of the current manual setting. On the other hand, the Yeka Sub-city has been found
to take on LDP preparation with young urban planners seen right on the job, but with little
information to gather regarding past experience to which there was no one available to release
appropriate information. The LDP manual has already been welcomed by the sub-city and has
been found to be a useful working material to adhere to.
-------
6
Lideta and Yeka Sub-districts, July 2010, Addis Ababa
17
Fig 2: Sample LDP Akaki Kality Sub-city, Addis Ababa (Land use plan)
Source: Addis Ababa urban planning institute
Lessons Learned
The following lessons can be drawn from local experiences:
 It was clearly observed that without active community and stakeholders’ participation
from plan initiation through planning and implementation, one would see the plan
remain inactive or face strong opposition from the community under consideration.
 Most of the LDPs so far prepared had focused more on spatial and physical planning
particularly in their implementation phase. This has led to little socio-economic and
governance improvements of the localities under consideration. Therefore, the socio-
economic aspects of the area under consideration should get equal attention to fill
the gap so far observed.
 The need to clarify roles of various actors in the implementation of LDPs is crucial.
One of the main factors that contribute to the failure of LDP implementation is the
missing of a specific actor or a responsible body for each proposal.
 The missing link between LDP proposals and city government qualified personnel,
material availability, budget or absence of viable financial strategies for
implementation are some of the key challenges.
 LDPs should get formal approval before implementation process commences.
18
3. CONCEPTION, PRINCIPLES, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND
CONSIDERATIONS
3.1 CONCEPTION AND PRINCIPLES
3.1.1. Key Issues and Concepts
LDP is a detail development plan of a defined locality. It is a statutory instrument that zooms out
the general and broader proposals of a structure plan of an urban centre. It serves as a
transition between a structure plan and projects in the process of implementation of urban
plans.
LDP contains a set of spatial, economic, social and environmental development proposals as
well as implementation strategies, policy statements and regulations regarding development of
designated urban area. Accordingly, the restraining and reinforcing impacts of these factors
should be analyzed properly and thereby taken as input in the process of LDP development.
As it is stated earlier, LDP is an element and integral part of an urban planning system of an
urban centre. System of urban planning refers to a set of policies, laws, statutory plans, norms
and standards as well as institutional and financial frameworks placed in a particular urban
center for preparation, approval, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of urban plans.
The key elements of LDP include, detail land-use plan of the area (two and three dimensional);
proposals of major infrastructure networks; proposals of key socio-economic measures;
implementation strategies; regulations; standards & norms. The integration of these elements
can be illustrated in figure. 3.
Hence, if LDP is to fit into such a system, it needs to be linked with other urban planning
components in the system. LDP of a given locality of a town should stem, first of all, from the
town structure plan, and needs to fit into existing urban planning and development policies, laws
and regulations (both federal and regional) and be linked and integrated with other development
programs and strategies set by government of the respective town.
19
Figure 1: Integration of key elements
Social & Physical &

Economic Spatial Infrastructure & Demographic Environmental
Issues Issues Transport Issues Issues Issues
LDP
Proposal of Proposals of Financial

Proposal Socio- Spatial, Policy and Proposals
of Major economic Physical and Implementation Legal
Infrastruct Aspects Environmental Strategy Standards
ure Issues
Note; other issues also included in the study depending on the local context of the city.
A local plan deals with local issues (physical, social, economic), which refers to a definite spatial
unit whose boundary may or may not coincide with the formal administrative boundary. The size
or geographical limit of an area to be covered in LDP can vary from one case to another
depending on the level and complexity of the urban center. In this regard, it seems important to
note that the size of a geographical unit to be covered in an LDP would be wider in urban
centers with less complex urban set ups than in cities or large towns where local issues are
more complex.
The content of LDPs needs to cover physical, economic and social fabrics of an urban area.
The scope of the plan should also include a brief presentation of existing situation, development
proposals for the area in question, implementation strategies for the proposed development
actions, mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the implementation process
.3.1.2 Why do we need LDP?

The purpose of LDP is to ensure that the local plan is environmentally sound, and to bring together
evidence and to consider the long-term implications of strategy options and policies for sustainable
20
development through sustainability appraisal (SA) 7 in order to ensure needs of the local community
are all focussing on land use decisions which must be enshrined by the principles of the following
issues:
 Spatial/environmental
o Environmental justice: putting people at the heart of decision making,
reducing social inequality by upholding environmental justice;
o Environmental limits: ensuring that resources are not irrevocably exhausted
or the environment irreversibly damaged;
o Resource conservation: ensuring that planning decisions assist in the

prudent and sustainable use of finite natural resources;
o The polluter pays: ensuring that those who emit pollutants cover the full
environmental, social and economic costs;
o Detail out and bring the SP proposals down to earth;
o Harmonize the SP proposals with realities on the ground; and

o Define & specify spatial dimensions of different urban elements such as road
network, land-uses, and greenery.
 Economic
o Provide alternatives for optimal use of scarce resources;
o Enhance mobilization of local development capacity/potential.
 Social
o Provide alternatives for developing the area with minimum social disruption
3.1.3 Key Principles
The LDPs involve mainly the identification of what is achieved vis-à-vis what is envisaged. In
other words, it will help to know the degree to which an appropriate LDP has been prepared and
is utilized for promoting the development of the urban centre. This can be effective provided that
the following key principles are considered:
-----------------------------
7
Sustainability appraisal means an act of maintaining economic development within acceptable levels of global resource depletion
and environmental pollution
21
Transparency: The preparation and implementation of LDPs should be conducted in a
transparent way vis-à-vis the concerned staff of the administration of urban centres and other
stakeholders. All stakeholders should get enough information with regard to LDP; every
procedure should be open to stakeholders, i.e., right to get/know how every activity is being
carried out.
Strategic: There should be focus on measuring the preparation and the implementation of the
LDP as to how much it has addressed the main problems of the community, the urban centre
and their surrounding areas focusing on strategic potential area of the urban center by
addressing mainly the problem of locality specifically and the entire city as a whole.
Integrated Plan: Since LDP is an integral part of a city/town urban planning system, it needs to
fit into the overall development vision, goals, strategies and development programs of that
particular city/town. LDP is not an isolated issue that stands alone; rather it forms an integral
part of the urban system that exists in a specific urban centre. LDP of an area is required to fit
into the overall development vision, strategies and development plans of that particular urban
centre as a whole. For instance, infrastructure networks or development projects in a specific
LDP area need to be integrated with citywide networks or development programs. Moreover,
different components of LDP proposals (physical, economic, social, financial and institutional,
etc) should be integrated with each other and designed in a holistic way. LDP study should be
integrated with the neighbouring LDPs.
Participatory Planning: The other important principle that deserves due emphasis in LDP
preparation is participatory planning approach, which lays down a strong foundation for its
implementation. Participation of relevant stakeholders is vital at different steps where critical
decisions are made (for instance, at a time when local development agenda are defined, while
LDP proposals are developed, and when the LDP is approved). In the process, sector
departments within the municipality that have a stake in implementing the plan, local
communities who would be affected by implementation of the LDP, potential private developers
who would have strong interest in LDP implementation, donors, professionals and policy makers
have to take part.
Plan for Performance: LDP is more than a statutory plan. It is expected to bring the overall
development goals and strategies of structure plan closer to concrete development
programs/projects. To this effect, LDPs need to be linked firmly with municipal budgets as well
as with concrete development programs/projects of a municipal government. A well-defined
implementation strategy is thus not an option but rather a critical element of LDPs.
22
Sustainability: LDPs should be perceived and fit into national, regional and local contexts
properly so as to be sustainable. Further, LDPs are supposed to respond both to future and
current development needs of a locality, thus, striking the right balance between the two.
Moreover, proposals of a LDP have to be visible within the context of local capacities (financial,
technical, institutional and local economy) for effectiveness of implementation.
Accommodative Plan: Proposals of LDPs should accommodate needs and interests of local
communities as well as the existing local urban functions and characters. Proposals that
completely presuppose new urban fabrics in lieu of existing local urban functions could hardly
succeed, mainly due to the huge social and economic costs.
3.2. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS
3.2.1 General Provisions
In general, the provisions presented hereunder are general guides that can be considered and
adopted in LDP planning & implementation processes. As such, the provisions should not be
considered as prescription of compulsory applications regardless of contextual variations.
Regardless of diversities and specificities in character and contexts of urban centres in the
country, physical standards, planning procedures and techniques are common for all urban
levels. Depending on location and specific character of LDP site, different approaches can be
followed in different project sites or urban areas. i. e.
 Detail of LDP study can go deep into the level of detail implementation plan in expansion
areas or where the LDP is prepared for implementation projects. In this situation, the
LDP would proceed directly into implementation process with no need for further detail
study.
 Since specific projects and detail plans are required for implementation of LDPs in inner
city areas, block level LDPs suffice in built up inner city areas.
 For Small Towns, the LDP and the basic plan may coincide. There may not be a need to
prepare separate SP and LDP as long as the SP for small towns (Basic Plan) is detailed
enough for easy implementation as per the provision of Pillar No. 4 of PASDEP.
Factors that obstruct implementation of LDPs should be minimized as much as possible.

 LDP Area Coverage: the main purpose of LDP is to pave the way for implementation of
citywide structure plans. Thus, it does not make sense to prepare LDP for the whole city
23
at a time; rather priority should be given for strategic locations where prompt
development is likely to happen.
 Administrative Boundary: Unless good planning reasons dictate, it is better to take
LDP site that falls within one administrative boundary (Sub-city or Kebele) and that
includes existing socio-economic networks such as Iddir, Ekub, market place, etc, for
ease of planning and implementation process.
 Physical Barriers: In LDP area delineation, avoid LDP site intercepted by major
physical barriers such as trunk roads, mountains, gorges, etc.
 General Land use Considerations: In terms of general land use considerations it is

recommended to specify only prohibited land-uses. This would allow possibilities to
consider alternative functions in case the proposed urban function fails to come.
Basic Urban Design Elements: The ultimate goal of LDP and its subsequent implementation is
to create an urban form that defines the living pattern of dwellers. . Therefore, the preparation of
LDP should consider urban design study for at least one selected strategic site. The elements of
urban design are mainly listed here:
 Building
 Public Spaces
 Streets
 Transport, Related Facilities and
 Landscape etc
Public Participation: Full participation of stakeholders in planning process of LDPs paves the
way for effective implementation, since it enhances sense of ownership among key
stakeholders and provides opportunities to capture the interest of the community at large.
However, participation of stakeholders should go beyond formalities; rather it should provide
stakeholders with opportunities to influence decisions in favour of their future. Articles 13, 16
and 20 of Proclamation 574/2008 lay an emphasis on plan initiation, approval and power to
implement, respectively, thus adhering to participation in different planning phases.
Scope of LDP Study: The scope of LDP study needs to cover both the ‘Planning Area and
Action Area’, with different levels of details.
24
Spatial Scope: The spatial LDP study area depends on the urban complexity and the area may
be defined based on the local context as depicted by the following table:
Area Coverage in
Zone
Hectares
1.Inner City 10-50
2.Intermediate 50-75
3.Expansion 75-125
 Planning Area: The major physical, social, economic and environmental links that
exist between the LDP ‘action area’ and its surrounding influence areas should be
viewed and analyzed in general terms. This will help to determine how development of
the action area is to be connected and harmonized with its immediate influence areas.
 Action area: This is the area where concrete LDP implementation is supposed to
occur. Both the study and ensuing proposals need to be detail and specific as much as
possible.
Integration of LDPs with other Development Programs: As discussed earlier, LDP is one
element in a given urban planning system which needs to be designed in a way that
complements other development strategies and be implemented in conjunction with other
development programs underway at national, regional and city levels. In this respect, LDPs
should establish a strong link with city wide structure/development plans, sector development
programs and other development strategies carried at all levels of the government hierarchy
(national, regional, local).
 Structure Plan: The major development frameworks and goals provided in a city
wide structure plan have to be well taken in LDPs; i.e. LDPs should not disregard the
key frameworks of a structure plan and generate proposals that contravene with
overall visions of city wide structure plans.
 Urban Development Strategies: One of the main purposes of detail plans, such as
LDPs, is to translate national, regional and citywide urban development strategies
into reality. Accordingly, proposals of LDPs should adequately capture government
development agendas relevant to the city/town in which the LDPs are prepared. For
instance, promotion of SMEs and low cost houses provision can be emphasized, in
this regard.
25
3.2.2 Revising LDPs
To revise LDP, a timely readjustment is required in a way that catches up with the changing
urban dynamics. Hence, LDP revision is mandatory when some of the following conditions are
apparent:
 If the major assumptions of LDP have changed;

 If the proposed land uses are no longer relevant due to too much changes on the
ground;
 If there are lots of questions from the public.
3.2.3 Urban Level Classifications
Level of LDP details, type of urban planning standards to be applied as well as type and
contents of urban data to be collected vary among different levels of urban centres. Accordingly,
to facilitate this process, five levels of urban centres are distinguished based on population size
as follows:
Urban Level Implementation
Population Type of Plan
Classification Plan
Small Towns 2001 to 20,000 Basic Plan Basic Plan
Medium Towns 20,001-50,000 SP LDP, UD
Large Towns 50,001 – 100,000 SP LDP, UD
Cities 100,001– SP LDP, UD
1,000,000
Metropolitans over one million SP LDP, UD
3.2.4 Data Collection and Analysis Considerations
The Need for Data Collection: Since LDPs are plans that translate broader goals and
strategies of a structure plan into localized and concrete development proposals, collection and
analysis of information are also localized and more concrete. Collection of basic data on
different urban fabrics of the area provides the factual basis of LDPs.
Data Types and Sources: Depending on the level of the specific urban centre, the detail of
LDP can vary from one case to another. Since the degree of urban complexities in large cities
necessitate further specific projects for implementation, the level of LDP details may not go
26
beyond block levels. General data obtained from secondary sources may suffice for preparation
of LDPs in large towns of grade 2 and above. But this doesn’t refer to LDP of expansion areas,
because in expansion areas, the detail of LDPs should go as far as the level of parcellation
where primary data are vital.
LDPs in small towns under grade 2 should be detailed enough for implementation. For this
reason, the data collection is required to be at household and firm level. Information on the
Structure Plan of the urban centre is the point of departure. In this respect, zoning/land use
plan, road network plan, service plan, etc suggested for that specific locality need due
emphasis.
Data Analysis: Data collected from different sources can be analysed using elementary or
medium level statistical techniques such as measures of central tendency (mean, median,
mode), measures of dispersion (variance, standard deviation), trend analysis (for time series
data), graphical or tabular presentations (bar graph, line graph), etc. This will make informed
development choices possible, while proposals derived from informed decisions are close to the
reality.
Minimum Institutional Requirement: As any other urban plans, effectiveness and

sustainability of LDPs call for the existence of specific government agency responsible for
issues of urban planning in a given urban centre; but this doesn’t mean that such institutional
set up is feasible at all levels of urban centres, or all municipal governments need to have their
own force to undertake LDPs. In this regard, outsourcing or supports from regional governments
could be considered as alternative options. However, consideration for such institutional options
doesn’t necessarily rule out the requirement for LDPs implementation capacity in urban centres
at all levels. Accordingly, existence of a planning unit is a minimum requirement for considering
LDP in a given urban centre.
27
PART II: THE PROCEDURE MANUAL
28
Figure 2: Local Development Plan Preparation and Implementation Process
Initiation and Planning

Programme
Situation Assessment
Planning Issue Identification

and Prioritization
Setting Vision, Goals and

Objectives
Data Collection and

Compilation
Data Analysis and

Interpretation
Preparation of Conceptual
Plan
Development of Proposals
Plan Approval
Implementation, Monitoring
and Evaluation
Feedback and Revision
29
INTRODUCTION
The previous part of this manual gives the background, concepts, principles, standards
and considerations within which to apply the manual. This part of the manual gives a
road map that guides users through ten sub-processes of planning, each phase broken
down into purpose, major tasks and the tasks into detailed activities and actions and
deliverables (outputs). Each task is followed by ‘Tips’ (to expose approaches and
examples how to do the task).
The ten planning phases are:

1. Initiation and Planning Programme
2. Situation Assessment / Review
3. Planning Issues Identification and Prioritization
4. Setting Vision, Objectives and Goals
5. Data Collection and Compilation
6. Data Analysis and Interpretation
7. Preparation of Concept Plan
8. Development of Proposals
9. Plan Approval
10. Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
At the beginning of each phase major tasks, expected deliverables, responsible body,
time requirement and key check up questions have been included. This will enable the
involved planners to monitor and evaluate each planning phases and check whether that
particular phase has met its objectives before proceeding to the next phase.
Here it seems important to note that the width and breadth of preparatory works in this
regard depends on complexity of the urban systems in a particular city/town. Bearing this
in mind, the following steps are aimed to provide a general applicable sequence for the
process of preparing LDP.
30
PHASE ONE: INITIATION AND PLANNING PROGRAMME

This phase is the beginning stage for LDP preparation. It is important to note that all
preconditions should be fulfilled here. Wheteher there is a need for the plan and level of
importance for the locality/city are the important considerations under the topic.General
consensus should be reached among the key actors.
The purpose of phase one is to:
 Make the key decision-makers and actors aware of the necessary

preparations that need to be made prior to commencement of the project; and
 Identify the major prerequisites that are essential for the project and should
be met before the actual planning activities and expectations by the end of
LDP preparation.
MAJOR TASKS
Task 1.1: Initiation and awareness creation;

Task 1.2: Preparation and approval of planning programme;
Task 1.3: Procurement of project logistics & human resources; and
Task 1.4: Develop operational /action plan.
MAJOR DELIVERABLES / OUT PUTS
1. LDP initiative document;
2. Organized stakeholders;
3. Minutes of memorandum of understanding;
4. Defined local development agenda;
5. Approved TOR;
6. Approved project structure and budget;
7. Bidding result;
8. Detail Operational Plan; and
9. Organized project management body
31
RESPONSIBLE BODY
 Municipality/Regional Industry and Urban Development Bureau
 Team leader or Project Coordinator.
KEY CHECK-UP QUESTIONS
1. Are higher officials and stakeholders well addressed?

2. Has public awareness been made accordingly?
3. Are objectives of the plan set accordingly?
4. Is scope of the plan clearly indicated?
5. Has the political will been well taken care of?
6. Has the TOR approval scheme been comprehensive enough?
7. Is the project structure framed as per active legislations?
8. Is the necessary budget approved?
9. Are financial and technical proposals included in the tender document?
10. Is the bidding result sound enough?
11. Is the LDP under consideration perceived a priority by all stakeholders?
12. How far is every key actor aware of and committed to discharge his/her
respective role in the LDP processes?
13. Is there a strong political commitment behind undertaking of this LDP?
14. Is the TOR clear and complete enough?
TASK 1.1: INITIATION AND AWARENESS CREATION

Activity 1.1.1: Initiate LDP
 Delineate the boudary (Area of the LDP site)
 Undertake mobilization towards LDP initiation
 Submit the initial proposal to a relevant municipal department
 Review the proposal and submit to higher relevant officials for consideration
 Get agreement of the higher official
Activity 1.1.2: Organize Stakeholders (use format 1)
 Identify the major stakeholders
 Conduct stakeholder analysis
 Set up a SC, Stakeholders’ forum, and TC.
Activity 1.1.3: Conduct public awareness campaign
32
 Generate brainstorming agendas from ongoing LDP initiatives

 Conduct SWOT analysis on general development issues of the area in question
 Reach consensus with key stakeholders regarding the need for having LDP
 Generate minutes of understanding from preceding stakeholder forums
Activity 1.1.4: Conduct rapid assessment and set local development
agenda
 Review relevant planning documents, reports and studies and thereby generate
the key issues that call for planning response
 Undertake overall scan on existing situation of the LDP area
 Synthesize major issues coming out from preceding public forums, document
review and situation scanning
Tips to the Task

The first initiative of undertaking LDP for a specific urban area may come from municipal
government, a private developer or from local community. As the initiative emerges, it needs to
be shaped by a relevant municipal department in collaboration with Steering Committee (SC) in a
way that briefly states the key problems to be addressed and the institutional and financial
implications. The initiatives should be evaluated against the Development and Transformation
Plan Urban Component focusing on the contribution towards job creation and poverty eradication.
Then the issue is formally submitted to the mayor/respective official through an appropriate
municipal department. As the agenda gets approval of the mayor/respective official, then the
forum will be organized by the department. The forums should be opened and attended by the
mayor/appropriate officials to show commitment of the municipal government. The department
should report outcome and summary of the discussions. After the summary report, submitted by
the Technical Committee (TC), is reviewed by appropriate officials, a go ahead instruction is
expected from the municipal government to proceed into the next step.
In reviewing documents, primarily start with existing plans and data previously collected. Existing
Structure Plans, previous LDP attempts and other projects in the area or in the neighboring
localities help in defining the framework for planning.
In identifying and analyzing stakeholders, the type and scope of LDP will play determining role. If
the LDP is concerning only a neighborhood or a local issue (e.g. upgrading or renewal) the
stakeholders will be identified among those local residents and those with special interest in the
project. If the LDP addresses an issue of wider concern (e.g. local parking areas or local markets)
33
the stakeholders will be identified from Stakeholders’ Forum (SF) which involves the Youth
League, Women’s Association, the Elderly, as well as local residents, etc.).
TASK 1.2: PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF PLANNING PROGRAMME

Once a general consensus is reached among the key actors regarding the need for and
purpose of the LDP, the next issue would be how to go about it; hence the purpose of
this task is to provide a road map for the whole LDP process. To this end, the following
activities and actions should be accomplished.
Activity 1.2.1: Prepare TOR of the Project
 Set objectives of the Plan
 Define scope of the Plan (spatial, sectoral, time frame)
 Determine major activities to be covered
 State approaches to be followed
 Determine major deliverables that come out from the process
 Identify responsible bodies for different issues in the process
 Indicate resources required for the planning process (professional, financial,
machineries and equipment, office and other venues)
Activity 1.2.2: Approve the TOR
 Conduct pre-approval discussions upon the TOR
 Make sure a strong political support exists
 Get rubber stamp of the appropriate authority
 Include budget allocation
 Officially assign responsible body for the whole process
 Approve organizational structure and staff of the LDP preparation Project
Tips to the Task

Examples of TOR Outline
Introduction/Background
Objective: The main objective of this Project is to provide a block level detail plan for
development --- area in ____ town/city.
Scope of the project: Spatial scope of the project refers to ____ hectare of land that
falls within the LDP action area, as well as the surrounding planning areas that have
strong influence on development of the action area. Sectorally, the plan covers spatial,
social, economic, physical/environmental development aspects of the area as well as the
institutional, financial and legal frameworks which implementation of the forthcoming LDP
calls for.
34
Activities: The activities to be undertaken may include:-

 Ground surveying, establishing central points
 Assessment on existing situation of the area in question
 Organizing extensive stakeholder-forums
 Undertake detail plans, strategies and mechanisms for monitoring and
evaluation
 etc
Deliverables: Major Deliverables of the project are:
 A shared vision for development of X area
 Concrete goals to be achieved with implementation of the LDP
 Strategies for implementation, monitoring and evaluation
 etc
Required Resources
 Human
 Financial
 Institutional
 etc.
Required Time -
Action plan: Weekly/Monthly milestones corresponding with the major activities
Follow-up: This includes tracing the whereabouts of the TOR in order to give it the
required attention.
TASK 1.3: PROCUREMENT OF PROJECT LOGISTICS & HUMAN

RESOURCES
The purpose of this task is to start the planning process with organized project input and
thereby to enable the project proceed smoothly. The procurement can take place in one
of the following institutional options.
Option 1: To carry out the Project by Own-force
Activity 1.3.1: Establish the Project office
 Issue legal notice/act for establishment of the project
 Approve the project structure and budget
 Assign ‘Project Manager’ with core staff required for project kick-off
Activity 1.3.2: Procure project logistics
 Arrange an appropriate working space/office
 Procure required equipment, machineries and office supplies
35
 Hire/assign the necessary project staff

Option 2: A Project to be outsourced
Activity 1.3.1: Prepare a tender document
 Issue a Request for Proposal (RfP)
 Make sure that the proposals include technical and financial proposal
Activity 1.3.2: Process the tender and sign a contract agreement
 Attach TOR of the project
 Post the tender notice on accessible media to all potential bidders
 Open the tender in the presence of bidders/legal delegates
 Assign a specific technical team that evaluates the technical proposal
 Notify the bidding result by posting on appropriate notice board
 Sign a contract with the winning partner
Tips to the Task

 The project staffing, in case of option one, can be made by drawing permanent staff from
relevant municipal departments, provided that the staff assigned to the project have the
required skill and would be relieved fully from any other assignment. If sufficient office
space and equipments are available, additional procurement may not be required.
 In case of option two, tender document preparation is critical and requires proper
attention. Strong technical team has to be assigned for preparation and evaluation of the
tender document. Apart from this, while we opt for outsourcing we need to make sure that
the municipality will be able to supervise activities of the consultant efficiently.
TASK 1.4: DEVELOP OPERATIONAL/ACTION PLAN

The purpose of this task is to translate TOR of the Project into detail activity plan and
thereby enable relevant actors be aware of their respective responsibilities by providing
detail information regarding what action is to be taken, when, by whom and what
deliverable is expected at the end of each activity
Activity 1.4.1: Detail out the activity plan (Refer to Format in Annex 2)
 Prepare detail operational plan that translates the TOR into detail activities
 Identify the critical milestones to be reached at different points in time
 Detail out activities with corresponding time frame, responsible body and
expected output of the respective activity.
36
PHASE TWO: SITUATION ASSESSMENT / REVIEW
Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to assess the contextual setting of the LDP site by focusing
mainly on the broad and basic minimum requirements regarding physical, social,
economic, and environmental development. Assessment is made to obtain preliminary
but sufficient background information which will be used as the basis for the identification
of planning issues and setting vision, goals, and objectives.
Major Tasks
Task 2.1: Conduct Situation Assessment

Task 2.2: Conduct SWOT Analysis
Major Deliverables/Outputs
o Background information for the identification of planning issues

o Short summary of concept document
Responsible Body
o The planning team or the planning institutions

o The local community, stakeholders
Key Checkup Questions

o Is background information for the identification of planning issues identified?
o Is the information sufficient?
o Was the process participative?
TASK 2.1: CONDUCT SITUATION ASSESSMENT
Assessment is done through interviews, brainstorming, rapid assessment of the

previous studies and documents as well as physical assessment through site visits
in the action and planning area. It involves use of appropriate scale maps and
37
consultations with all sections of the community, public agencies, and the private
sector with an interest/ stake in the area.
o Assess the role of the action area to the planning area or vice versa
o Assess detail existing land use of the action area in relation to
structure plan
o Assess neighbouring LDPs studies if any
o Assess socio-economic, physical and environmental etc situations
of the action area;
o Identify housing needs/backlogs of the site in relation to city wide
housing needs;
o Review layout and organization of major physical and social
infrastructure such as water supply, transport, circulation/
movement, sewerage, health and education;
o Assess the extent to which the intervention improves the condition
of the site and its contribution to city wide development
o Review existing greenery and open spaces
o Develop a short summary of concept document as an output.
TASK 2.2: CONDUCT SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT ANALYSIS has four elements, i.e., strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors while opportunities and threats
are external environments. The analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and threats is crucial at this stage. Such analysis will help shape the process;
understand the context in which one is operating. Such a process will help in minimizing
the costs and potential dangers of the failures and on the other hand, in maximizing the
opportunities and potentials for implementation and fulfilment of the vision.
How to do SWOT analysis
Activity 2.2.1 – Internal Origin
List all strengths and weaknesses that currently exist. Be realistic but avoid
modesty!
o You can conduct one-on-one interviews. Or get a group together to

brainstorm. A bit of both is frequently best.
38
o You'll first want to prepare questions that relate to the specific company or
product that you are analyzing. You'll find some questions and issues
below to get you going.
When facilitating a SWOT - search for insight through intelligent questioning and
probing
Table 1: Internal Situation Analysis
S.N Factors Strength Weakness
1 Leadership
2 Organaizational arrangement
3 System and Procedure
4 Resource (Man power, finance, materials and
equipments)
Activity 2.2.2 – External Origin
List all opportunities that exist in the future. Opportunities are potential future
strengths. Then in turn, list all threats that exist in the future. Threats are potential
future weaknesses.
Table 2: External Situation Analysis

S.N Factors Opportunity Threat
1 Political
2 Economical
3 Social
4 Technology
5 Environmental
Activity 2.2.3 – Plan of Action
Review your SWOT matrix with a view to creating an action plan to address
each of the four areas. See Annex 2 of the revised SP manual, April 2012, for
the details
39
PHASE THREE: PLANNING ISSUES IDENTIFICATION AND

PRIORITIZATION
Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to identify a list of planning issues and select the
major priorities/critical problems on which the preparation of LDP focuses in
order to efficiently utilize available resources to address the critical problems.
Major Tasks
Task 3.1: Identification of Planning Issues
Task 3.2: Prioritization
Task 3.3: Detailed Analysis of Priority Issues
Major Deliverables/Outputs
 Identified Planning Issues

 Prioritized Problems/Priority Issues
 Detailed Analysis of Priority Issues
Responsible Body
 The team leader or project coordinator and the Planning Team

 The public forum, stakeholders, local community, advisory committee

 Are planning and priority issues identified by the public forum?
 Are local priority issues identified by the local community?
 Is the existing situation clearly defined through detailed analysis?
TASK 3.1: IDENTIFICATION OF PLANNING ISSUES

Purpose:
The purpose of this task is to identify planning issues / problems based on the
general assessment made on socio-economic, physical, spatial and
environmental aspects in the preceeding phase /Phase 2/.
40
Steps for identification of planning issues

 List problems identified during the general situational assessment
 Discuss with stakeholders to ensure whether the identified problems
are actually problem of the locality
 Substantiate identified problems with facts and figures
 If possible compare facts and figures with standards, previous figures,
figures at national and regional level and with figures of towns/cities
similar with the locality under study
 Identify those problems which are found to be significantly different
from the figures with which they are compared
 Form a clusters of problems/planning issues by putting similar
problems in the same cluster
TASK 3.2: PRIORITIZATION
Deciding on priorities is a prerequisite for a focused and strategic planning process.

Prioritization tools can help arrive at common agreement on priorities in a
participatory, democratic, transparent and rational manner. Thus, they help avoid
arbitrary decisions or decisions made on the basis of opinions held by a few leaders.
This is crucial in order to avoid participation fatigue or win-lose situations resulting
from inappropriate decision-making procedures.
Prioritization tools can be applied on various levels and at different stages of a
planning process.
 First, it is important to get each community and each interest/stakeholder
group to decide on their priorities, i.e. to rank their needs, problems or issues.
 Secondly, at higher levels, such as the municipality as a whole, one will have
to decide on overall priorities for the larger unit, taking the priorities of the
sub-units into consideration, as well as other aspects and strategic
considerations.
Like any decision-making process, prioritization can be done in principle by three
different types of approaches:
a. by consensus;
b. by scoring; and
c. by a structured process, based on systematic consideration of various
sources of information.
41
Among the three methods of prioritization tools, only the second one (scoring
technique) has been presented here as the first one is very simple whereas the
second one is very complicated.
Prioritization by Scoring
Scoring is a process by which participants of a meeting, an organization, or a
committee indicate their own preferences in order to arrive at a representative picture
of the importance the totality of participants have given to each of the issues (needs,
problems) brought forward during the meeting. It is a democratic instrument which
indicates the opinion of the majority.
Steps
1. All issues/needs/problems mentioned by any of the participants are listed (in

writing or by using a symbol).
2. Issues which are very similar may be clustered, provided those who mentioned a
specific issue agree to have their issue subsumed under a wider category.
(Caution: if clusters become too wide, the more specific needs may get lost).
3. Each participant gets a certain number of scoring points (say 3-5) and may
allocate these to the issues listed. He or she could distribute his/her points
amongst several issues or allocate numerous points to one highly prioritized
issue.
4. The total number of scores added indicates the list of priorities
Possible Modifications:
a. Differentiation by category of participant: Each participant or each category of

participants (e.g. men/women; or officials/representatives of certain interest
groups, e.g. of environmental issues) is given a certain color for scoring. This
helps make differentiated interests more transparent. In addition, it offers an
opportunity to give certain population groups or specialists more weight than
others (e.g. neglected minorities or environmentalists).
b. Group scoring: Smaller groups get an opportunity to discuss their opinions and to
provide a group score. Each group will be allocated a particular color pen or
symbol to make preferences transparent. Group scoring is useful if there are
many participants in a decision-making forum and if these can be grouped
according to interests.
42
TASK 3.3: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF PRIORITY ISSUES
The purpose of conducting in-depth analysis on priority issues is to ensure that the
strategies and projects are based on a thorough knowledge of all the relevant
aspects of the priority issues identified to ensure those strategies:
– Respond to causes rather than symptoms
– Deal with the problem in context; consider potentials, opportunities and

initiatives for resolving priority issues.
Activity 3.3.1. Conduct detailed analysis on priority issues
The detailed analysis includes analysis of:
– Precise nature of an issue (Basic or non-basic, Quantify, Standard (quality),

Affected groups, Location (where), Time frame;
– Causes and effect of an issue;
– Problem solving potentials and initiatives;
Activity 3.3.2. Consolidate the result of the analysis
– Consolidation refers to summarization of information from the various

analysis activities per priority Issue in a refined and well-structured manner to
make it accessible to all actors involved in the planning process.
The purpose of consolidation of the analysis result is to ensure that the knowledge
gained as a result of the analysis is easily available for the further planning phases and
for implementation and monitoring purposes.
43
PHASE FOUR: SETTING VISION, OBJECTIVES AND GOALS
Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to set vision, major goals and objectives and
formulation of strategies by which the prioritized planning issues in the preceding
phase could be solved thereby contributing to the achievement of the desired future
for the locality. It provides the planning body and the public with direction and
guidance in the planning process.
Major Tasks
Task 4.1: Setting Vision
Task 4.2: Setting Goals and Objectives
Task 4.3: Formulation of Strategies
Task 4.4. Analyzing and Deciding on Alternatives
Major Deliverables
 Vision Statement
 Established goals for the achievement of the locality vision
 Established objectives for each goal
 Formulated strategies to achive the goals
 Consolidated report
Responsible Body
 The project team and public forum for setting vision
 The project team and relevant experts from the relevant sector office for setting
goals and objectives and formulation of strategies
 Advisory committee for deciding on vision, goals, objectives and strategies

 Is the vision shared?
 Do established goals help solve prioritized issues?
 Are all objectives SMART and in line with the goals and priority issues?
 Are the strategies enabling to achieve each goal established?
 Are all strategies in line with the objectives?
44
TASK 4.1. SETTING VISION OF THE LOCALITY

Vision could be defined as a statement of the desired planning period of
development of the LDP site based on the priority issues related to the specific
conditions in the locality cascaded from city wide structure plan vision.
The purpose of setting vision is to inspire, focus the attention and mobilize all
residents, communities, stakeholders, politicians and officers in creating the desired
future for the locality.
Procedure for Creating Vision using Mind Journey Technique
Step 1: Forming Individual Visions
 The facilitator guides participants (who should relax and close their eyes
before the start of the “journey”) on a fantasy trip. Participants are first asked
to imagine the present day-to-day situation they are in and then guided on a
fantasy trip by entering an aero plane, taking off and looking down on the
present reality from high above until it disappears and they have left their
present reality with all its worries behind.
 There is a silent phase and then the participants will be guided back to their
home places (after a long period of absence – 5 to 10 years). They will land
in the plane and be asked to imagine the place in the way they would like to
see it (their homes, their working place, their families, the broader community,
their town/city etc.). Participants are given time to imagine all relevant
aspects of their future desired situation and are asked to open their eyes and
come back to reality.
 The facilitator gives participants 5 – 10 minutes to phrase their imagined

future situation in 1 – 2 sentences and write these down. These are handed
in and used as a basis for developing a vision statement. As a means of
building consensus some time can be allocated to sharing and discussing
peoples different “visions”.
Step 2: From Individual Visions to Joint Vision
Reaching agreement in a diverse group regarding the wording of a vision can be a

challenge to any facilitator. A step-wise group consolidation procedure is
45
advisable to ensure broad consensus on the final vision statement. This can be
achieved by a process of gentle agreement. The facilitator follows a step-wise
process involving:
 Participants formulating individual ideas.

 Small-groups (3 – 4 participants) discuss the individual ideas and
reach a consolidated statement.
 Two small groups (6 – 8 participants) join their efforts and reach
consensus.
 Plenary discusses contributions from the various groups.
The size of the smaller groups will depend on the total number of participants. In
bigger groups the first round of small groups can include 6 – 8 participants. This
will limit the final number of contributions to discuss in plenary.
Rules of Gentle Agreement in Small Group:
 First seek the areas of common ground, statements that all group
members have in common and record these as a starting point.
 Note down ideas that the group feels are good and which one or more
participant thought of. If everyone in the group can agree that it is a
good idea it can be recorded on flipchart. Do not record any idea that
the whole group does not agree to.
 Differences can be noted if the group feels that it is important.

Remember though that the emphasis is on areas of agreement.
This process is repeated in the bigger groups with the ultimate goal to have a
limited number of statements that can be discussed in plenary.
The plenary can repeat the “gentle agreement” process or drafts can be presented
and participants can vote for the most liked statement.
TIPS:
• Visualize the characteristics of a vision as a reminder to the group.
 Visions should be short enough to become popular, but specific

enough to refer to the characteristics, problems and potentials of the
municipality. The more general visions are phrased, the less they can
give guidance.
46
 Visions should be phrased in a way to be understood by everybody in

the LDP site
• Visualize the rules of common ground/gentle agreement.
• Monitor the small group work to prevent groups trying to convince (argue) one
another about the rightness of their ideas.
• All ideas should be captured on flipcharts.
TASK 4.2. SETTING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR THE

PRIORITY ISSUES
Goals are broad objectives or general statements that are not easily quantified
and measured. For that reason, goals are translated in to measurable objectives
that can be 0prioritized and pursued.
Objectives are what a neighborhood wants to achieve during a specified period.

The purpose of setting objectives is to provide direction to the planning and
implementation process. Derive Objectives from Vision and Goal, informed by
SWOT.
Steps for setting objectives:
1. The vision should be clearly visualized.

2. All priority issues should be listed.
3. The objective should be a response to: “What would the locality like to achieve
in the coming planning?” The statements are more specific than the vision
and goals and specifications like quantity, standards and locations should be
included where possible. Final indicators will only be formulated once
projects/programmes have been determined.
4. Check whether the goals and objectives:
o Address all priority issues
o Are integrated and not sectoral
o Contribute to the vision.
Tips on designing the output
 Goals and objectives should relate to the identified problems or needs of

people.
 Objectives should be phrased as a solution of these problems.
 Objectives need to be phrased as specific as the underlying problem with
regard to location and the group of people affected.
47
 Objectives should clearly indicate the intended benefit for the people or the
municipality.
 Objectives have to be set before deciding on strategies. But they may have
to be modified as a result of the strategy debate.
 Objectives should be in line with the goals and vision
 Objectives should consider cross-sectoral integration aspects rather than
being predetermined by sectoral orientations.
 A number of priorities can be addressed by single objectives and other
priorities might require their own objective/s or even several objectives
Objectives ought to be SMART (specific, measureable, achievable, realistic and time
bound).
TASK 4.3. FORMULATION OF STRATEGIES

Strategies can be defined as ways by which specific objectives could be achieved.
The purpose of strategy formulation is to ensure localities make use of new,

creative and innovative solutions for coping with problems and new challenges.
TIPS ON STRUCTURING THE PROCESS

It needs a workshop or working group session per priority issue in order to provide
specialist information and stimulate a creative brainstorming process of starategy
development.
Techniques for formulation of alternative strategies
I. Creativity Focused Techniques
 Brainstorming
II. Rationality Focused Techniques
 Potentials Related Option Identification

 Dimensions Related Option Identification
 Roots Related Option Identification
Note: For the details of the techniques see Annex 4 of the revised SP
Manual of April 2012.
.
48
TASK 4.4. ANALYZING AND DECIDING ON ALTERNATIVES

Alternatives Analysis Matrix
PURPOSE:
This tool assists in analyzing options/alternatives in a systematic and transparent

manner. During the planning process you identify a range of possible options to
choose from. After options have been identified, the options have to be analyzed to
determine which is best suited to solve the problems under consideration of
various developmental policy guidelines.
Information should be available regarding each option.
DESCRIPTION:
Alternative Analysis Matrix – use a table format to structure the following

information:
• List of options
• Criteria to assist with the assessment
• Assessment process e.g. scores or ratings
Steps:
Step One: Prepare a table outline similar to the format that is illustrated in
the example.
Step Two: List all options. The options can be generated by means of:
Step Three: Develop criteria that will be useful to assess the various options.
This can be the most challenging step in the Alternative Analysis.
Step Four: Specify Criteria
Step Five: Agree whether to make a distinction between:
Step Six: Provide information on each option in relation to each
criterion
Step Seven: Participants discuss each option and reach agreement
regarding the most favorable option/s
Note: For the details of the process see Annex 4 of the revised SP Manual
of April 2012.
49
PHASE FIVE: DATA COLLECTION AND COMPILATION
The major purpose of Phase 5 is to collect the necessary data required and to
identify the gaps to inform the LDP planning process.
MAJOR TASKS
TASK 5.1: MOBILIZE FOR DATA COLLECTION

TASK 5.2: DATA COLLECTION and COMPILATION (See Formats in Annex 2)
MAJOR DELIVERABLES / OUTPUTS

1. Detail data collection plan
2. Mobilized data collection body
3. Collected relevant data
4. Compiled data
RESPONSIBLE BODY
 Team leader or Project Coordinator
 Experts
 Informants
KEY CHECKUP QUESTIONS
1. Are data collection formats as per standard set?
2. Are key data sources and collaborators formally addressed?
3. Are the essential and key issues covered and captured in situation analysis?
4. Is there any issue not yet clear or uncertain?
5. Have all the appropriate formats been collected?
6. Are key informants been consulted?
7. Are appropriate maps used?
8. Is data compilation appropriately done?

The purpose of this task is to make sure that every preparatory work, formats, etc are in
place before data collectors are mobilized.
50
Activity 5.1.1: Make sure the necessary tools for data collection are ready
 Duplicate data collection formats given in Annex II.
 Prepare detailed data collection action plan
 Organize necessary logistics such as transport services, stationeries, etc
Activity 5.1.2: Launch the data collection process
 Conduct ground survey/Avail satellite image, Ground Control Points and Base
Map, check for co-ordinates
 Give orientation to data collectors about their assignment
 Team-up the data collectors
 Publicize launching of the data collection process through appropriate means
(media, notice board, etc)
 Mobilize data collectors
Activity 5.1.3: Formally inform the data collection program to key data sources
and collaborators.
 Notify key facilitators with official letters that the data collection is underway; key
facilitators include:
 Wereda (Kebele) administrations
 Idirs and other CBOs in the locality
 Provide data collectors with a ‘to whom it may concern’ official letter
Tips to the task

 The data collection formats may be checked against and synchronized with the ongoing
programs focusing on poverty alleviation and job creation.
 To make sure that every preparation is finalized, the project manager/coordinator should
receive a written report/proof from respective sections, and then the manager/coordinator
needs to disseminate the information, officially, to working teams
 To commence the data collection process,
The project manager is to give a general guideline to data collectors
Working-teams and team coordinator are notified with official letters
Details of transport service mobilization schedules are disseminated both to working-
teams and general service department
 The data collection process can be notified to key data sources through.
Official letters
Appropriate media (radio, news papers, wereda (kebele) and idirs)
Notices, fliers, pamphlets, etc
51
TASK 5.2: DATA COLLECTION AND COMPILATION (See Formats in Annex

2)
The main purpose of this task is to provide subsequent planning phases with factual
basis regarding local, regional and national contexts relevant to the LDP area.
Activity 5.2.1: Collect the relevant Data related to social development

issues
A. Demography
 Collect demographic data by using data collection formats such as
 Demographic structure
 Age characteristic
 Educational attainment
 Marital status, ,religion etc
 Social relation/status, preferences
 Social problems
 Etc
B. Housing
 Housing condition (good, fair, bad )
 Housing by tenure (private, public, rental housing agency )
 Housing facilities (toilet, bath, water supply, kitchen, electricity, telephone etc)
 Housing by morphology
 Housing by age
 Housing by function
 Housing by typology
 etc
C. Services
 Education
 Health services
 Recreation and cultural site
 Religious institutions
 etc
52
Activity 5.2.2: Collect the relevant Data related to local economic

development issues
 Occupation status(income, source and saving behaviour
 Existing economic establishments
 Formal and informal trade
 etc
Activity 5.2.3: Collect the relevant physical and environmental data
 Prepare topographic maps in 1:1,000 or 1:2,000 scale
 Collect data on physical aspects such as wet land, forest, green areas,
other natural and manmade constraints
 Produce contour map and indicate on suitability map
 Wind /sun etc
 Hydrology
 Solid waste
 Liquid waste
 Area coverage and local etc
Activity 5.2.4: Collect the related to spatial aspect
A. Land use
 Use base map (sc, 1: 1000, 1:2000)
 Update and collect data related to land use function (residence, commerce and
trade, administration, mixed, micro and small scale enterprise, service, green and
open space, others
B. Road network
 Use base map (sc, 1: 1000, 1:2000)
 Road by hierarchy, road by surface material, roundabout, walk ways, bike lanes,
medians, intersections
 Parking spaces, bus stops, etc
C. Drainage and utility lines
 Use base map (sc, 1: 1000, 1:2000)
 Closed/open ditch, culverts, capacity, etc
 Flooding risks
 Electric lines
 Telephone lines
53
 Water supply
 Sewer lines etc
Activity 5.2.5: Collect data related to morphology and settlement
characteristics
 Building height
 Density
 Settlement pattern
 etc
Activity 5.2.6: Collect the necessary institutional information
 Undertake a field survey and take lists of institutions operating in the LDP area
 Review relevant secondary sources (Kebeles, sub cities, Idirs,) and discuss with
key informants regarding functions and objectives of institutions operating in the
area
 Organize the information as per the format in Annex 2.
Activity 5.2.7: Collect the necessary legal information
 Consult the appropriate institutions/experts (in the municipal legal department)
regarding existing legal instruments relevant to the LDP area and gaps in legal
frameworks
 Take list of relevant legal documents from these sources
 Identify the legislatives that have direct relevance with the LDP
 Organize the information as per the format provided in Annex 2.
Activity 5.2.8: Collect the necessary financial information

 Identify the major sources of finance for the ongoing projects
 Indicate possible sources of finance (private, public, CBOs, NGOs, etc)
 Identify financial capacity of the municipality
Activity 5.2.9: Compile collected data systematically
 Encode the empirical information in Appendix 2
 Tally the qualitative information
 Interpret the data organized, and attach the necessary explanatory notes
 Cite sources of data properly
54
Tips to the task

 Depending on sources and types of data to be collected by using formats given in the
appendix,
Opinions of individuals can be collected directly from the respective informant
either through interview or by disseminating questionnaires
For secondary data, data collectors should review relevant reports, studies,
correspondences, minutes, archival documents, etc
 Depending on size of data sources, the data collection can cover the whole
population or be limited to representative samples.
If the data source is small, better to take the whole population
In case of big data source, sample approach is preferable
 In the course of data collection, summary of explanatory notes should be organized
immediately not to let information disappear as time goes on.
55
PHASE SIX: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The major purpose of this phase is to analyze the collected data required and to identify
the gaps to inform the LDP planning process
MAJOR TASKS
TASK 6 .1: CONDUCT DATA ANALYSIS
MAJOR DELIVERABLE/OUTPUT
 Analyzed and compiled data

RESPONSIBLE BODY
 Experts
1. Are the findings and information at hand adequate and reliable to make decisions
and planning choices?
2. Are the findings and conclusions of the foregoing analysis shared and owned by
the relevant stakeholders?
Activity 6.1.1: Analyze economic fabrics and identify the gaps
 Identify working age population by employment status (employment,
unemployment in %)
 Identify the most competitive sectors and sub-sectors in local economy,
 Identify major constraints to investment in the LDP area
 Identify the potentials and constraints of MSE in the area
 Identify role of informal economy in the area and informal business by type
of activities, by size of capital and employees
 Identify the major economic fabrics in influence areas that have strong impact
on economy of the action area
 Based on the foregoing analysis, identify the major gaps
 The employment gap
 The formal/Informal employment ratio
56
 Size of families with income below poverty li

Activity 6.1.2: Analyze social fabrics and identify the gaps (See Format No. 5
in Annex II)
 Identify marital status.
 Identify the major social and cultural networks existing in the LDP area (Idir,
Equb,relatives and friends Mahibers, Youth, Women and Professional
Associations etc.);
 Identify the major crimes in the LDP area
 Identify the size of beggary
 Identify the size of prostitution
 Identify the level of juvenile delinquency
 Based on the foregoing analysis, identify
 Major social problems specific to the LDP area
 Social problems which call for urgent response, which can be dealt with
locally and that require city-level/supra city solutions
Activity 6.1.3: Analyze spatial/physical and environmental information
Compare the existing land-use vis-à-vis the land use plan proposed in the structure
plan by using land use plan and identify the gaps
 Analyze the slope and soil condition and accessibility of existing open
spaces, green area and public spaces
 Identify critical traffic congestion and accident spots
 Identify Road network hierarchy, surface material, pedestrian walkway, bike
lane
 Identify key problems of infrastructure networks (water, power, telephone,
etc)
 Identify drainage lines
 Identify key problems of solid and liquid waste management in the LDP area
 Identify key problems of open spaces and greenery
 Analyse settlement pattern and characteristics
 Identify potential threats of natural catastrophe (land slide, flooding, seismic, etc)
Activity 6.1.4: Analyze existing institutional frameworks within LDP implementation
Scope
 Analyze the capacity of municipal agencies relevant for planning &
implementation of LDPs
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 Identify availability of potential partners in non-public sectors for

implementation of the LDP
 Identify the missing institutional elements for effective implementation of the
forthcoming LDP
 Based on the outcome of the aforementioned institutional analysis, identify
the major institutional issues, which potentially constrain implementation of
the LDP under consideration
Activity 6.1.5: Analyze existing legal framework

 Analyze urban development related regulations relevant and pertinent to effective
implementation of LDPs
 Identify the major legal constraints that adversely impact on LDP implementation
 Based on this, identify issues;
 Which call for a prompt response for success of the LDP process
 Which require a citywide response
Activity 6.1.6: Analyze existing financial framework for local development

 Identify deficit of major infrastructure networks and public services in the LDP
area
 Estimate engineering cost of public investments required to fulfill existing service
gaps
 Organize the information collected as per the items in Format No. 7, Annex 2
 Analyze past experiences of the city/town in financing local development projects
 Explore alternative/potential sources of finance for local development projects
 Identify the major issues in financing the LDP in question
Activity 6.1.7: Generate the key thematic issues to be presented on stakeholder
forums
 Identify and elaborate the links as well as the cause-effect relationships that exist
between different sectoral problems (economic, social,
physical/spatial/environmental) distinguished by the foregoing analysis
 Generate the major thematic issues that deserve emphasis
Activity 6.1.8: Undertake public discussion on preliminary conclusions and
thematic issues generated from the foregoing analysis
 Present the preliminary findings to steering committee
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 Reach general consensus regarding issues to be emphasized in subsequent

planning processes.
 Integrate inputs obtained from stakeholder forums and then generate revised
versions of key findings, with particular emphasis on:
 Major urban planning elements missing in existing urban fabrics of the
LDP area, incompatible land-uses or underutilized urban spaces in the
LDP area
 Substandard physical structures in the LDP area
 Extent and features of urban decay (physical, social and economic)
 Basic urban services in short supply and missing urban facilities in the
area
 Areas of loose links between the LDP and influence areas
 Underutilized potentials of the LDP area
 Major socio-economic challenges in the LDP area
 Major threats to urban environment in the area
 Strong urban values that need to be reinforced or capitalized
 Urban fabrics that call for major restructuring in the LDP area
Tips to the Tasks

 Use formats presented in appendices to summarize numeric information
 Before you proceed to analysis of surveyed opinions, organize them in brief
statements
 From menu of summarized opinions, generate a checklist of interrelated issues and
then put them in a tabular form.
 Based on summarized opinions & data, undertake a critical analysis and then draw
the key issues that need to be emphasized in subsequent planning process without
telling long theories or stories of LDPs, just dwell on major issues in presenting the
preliminary findings to stakeholders
 The collected and analyzed data shall be summarized and documented (submitted to
an information center or any other appropriate organ) for future use.
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PHASE SEVEN: PREPARATION OF CONCEPT PLAN
Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to prepare a conceptual plan that consists of existing
built-up and future expansion directions, major land use categories/ zones and other
major elements. Written illustrations are made in a more concise and summarized
form. One or more options should be prepared and presented for selection of a
preferred option. The potential fulfilment of the vision, goals, and objectives is
checked at this stage. This is considered as the most important step in the planning
process because the major policy and political decisions required are made here.
Major Tasks
Task 7.1: Develop conceptual plan
Task 7.2 Discussion on the concept plan
Major Deliverables
 Conceptual plan that also shows schematic diagram of major zoning at
appropriate scale map;
 Written illustrations in a more coincise and summarized form
Responsible Body
 The project team
 Have the major land use elements/ zones considered?
 Is it in line with the prioritized planning issues, the vision, goals, and objectives?
 Are the proposals realistic?
Is it supported by written illustrations?
TASK 7.1: Develop the Concept Plan

Follow the following steps to develop the conceptual plan
o Identify the spatial development trend of the locality;
o Indicate the existing built-up area showing main elements
(manufacturing and storage related activities, services, administration,
and commercial activities)
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o Indicate future development/expansion areas incorporating main

elements
o Identify land use classification.
TASK 7.2. DISCUSSIONS ON THE CONCEPT PLAN

Activity 7.2.1. Conduct Discussions
 Conduct discussion among project team
 Conduct in-house discussion
 Conduct discussion with advisory committee
 Conduct discussions with the public forum
 Record and document events for every discussions
Activity 7.2.2. Incorporate Comments
 Review comments forwarded by the project team, advisory committee
and stakeholder/public participation
 Evaluate critically and identify valid comments, complements and
suggestions by the participants
 Rectify the plan based on comments obtained from the various
discussions.
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PHASE EIGHT: DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS
This Phase is a step where the LDP enters into recommending solutions; issues emerging
from the preceding phases are taken as basis for proposals. This process covers six major
planning areas: socio economic, physical, spatial, institutional, financial and legal aspects of
the LDP, and comes up with an intuitive concept of the plan to be prepared from the possible
decisions arrived at after conducting data analysis.
The purpose of this Phase is to integrate different components of the LDP in a way that feeds
and complements with each other. The planning & design team is expected to give special
attention to this task, mainly because unless proposals are integrated with each other, the
proposals will be contradictory and conflicting. When the proposals become integrated, one
activity in one of the proposals would have a positive spillover effect on the other proposals
eventually satisfying the planning goals
Major TASKs
TASK 8.1: DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE PLANNING SCENARIOS AND CONCEPTS
TASK 8.2: DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR VARIOUS LDP COMPONENTS
TASK 8.3: PREPARATION OF THE LAND USE /DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS
TASK 8.4: DETERMINE THE KEY PLANNING AND DESIGN TOOLS
TASK 8.5: GENERATE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS
TASK 8.6: GENERATE SPATIAL, PHYSICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL PROPOSALS
TASK 8.7: GENERATE THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL PROPOSALS
TASK 8.8: GENERATE THE NECESSARY FINANCIAL PROPOSALS
TASK 8.9: GENERATE THE NECESSARY LEGAL PROPOSALS
TASK 8.10: INTEGRATE THE PROPOSALS OF LDP COMPONENTS
TASK 8.11: INTEGRATE MAJOR LDP PROPOSALS WITH OTHER PLANS
TASK 8.12: HOLD DISCUSSION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS

1. Integrated thematic issues
2. Options for carrying out LDP
3. Developed concept plans
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4. Alternative concept plans
5. Identified development scenario

6. List of items to be incorporated in the plan
7. Redeveloped concepts of planning components

8. Determined socio-economic proposals
9. Hierarchically re-arranged spatial, physical and environmental proposals

10. Identified and prepared institutional proposals
11. Identified existing and foreseen local financial potentials

12. Mutually integrated proposals
13. Proposals of major issues which are integrated with each other
14. LDP proposals integrated with other plans and programs

1. Are possible concept alternatives developed?
2. Are stakeholders represented in the jury?
3. Has impact assessment been carried out?
4. Are all possible management and financial options identified?
5. Are concept plans well developed?
6. Have feedbacks been integrated?

7. Are all development types well identified?
8. Are appropriate strategies and standards selected?
9. Are planning and design programmes set accordingly?
10. Are planning elements put hierarchically?
11. Are socio-economic recommendations made accordingly?
12. Are existing and proposed physical fabrics well taken care of?
13. Is hierarchy of road and physical facilities exhaustive enough?
14. Are all proposals as per standard set?
15. Are institutional options optimized?
16. Has the institutional plan addressed relevant institutions?
17. Are all the major gaps identified filled with proposals?
18. Are the proposed solutions sound enough and in correspondence with the
vision and objectives?
19. Are the proposals shared by the relevant stakeholders?
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20. Are key areas of integration properly identified?

21. Is mutual integration of proposals ensured?
22. Are all components of LDP proposals incorporated in the integration process?
23. Are all conflicting areas dealt with?
24. Is there consensus among key stakeholders (steering committee)?
25. Is there consensus among key stakeholders (steering committee) on the
integrated proposals?
RESPONSIBLE BODY
 Experts

Activity 8.1.1: Translate/interpret the major findings into planning issues
 Aggregate/integrate the major thematic issues under broad category of planning
components;
 Develop a conceptual framework which integrates the major LDP components
Activity 8.1.2: Develop alternative conceptual frame
 Develop alternative spatial conceptual plan under different scenarios;
 Clearly articulate major components of the LDP in the conceptual plans
 Conduct jury on developed planning concepts and scenarios
 On the jury, evaluate proposed alternatives against envisioned social,
economic and physical developments as well as aesthetics in the LDP area,
 Forecasts of urbanization cost and foreseeable environmental impacts
 Integrate jury feedbacks and make the necessary improvements;
TASK 8.2: DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR VARIOUS LDP

Activity 8.2.1: Develop management strategy
 Identify potential plan making and implementation institutions (existing or
new, public or private);
 Identify possible logistics and human resources;
 Identify options for preparation of LDP other than public institutions
 Indicate the optimal usage of the existing institutions;
 See possibilities for upgrading of the existing institutions;
 Identify options for partnership with private sector.
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Activity 8.2.2: Develop financial strategies

 Devise financial improvement strategies for the City Government/City
Administration;
 Indicate how to secure resources from donors, NGOs and others;
 Create public private partnership for financial sector development
Activity 8.3.1: Analyze how the identified development scenario can be taken into
the subsequent planning & design process
 Identify the type of development to be considered for the LDP area under
consideration, these are:-
 Renewal development,
 Upgrading development,
 Hybrid, or
 New expansion development,
 Select appropriate strategy and standard for identified development
intervention based on the manual specifically prepared for it.
Activity 8.3.2: Spell out list of items to be incorporated in the plan for each of the
LDP components vis-à-vis set standards
 Prepare planning and design program (qualitative & quantitative list of
accommodation) by referring to the key planning issues generated from the
preceding planning processes;
 Link set standards with the development issues and scenarios identified in
activity 8.3.1 above;
 Compile planning and design program (qualitative & quantitative list of
accommodation) by referring to the key planning issues generated from the
preceding planning and analyze the detailed quantitative and qualitative
planning elements to be taken into account in each of the LDP components;
 Reorganize systematically the required elements (requirements) into groups
(clusters) and units to simplify the next planning and design processes;
 Make sure that harmony, compatibility and integrity exist among different LDP
components; and if need be, make necessary rectification accordingly;
 Conduct internal jury on reorganized LDP elements and undertake the
necessary rectification as need arises;
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 Conduct discussions with the relevant stakeholders on outcomes of activity

8.3.2 and integrate the feedbacks that may come out from stakeholders
forum
Activity 8.3.3: Based on the planning ideas generated from activity 8.3.2 above, re-
develop concepts of each planning component
 Prepare as many typologies for each unit as possible based on set
standards;
 Prepare as many combinations out of the many units as possible based on

set standard;
 Put elements hierarchically from the general to the parts within the selected
optimal scenario following the existing context based on the standard;
 Check uniformity and integration with the list of requirements prepared in

activity 8.3.2 and make rectification accordingly;
 Check uniformity and integration among the component parts and make
rectification accordingly;
 Conduct internal jury on the plan and make rectification accordingly;
 Conduct participatory discussion on the output of activity 8.3.3 and make the
necessary rectification accordingly.
Activity 8.4.1: Determine economic proposals to fill the economic gaps

Recommend potential mainstay of the residents
 Propose potential household income and type of occupation
 Propose potential size and category of employment to be generated
 Propose major potential investments
 Recommend actions to remove constraints of SMEs
 Recommend the potentials of informal businesses
 Recommend the formal/informal employment ratio
 Recommend how to fill the gaps in the informal businesses
Activity 8.4.2: Determine social fabrics proposals
 Recommend measures to minimize the ratio of unmarried/divorced persons
 Recommend actions to solve problems of CBOs
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 Recommend measures to minimize crimes

 Recommend measures to minimize beggary
 Recommend measures to minimize prostitution
 Recommend measures to minimize juvenile delinquency
 Recommend measures to minimize drug addiction
 Recommend measures to minimize sexual abuse and trafficking
 Recommend measures to minimize streetism
 Recommend measures to minimize burglary, robbery and theft
Activity 8.5.1: Generate existing land use and general spatial configuration
proposals
 Rearrange spatial/physical & environmental elements hierarchically (from general
to specific) following existing and envisaged physical fabrics and based on set
standard;
 Prepare innovative composition taking the hypothetical concepts of selected
options using the principle of ‘Urban Design’ described in 2D drawings, 3D
animations, Models, sketched and summary reports;
 Prepare as many typologies as possible for each unit based on standards;
 Prepare different combinations of listed units based on standards;
 Insert the exact sizes of existing features which are preserved within the action area
and that are projected from the planning area of LDP; and those standards set in
the structure plan.
Activity 8.5.2: Propose infrastructure and utility lines needed
A) Road and associated physical facilities and Prepare Hierarchy of street
network plan,
 Well dimensioned and labelled typical cross section and typical detail plans
of all typologies of roads found within and the periphery of LDP;
 Proposed road network, hierarchy, surface material, section, junction and
roundabouts, bike lanes;
 Specify Right of way;
 Centreline mark;
 Centerline designed elevation in comparison with adjacent NGL elevation;
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 Radius and angle of curvature at winding and junctions;

 Maximum load capacity of each street;
 Pedestrian walkways & their crossing on street where ever necessary;
 Location and Position of Medians;
 Location & size of roundabouts, cul-de-sacs where ever necessary;
 Location & size of Street side parks where ever necessary;
 Position of utility lines & their crossing on street where ever necessary;
 Location of street lights where ever necessary;
 Location of street trees and species of the trees;
 Location & size of bus and taxi terminals where ever necessary;
 Street side public car parking where ever necessary;
 Position and location of bridges and their carriage where ever necessary;
 Position and location of under & over passes and their carriage where ever
necessary;
 Position of storm water drainage lines & their crossing on street where ever
necessary;
 Multiple function of streets in addition to transportation where ever
obligatory;
 Street furniture where ever necessary;
 Street designation;
 Traffic flow (lanes and direction of movement).
B) Utility Lines
Water supply lines: The position, size, depth, network, hierarchy, area coverage by
each branch, connection point, direction of flow and control points, source /reservoir and
connection to the main proposal of the structure plan;
 Rainstorm-water drainage lines: The position, size, depth, network,
hierarchy, area coverage by each branch, connection point/manholes, direction
of flow and connection to the main proposal of the structure plan;
 Waste water lines: The position, size, depth, network, hierarchy, area
coverage by each branch, connection point, direction of flow and connection to
the main proposal of the structure plan;
 Telephone lines: The position, cable size, depth/ height, network, area
coverage/beneficiaries, connection boxes, location of manholes, location &
68
ways of crossing against roads, location of telephone booths, and connection

to the main proposal of the structure plan;
 Electric/power lines: The position, cable size and voltage capacity,
depth/height, network, area coverage / beneficiaries, connection boxes,
location of manholes;
 Location & ways of crossing against roads, location of transformers, direction of
power flow and connection to the main proposal of the structure plan; Set
regulation and implementation tool for the proposal based on the standard.
C) Land blocking, land uses, plot parcelling & building blocks:
Undertake the proposal of land blocks based on set standard;
 Prepare updated land uses that include among other things:
 Residential,
 Mixed,
 Offices for different institutions,
 Special functions,
 Business and commerce and services,
 Green area, open spaces and environment,
 Manufacturing and storage,
 Road, transport and infrastructure.
 Determine number, location, entry and exit of public car parking per block;
 For LDP in small towns and expansion areas in any urban level, prepare plot
parcels for the following:
 Residential,
 Mixed,
 Business and commerce and services,
 Green area, open spaces and environment,
 Manufacturing and storage,
 Road, transport and infrastructure,
 Offices for various institutions,
 Special functions based on set standard and that enhance incremental
development according to the land use;
 Propose potential vehicular and pedestrian access to each plot;
 Determine the BAR and FAR of buildings;
 Determine the building line/ setbacks of buildings;
69
 Determine spaces between buildings;

 Determine the three dimensional character/volume;
 Set regulation and implementation tool for the proposal based on the standard.
D) Environmental aspect
 Ensure the sustained habitability of the area in every aspect;

 Come up with proposals of sustainable use of resources;
 Incorporate environmental proposals of the structure plan;
 Determine the minimum ratio of green area, hard surface and built-up area per
plot;
 Determine the size, location and shape of green and open breathing spaces in
every block where ever required;
 Come up with proposals of preventing environmental degradation, conserving the
existing flora and fauna on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem of the area;
 Check and avoid practices that harm the balance of nature;
 Come up with proposals of preventing environmental pollution below and above
the surface of the earth;
 Come up with proposals towards preventing and curbing environmental hazards
(land slides, flooding, marshy areas, land faults, seismic areas, etc);
 Come up with proposals of rehabilitating swampy and unsuitable areas for other
alternative functions;
 Determine parks and greenery where ever appropriate based on set standard;
 Determine environmental considerations with aesthetics and landscaping (e.g.
street planting, public squares, playgrounds/ residential open spaces,
environmental conservation and revitalization);
 Recommend appropriate solid and/or liquid waste management system and
integrate with the city wide solid waste management system;
 Undertake proposal of additional activities/uses which can co-exist with formal and
informal green where ever appropriate and necessary;
 Conduct participatory discussion on the outputs and make rectification accordingly.
70
Activity 8.6.1: Identify optimal scenario of institutional options for planning &
designing
 Identify the key factors that determine the type of responses to institutional
needs of implementing the proposed LDP;
 Select appropriate institutional strategies, standards and special
considerations for the identified development scenario for the LDP area
Activity 8.6.2: Prepare institutional plan
 Undertake proposal of the necessary institutions (existing and/or new) for the
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the LDP;
 Assign institutions for the activities proposed in the LDP;
 Come up with proposals towards incorporating LDP implementation in
mandates of assigned institutions, and work out detail duties &
responsibilities to be assumed;
 Develop appropriate public private partnership scenario for the LDP
implementation;
 Conduct internal jury on the plan and make the necessary rectifications
accordingly.
Activity 8.7.1: Identify ways in which selected optimal scenario of financial option
can be followed in planning & designing financial proposals
 Identify existing local potentials towards financing of implementing proposed LDP

programs;
 Come up with appropriate financial strategies, and special considerations for
financing identified developments in the LDP area;
 Come up with feasible public private partnership in financing proposed LDP
programs.
Activity 8.7.2: Prepare the required financial plan for implementation of the
proposed LDP
 Make rough estimate of development cost for basic public facilities in the LDP
area;
 Prepare long term and short term financial plan for identified basic urban
facilities;
71
 Suggest innovative financing schemes for meeting long and short term financial
needs;
 Forecast impact of the LDP on revenue generation (taxes and non-taxes);
 Come up with sound proposals cost-sharing among government and other
stakeholders (private companies, NGOs, CBOs and local community);
 Come up with source of finance proposals which consider the following:
 Government’s direct capital budget to activities where necessary
 Cost recovery mechanisms to activities where necessary;
 Revolving fund mechanisms to activities where necessary;
 Matching fund mechanisms to activities where necessary;
 Cost sharing mechanisms to activities where necessary;
 Full or partial public contribution mechanisms where necessary;
 Soft Loan and credit where necessary;
 Financial donations, material and/or technical supports etc.
 Conduct internal jury on the plan and make the necessary rectification
accordingly;
 Conduct participatory discussion on financial proposals and make the necessary
rectification accordingly.
Identify how the selected optimal scenario of legal option can undergo into the
planning & design
 Specify the legal requirements, list the necessary legal documents to be prepared
and identify detail issues to be addressed in the policy statements;
 Draft proposal legislatives for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the
LDP processes
 Check the consistency, harmony and complementarities between proposed LDP
legislative and other legislatives
 Conduct participatory discussion on legal proposals and make the necessary
rectification accordingly.
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Tips to the tasks

 For socio economic proposals SPSS, Excel Software may be used. For physical and
spatial proposals AutoCad Software or GIS may used.
 Special attention may be given to preserve historical/heritage sites and structures that
are identified during data collection.
CHOOSE APPROPRIATE 1st CONDUCT PLANNING & DESIGN ON THE 4th

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY COMPONENT PARTS
FOR THE SELECTED OPTIMAL Socioeconomic Component with its spatial, institutional,
SCENARIO financial and legal implications & considerations.
Comprising
Socioeconomic, Spatial,
Institutional, Financial and Legal Spatial/Physical/Environmental Component with its
proposals socioeconomic, institutional, financial and legal
implications & considerations.
GATHER LIST OF ITEMS 2n Institutional Component with its socioeconomic, spatial,

TO BE INCORPORATED FUR- d financial and legal implications & considerations.
THER INTO THE PLAN & DESIGN
OF EACH COMPONENT PARTS
OF LDP VIS-À-VIS STANDARDS, Financial Component with its socioeconomic, spatial,
AND THEN RE-ORGANIZE institutional, and legal implications & considerations.
SYSTEMATICALLY THE
REQUIRED ELEMENTS INTO
GROUPS AND UNITS TO MAKE Legal Component with its socioeconomic, spatial,
EASY FOR PLANNING & DESIGN. institutional, and financial implications & considerations.
CHECK UNIFORMITY & INTEGRATION, CONDUCT 5th

CHECK UNIFORMITY & 3rd INTERNAL JURY & THEN PARTICIPATORY DISCUSSION
INTEGRATION, CONDUCT
TASK 5.7:JURY
INTERNAL INTEGRATE
& THEN THE
PARTICIPATORY DISCUSSION WORKABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Activity 8.9.1: Identify key areas of integration
 Synchronize interdependent/interlinked planning elements proposals
 Articulate the cause-effect relationships and linkages that exist between different
development proposals as well as LDP components
 Spell out the key areas of integration
Activity 8.9.2: Ensure that proposals of the five LDP components are integrated
with each other
 Accommodate socio-economic implications of-

 The spatial, physical and environmental proposals,
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 Institutional proposals,
 Financial proposals, and
 Legal proposals.
 Accommodate the spatial, physical and environmental implications of-
 Socio-economic proposals,
 Institutional proposals,
 Legal proposals
 Accommodate the Institutional implications of-
 The socio-economic proposals,
 Legal proposals.
 Accommodate the financial implications of-
 Institutional proposals, and
 Legal proposals
 Accommodate the legal implications of-
 The institutional proposals.
 Conduct internal jury on outcome of this activity.
Activity 8.10.1: Integrate the LDP with other plans

 Synchronize the LDP proposals with Structure Plan;
 Integrate the LDP proposals with the ongoing development programs/projects in the
area;
 Communicate the integration proposals to relevant bodies and thereby incorporate
their feedbacks;
 Conduct consultative meeting with the relevant stakeholders on the proposals;
74
 Rectify conflicting proposals with other plans;

 Come up with proposals to be accommodated in other plans in favor of the LDP
proposals.
Activity 8.10.2: Synthesize proposals generated in the preceding planning
processes
 Undertake a synthesizing analysis on outcomes of the foregoing planning
processes;
 Elaborate financial, institutional and policy implications of the proposed LDP, and
come up with summary of each implication;
 Sum up and produce synthesis of economic, social, physical and environmental
changes supposed to be generated from implementation of the LDP.
Activity 8.10.3: Translate the LDP synthesis into spatial terms
 Sketch the major development corridors schematically;
 Produce major structures of the LDP area;
 Map new zoning of major socio-economic activities in the
LDP area;
 Synchronize major land-uses, infrastructure networks,
service centers, strategic investment locations and environmental sites
graphically;
 Produce synthesis maps of the major LDP components.
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Tips to the Tasks

The process of integrating the proposals into one holistic package
APPROACH TO THE TASK
1. Preparing list of planning items to be incorporated in integration process

Check conformity and Identify areas of conflicts
Socio- Spatial, Financial Institutiona Legal

economic physical and Proposals l proposals proposals
proposals environmental
proposals
Make Rectifications and integrated proposals
Check conformity and identify areas of conflicts with other plans (SP, IUISP, Ongoing projects etc).
Make adjustments and produce integrated LDP
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PHASE NINE: PLAN APPROVAL
The purpose of Phase 9 is to give the urban plan a legal basis in line with Article 16 of
Proclamation No. 574/2008.
MAJOR TASKS
TASK 9.1: UNDERTAKE PRE-APPROVAL CONSULTATIONS
TASK 9.2: UNDERTAKE STAKEHOLDER FORUM DISCUSSIONS
TASK 9.3: APPROVAL OF THE LDP
TASK 9.4: DISSEMINATION OF APPROVED LDP DOCUMENTS
MAJOR DELIVERABLES / OUT PUTS

1. Established pre-approval consultation forum
2. Approval notice
3. Appraisal Report
4. Approved LDP
5. Disseminated LDP document(s)
RESPONSIBLE BODY
 Experts
 Stakeholders
1. Are all stakeholders taken care of?
2. Are the LDP documents disseminated to all relevant bodies?
3. Have all stakeholders participated in the pre-appraisal process?
4. Has the pre-approval notice been issued?
5. Have all stakeholders participated in the appraisal process?
6. Has the appraisal notice been issued?
7. Have all stakeholders participated in the approval process?
8. Has the LDP document publishing process been exhaustive enough?
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Activity 9.1.1: Disseminate relevant documents to key stakeholders (Steering

Committee, Stakeholders forums and relevant institutions)
 Spell out key issues for stakeholders discussion;
 Prepare executive summary of the LDP documents;
 Duplicate LDP synthèses documents in sufficient copies;
 Disseminate the necessary documents to the respective stakeholders.
Activity 9.1.2: Publicize the process of public discussions on the draft LDP
 Disclose the LDP to the public forums through available means of communication
such as:
 media
 notice board
 public networks (Edirs, CBOs, NGOs, etc);
 Display the LDP in some public centers.
Activity 9.1.3: Undertake consultation with steering committee on thematic issues
 Identify relevant stakeholders for different thematic urban issues in the LDP;
 Organize small group forums for each thematic issue by involving relevant
stakeholders;
 Incorporate feedbacks of the different forums in agendas of forthcoming wider
forums.
Activity 9.2.1: Approve agenda for wider public discussions

 Submit proposal agenda to the steering committee;
 Undertake discussion on the proposed agendas in presence of key officials and
head of departments within the municipality;
 Get the agendas approved.
Activity 9.2.2: Finalize the public forum preparations
 Send official invitation to participants;
 Prepare official speeches and brief presentations for the planned public forum;
 Organize venue and other necessary workshop logistics.
Activity 9.2.3: Undertake the public discussion
 Officially open the forum and introduce the agendas;
 Make brief presentation on key thematic urban issues in the ongoing LDP;
78
 Undertake plenary and group discussions on key issues;

 Organize workshop outcomes and incorporate in the final LDP documents.
Activity 9.3.1: Prepare the final LDP documents for approval
 Integrate stakeholders’ feedbacks;
 Prepare the final documents both in graphics and texts;
 Prepare executive summary of the final documents;
 Prepare the required legal document for enactment of the LDP.
Activity 9.3.2: Approve the LDP
 Disseminate executive summary documents to members of the decision-making
body at least a week before;
 Hold formal decision-makers meeting;
 Respond to any request for clarification;
 Get the LDP formal approval.

Activity 9.4.1: Publish the LDP document
 Make final refinement to the LDP documents by integrating input generated in the
approval process;
 Produce the final version of the LDP document;
 Duplicate and put official stamp on the LDP documents;
 Gazette the LDP approval document.
Activity 9.4.2: Disseminate the LDP documents
 Publicize the LDP enactment officially with possible means
 In national and regional capitals through media and official letters
 In medium and small towns through official letters
 Disseminate LDP documents to municipal officials and other institutions with
accompanying official letters;
 Make available for those who want to get the documents on sale.
Activity 9.4.3: Declare the LDP
 Prepare a declaration document that enables for the LDP to come into practice;
 Declare in public media that LDP is prepared and governs the area, specifying
scope of the area and validation time.
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PHASE TEN: IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND

EVALUATION
10.1. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation: Implementation could be defined as the process of translating
structure plan and local development plans into reality or practice.
The purpose of Implementation: The purpose of this phase is to state the practical
actions needed to translate the plans into visible products on the ground. The
implementation of LDPs should be based on the SP. Preparation of LDPs should focus
on strategic sites and projects with widespread effects that are identified and accordingly
given priorities for implementation in the structure plan and its components.
NTAN
MAJOR TASKS
TASK 10.1.1 PREPARATORY WORKS
TASK 10.1.2 CONDUCT IMPLEMENTATION WORKS
MAJOR DELIVERABLES/ OUTPUTS

 Training given to implementers
 Established implementing institution
 LDP, project documents, implementation program and regulations
RESPONSIBLE BODY
 Municipality/city council or town administration and plan preparing body:-
conduct training
 Municipality/city council or town administration:- Setup appropriate
implementation institution
 The established implementing institution or department:- prepare LDP
and projects for implementation and implementation work
KEY CHECK UP QUESTIONS

 Has adequate training been given?
 Is appropriate implementing body organized?
 Are the required implementation plans and regulations prepared?
TIME REQUIRED - Depends on the size and complexity of the local development plan.
80
Task 10.1.1 PREPARATORY WORKS
Activity 10.1.1.1 Conduct Training

 Provide intensive training for all concerned bodies on how to implement the
new local development plane in line with the structure plan;
 Arrange training separately for various issues
Activity 10.1.1.2 Setup appropriate implementation institutions
 Establish required implementing institutions with defined roles and duties
based on the proposals of the local development plan,
 Give copies of the local development plan to the respective units of the
municipality and to state bureaus to help them plan their activities
accordingly.
Activity 10.1.1.3 Prepare LDP, Parcellation Plan, and Projects for Implementation
 Prepare LDP, parcelation plan and project documents for implementation
 Identify and adopt strategic intervention areas
 Determine the types and amount of resources required
 Identify sources of finance
Activity 10.1.1.4 Prepare Implementation Program
 Prepare phasing plan of development

 Prepare implementation schedule
 Approve budget for both recurrent and capital expenditure.

Activity 10.1.2.1 Avail and refer relevant regulations, norms and
standards
 Make available all relevant implementation regulations such as urban planning,

land use, building height, etc. to the respective institutions and experts to ensure
a smooth implementation process
 Refer to the norms and standards developed in the local development plan for
the smooth implementation of development requests in the areas where LDPs
are designed to be implemented.
Activity 10.1.2.2 Implement LDP, Parcellation Plan and Projects
 Provide plots for construction of various activities based on the Local
Development Plans, Parcellation Plans and Designed Projects.
81
Activity 10.1.2.3 Check and examine the Update of SP which helps to operate the
designed local development project.
 Enter day to day implemented projects, LDPs, or parts in an appropriate map to
be used as data base for future planning and implementation. If possible use a
computerized system. If this is not available prepare sufficient hard copies
(original and backup) and register and enter every implementation data in the
map and also in the files.
10.2. MONITORING and EVALUATION
The purpose of monitoring and evaluation is to provide for responsibilities given to

chartered cities and urban administrations as per Articles 19 and 20 of Proclamation
574/2008.
Options for Implementation of LDPs

Implementation of LDP follows different paths in different contexts; in some cases
proposals of LDPs can directly proceed into implementation, while in other cases
additional project plans (such as urban renewal) are required to translate LDP proposals
into reality. The diverse processes which involve in LDP implementation can be depicted
schematically as follows.
Figure 3: Options for Implementation of LDPs
Officially Approved LDPs
LDPs in Expansion Areas & LDPs in Inner City Areas

Small Towns
Urban Renewal Urban Upgrading

Projects Projects
Public Investments Private Investments
82
MAJOR TASKS
TASK 10.2.1: PREPARATORY WORK
TASK 10.2.2: COMMENCEMENT OF WORK
TASK 10.2.3: MONITORING
TASK 10.2.4: UNDERTAKE EVALUATION
1. Identified implementing bodies
2. Trained personnel
3. Implementation schedule
4. Implementation fund
5. Established monitoring unit
6. Monitoring and evaluation formats
7. Filled evaluation formats
RESPONSIBLE BODY
 Experts
 Stakeholders
TIME REQUIREMENT – 228.5 days
1. Are all the necessary things for the implementation works fulfilled?
2. Are all stakeholders convinced to play their roles?
3. Do we have the consent of all parties involved?
4. Do we have pre-designed monitoring and evaluation plan?
Undertaking preparatory works before embarking on implementation of local

development plans would help to bring efficient and effective implementation process. It
also helps to conduct smooth implementation without confusion among all stakeholders
83
involved. Accordingly, the following key preparatory works are identified as decisive
prerequisites for successful LDP implementation.
Activity 10.2.1.1: Identify the role of the various actors
Proposed activities by the LDP should get owner and be directed to an already
established institution or to a newly established one for effective implementation.
Therefore, identification of the role of the various actors in the city/town is of great
importance.
 Identify the sole responsibility of the municipality, sector bureaus, the private
sector, and the community;
 Identify activities that could be undertaken jointly by the different actors such as
municipality and private sector, private sector and community, community and
municipality;
 Engage in an effective & pragmatic partnership with non-public urban actors for
realizing implementation of LDP proposals.
Activity 10.2.1.2: Conduct training
Training the implementing arm of the town/city on the newly prepared local development
plan is the first and the most critical part of the preparatory task since failing to do so will
certainly weaken the implementation process. It is, therefore, mandatory to train all
implementing institutions to bring about clear understanding of the plan and facilitate the
subsequent implementation. The following are the key actions to be taken to conduct
successful training:
 Prepare TOR for training;
 Prepare training materials (It could be prepared by plan preparation unit);
 Determine potential trainers (probably professionals from planning unit);
 Identif trainees (all professionals in the implementing institutions and urban
management body should participate);
Set the Time Schedule for the training
Activity 10.2.1.3: Prepare Action Plan
 The municipality should develop its action plan for both its sole responsibilities and
coordinating the activities of the other actors. Preparing action plan would facilitate
84
successful and efficient implementation and the subsequent evaluation. Give

priority for activities that are considered to be prerequisite for the private or
community development endeavors, notably infrastructure development and
establishing enabling regulatory framework
 Decide on the phasing of the main activities;
 Indicate estimated cost of projects together with their potential sources;
 Specify the responsible unit(s) along with its (their) respective task(s) within the
municipality;
Set measurable targets for each activity
After the completion of the aforementioned preparatory activities the actual

implementation of the LDP should commence in a very organized manner. At this point it
is assumed that different actors have taken up all the proposed activities. However, the
municipality will have the sole responsibility of coordinating these activities. With this
understanding, the following activities have been identified as important steps and
considerations by the various actors during implementing their respective plans.
Activity 10.2.2.1: Promotion activities

For successful implementation of the LDP, all the responsible institutions should engage
themselves in promotion of their respective tasks. This could be done through various
mechanisms, of which the following could be cited:
 Organize city wide exhibitions in order to create sufficient understanding of the
plan;
 Publish the various sector city plans in a reduced format and distribute to the
main stakeholders and the community at large;
 Introduce incentives for individual plot developers and investors;
Activity 10.2.2.2: Coordinate activities

The activities of the various actors should be coordinated mainly by the responsible
government institution to bring about integrated development of the locality under
consideration. This task demands strong commitment and concerted effort from the
government side. Effective coordination could be achieved through the following
measures:
85
 Arrange regular forum with sector bureaus (housing development office, road
authority, water, power, transport, etc) and co-ordinate their activities in the
project area in order to go in line with the plan;
 Establish regular public hearing forums to get feedback from the beneficiaries
regarding the performance of each institution.
Activity 10.2.2.3: Fund raising
Development undertakings in resource deficient areas inevitably demand pulling
together available resources in order to bring meaningful impact. Accordingly, local
development endeavors could be best sponsored by strong involvement of the
community through pooling together their resources (finance, labor, know-how and
material). Pooling these local resources needs concerted effort from all stakeholders,
mainly the government and CBOs. The following activities could be mentioned as the
best mechanisms of pooling local resources for development purposes:
 Establish locality development committee in which all interest groups of the
community should be represented, notably Representatives of :
 various formal associations like trade, professionals, women, youth, etc
 Elderly and prominent personalities
 Social and environmental activists
 Government institutions
 Utility companies
 Introduce innovative institutional and financial schemes, which lead into self-
financing LDP implementation;
 In cooperation with the committee the following fund raising and community
mobilization activities could be undertaken:
 Arrange local lottery through strong participation of the local community;
 Organize social events like music concert, theatre show, etc;
 Organize trade bazaar;
 Activate the community to contribute for the local development initiatives
through labor, finance and material donation.
Activity 10.2.2.4: Determine further actions according to the proposals
In undertaking all these activities refer carefully to the available regulations and manuals
notably renewal and upgrading manual, relocation and compensation regulation, etc.
86
 Assign specific authorized municipal body responsible for ensuring integrated

actions of relevant urban actors in LDP areas;
 Incorporate LDP policy statements in a municipal legal system and thereby
enforce accountabilities at all levels;
 Allocate plots for private developers upon demand;
 Delineate and undertake further study in areas that are proposed to be
redeveloped or upgraded;
 Delineate plots proposed for public services (Education, Health, Public Offices
etc).
 Hand over delineated plots to the respective government bodies.
TASK 10.2.3: UNDERTAKE MONITORING

Monitoring is an integral part of day-to-day management of implementation
process that helps to detect and solve implementation irregularities. The purpose
of this task is to contribute to early identification of problems of monitoring and
implementation before it gets complicated, which in turn simplifies the effort of
resolving the problems.
Activity 10.2.3.1: Establish and strengthen the monitoring unit

 Establish plan implementation monitoring unit;
 Lay down milestones that indicate what is to be done, when and by whom;
 Have a clearly defined monitoring & evaluation schedule;
 Establish a strong teamwork spirit among relevant institutions;
 Create well-established reporting mechanisms;
 Have updated land information;
 Establish plan implementation monitoring unit;
 Clearly regulate the mandate of the unit;
 Strengthen the capacity of the unit in all aspects for better efficiency;
 The unit could conduct its functions through the following mechanisms:
 Set regular in house report hearing sessions (it might be daily, biweekly or
weekly);
 Arrange regular presentation on the activities performed to the top
management of the city/town;
87
 Set compliant hearing forums for the community and take immediate
solutions;
 Provide all the necessary backing for the monitoring team/unit.
Activity10 2.3.2: Decide what to monitor

 Have a clear picture of what to monitor;
 Identify what to monitor;
 Set action plan for monitoring;
 Avail monitoring formats;
 Execute monitoring the implementation Sub-Process.
TASK 10.2..4: UNDERTAKE EVALUATION

The purpose of this task is to identify and quantify the level of performance of the
implementation Phase.
Activity 10.2.4.1: Determine the critical stages to undertake evaluation

Evaluation might take place:
 During deployment, to check whether all the necessary manpower and
material as well as techniques to begin activities are fulfilled;
 When a fourth of the activities is completed;
 When it reaches half way;
 When 75% is completed; and
 When all the planned activities are completed;
Activity 10.2.4.2: Identify variables that should be evaluated
 Présent achievements vis-à-vis pré-set objectives;
 Present objectives vis-à-vis beneficiaries’ opinion; and
 Présent achievements vis-à-vis bénéficiaires satisfaction;
Activity 10.2.4.3: Decide the level of detail of the evaluation process
 Identify scope of evaluation;
 Prepare evaluation checklist;
 Set evaluation criteria;
 Make decision.
88
89
Annex 1: Questionnaire and Feedback
MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

AND CONSTRUCTION
Urban Planning, Sanitation and Beautification

Bureau
Questionnaire for the Revision of the Local

Development Plan Manual
i
Annex 1.1: Questionnaire to be responded by Officials and Experts of
the Regional Urban Planning Agencies, and Consultants
Dear respondent,
The purpose of this questionnaire is to collect data for the revision of the Local Development Plan
(LDP) Manual prepared by Mathewos Consult under the supervision of the Ministry of Works and
Urban Development. The information you give through this questionnaire will enable us to establish
clear picture of the situation on the ground and forms a major part of the revision work. We kindly
request the respondent to e-mail and/ or fax the responses within two weeks time. Answers/ opinions
will be held confidential. Thank you very much for your sincere cooperation.
Instruction: Tick or give brief answers to the following questions and if necessary, use additional
pages/ papers for your responses and comments.
Name of Organization/ firm……………………… Region………………………..
I. As regards the use of the LDP manual

1. What type of city-wide planning approach do you follow? IDP…….. Strategic Structure
Plan……….. Structure Plan……………. Other, specify……………..
2. Do you use the local developmenmt plan manual during the preparation/implementation of city-
portion plans? Yes ……… No ………..
3. If yes (referring to Q#2), what weaknesses or gaps do you observe in the manual?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------- And if no, give your
reasons---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
4. Are there gaps/ mismatches in the manual with respect to Federal/ Regional policies and strategies
or legal provisions, other related Federal/ Regional manuals, etc? Yes………No………If yes,
indicate the gaps/ mismatches...
ii
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Do you have classification of cities/ towns regions different from the classification discussed in the
SP manual? Yes…………No………If yes, state the
classification--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Are basic guiding principles reflected sufficiently in the manual? Yes…….. No……….If no,
specify the
gap-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
7. Are the relationships with other types of plans such as Regional Development Plans clearly
addressed? Yes ………… No………………….
8. Has the manual addressed the U-U and U-R linkages well? Yes………. No…..……
9. Do you think that the manual is comprehensive, i.e., incorporates the minimum/ optimum necessary
planning guidelines, procedures and methods? Yes………..No……….
10. If no (referring to Q#9), indicate the weaknesses and
gaps------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Are the procedures and methodologies workable/ manageable and clear? Yes…………
No………….
12. What problems and gaps did you encounter in each planning step/ process, e.g. - in the use of data
collection and analysis methods?................................................................
13. Is the data collection format in the manual usable? What improvement do you propose?
14. Is the planning approach using the manual cost effective? Yes…….. No……… If no,
specify---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------
15. Is the manual rigid or does it allow flexibility?-----------------------
iii
16. Is the LDP implementation part of the manual addressed well? About Guiding principles,
procedures for implementation?--------------------
17. Is the investment/ financial aspect required for implementing the plan
considered?-------------------------------------------
18. What recent international and local best practices in local development plan preparation and
implementation
exist?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------
19. What are the weaknesses and
gaps?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
II. As regards plan preparation and implementation- reconsider and focus on the
manual
20. Are your local development plans guided by short-medium term (2-5 years) regional urban level
development plans?If not
why-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
21. What is the level of participation of the relevant stakeholders in the planning process and how much
did the manual help you in this respect? Are the necessary considerations as regards participation
included in the
manual?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
22. What do you comment on the approach regarding transparency and accountability in the planning
process? Are the targets of the manual as such
transparent?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iv
23. Are there professionals to carry out the local development planning task? Problems:
…………………..…Training and other
needs……………………………………………………………….
24. What is the average time it takes you to prepare LDP of a city/ town? (Put in
range)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. Are outputs and deliverables (including maps and accompanying reports) according to the manual?
If no,
why?.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
26. What outputs and deliverables are
missing?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------..
27. Do the outputs/deliverables consist of the necessary components of a local development plan?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
28. How do you evaluate the quality of the manual in terms of achieving development policies/
strategies and goals, in helping prepare quality maps and reports. in terms of sustainability,
accomplishment of the LDP …
etc?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
29. Is the manual helpful to undertake monitoring and evaluation planning and implementation
activities?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
v
ለአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን ማንዋል ክለሳ የተዘጋጁ መጠይቆችና ግብረ-መልስ
ለአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን ማንዋል ክለሳ ጥናት ግብዓት የሚሆኑ መረጃዎችን ለማሰባበሰብ የሚያስችሉ መጠይቆችን
በማዘጋጀት ለክልል ሥራና ከተማ ልማት ቢሮዎች፣ ለከተማ አስተዳደሮች፣ ለክልል ፕላን ኢንስቲትዩቶች/ለከተማ
ፕላን የሥራ ሂደቶች፣ ለከተማ ፕላን አማካሪዎች እና ለምርምር ተቋማት በማሰራጨት በተገኙ ምላሾች ላይ
የተመሠረቶ መልሶች ቀጥሎ በተመለከተው ሠንጠረዥ ቀርበዋል፡፡
ተ.ቁ. ጥያቄ/መልስ
1 በከተማዎ ለሚገኝ ውስን ቦታ የአካባቢ ፕላን ያዘጋጃሉ? አዎን-------አይደለም---- መልስዎ አሉታዊ ከሆነ ለምን አይዘጋጅም ቢያብራሩልን ?
የአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን የሚያዘጋጁ ከተሞችና የኮንሰልታንሲ ተቋማት ያሉ እንደመሆኑ መጠን በክልል ሥራና ከተማ ልማት ቢሮዎችና በተወሰኑ የከተማ
ፕላን ኢንስቲትዩቶች በኩል እንደማይዘጋጅ የተገኘው ምላሽ ያመላክታል፡፡ ለዚህም የተሰጠው ምክንያት ከማንዴት በመነጨ ሁኔታና ፕላኖቹ የሚዘጋጁት
በክልል ከተሞች በመሆኑ የተነሳ ነው፡፡
2 የትግበራ ስልቶች በአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን ማንዋል እና በሥራ ላይ ባለው የከተማ መዋቅራዊ ፕላን ሠነዶች ውስጥ በሚገባ ተቀምጠዋል? አዎን---------
አይደለም------ መልስዎ አዎን ከሆነ ያሉትን ድክመቶች እና ክፍተቶች ያመላክቱ፡፡
የትግበራ ስልቶች በአካባቢ ልማት ማንዋሉና በሥራ ላይ ባለው የከተማ መዋቅራዊ ጵላን ሠነዶች ውስጥ እንደተቀመጡ ከተገኙት ምላሾች ለመረዳት
ተችሏል፡፡ ሆኖም በአፈፃፀም ረገድ ያጋጠሙ አንዳንድ ችግሮች እንዳሉ ለመገንዘብም ተችሏል፡፡
3 በሥራ ላይ ያለው የከተማዋ የአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን ከመተግበሩ አስቀድሞ ተገምግሞ በህጋዊ መልክ ጸድቋል? አዎን-------------አይደለም-------------------
መልስዎ አይደለም ከሆነ ምክንያትዎን ይግለጹ፡፡
በሥራ ላይ ያለው የአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን ማንዋል ከመተግበሩ አስቀድሞ በህጋዊ መልኩ መጸደቁን መላሾች ገልጸዋል፡፡
4 በአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን ማንዋል ውስጥ የጸደቁ የአሠራር ሥርዓቶች ለሥራ አመቺ ናቸው? አዎን------------ አይደለም---------- መልስዎ አይደለም ከሆነ
ምክንያትዎን ይግለጹ?
በአካባቢ ልማት ማንዋሉ ውስጥ የጸደቁ የአሠራራ ሥርዓቶች ማዕቀፍን ለማሳየት ያህል ብቃት እንዳላቸውና በአፈፃፀም ላይ ግን እንደ ዝርዝር ጉዳይ
የመቀረብ ችግር እንዳለባቸው ከመላሾች ለመረዳት ተችሏል፡፡
5 የአካባቢ ልማት ማንዋሉ ፕሮጀክቶችን ለማዘጋጀት ያግዛል?--------------------------
የአካባቢ ልማት ማንዋል ፕሮጀክቶችን ለማዘጋጀት ያግዛል፤ ሆኖም በአፈፃፀም ረገድ የሚያጋጥሙ ችግሮችን ለመፍታት የማያስችል ነው፡፡
6 የከተማዎን ውስን ቦታ የአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን በተመለከተ በትግበራ ወቅት ያጋጠሙ ችግሮች ምንድን ናቸው?
የአካባቢ ልማት ፕላንን በተመለከተ በትግበራ ወቅት ያጋጠሙ ችግሮች የከተማ ዲዛይን መርሆዎችን በዝርዝር ያላሰቀመጠ /ያልነደፈ/ መሆኑ፣የአስፈፃሚ
አካል ሰብአዊና ድርጅታዊ ብቃት ደካማ መሆን፣ የአንዳንድ ፕላኖች ምኞታዊና የአካባቢውን አቅም ያላገናዘቡ መሆን የፕላኑን አፈፃፀ ም በታለመለት ጊዜ
ውስጥ ተግባራዊ ለማድረግ ያለመቻል፣ፕላኑ የከተማን ደረጃ በማሳደግ ላይ ያተኮረ እንደመሆኑ መጠን በመሠረተ-ልማት አውታሮች ላይ ለሚደርስ
የመፍረስ አደጋ ተገቢውን ማካካሻ ለመክፈል ያለመቻል ሁኔታ መከሰትን የመሳሰሉ ናቸው፡፡
7 ትግበራን በአግባቡ የሚያካሂዱ ተቋማት አሉ? አዎን-------- አይደለም---------መልስዎ አይደለም ከሆነ ምክንያትዎን ይግለጹ ?
የአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን ሥራ ከመሬት ልማት ሥራ ጋር ተጣምሮ የሚካሄድበት ሁኔታ ስላለ በአፈፃፀም ረገድ ትግበራን በአግባቡ የሚወጣ ተቋም እንዳይኖር
ያደረገ ችግር እንዳጋጠመም ከመለሾች ገለፃ ለመረዳት ተችሏል፡፡
8 ፕላኑን ለማዘጋጀት እና ለመተግበር የሚያስችል በቂ ባለሙያ፤ በጀት እና ሌሎች ሀብቶች አሉ? አዎን---------- አይደለም----------- መልስዎ አይደለም
ከሆነ ምክንያትዎን ይግለጹ?
በከተሞች ደረጃ የአካባቢ ልማት ፕላን አፈፃፀምን የሚከታተል አወቃቀር የማይኖርበት ሁኔታ ስልሚያጋጥም በዚሁ ምክንያት በሚከሰት ብቃትና የሥራ
ልምድ ያለው የሰው ኃይል እና የበጀት ችግሮች ምክንያትና እነዚህንም ተከታትሎ ሊፈታ የሚችል የአሠራር ሁኔታ ያለመኖር በፕላን ዝግጅትና አተገባበር
ረገድ የሀብት ውስንነት እንዳለ እንደሚያመላከት ከመተይቁ መላሾች ለመ ገንዘብ ተችሏል፡፡
9 ለትግበራው ሂደት የሚረዱ ደንቦች፤መመሪያዎች፣ የተለመዱ ሁኔታዎች እና ደረጃዎች አሉ? አዎን ------አይደለም------- መልስዎ አይደለም ከሆነ
ምክንያትዎን ይግለጹ?
አሉ፡፡
vi
vii
TIME REQUIREMENT FOR PHASES

According to the Addis Ababa City Urban Planning Basic Process Re-engineering study document 9 a
period of 6 months has been allotted to LDP preparation for an area of 25-50 hectares in the urban
center, a period of 3 months for an area of 10-25 hectares in rehabilitation of an expansion area and 2
months to that of 50-100 hectares for LDP in an expansion area. This will serve as a baseline to
estimating how long LDP takes from Initiation and Programme phases up to Approval phase which is
displayed in the Procedure Manual. The Summary of the phases is indicated below
Annex 1: Time Requirement in Months for Preparation of Local Development Plan
S.N. Location of the project Area in Hectare Period Remark
1 In an area where LDP is prepared 25-50 hectares 6 months
2 In rehabilitation of an expansion 10-25 hectares 3months
area
3 In an expansion area 50-100 hectares 2 months
Planning Small Town Medium Town

Phases days % days %
Initiation 25 20.8 30 16.7
Assessment 9 7.5 15 8.3
Planning
Issues 5 4.2 7 3.9
Vission 5 4.2 7 3.9
Data
collection 7 5.8 10 5.6
Analysis 10 8.4 15 8.3
Concept 7 5.8 10 5.6
Development
of Proposals 45 37.5 71 39.4
Approval 7 5.8 15 8.3
Total days 120 100 180 100.0
Months 4 6
---------
9
Addis Ababa City Urban planning BPR study document, 2009, Addis Ababa
viii
Annex 2: Formats
Format 1: Example of Stakeholders identification and analysis in LDP Process
Level of Mode of
LDP Type Key Stakeholders Area of Participation Roles to be Played Potential Interests
Representation Representation
1.Local Communities Phase I: Need assessment and visioning Expression of needs and  SC & RF  Idirs,  Sustain their
(Residents) setting of shared vision  Individuals,  Youth settlements
households, etc Associations,  Sustain &
Phase II: Data collection Information supply
 SC  Women increase income
Phase VI: Appraisal Ensure their needs are  SF Association,
addressed  Producers/
Phase VII: Implementation Financial and resources Service
contribution cooperatives
2.Local Business Community Phase I: Need assessment and visioning Expression of needs and  SC  Business  Sustain their
setting of shared vision Association business
Phase II: Data collection Information supply  Known
 SF
business
Phase III: Appraisal Ensure their needs are  SC persons
addressed
IV: Implementation Financial and resources  SF
contribution
LDP in Urban
3.Neighboring Communities Phase I: Need assessment and visioning  Information supply  SF  Local  Align programs
Renewal
[Having only local  Cooperation and administration and interests
Phase II: Data collection collaboration  SF  Business
concerns]
associations
Phase III: Appraisal  SF
IV: Implementation  SF
4. Utility companies (Road, Phase I: Need assessment and visioning Expression of needs and  SC Institutional  Sustained service
Water, Power, Telephone) setting of shared vision representatives provision
Phase II: Data collection Information supply  TC

Phase V: Integration Ensure their needs are  TC
addressed
Phase VI: Appraisal Align interests  SC

Phase VII: Implementation Resource allocation and  TC
execution
Phase VIII: M&E Periodic evaluation and  TC
progress monitoring
NB:-
SC – Steering Committee
SF – Stakeholders’ Forum
TC – Technical Committee
viii
Data Collection and Analysis Formats for Small, Medium & Large Towns
Format 2: Demographic Data Collection and Analysis Format
2.1. Population Size by Age, Sex, Education Level
Size of Family Members
By sex By age By level of education
S/N Diploma
House High
7- 15- 18- Illiterate Elementary and
No. M F <4 4 -6 >60 school
14 18 60 above
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
ix
2.2. Number of Households in the Area
Total No. Of Sex of Household Heads Average

S/N Area M F
Households Family Size
1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
Format 3: Social Data Collection and Analysis Formats

3.1. Marital Status of Residents with age 18 and above
Marital Status
House HH
S/N Married Divorced Widow Unmarried
No. Head
M F M F M F M F M F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
3.2. Families in the Locality by Sex of Family Heads (in percentage)

Sex of Household Heads (%)
S/N Areas M F
x
1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
3 City/town
3.3. Participation of Families in Different Social Networks

Type of Social Networks in which Family Members are Participating
Religious
Relatives Ethnics Friendship Professional
S/N House No. Idir Equb Associat
Associate Associate Associate Associate
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
3.4. Number of Students at School in a Family by Level of Education

S/N Number of Students at the Specified Level of Education
xi
House High
KG Elementary TVET Preparatory College/University
No. School
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
TOTAL
3.5. Level of Criminal Acts and Social ills in the LDP Planning and Action Areas (indicate
by marking X)
xii
Type of Social Level of the Social Problem
S/N
Problem Critical Moderate Negligible
1 Crime
2 Juvenile
delinquency
3 Prostitution
4 Beggary
5 Drug addiction
6 Sexual abuse
and trafficking
7 Streetism
8 Burglary,
robbery and
theft
Format 4: Economic Data Collection and Analysis Formats

4.1. Employment Status of Families in the Area
xiii
Employment Status
Engaged in
S/N House No. Unemployed
Employment Schooling
M F M F M F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
4.2. Employed Family Members in ‘X’ Area by Type of Employment
xiv
Formal Sector Informal Sector
Private
S/N House No. Gov't Self- Daily Petty-
Company Others
Employee Employed Laborer Trader
Employee
M F M F M F M F M F M F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
4.3. Residents by Size and Source of Income
xv
Source of income Average monthly income in birr
Transfer
House Formal Informal 0 1000 -
S/N from Pension< 500 500 -1000 1500 - 2000 > 2000
No. employment activity 1500
relatives
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
4.4. Families by Location of Work-places and Transport Types used for Home,
Work place Travel
xvi
Location of Work Place Type of Transport
S/ House Within Outside
N No. At Public Private
LDP Outside of of Taxis Office
home On foot bus cars
area LDP area town/city service
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
xvii
Format 5: Institutional Information Collection and Analysis Format

S/N Types of Institutions Number Key Areas of Operation Major Objectives
1 Government
-
-
-
2 NGOs
-
-
-
-
3 CBOs
-
-
--
Format 6: Legal Frameworks Data Collection and Analysis Format:

Missing legal
Scope of the legislation (mark by X)
List of existing instruments
S/N
legislations Local/
National Regional
City
1
2
3
Format 7: Financial Data Collection and Analysis Format

Major Infrastructure Networks and Public Estimate of Public
S/N Services in Short Supply in the LDP area Investments Required to
Fulfil Prevailing Gaps
1
2
3
4
5
xviii
Format 8: Physical Data Collection and Analysis Formats
8.1. Houses by Type of Ownership, Value and Housing Condition (Mark by X)
Value of Houses in ‘000 birr Housing Condition
S/N House Int'l
No. Private Government NGO/CBO Good Fair Bad
organization
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
xix
Data Collection and Analysis Formats for Cities and Metropolitans
Format 9: Population Data Collection and Analysis Formats

9.1 Size of Population in the LDP planning and action Areas
POPULATION SIZE BY SEX
S/N Area
M F Total
1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
3 City/ town
xx
9.2. Number of Social Service Institutions Available within and in the Vicinity of LDP Area
Number of Facilities
S/N Social services Within the LDP Within the LDP In the
action area planning area town/city
1 Schools
o KG
o Elementary
o High school
o TVET
o Preparatory
o College/University
2 Health institutions
o Health Post
o Clinic
o Health center
o Hospital
3 Sport fields
o Football
o Basketball
o Volleyball
o Ground Tennis
o Baseball
o Cricket
o Badminton
o Horse Racing
4 Recreation centers
o Parks
o Zoos
o Children Playgrounds
o Stadium
o Amphitheatres
o Golf Club
o Cultural Centers
xxi
9.3. Level of Criminal Acts and Social ills in the LDP Planning and Action Areas
(indicate by marking X)
Level of Crime Prominent Social Ills

S/N Juvenile
Area
Critical Moderate Negligible delinquency Prostitution Beggary
1 Action area
2 Planning
area
Format 10: Economic Data Collection Formats

10.1 Mainstay of Local Economy (Mark by X)
Dominant Economic Activity by Sector

S/N Sub-city/Wereda Industry/ Retail/whole Services
(Kebele) Manufacturing sale Trade (Hotels and Farming
other
Services)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
xxii
10.2. Data on Major Characteristics of Local Economy
Number of Firms by Sector
S/N Characteristics
Trade Service Industry Agriculture
1 Formal
1.1 Large
1.2 Medium
1.3 Small
2 Informal
2.1 Large
2.2 Medium
2.3 Small
10.3. Data on Local Residents’ Level of Income (in percentage)
Families with the Specified Monthly Income Category

Sub-city/Wereda (in percentage)
S/N
(Kebele)
<400 birr 400 – 2000 birr >2000 birr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10.4. Level of Unemployment in the area (% of Total Economically Active

Population)
S/N Areas Employed Unemployed

1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
3 City/town
xxiii
Format 11: Example of Existing Environmental Physical Data Collection
Format 12: Example of Existing Land Use Data Collection and Analysis Format
xxiv
Format 13: Housing Data Collection and Analysis Formats
13.1. Example of Existing Housing Type Data Collection and Analysis Format
xxv
13.2. Existing Housing Data Character of additional business: Yes : No: 21. ACCESSIBILITY FOR CARS
Yes: No:
1. LEGAL STATUS Noisy: Yes: No: 13. TYPES OF TOILET
Formal PIT LATRINE 22. PROPER FENCE
Dusty Yes: No: Yes: No:
Informal Private:
Smelly Yes: No:
Shared: Data gathered by_____________________
2. IDENTIFICATION
Out flowing
LOCATION: Yes: No: SEPTIC TANK Date________________________Signature_
House Number Private: ___________________
Other hazard
Kebele Yes: No: Shared:
Woreda 7. USERS OF THE HOUSE SEWER
“Other remark” No. of families of OTHERS

Main user 14. DRAINAGE
3. HISTORICAL
No. of other families - to ditch
Yes: Who share house - natural surface
No: 8. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: - other
ROOF 15. DRY WASTE DISPOSAL
4. HOUSING CONDITION
Thatched: Local Pit & burning/ Bury
Good:
CIS: - Municipal
Medium/ Fair:
Others:
Bad: - Throwaway
WALL 16. WATER SUPPLY
5. TYPOLOGY:
Chika: - Private tap:
Row House:
HCB: - Shared:
Detached House:
Brick/stone - None:
Storey Building:
Others 17. ELECTRIC SUPPLY
No. of storey:
- Private meter:
No. of rooms: FLOOR
- Shared meter :
Earth floor:
6. TYPE OF FUNCTION IN THE - None:
HOUSE Cement screed:
18. TELEPHONE
Purely residential Wooden/
Tile Floor : Yes: No:
Mixed with informal business 19. ESTIMATED MONTHLY RENT
Others:
Mixed with formal 9. TENURE TYPE 0-150 151-300
Business
Kebele:
301-500 501-1000
RHA
Type of Additional 1000-1500 1501-2000
Private Owner
Business:
Rental Price 2001-2500 >2501
Shop/Kiosk
Other 20. MAJOR MEANS OF
Bar/Catering TRANSPORTATION TO SERVICES
10. KITCHEN
Cottage - on foot
industry Yes: No:
- on bicycle
Animal 11. KITCHEN TYPE
- by vehicle
husbandry Shared:
- on animal
Others Private:
12. TOILET - Other
xxvi
Format 14: Institutional Information Data Collection and Analysis Format
S/N Types of Institutions Number Key Areas of Operation Major Objectives

Government
1
-
-
-
NGOs
-
2 -
-
-
CBOs
-
3 -
-
-
Format 15: Legal Frameworks Data Collection and Analysis Format

Missing Legal
List of Scope of the Legislation (mark by X)
Instruments
Existing
S/N Local/
Legislations National Regional
City
1
2
3
xxvii
Format 16: Financial Information Collection and Analysis Format

Major Infrastructure Networks and Public Estimate of Public Investments
S/N
Services in Short Supply in the LDP Area Required to Fulfill Prevailing Gaps
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Format 17: Example of Action Plan Format
Time Institutional framework Expected

S/N Detail Activities frame Core actors Stakeholders deliverable
xxviii
Format 18: Gaps Identification Sample Fromat for LDP Area
Key Areas of Need Existing Data (Facts & Required Level Gaps/ Causes for Options/ strategies to Prop Indicat
Assessment Figures) to meet the problems the problems meet the gaps osals ors
vision identified
Housing 10,000 HU 12,500HU 2,500HU  1000 new housing
units
 1500 HU to be
upgraded
Social Services NKG 2KGs 2KGs  Establish 2 Private
KGs
 Schools 1 Elementary school 1 Elementary
- -
School
No Secondary School in 1 Secondary 1 Secondary Use the neighbouring
the LDP area but there School School School
is one in the
 Play Grounds neighbouring area
 No Children play 1 play ground 1 play ground Use the nearby play
ground in the LDP ground
area, but there is one
in the neighbouring
area at 1km distance
from center
MSEs 10 shops available 25 shops 15 shops 15 new shops to be
 Small shops established
 Carpentries and
wood works None 5 5
 Metal workshops 1 3 2
 Bicycles
2 5 3
maintenance
 Horse shoes
1 3 2
making
xxix
Format 19: LDP Outputs Format

19.1. Building Height and Building line
xxx
19.2. BAR and FAR
xxxi
19.3. Road Network and Infrastructure Alignment
xxxii
19.4. Three Dimensional View of LDP Study Area
xxxiii
Annex 3: Summary of Procedures
Introduction
This annex gives a concise and easy to catch up overview of the ten phases of
planning, each phase broken down into major tasks and the tasks into major activities.
The ten planning sub-processes are:
Phase 1: Initiation and Planning Programme
Phase 2: Situation Assessment / Review
Phase 3: Planning Issues Identification and Prioritization
Phase 4: Setting Vision, Objectives and Goals
Phase 5: Data Collection and Compilation
Phase 6: Data Analysis and Interpretation
Phase 7: Preparation of Concept Plan
Phase 8: Development of Proposals
Phase 9: Plan Approval
Phase 10: Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
Phase 1: Initiation and Planning Programme

 Purpose
The main purpose of Phase 1 is to make the key decision-makers and actors aware of
the necessary preparations that need to be made prior to commencement of the
project.
Who initiate LDP ► Municipality, private developer or community?
 Major Tasks & Activities
TASK 1.1: Initiation and Awareness creation,
Activity 1.1.1: Initiate LDP ► Get agreement of the higher official
Activity 1.1.2: Organize Stakeholders (use format No.1)
Activity 1.1.3: Conduct public awareness campaign ► Generate brainstorming agendas
from ongoing LDP initiatives
Activity 1.1.4: Conduct rapid assessment and set local development agenda
TASK 1.2: PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF PLANNING PROGRAMME

Activity 1.2.1: Prepare TOR of the Project ► Identify responsible bodies for different issues
in the process
Activity 1.2.2: Approve the TOR
xxxiv
TASK 1.3: PROCUREMENT OF PROJECT LOGISTICS & HUMAN RESOURCES
Option 1: To carry out the Project by Own-force ►Make sure skilled staff
&logistics are available.
Activity 1.3.1: Establish the Project office
Activity 1.3.2: Procure project logistics
Option 2: A Project to be outsourced ► Make sure of the agent’s supervision

capacity
Activity 1.3.1: Prepare a tender document
Activity 1.3.2: Process the tender and sign a contract agreement
TASK 1.4: DEVELOP OPERATIONAL/ACTION PLAN

Activity 1: Detail out operational /activity plan to identify the critical milestone and to
find out the respective activity.
Key questions
Is the LDP under consideration acknowledged by all stakeholders?
1. How far every key actor is aware, own and committed to discharge his/her
respective role in remaining LDP processes?
2. Is there a strong political commitment behind undertaking of LDP?
3. Are the necessary preconditions fulfilled to kick off the next planning process?
Phase 2: Situation Assessment / Review

 Purpose
The purpose of phase 2 is to carry out a general review and assessment of the
contextual situation, inter alia, economic, spatial, physical and environmental aspects
of the LDP site and the surrounding’s wider contextual setting.
TASK 2.1: CONDUCT SITUATION ASSESSMENT
Activity 1: Scan LDP site and its surrounding’s setting► Produce summary of the socio-
economic and physical/spatial / and environmental context
TASK 2.2: CONDUCT SWOT ANALYSIS
xxxv
Activity 2.2.1 – Internal Origin

Activity 2.2.2 – External Origin
Activity 2.2.3 – Plan of Action
Phase 3: Planning Issues Identification and Prioritization

 Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to identify major areas of needs as far as planning goes
and set sequential pattern for them.
TASK 3.1: IDENTIFICATION OF PLANNING ISSUES
TASK 3.2: PRIORITIZATION
TASK 3.3: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF PRIORITY ISSUES
Activity 3.3.1. Conduct detailed analysis on priority issues

Activity 3.3.2. Consolidate the result of the analysis
Phase 4: Setting Vision, Objectives and Goals

 Purpose
The purpose of Sub-Process 4 is to set the long-term situation the Institution is going to
arrive at and the possible course of action to follow in order to realize as a performer.
 Major Tasks
TASK 4.1. SETTING VISION OF THE LOCALITY
TASK 4.2. SETTING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR THE
TASK 4.3. FORMULATION OF STRATEGIES
TASK 4.4. ANALYZING AND DECIDING ON ALTERNATIVES
Phase 5: Data Collection and Compilation

 Purpose
The major purpose of phase 5 is to collect the necessary data required and to identify
the gaps to inform the LDP planning process

Activity 5.1.1: Make sure the necessary tools for data collection are ready
Activity 5.1.2: Launch the data collection process
Activity 5.1.3: Formally inform the data collection program to key data sources and
collaborators.
xxxvi
TASK 5.2: DATA COLLECTION and COMPILATION (See Formats in Annex 2)

Activity 5.2.1: Collect the relevant socio-economic data
Activity 5.2.2: Collect the relevant physical/spatial and environmental data
Activity 5.2.3: Collect the necessary institutional information
Activity 5.2.4: Collect the necessary legal information
Activity 5.2.5: Collect the necessary financial information
Activity 5.2.6: Compile collected data systematically
Phase 6: Data Analysis and Interpretation

 Purpose
The major purpose of this phase is to analyze the collected data required and to
identify the gaps to inform the LDP planning process
TASK 6.1: CONDUCT DATA ANALYSIS
Activity 6.1.1: Analyze economic fabrics and identify the gaps
 Source and level of income, type of occupation, constraints of
investment, employment gap, families below poverty line, etc. in LDP
area.
Activity 6.1.2: Analyze social fabrics and identify the gaps (See Format 5 in Annex 2)
 Marital status, social and cultural network, prostitution, types of crime,
 Major social problems and the needed level of intervention, etc. in
LDP area
Activity 6.1.3: Analyze spatial/physical and environmental information
 Existing land use vis-à-vis proposed land use, slope and soil, traffic
congestion and accident spot, Infrastructure, open spaces and
greenery, natural catastrophe, etc. in LDP area
Activity 6.1.4: Analyze existing institutional frameworks within LDP implementation Scope
 Capacity of municipal agency relevant for implementation, potential
partner in non- public sector, missing institutional element, etc. in LDP
area
Activity 6.1.5: Analyze existing legal framework
 compensation and relocation, land regulation, permits
xxxvii
Activity 6.1.6: Analyze existing financial framework for local development

 engineering cost estimate and sources of finances.
Activity 6.1.7: Generate the key thematic issues to be presented on stakeholder forums
 cause and effect of sectoral problems, and then major issues.
Activity 6.1.8: Undertake public discussion on preliminary conclusions and thematic
issues generated from the foregoing analysis
Key questions
1. How far are the key issues in situation analysis covered and captured?
2. Is there any issue still not yet clear or uncertain?
3. Are the findings and information at hand adequate and reliable to make
decisions and planning choices?
4. How far findings and conclusions of the foregoing analysis are shared with
and owned by the relevant stakeholders?
5. Are there outstanding issues/facts, on which consensus is not yet reached
among the key stakeholders?
Phase 7: Preparation of Concept Plan

 Purpose
The purpose of Phase 7 is to come up with an intuitive concept of the plan to be
prepared from the possible decisions arrived at after conducting data analysis.
TASK 7.1: Develop the Concept Plan
 Translate/interpret the major findings into planning issues
 Develop a conceptual framework which integrates the major LDP
components
 Develop alternative conceptual frame
 Clearly articulate major components of the LDP in the conceptual
plans
TASK 7.2. DISCUSSIONS ON THE CONCEPT PLAN
Activity 7.2.1. Conduct Discussions
Activity 7.2.2. Incorporate Comments
Phase 8: Development of Proposals
xxxviii
 Purpose
The purpose of Phase 8 is to integrate different components of the LDP in a way that
feeds and complements with each other. The planning & design team is expected to
give special attention to this task, mainly because unless proposals are integrated with
each other, the proposals will be contradictory and conflicting. When the proposals
become integrated, one activity in one of the proposals would have a positive spillover
effect on the other proposals eventually satisfying the planning goals.
 Major Tasks and Activities

Activity 8.1.1: Translate/interpret the major findings into planning issues
Activity 8.1.2: Develop alternative conceptual frame
TASK 8.2: DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR VARIOUS LDP

Activity 8.2.1: Develop management strategy
Activity 8.2.2: Develop financial strategies

Activity 8.3.1: Analyze how the identified development scenario can be taken into the
subsequent planning & design process
Activity 8.3.2: Spell out list of items to be incorporated in the plan for each of the LDP
components vis-à-vis set standards
Activity 8.3.3: Based on the planning ideas generated from activity 8.3.2 above, re-
develop concepts of each planning component

Activity 8.4.1: Determine economic proposals to fill the economic gaps
Activity 8.4.2: Determine social fabrics proposals

Activity 8.5.1: Generate existing land use and general spatial configuration proposals
xxxix
 Insert the exact sizes of existing features which are preserved within the action
area and that are projected from the planning area of LDP; and those standards
set in the structure plan;
Activity 8.5.2: Propose infrastructure and utility lines needed
 Road and associated physical facilities; Utility Lines; Land blocking, land uses,
plot parcelling & building blocks; Environmental aspect
Activity 8.6.1: Identify optimal scenario of institutional options for planning & designing
 Select appropriate institutional strategies, standards and special considerations
for the identified development scenario for the LDP area
Activity 8.6.2: Prepare institutional plan
 Undertake proposal of the necessary institutions (existing and/or new) for the
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the LDP

Activity 8.7.1: Identify ways in which selected optimal scenario of financial option can
be followed in planning & designing financial proposals
 Come up with appropriate financial strategies, and special considerations for
financing identified developments in the LDP area.
Activity 8.7.2: Prepare the required financial plan for implementation of the proposed LDP
 Come up with sound proposals cost-sharing among government and other
stakeholders (private companies, NGOs, CBOs and local community).
 Identify how the selected optimal scenario of legal option can undergo into the
planning & design.
 Conduct participatory discussion on legal proposals and make
the necessary rectification accordingly

Activity 8.9.1: Identify key areas of integration
Activity 8.9.2: Ensure that proposals of the five LDP components are integrated with
each other
xl

Activity 8.10.1: Integrate the LDP with other plans
 Come up with proposals to be accommodated in other plans in favour of the
LDP proposals
Activity 8.10.2: Synthesize proposals generated in the preceding planning processes
 Sum up and produce synthesis of economic, social, physical and environmental
changes supposed to be generated from implementation of the LDP
Activity 8.10.3: Translate the LDP synthesis into spatial terms
 Produce synthesis maps of the major LDP components
Phase 9: Plan Approval

 Purpose
The purpose of Phase 9 is to give the urban plan a legal basis in line with Article 16 of
Proclamation No. 574/2008.
The purpose of Phase 9 is to give the plan a legal status.
Activity 9.1.1: Disseminate relevant documents to key stakeholders (Steering Committee,
Stakeholders forums and relevant institutions)
Activity 9.1.2: Publicize the process of public discussions on the draft LDP
 Display the LDP plan in some public centers
Activity 9.1.3: Undertake consultation with steering committee on thematic issues
 Incorporate feedbacks of the different forums in agendas of forthcoming wider
forums

Activity 9.2.1: Approve agenda for wider public discussions
 Get the agendas approved
Activity 9.2.2: Finalize the public forum preparations
 Organize venue and other necessary workshop logistics
Activity 9.2.3: Undertake the public discussion
 Organize workshop outcomes and incorporate in the final LDP documents
xli

Activity 9.3.1: Prepare the final LDP documents for approval
 Prepare the required legal document for enactment of the LDP
Activity 9.3.2: Approve the LDP

Activity 9.4.1: Publish the LDP document
 Gazette the LDP approval document
Activity 9.4.2: Disseminate the LDP documents
 Make available for those who want to get the documents on sale
Activity 9.4.3: Declare the LDP
Phase 10: Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation

 Purpose
The purpose of Phase 10 is to provide for responsibilities given to chartered cities and
urban administrations as per Articles 19 and 20 of Proclamation 574/2008.

10.1. IMPLEMENTATION
NTAN
Task 10.1.1 PREPARATORY WORKS
Activity 10.1.1.1 Conduct Training

Activity 10.1.1.2 Setup appropriate implementation institutions
Activity 10.1.1.3 Prepare LDP, Parcellation Plan, and Projects for Implementation
Activity 10.1.1.4 Prepare Implementation Program

Activity 10.1.2.1 Avail and refer relevant regulations, norms and standards
Activity 10.1.2.2 Implement LDP, Parcellation Plan and Projects
Activity 10.1.2.3 Check and examine the Update of SP which helps to operate the designed
local development project.
10.2. MONITORING and EVALUATION
xlii
Activity 10.2.1.1: Identify the role of the various actors

Activity 10.2.1.2: Conduct training
Activity 10.2.1.3: Prepare Action Plan
Activity 10.2.2.1: Promotion activities

Activity 10.2.2.2: Coordinate activities
Activity 10.2.2.3: Fund raising
Activity 10.2.2.4: Determine further actions according to the proposals
TASK 10.2.3: UNDERTAKE MONITORING

Activity 10.2.3.1: Establish and strengthen the monitoring unit
Activity10 2.3.2: Decide what to monitor
TASK 10.2..4: UNDERTAKE EVALUATION

Activity 10.2.4.1: Determine the critical stages to undertake evaluation
Activity 10.2.4.2: Identify variables that should be evaluated
Activity 10.2.4.3: Decide the level of detail of the evaluation process
xliii
Annex 4: Standards
NB. For elaborated and detailed spatial and physical standards refer to the Revised
Standards for Structure Plan Preparation and Implementation by the Ministry of Urban
Development and Construction, May 2012.)
Standard 1: Data Types/Components

Data Types Potential Sources
Socio-economic Information Wereda (Kebeles), Municipality, CBOs, NGOs, House
holds, structure plan, the business community
Physical/Environmental Information Structure plan, site survey, planning and sectoral offices
Institutional Information Wereda(Kebele), Sub-City, Municipality,
Wereda/Zonal/Regional Urban Development Offices
Legal Information Wereda(/Kebele), Sub-City, Municipality,
Wereda/Zonal/Regional Urban Development Offices
Financial Information Finance Offices, business community
Standard 2. LDPs Preparation Levels

Urban category Type of LDP Responsible body
Small Towns - Having mainly city level concerns - Wereda Administration
- Having wider concerns than the
city
Medium towns - Having mainly city level concerns - Municipal
city - Wereda or Zonal
Administration
Large towns - Having mainly city level concerns -Municipal
city -Wereda or Zonal
Administration
Cities and metropolitans - Concerning mainly stakeholders of -Sub city/ Kebele
the specific locality
- Concerning city wide stakeholders -Municipality

- Concerning wider stakeholders -Zonal Administration
outside the city
Standard 3: Typical Road Profile Showing Utility Lines Alignment
xliv
W T Ts J J Ts T W
P P
P = power transmission line

T = telephone, telegraph, television
Ts = traffic signal line
J = Inlets and drainage line
W = Water
N.B. The service provision could depend on the levels of urban center. Telephone
could be optional for first level urban center.
xlv
REFERENCES
1. Addis Ababa City Urban Planning BPR study document, 2009, Addis Ababa
2. Draft Rathvilly Local Area Plan, accessed via internet, 2010
3. Lideta and Yeka Sub-districts, July 2010, Addis Ababa,
4. MATHEOS Consult, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN MANUAL, Ministry of Works
and Urban Development, Federal Urban Planning Institute, Sept. 2006, Addis
Ababa
5. Notice of Preparation Environmental Impact Report - Downtown El Cajon
Specific Plan City of El Cajon, accessed via internet,
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Urban Plan Proclamation No. 574/2008,
Addis Ababa
7. Summary of Procedural Manual for LDP, Sebsibe, MUDC, Addis Ababa
8. STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL (Revised), Ministry Of Urban development and
Construction, April 2012, Addis Ababa
xlvi

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FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF

MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND

URBAN PLANNING, SANITATION AND BEAUTIFICATION

LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN MANUAL

FIGURE 1 A FRAMEWORK OF THE ETHIOPIAN HIERARCHY OF URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM...............................................................5

ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE AND FEEDBACK............................................................................................................................. I

1.2. LDP IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHIOPIAN URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM.

Fig.1. A Framework of the Ethiopian Hierarchy of Urban Planning

Level 1 National Urban Development Scheme

Level 2 Regional Urban Development Plan

Level 3 City Wide Structure Plan

Level 4 Local Development Plan

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL

1.6 RATIONALE FOR REVISING THE LDP MANUAL

1.7 HOW TO USE THE MANUAL

2.2.1 U.S.A. Experience

2.2.2 European Experience

2.2.3 African Experience

ii) South Africa

2.3. LDP IN VIEW OF LOCAL PRACTICES- PAST AND RECENT EXPERIENCE

2.3.1 Past Experiences

Action Area Plan:

Conceptual Framework: Visioning is usually followed by development of conceptual

2.3.2 Recent Experience

Source: Addis Ababa urban planning institute

3.1 CONCEPTION AND PRINCIPLES

3.1.1. Key Issues and Concepts

Figure 1: Integration of key elements

Social & Physical &

Proposal of Proposals of Financial

.3.1.2 Why do we need LDP?

o Resource conservation: ensuring that planning decisions assist in the

o Detail out and bring the SP proposals down to earth;

o Harmonize the SP proposals with realities on the ground; and

3.1.3 Key Principles

3.2. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS

3.2.1 General Provisions

Factors that obstruct implementation of LDPs should be minimized as much as possible.

 General Land use Considerations: In terms of general land use considerations it is

3.2.2 Revising LDPs

 If the major assumptions of LDP have changed;

3.2.3 Urban Level Classifications

3.2.4 Data Collection and Analysis Considerations

Minimum Institutional Requirement: As any other urban plans, effectiveness and

PART II: THE PROCEDURE MANUAL

Figure 2: Local Development Plan Preparation and Implementation Process

Initiation and Planning

Planning Issue Identification

Setting Vision, Goals and

Data Collection and

Data Analysis and

Feedback and Revision

The ten planning phases are:

PHASE ONE: INITIATION AND PLANNING PROGRAMME

 Make the key decision-makers and actors aware of the necessary

Task 1.1: Initiation and awareness creation;

MAJOR DELIVERABLES / OUT PUTS

1. LDP initiative document;

3. Minutes of memorandum of understanding;

4. Defined local development agenda;

6. Approved project structure and budget;

8. Detail Operational Plan; and

9. Organized project management body