BLOOD GIVING SET

A set specially designed to transfuse blood. Its Strong, sleek and sharp spike with airvent to puncture
blood bag outlets. Drip chamber with filter mesh to keep out blood clots from entering the patient's
circulation. Regulator clamp to control transfusion rate.

features of Blood Transfusion Set:-

 Transparent and flexible.

 Super strong bevel- shaped spike for simple penetration.
 Kink resistant tubing.
 Effective roller controller for precise adjustment of the infusion rate.
 Drop factor 15drops/min
 Individually packed.
 Disposable non-toxic.
THE IV GIVING SET

The IV giving set is used in infusion therapy to administer fluids and medicines. IV giving set can support
various types of administration, designed to meet customer demands from basic to sophisticated
requirements.

Most infusion sets are made up of PVC material to ensure high strength, ease of sealing, resistance to
sterilization procedures, and are relatively more economical. Based on the purpose of usage, the IV
infusion set is divided into two types:

Microdrip set: This infusion set is used for pediatric patients and specific adult patients who require a
small, closely-regulated dose of IV solution as it delivers a small quantity with each drop.

Macrodrip set: This set infuses large quantities of IV solution at rapid rates as it delivers a large quantity
with each drop

Differences Between the blood giving set and IV Giving Set

BLOOD GIVING SET IV GIVING SET

They are used for administering blood products such as They administer non-blood products such as infusions
blood and platelets (IV fluids such as saline, dextrose)

Has 200 micron blood filter Has 15 micrometer in-line filter

PVC tubing with a standard length of 150 cm. It has a tubing length minimum of 150 cm

It has a drop factor of 15 drops/min t has a drop factor of 20 drops/mins

The filter size is 200 µ The filter size is 5 to 20 μm

Costlier than IV giving set. t is cheap

Qn 2 Difference between IV injection and IM injection of drugs

INTRODUCTION.

The administration of a medicine is a common but important clinical procedure. It is the manner in
which a medicine is administered that will determine to some extent whether or not the patient gains
any clinical benefit, and whether they suffer any adverse effect from their medicines.

For example, intravenous (IV) furosemide administered too quickly can cause deafness; oral penicillin V
given with food will not be well absorbed; over-application of topical steroids will cause thinning of the
skin and may lead to systemic side-effects.

Two main factors determine whether or not a drug will reach its intended site of action in the body:

The bioavailability of the drug;

 How the drug is given (route of administration).

 Bioavailability
Bioavailability is the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is
therefore available for distribution to the intended site of action. Drugs that are given by direct IV
injection are said to have 100% bioavailability. Some drugs that are particularly well absorbed by the
gastrointestinal mucosa may have bioavailability comparable to that of an IV dose – for example the
antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Most drugs do not have this availability by the oral route so the dose given orally
is usually higher than that given parenterally. For example, the beta-blocker propranolol when given
orally is administered in doses of 40mg and above. The equivalent IV dose is 1mg.The route of
administration and its formulation (tablet, capsule, liquid) can clearly influence the bioavailability of a
drug.

Difference between IV injection and IM injection

 IM = intramuscular. This is an injection of a substance into a muscle, usually the deltoid in the
muscle of the arm, or the gluteus maximus muscle in the butt. The viscosity of the fluid to be
injected dictates which muscle is used; the thicker the fluid, the larger the muscle it should be
injected into. where in IV= intravenous. A thin plastic cannula is inserted via needle in a vein,
usually in the hand or forearm. This allows liquids - from regular saline to antibiotics to pain
medications - to run continuously through a tube, into the cannula and into the vein. There are
also “ports” along the IV tubing, allowing for a “bolus” - a large injection - of whatever fluid or
medication needs to be delivered immediately and in a larger dose.
 IV drug administration achieves high plasma concentrations rapidly in plasma and tissues.
Where Muscles are very vascular structures, and IM absorption occurs by drug diffusion from
interstitial fluid and capillary membranes into plasma, and so onset of action is longer than IV
injection