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第二章 語態

I. 語態有兩種:
1. 主動語態(Active Voice):主詞發出動作。共有 12 種(前已敘述)
2. 被動語態(Passive Voice):主詞接受動作。(只有 8 種)
【句型】

(主動) 主詞+ 及物動詞+受詞

(被動) 主詞+ be +p.p.+by +受詞

方法:將原句主詞變為受詞,其前加放 by 或適當的介詞。原句受詞變為主詞。
動詞變換要領如下:
要點 D

時態 主動 被動
現在式 現在式 (am, are, is)+ p.p.
過去式 過去式 (was, were)+ p.p.
未來式 Shall(will)+原形 Shall(will)+ be+ p.p.
現在完成式 Have(has)+p.p. Have(has)+ been+ p.p.
過去完成式 had+p.p. Had been+ p.p.
未來完成式 Shall(will)+have+p.p. Shall(will)+ have+been+p.p.
現在進行式 (am, are, is)+Ving (am, are, is)+being+p.p.
過去進行式 (was, were)+Ving (was, were)+being+p.p.
不定詞 to+原形 To be + p.p.
現在分詞 Ving Being + p.p.

(1) 現在式主動變為被動:
I write a letter. (主動)

A letter is written by me. (被動)


(2) 過去式主動改為被動:
We saw many birds. (主動)
Many birds were seen by us. (被動)
(3) 未來式主動變為被動:
We shall do it tomorrow. (主動)

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It will be done by us tomorrow. (被動)
II. 其他各種被動語態:
1. 「不及物動詞+介詞」,介詞仍須放在動詞之後:
A policeman ran after a thief.
警察追小偷。
A thief was run after by a policeman.
小偷被警察追。
2. 授與動詞有兩種被動語態:
(主動) Tome gave Mary a pen.
(被動) Mary was given a pen by Tom. (保留直接受詞)
(被動) A pen was given(to)Mary by Tom. (保留直接受詞)
3. 不完全及物動詞改為被動語態:
(主動) We called him Tom.
(被動) He is called Tom by us. (正)
Tom is called him by us. (誤)
以受詞做主詞,不可用受詞補語做主詞。
4. 感官動詞和使役動詞(see, watch, feel, make……):
主動語態時受詞後用省略 to 的不定詞(即原形動詞),但改為被動語態時,
必須要用有 to 的不定詞。
(1) (主動) The teacher made me read the book.
老師叫我讀書。
(被動) I was made to read the book by the teacher.
(2) (主動) I saw Mary come.
我看見瑪麗來。
(被動) Mary was seen to come by me.
5. People, someone, we, you, they 做主詞,含糊地表示「大家」或「一般人」
時的被動語態:
(1) (主動)People say that he is rich.
(被動)It is said that he is rich.
(2) (主動)Someone broke the window.
(被動)The window was broken.(by someone 省略)
(3) (主動)They speak Spanish in South America.
(被動)Spanish is spoken in South America. (by them 省略)
6. 有助動詞的被動語態:

主動 被動
【句型】
助動詞+原形動詞 助動詞+be+p.p.

(1) (主動)I can do it.

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(被動)It can be done by me.
(2) (主動)I shall buy a book tomorrow.
(被動)A book will be bought by me tomorrow.
7. 祈使句的被動語態:

主動 被動
【句型】
原形+受詞 Let+受詞+be+p.p.

(1) (主動)Open the door.


(被動)Let the door be opened.
(2) (主動)Take it away.
(被動)Let it be taken away.
1. 被動句子用其他介詞代替 by:
(主動)The story interested me.
(被動)I was interested in the story.
此句子形式上是被動語態,其實 interested 是過去分詞已經變成形容詞,做
主詞補語用,以修飾主詞。
(主動)The bad news surprised me.
(被動)I was surprised at the bad news.
(主動)They know her.
(被動)She is known to them.
2. 表情緒的動詞,如果主詞是「人」時,一般用被動語態:
此時的過去分詞,已變成形容詞,做主詞補語用,修飾主詞。
I am much interested in English grammar.
我對英文法很感興趣。
They were surprised at his failure.
他們對於他的失敗感到驚訝。
3. 其他動詞,有些一般用被動語態:
She was dressed in white.
她穿著白色衣服。
Tom was born in Tainan.
湯姆出生於臺南。
They were seated by the fire.
他們坐在火邊。
The professor is engaged in advanced studies.
教授從事於高深的研究。

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1. Albert Einstein as one of the greatest scientists of all time. 【85 保甄】
(A) recognized(B)is recognized(C)has recognized(D)have been recognized
2. She is collecting stamps. 【83 保甄】
(A) interesting in(B)interesting to(C)interested to(D)interested in
3. I am not at all about the news. 【82 保甄】
(A) exciement(B)exciting(C)excitedly(D)excited
4. I am to meet you. 【86 四技】
(A) please(B)pleased(C)pleasing(D)pleases(E)pleasure
5. I found out that the letter to the wrong address. 【84 四技】
(A) had sent(B)has been sent(C)had been sent(D)sent(E)has sent
6. I am English. 【86 彰師、四技商】
(A) interest to learn (B)interested to learning
(C)interesting in learn (D)interested in learning
7. The Republic of China was in 1911. 【84 商專】
(A) fund(B)find(C)found(D)founded
8. People by the robots. 【84 保甄】
(A) fascinated by (B)are fascinating
(C)do not fascinate (D)are fascinated
9. All individual workers might if computers find that this job is
unnecessary.
【82 保甄】
(A) threaten(B)be threatened(C)threat(D)be threatening
10. Before you come back, the building . 【74 北商專】
(A) will finish (B)shall be finish
(C)will have been finished (D)shall have been finished
11. Chinese and English are two languages that in all the high schools
here in Taiwan. 【80 師大】
(A) are teaching(B)are taught(C)will teach(D)will be taught
12. Taiwan . 【75 北商專】
(A) has industrialized (B)has been industrialized
(C)have had industrialized (D)have been industrialized
13. A tourist guide must be in people and able to talk to them easily.
【88 保甄】
(A) interest(B)interesting(C)interested(D)interests
14. The great novel was translated many languages.
(A) on(B)by(C)into(D)with
15. The artificial flowers were made paper and iron thread(線).

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(A) of(B)by (C)from(D)into
16. The man standing and talking is the mayor of the city, who is(well-)known
his kindness.
(A) to(B)by(C)as(D)for
17. Nancy is going to get married Jack next month.
18. Please be .
(A) sit(B)set(C)sat(D)seated
19. Mary likes to in red.
(A) be dressed(B)dressing(C)dresses(D)dressed
20. Never be to gambling.
(A) addicting(B)addict(C)addicted(D)addicts
21. More crimes place in summer than at any other time.
(A) take(B)is taking(C)are taken(D)is taken
22. This classroom thirty feet forty feet.
(A) measures, in (B)measures, by
(C)is measured, in (D)is measured, by
23. He his elder brother in looks.
(A) resembles (B)is resembled
(C)resembles to (D)resembles like
24. A big fire in our neighborhood yesterday.
(A) was broken out (B)was happened
(C)was taken place (D)broke out
25. McDonald’s main entrée(主餐) .To tell the truth, its price is too
expensive
(A) is sold well (B)sells good
(C)is sold good (D)sells well

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