High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Steels For Cold Forming: Description

6/20/22, 2:24 PM HSLA steels
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High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels for cold

forming
Description
Steels in the HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) range are hardened by a combination of precipitation and grain size
refining, resulting in high strength with low alloy content. This enhances weldability and choice of coatings, since
these steels exhibit neither weld-zone softening nor grain coarsening. These grades are particularly suitable for
structural components such as suspension systems, chassis and reinforcement parts.
For their respective yield strength levels, these steels all exhibit excellent cold forming and low-temperature brittle
fracture strength (as from grade 320).
The entire range of HSLA steels offers good fatigue strength (suspension arms, strut mounts) and impact strength
(longitudinal beams, subframes, reinforcements, etc.).
Their mechanical properties enable the weight of reinforcement and structural components to be reduced.
The HSLA range of products is available in hot and cold rolled grades. The various grades are identified by their
yield strength.
Hot rolled HSLA grades are suitable for Class 1 hot-dip galvanised coating in accordance with standard EN 36503
(post-galvanising).
Applications
Steels in the HSLA range are suitable for structural components such as suspension systems, reinforcements,
subframes, longitudinal beams, chassis components, etc. The mechanical properties of hot-rolled HSLA steels and
their excellent cold-forming performance and low-temperature brittle fracture resistance enable cost-effective
solutions to be found for many parts and sub-assemblies requiring weight, thickness and size reduction, such as:
Chassis components
Wheels
Seat runners
Subframes
https://automotive.arcelormittal.com/products/flat/HYTSS/HSLA 1/20
Rear subframe in Extragal®-coated HSLA 300
Bumper bracket in Dual Phase 780
Impact absorber in HSLA 300
Designation and standard

These cross-references are given for information only. ArcelorMittal grades generally offer more narrowly defined
mechanical properties.
The table below summarises the cross-references between the ArcelorMittal product range, European standards
and standard VDA 239-100.
Cold rolled steel Hot rolled steel
CR210LA CR240LA
Euronorms Euronorms HC260LA (+ZE) / HX260LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZA)
VDA 239-100 VDA 239-100 CR240LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM)

ABNT NBR ABNT NBR ARBL-240 / ZAR-230
CR270LA
Euronorms HC300LA (+ZE) / HX300LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZA)
VDA 239-100 CR270LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM)
ABNT NBR ARBL-270 / ZAR-280
CR300LA
CR340LA
CR380LA
Euronorms
VDA 239-100
CR420LA
ABNT NBR ARBL-420
CR460LA CR500LA
Euronorms Euronorms
VDA 239-100 CR460LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-ZM) VDA 239-100
ABNT NBR ABNT NBR ARBL-500
Euronorms VDA 239-100
Uncoated (EN 10268: 2006 + A1: 2013): Steel grade Uncoated: Steel grade name-UNC
name
Electrogalvanized: Steel grade name-EG
Electrogalvanized (EN 10268: 2006 + A1: 2013 + EN Galvannealed: Steel grade name-GA
10152: 2017): Steel grade name+ZE

Extragal®: Steel grade name-GI
Galvannealed (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZF Zagnelis®: Steel grade name+ZM
Galvannealed (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZF
Zagnelis : Steel grade name+ZM
Extragal® (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+Z
Zagnelis® (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZM
Mechanical properties
CR210LA CR240LA
Direction RD Direction RD
Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 210 - 300 Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 240 - 320
Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 310 - 410 Tensile strength Rm (MPa) 320 - 430
Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 31 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 29
Min. r0-20 1 Min. r0-20
Min. rm-20 1.1 Min. rm-20
n10-20/Ag 0.15 n10-20/Ag 0.15
CR270LA CR300LA
Min. r0-20 Min. r0-20
Min. rm-20 Min. rm-20
n10-20/Ag 0.14 n10-20/Ag 0.14
CR340LA CR380LA
Min. r0-20 Min. r0-20
n10-20/Ag 0.12 n10-20/Ag 0.12
CR420LA CR460LA
Min. r0-20 Min. r0-20
n10-20/Ag 0.11 n10-20/Ag 0.1
CR500LA
Direction RD
Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 500 - 600
Tensile strength Rm (MPa) ≥ 560
Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 16
Type 2 Min. A80mm (%)
Type 3 Min. A50mm (%)
Min. r0-20
Min. rm-20
n10-20/Ag
A80mm %: Percentage elongation after fracture using a specimen with gauge length L0 = 80 mm (ISO 6892-1 type 2
(EN20x80))
A50mm %: Percentage elongation after fracture using a specimen with gauge length L0 = 50 mm (ISO 6892-1 type 1
(ASTM12.5x50) or type 3 (JIS25x50)
A%: Percentage elongation after fracture using a proportional specimen with L0 = 5.65 (So)1/2
Ag %: Percentage plastic extension at maximum force
BH2: Increase in yield strength between a reference condition after a 2% plastic pre-strain and the condition
obtained after heat treatment (170°C-20minutes)
Since HSLA steels can exhibit plateauing phenomena during the transition between the elastic and plastic stages it
Since HSLA steels can exhibit plateauing phenomena during the transition between the elastic and plastic stages, it
has been agreed that only the lower value (ReL) of the variations in Re should be taken into account in the plateau
zone.
Microstructure of cold-rolled HSLA 340 steel
Chemical composition
CR210LA CR240LA CR270LA CR300LA
Max. C (%) 0.1 Max. C (%) 0.1 Max. C (%) 0.12 Max. C (%) 0.12
Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.5
Max. Mn (%) 1.0 Max. Mn (%) 1.0 Max. Mn (%) 1.0 Max. Mn (%) 1.4
Max. P (%) 0.08 Max. P (%) 0.03 Max. P (%) 0.03 Max. P (%) 0.04
Max. S (%) 0.03 Max. S (%) 0.025 Max. S (%) 0.025 Max. S (%) 0.025
Al (%) ≥ 0.015 Al (%) ≥ 0.015 Al (%) ≥ 0.015 Al (%) ≥ 0.015
Max. Ti (%) 0.15 Max. Ti (%) 0.15 Max. Ti (%) 0.15 Max. Ti (%) 0.15
Max. Nb (%) 0.1 Max. Nb (%) 0.09 Max. Nb (%) 0.09 Max. Nb (%) 0.09
Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2
CR340LA CR380LA CR420LA CR460LA
Max. C (%) 0.12 Max. C (%) 0.12 Max. C (%) 0.12 Max. C (%) 0.15
Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.6
Max. Mn (%) 1.5 Max. Mn (%) 1.6 Max. Mn (%) 1.7 Max. Mn (%) 1.7
Max. P (%) 0.04 Max. P (%) 0.04 Max. P (%) 0.03 Max. P (%) 0.03
Max. S (%) 0.025 Max. S (%) 0.025 Max. S (%) 0.025 Max. S (%) 0.025
Al (%) ≥ 0.015 Al (%) ≥ 0.015 Al (%) ≥ 0.015 Al (%) ≥ 0.015
Max. Ti (%) 0.15 Max. Ti (%) 0.15 Max. Ti (%) 0.15 Max. Ti (%) 0.15
Max. Nb (%) 0.09 Max. Nb (%) 0.09 Max. Nb (%) 0.09 Max. Nb (%) 0.10
Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2 Max. Cu (%) 0.2
CR500LA
Max. C (%) 0.15
Max. Si (%) 0.6
Max. Mn (%) 1.7
Max. P (%) 0.03
Max. S (%) 0.03
Al (%) ≥ 0.015
Max. Ti (%) 0.15
Max. Nb (%) 0.10
Max. Cu (%) 0.2
Global availability
Under development
Customer trials
Commercial unexposed only
Commercial exposed and unexposed

CR210LA
Coating Global view EUR NAM SAM RSA CHI
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP)
Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS)
Electrogalvanized (-EG)
CR240LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR270LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR300LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR340LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR380LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR420LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR460LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR500LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR550LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
CR830LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR240LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR270LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR300LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR340LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR380LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR420LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR460LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR500LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR550LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR600LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
HR700LA
Uncoated (-UNC)
Extragal® (-GI)
Galvannealed (-GA)
Please contact us regarding the availability of additional HSLA products.
Forming
Drawability declines progressively with increasing yield strength.
Forming limit curves can be used to define the limits within which a material can be deformed without necking for
different deformation paths.
Example of forming limit curves calculated for cold-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 1.0 mm) (ArcelorMittal
model for Europe)
Example of forming limit curves calculated for cold-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 1.0 mm) (Keeler model
for North America)
Example of forming limit curves calculated for hot-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 2.5 mm) (ArcelorMittal
model for Europe)
Example of forming limit curves calculated for hot-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 2.5 mm) (Keeler model
for North America)
Please contact us for additional forming data for steels in the HSLA range with particular thicknesses and coatings.
Welding
Spot weldability is determined in accordance with the ISO 18278-2 method.
CR240LA CR420LA
Thickness (mm) 1.5 Thickness (mm) 1.5
Max. Si (%) 0.5 Max. Si (%) 0.5
Nugget diameter (mm) 7.11 Nugget diameter (mm) 7.12
Pure tensile (kN) 12.12 Pure tensile (kN) 12.55
Weld diameter (mm) 6.99 Weld diameter (mm) 6.93
Tensile-shear (kN) 14.11 Tensile-shear (kN) 15.74
CR460LA
Thickness (mm) 1.5
Max. Si (%) 0.6

Nugget diameter (mm) 6.88
Pure tensile (kN) 11
Weld diameter (mm) 7.35
Tensile-shear (kN) 18.09
HSLA steels can be readily welded regardless of the welding process.
Based on its experience (characterising its products), ArcelorMittal is able to provide technical assistance in
adjusting spot and arc welding parameters of any steel in the HSLA range.
Fatigue strength
HSLA steels offer attractive fatigue strength properties.
Examples of Wöhler curves for a variety of HSLA steels are given in the graph below. They are expressed in terms
of maximum stress versus number of cycles to failure. They are calculated for two loading ratios: tension-tension
R=0.1 and tension-compression R=-1.
Because of their high endurance limits, these steels are particularly well suited to parts subject to fatigue loading. To
restore the base metal endurance limit adjacent to welds in areas subjected to severe cyclic loading a post-weld
restore the base metal endurance limit adjacent to welds in areas subjected to severe cyclic loading, a post weld
treatment such as TIG fusion, hammering, shot-peening or grinding should be applied to the toe of the weld runs.
ArcelorMittal is able to provide comprehensive database covering fatigue performance of steels in its HSLA range.

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6/20/22, 2:24 PM HSLA steels

High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels for cold

Rear subframe in Extragal®-coated HSLA 300

Bumper bracket in Dual Phase 780

Impact absorber in HSLA 300

Designation and standard

Cold rolled steel Hot rolled steel

Euronorms Euronorms HC260LA (+ZE) / HX260LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZA)

VDA 239-100 VDA 239-100 CR240LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM)

ABNT NBR ABNT NBR ARBL-240 / ZAR-230

Euronorms HC300LA (+ZE) / HX300LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZA)

VDA 239-100 CR270LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM)

ABNT NBR ARBL-270 / ZAR-280

Euronorms HC340LA (+ZE) / HX340LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZA)

VDA 239-100 CR300LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM)

ABNT NBR ARBL-300 / ZAR-320

Euronorms HC380LA (+ZE) / HX380LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZA)

VDA 239-100 CR340LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM)

ABNT NBR ARBL-340 / ZAR-345

ABNT NBR ARBL-380 / ZAR-400

Euronorms HC420LA (+ZE) / HX420LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZA)

VDA 239-100 CR420LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM)

ABNT NBR ARBL-420

VDA 239-100 CR460LA (-UNC,-EG,-GI,-ZM) VDA 239-100

ABNT NBR ABNT NBR ARBL-500

Euronorms VDA 239-100

10152: 2017): Steel grade name+ZE

Zagnelis® (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZM

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 31 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 29

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 29 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 27

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 31 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 25

Min. r0-20 1 Min. r0-20

Min. rm-20 1.1 Min. rm-20

n10-20/Ag 0.15 n10-20/Ag 0.15

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 27 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 25

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 25 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 23

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 27 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 25

Min. r0-20 Min. r0-20

Min. rm-20 Min. rm-20

n10-20/Ag 0.14 n10-20/Ag 0.14

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 23 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 21

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 21 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 19

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 23 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 20

Min. r0-20 Min. r0-20

Min. rm-20 Min. rm-20

n10-20/Ag 0.12 n10-20/Ag 0.12

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 19 Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 17

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 17 Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) 15

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 18 Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) 16

Min. r0-20 Min. r0-20

Min. rm-20 Min. rm-20

n10-20/Ag 0.11 n10-20/Ag 0.1

Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) 500 - 600

Tensile strength Rm (MPa) ≥ 560

Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) 16

Type 2 Min. A80mm (%)

Type 3 Min. A50mm (%)

Microstructure of cold-rolled HSLA 340 steel