10-07-2022

10-JULY-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 10th July 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Altering green laws (FAQ) 18 12 12 12 12

2 Easing learning for children with ASD using robots 17 11 11 11 11

3 Akbar in different shades (Magazine) M5 M5 M5 M5 M5

4 Muon magnetism 17 11 11 11 11

5 Polio threat 17 11 11 11 11

6 Food carbon footprint 17 11 11 11 11

7 20 red pandas to make a home in the forests 1 1 1 1 -

8 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
9 Mains Practice Questions
*M – Magazine; C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

1
 10-07-2022

Pg: 18 – C;
Pg: 12 – T,
B, D, H;

Proposed amendments
Part A—Preliminary Examination
Paper I - (200 marks) • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
 Current events of national and international • The Water (Prevention and Control of
importance.
Pollution) Act, 1974.
 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-
diversity and Climate Change - that do not require • The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
subject specialization. Act, 1981.
Part B—Main Examination
• The Public Liability Insurance (PLI) Act,
PAPER-IV 1991.
General Studies‐ III: Technology, Economic
• These laws led to the setting up of the
Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security
and Disaster Management Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

• Conservation, environmental pollution and • Empowered it to take action - who pollute

degradation, environmental impact assessment.
air, water and land.

2
 10-07-2022

• Article 253 - EPA - November 19, 1986. Proposed amendments

• Framework for studying, planning, & • Seeks to decriminalize existing provisions of

implementing long-term requirements of this EPA.

environmental safety. • Remove the fear of imprisonment for simple

violations.
• System of speedy and adequate response to
situations that threatens the environment. • Replaces the provisions of imprisonment with
simple fines.

• Does not apply to violations that cause grave

injury or loss of life.

• For instance:

 Current E PA - Violations - 5 years or a

fine up to ₹1 lakh or both.

 Jail term - to extend to 7 years.

Source: http://greenubuntu.com/

Proposed changes
Issues
• Provision of a jail term for the first
• No clear rationale on why these
default removed.
amendments were necessary.
• Penalties may extend from five lakh to five
• Current laws had limited effectiveness.
crore.
• Indian courts took between 9-33 years to
• Appointment of an ‘adjudication officer’.
clear a backlog of cases for environmental
• Decide on the penalty in cases of
violations.
environmental violations.
• From 2018 - 45,000 cases were pending for
• Instead of imprisonment the amendment
trial.
proposes to impose penalties.
• More than 90% of the cases were pending
• Funds collected as penalties would be placed
for trial in five of the seven environment
in “Environmental Protection Fund.” laws.

3
 10-07-2022

Merits

• Certain category of crimes - ‘civil crimes’

 Easier to hold organisations accountable. Practice Question – Mains

• ‘Criminal complaints’ follow a set procedure GS – III
and it was extremely time-consuming. Q. What are the proposed amendments in
De Merits the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Do you think this proposed amendment
• Proposed penalties were too meagre. will address the lacunae in the existing
• Opened up avenues for large scale
law ?
corruption. (250 words, 15 marks)
• Adjudication Officers could be arbitrary in
their decision-making.

4
 10-07-2022

Pg: 17 – C;
Pg: 11 – T, B, D, H;

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.
 General Science.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these
schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these
vulnerable sections.
 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
Resources.
PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management.
 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

5
 10-07-2022

Autism

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

• Diverse group of conditions related to the

development of the brain.

• Generally begin at or before the age of 3.

• Lasts throughout life.

• Characteristics:

 Difficulty with social interaction and communication.

 Atypical patterns of activities and behaviours - difficulty in transitioning activities or

focusing on details etc.

 Restricted interests.

 Repetitive, and stereotyped

pattern of behaviour.

6
 10-07-2022

• Level of intellectual functioning, abilities and needs -

varies widely and can evolve. • Has impact on education and
employment opportunities.
• Co-occurring conditions:
• Care and support varies:
a) Epilepsy
 Some may live independently,
b) Depression
while some may require life-long
c) Anxiety care and support.

d) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). • WHO - worldwide, about one in 100
children has autism.
e) Difficulty in
sleeping • Often diagnosed later and not in

f) Self-injury etc. early childhood.

• Causes:
• Role of family, community, society, local and
 Exact cause not known. national authorities - important for greater
accessibility, inclusivity and support - for
 But involves environmental and genetic
enhancing the quality of life of people with
factors.
autism.
• Childhood vaccine does not increase the risk
of autism.

• No cure available.

• Interventions from early childhood and across

the life span.

 Evidence-based psychosocial interventions -

improves communication and social skills.

 Monitor the child development as part of

routine maternal and child health care.

7
 10-07-2022

Measures taken in India to enhance the quality of life of people with autism

a) Rights of Persons with Disability Act 2016 - covers c) GHARAUNDA or Group Home And Rehabilitation
all the disabilities. Activities for Disabled Adults.
b) National Trust for Welfare of Persons with  Provides an assured minimum quality of care
Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and services for persons with autism - throughout the
Multiple Disabilities - set up in the year 2000 as a life at an affordable price on a sustainable basis.
legal entity:
d) Niramaya - Health Insurance Scheme for persons with
 to enable and empower persons with disability Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and
 facilitate support to registered organizations Multiple Disabilities.

 deal with problems of disabled persons who do  Provides insurance cover up to Rs. 1 lakh.
not have family support,  Covers services - regular medical check-up etc.
 promote measures for their care and protection e) Vikaas Day Care - Day care scheme aims to set up
in the event of loss of parents and guardians, Vikaas Centres for welfare of persons with
 evolve a procedure for appointment of guardians disabilities.
and trustees so that equal opportunities,  Primarily for enhancing interpersonal and vocational
 ensuring protection of rights and full skills.
participation of such persons.

Robot Cozmo
News

• Novel technology developed by scientists from

Indian Institute of Science and Academy for
Severe Handicaps and Autism (ASHA).

 Uses toy robot Cozmo.

• Cozmo:

 Commercially available.

 Advanced facial recognition software.

 New ways to learn and play.

 Coded for formal education goals, social

communication or motor skills.

 Assists in learning of children with autism.

8
 10-07-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is
diagnosed through a blood test.
2. Asperger syndrome is a type of ASD.
3. People with ASD have abnormal levels
of serotonin in the brain.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

9
 10-07-2022

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 History of India and Indian National
Movement.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-IV
General Studies‐I: Indian Heritage and
Culture, History and Geography of the World
and Society.
 Indian culture will cover the salient aspects
of Art Forms, literature and Architecture
from ancient to modern times.

Pg: 5 – Sunday Magazine

– C, B, D, H, T;

Abu-Ul-Fath Jalal-Ud-Din-Muhammad Akbar

Initial years of Akbar
• Advent of the Mughal rule in India - rich culture
• Born to King Humayun and Begum
and ethical changes.
Hamida Banu - Exile (1542).
• Dates down to the 16th century AD.
• Keenly interested in learning all
• Ruled India from 1556 to 1605 AD. warfare techniques.

• Son of Humayun - ruled over India for 26 years. • Totally disinterested in reading or

• Grandson of Babur. writing.

• Not at all educated - keen interest in

gaining knowledge.

• At a very small age of just 13 years

- Shehanshah Akbar.

• Keen guidance of Bairam Khan.

10
 10-07-2022

Provincial Administration

• Bairam Khan - most faithful and • Divided his vast empire into fifteen (15) Subas

capable military general. or provinces.

• Initially a general in Himayun’s army. • Each suba or province - Subedar, a Diwan, a

• Bairam Khan helped Akbar to put an
end to Hemus’ constant dictatorship.
• Hemu was a Hindu Minister.
• Bairams command that Akbar’s
defeated Hemu.
 In the Second Battle of Panipat in
1556 AD.
Bakshi, a Sadar, a Qazi, a Kotwal, a Mir Bahr
and Waqa-i-Nawis.
• Subedar or Governor - head of the provincial
administration.
army
 Enjoyed vast powers and was in-charge of
the provincial military, police, judiciary and
the executive.
• Diwan - in-charge of the provincial finance.

 All bills of payments were signed by him.

• Bakshi - management of provincial army. • Kotwal - supreme administrator of all ‘thanas’.

• Sadar - in-charge of judicial charity • Responsible for the maintenance of law and
department. order in all the cities.

• Qazi - in-charge of judicial department. • Mir Bahr - in-charge of customs and taxation
department.
• Akbar supervised Qazis work.
• Waqa-i-Nawis - in-charge of secret service.

11
 10-07-2022

Military Administration • Mughul army consisted of infantry, cavalry,

artillery, elephants, and navy.
• Introduced a new system - Mansabdari
System. • Cavalry - most important wing of the army.

• Mansabdars - maintain soldiers according • Certain defects

to his grade or rank.
 Example: Mansabdars cheated the
• Paid salaries in cash. government.

• System of assignments of lands -  Soldiers - more loyal to the chiefs than

discouraged. to the emperor.

• Directly under the charge of the emperor.  Practice of payment through the
Mansabdars was precarious - often led
• Promoted, degrade or dismissed at
to abuses.
emperor’s will.
 Efficiency of one unit to unit differed.

Land Revenue Administration • Total produce of each land determined

separately.
• Land revenue - chief sources of Govt. income.
• Share of the state fixed at one-third of
• Land was measured into ‘bighas’.
the total produce.
• Cultivated land classification:
• Land revenue paid in cash or in kind.
 Polaj land - always cultivated and was
Judicial Administration
never allowed to fallow.
• Before Akbar - Islamic law.
 Parauti land - allowed to fallow for a year
or two to recover its strength. • Under his rule - Hindu law - Hindu parties.

 Chachar land - to be left uncultivated for • Islamic law - Muslim parties.

three or four years.
• King - highest court of appeal.
 Banjar land - to be left fallow for five
• Capital punishment given only in extreme
years or more.
cases by the emperor.

12
 10-07-2022

Religion Under Akbar

Social reforms
• Not an extreme Muslim
• 1563 - Pilgrim Tax abolished.
• Tolerant towards all the religions.
• 1564 - Jaziya - a tax imposed
• Made many religious matrimonial alliances
on non-Muslims - abolished.
• His marriage to the Rajput princess Jodha - his
• Tried to stop the practice of
kindness.
Sati.
• Got a temple constructed
• Discouraged Child marriage
for Jodha in his palace.
• Female-infanticide was forbidden.
• To strengthen his belief in
• Encouraged Widow-marriages. the oneness of all

• Propounded the principal of Din Ai Elahi.

 Spread the theory of “All Religions are Same”.

Art and Culture under Akbar • His forts and palaces in and around
Delhi - great masterpieces of
• A great patron for art and culture.
unmatched workmanship.
• Enjoyed the company of poets and singers & all
• Fatehpur Sikri, Allahabad Fort, and
types of artistic people.
Agra Fort etc.
• Was a great lover of music and poetry.
• 1605 - age of 63 Akbar suffered a
• His durbar was a unique amalgamation of great very bad bout of dysentery.
artists, scholars, poet, and singers etc.
• Took Akbar’s life.
• First imposing buildings erected in Agra.
• Buried in a dignified way in the
• 1570 established his new capital Fatehpur Sikri. grand fort of Agra.

• Combination of Indian Hindu and Persian Muslim • Akbar’s tomb is in Sikandra - north
architecture. west of Agra.

• Abandoned after 16 years due to a lack of water. • Succeeded by his on Jahangir.

13
 10-07-2022

Practice Question – Mains

GS – I
Q. Discuss the administrative reforms and
social reforms made by the Greatest
Mughal Emperor, Akbar.
(250 Words, 15 Marks)

14
 10-07-2022

Pg: 17 – C;
Pg: 11 – T, B, D, H;

15
 10-07-2022

Pg: 17 – C;
Pg: 11 – T, B, D, H;

16
 10-07-2022

Pg: 17 – C;
Pg: 11 – T, B, D, H;

UPSC 2019 Mains examination

GS – III
Q. What are the reformative steps taken by the Government to make food
grain distribution system more effective?
(250 words, 15 marks)

17
 10-07-2022

Pg: 1 – C, B, D, H;

Red panda • Almost 50% of the red panda’s habitat is

• Slightly larger than a domestic cat. in the Eastern Himalayas.

• With a bear-like body and thick russet fur. • Live in the rainy mountain forests.

• Very skilful and acrobatic animal. • Spend the vast majority of their lives in
trees - sleep and sunbathe.
• Predominantly stays in trees.

• Primarily an herbivore.

• Rarely eat meat.

• Name panda from the Nepali word ‘ponya,’ -

bamboo or plant eating animal.

18
 10-07-2022

• Chinese researchers - 2 species of Red

Pandas.

• Chinese red pandas and Himalayan red

pandas.

• Slightly larger than a domestic cat

• With a bear-like body and it has thick

russet or reddish brown fur.

• Chinese red pandas - redder fur

• Himalayan pandas - whiter face.

• Himalayan red panda needs more urgent

protection - lower genetic diversity and
small population size.

Reasons for population decline

Conservation Status
• Major reason - loss of nesting trees and
• IUCN - endangered
bamboo.
• Wildlife Protect Act, 1972 - Schedule 1
• Often killed when caught in traps meant for
other animals - wild pigs and deer. • A community-based conservation and
protection for the species - necessary.
• Poached for their distinctive pelts in China
and Myanmar. • Its habitat stretches across remote areas.

• Fur caps or hats have been found for sale

in Bhutan.

19
 10-07-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following pairs:
States National Park
1. Assam - Dibru Saikhowa
2. Tripura - Rajbari
3. West Bengal - Neora Valley
How many pairs given above are correctly
matched?
a) Only one pair
b) Only 2 pairs
c) All 3 pairs
d) None of the above

20
 10-07-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is
diagnosed through a blood test.
2. Asperger syndrome is a type of ASD.
3. People with ASD have abnormal levels
of serotonin in the brain.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

21
 10-07-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following pairs:
States National Park
1. Assam - Dibru Saikhowa
2. Tripura - Rajbari
3. West Bengal - Neora Valley
How many pairs given above are correctly
matched?
a) One pair
b) Two pairs
c) All 3 pairs
d) None of the above

Practice Question – Mains

Practice Question – Mains
GS – I
Q. Discuss the administrative reforms and
social reforms made by the Greatest
Mughal Emperor, Akbar.
(250 Words, 15 Marks)
GS – III
Q. What are the proposed amendments in
the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Do you think this proposed amendment
will address the lacunae in the existing
law ?
(250 words, 15 marks)

22