HEAT

HEAT

TOPICS -
1. About different types of thermometer
2. Temperature and Heat
3. Transfer of Heat
4. Sea Breeze and Land Breeze
5. Heat Absorption in Dark and Light Colours
 What is “Heat”?
Heat is the average energy
present inside the substance.
Heat is measured using unit of
Calories.
 TEMPERATURE

Temperature is a degree of hotness or coldness of an object. It's also

a measure of how fast the atoms and molecules of a substance are
moving. Temperature is measured in degrees on the Fahrenheit,
Celsius, and Kelvin scales.
Temperature can also be defined as the measure of how hot or cold
something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of
the particles in an object, which is a type of energy associated with
motion.
Temperature is measured using a thermometer.
 TYPES OF THERMOMETER
There are three types of thermometer:
► Clinical Thermometer
► Laboratory Thermometer
► Digital Thermometer

Clinical

Digital

Laboratory
 CLINICAL THERMOMETER
FIRST KNOWN USE OF CLINICAL THERMOMETER: 1875

A clinical thermometer is a thermometer used to

measure human body temperature. Most made in
the 20th century are mercury-in-glass
thermometers. They are accurate and sensitive,
having a narrow place where the mercury level
rises very fast. A kink in the tube stops the
mercury level from falling on its own.
These thermometers are used in clinics by
doctors, so they are also called a doctor's
thermometers or medical thermometers. Most
show both Celsius scale and Fahrenheit
temperature scales, and run from 35 degree
Celsius to 42 degree Celsius.
 LABORATORY THERMOMETER
► A laboratory thermometer is a tool used in laboratories to measure
temperature with high accuracy. It can be partially or fully immersed in
the substance being measured. A laboratory thermometer is
recognizable by its long stem with a silver bulb at the end.
► A laboratory thermometer doesn't has a kink and the range of a
laboratory thermometer is from -10 degree Celsius to 110 degree
Celsius. A laboratory thermometer has a Kelvin Scale.
Precautions to be taken while using a Laboratory Thermometer:
► The laboratory thermometer should be kept upright not tilted.
► Bulb should be surrounded from all sides by the substance of which the
temperature is to be measured. The bulb should not touch the surface
of the container in which the substance is .
Digital thermometer

Digital thermometer does not contains

mercury as the clinical thermometer
does. As mercury is a toxic substance
and disposal of it is very difficult, the
digital thermometers have been
introduced so that even if they break
down there is no chance of mercury
spillage.
HOW TO READ A THERMOMETER ??

► Video
 WAYS OF HEAT TRANSFER

► Conduction
► Convection
► Radiation
 CONDUCTION

► The process by which heat is transferred from the

hotter end to the colder end of an object is known as
conduction.
► Conduction of heat occurs when molecules increase in
temperature; they vibrate, and this vibration and
movement passes the heat energy to the surrounding
molecules.
► Some examples of conduction of heat are accidentally
touching a hot pot, or when we heat a pan the spoon
with it also starts getting hot because the molecules
vibrate and transfer heat.
 Convection

Convection is the heat transfer due to

the bulk movement of molecules
within fluids such as gases and liquids,
including molten rock. Convection
includes sub-mechanisms of advection,
and diffusion.
 RADIATION
► Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not
rely upon any contact between the heat source and
the heated object. Radiation of heat does not
require a medium. Sunlight comes to the earth
because of radiation as there is no medium present
between the atmosphere of the earth and the sun.
► Land Breeze and Sea Breeze both are caused
because of radiation. All hot bodies emit heat by the
process of radiation.
► Example of radiation of heat is that even our own
bodies radiate heat, also the heat we feel from fire is
also getting transferred to our bodies by radiation.
 Sea breeze
This process takes place for the duration of
the day .When at the daytime the sun is at its
peak hot the land also starts getting warm as
land gets warmer faster than water or sea,
the warm air above the land starts rising up
and to fill the vacant space of the raised up
air, air above the sea rushes to fill the space
and this process results in Sea Breeze .
 LAND BREEZE
► As we learned that Sea breeze blows during daytime WHEREAS, Land
breeze blows at night time .
► When at day time the land becomes warmer because land gets warmer
faster than water and the sea still remains cool, the opposite happens at
the night as the whole day the sea gets warmer but the land gets cooler
faster than the sea , because of which the warm air above the sea starts
rising up and to fill the vacant space of the warm air the air above the
cool air rushes to fill the space which is therefore called as Land Breeze.
 Heat Absorption in Light Colour Objects

When we where clothes of dark colour in summers we feel hotter and

warmer but if we where light clothes in spite of them we feel lighter
and cooler . Why ?
This is because light colours absorb very less heat and reflect heat.
Objects that are white reflect all wavelengths of light and therefore
absorb the least heat.
 Quick facts
Who discovered thermometer for the first
time?
Galileo Galilei invented a thermometer in
1593 which, for the first time, allowed
temperature variations to be measured. In
1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first
mercury thermometer, the modern
thermometer.
 Thank you
we hope that you liked our presentation

CREDITS-
&
NISHKA SHIVANGI
Class: 7A