‘kf6L{ ljefhg ePsf] xf]Og, s]xL dfG5]x?

efu]sf x'g’\
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ljefhg gePsf]
7f]s'jf ub}{ s]xL dfG5]x? kf6L{,
atfP . lalxjf/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
eQmk'/n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{stf{
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{{ ;Daf]wg ug]{
qmddf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;f] s'/f

cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; / qmflGtsf] atfPsf x'g\ .

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‘/fhgLltnfO{{ ;xL lbzfdf Nofpg kqsf/n] lg/Gt/ vj/bf/L ug{'k5{’

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{ s f dxf;lrj ljKnjn]
/fhgLltnfO{{ ;xL lbzfdf Nofpg
kqsf/n] lg/Gt/ vj/bf/L ug{'kg]{
jtfPsf 5g\ . d+ u naf/
sf7df8f}Fl:ylt kßsGof SofDk;df
cfof] l ht hgkqsf/ ;+ u 7gsf]
s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] lj:tfl/t a}7snfO{{
JoQm u/] . dxf;lrj ljKnjn] hgtsf]
clwsf/sf] nflu n8fO{ n8g]
lhDd]jf/L kf6L{sf] sfFwdf cfPsf
atfpFb} kqsf/nfO{{ hglxtdf lg/Gt/
snd rnfpg lgb]z { g;d]t lbP .
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g]kfnsf]
kqsfl/tf cfGbf]ng / hgkIfLo
kqsf/x?sf] gofF lhDd]jf/L, g]kfnsf]
ljz]if cy{ /fVg]5, dxflwj]zgn] ax;
ug{ vf] h ] s f b" / ufdL ljifodf
k|rf/k|;f/ ub}{ cfdhgtfnfO{{ ax;df
hf]8\g] sfd ldl8ofsdL{x?sf] xf],
o;sf nflu cjZos e" l dsf
hgkqsf/x?n] k"/f ug{' x'G5 eGg]
xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 .Ú
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] kf6L{leq s]xL
cj;/jfbn] df} s f x] / ] / a;] s f]
x'Fbf]/x]5, pxfFFx?n] To:t} ug{' eof] .
o:tf ;d:ofx? cfh dfq xf]Og, ef]ln
klg cfpg ;S5g\ . of] xfd|f] rfxgfdf
dfq} e/ kg]{ ;jfn xf]Og . o;sf
cfˆg} j:t'ut kIf klg x'G5g\ .
jf:tjdf hxfF sdhf]/ r]tgf x'G5,
ToxfF g} cj;/jfbn] 7fpF lnFbf]/x]5 .
cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0fcg';f/ ls t kf6L{
rnfpg] jf sAhf ug{ vf]Hbf]/x]5, olb
To;f] geP Tof] l9nf] rf8f] cnlUub}
hfFbf]/x]5 .Ú
bnfn k'FhLjfbL /fHo;Qf /
clxn]sf] qmflGtsf/L wf/faLr lg/Gt/
rNb} uPsf] bfpk]rtkm{ ;+st] ub}{
pgn] eg]– æclxn]sf] ;Qfn] xfdLaf6
s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf hgkqsf/sf
;+u7gsf ˆo|fS;g OGrfh{ k|Hjngn]
kqsfl/tfdfkm{t\ hgtfsf] ;]jf / k|; ]
:jtGqtsf kIfdf jsfnt ug{ '
kqsf/sf] bfloTj ePsf] atfP .
a} 7 sn] hgkqsf/ ;+ u 7g
g]kfnsf] rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfufdL
efb| !! / !@ ut] sf7df8f}F ug]{

bnfn k'h“ LjfbL ;Qf r/d\ ;+s6df

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj lg/Gt/ ;+3if{df xf]ld/xg'k5{ .Ú dxf;lrj ljKnjn] cj;/jfb
ljKnjn] bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Qf r/d\ ;+s6df /x]sf] / vf;vf; ;dodf cfpg] s'/f;d]t atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt;d]t qmflGt cg's"n /x]sf] 7f]sj' f cj;/jfbLx? df}sf s'/]/ a:g] / hlta]nf cfˆgf] kmfObf x'G5,
k|xf/ ug]{ atfP .
pgn] eg] –
…wd] { G b| – ;' b z{ g n]
9f8df 5' / L xfg] /
lxF 8 ] . k' ; ;Dd
;'bz{gn] lgjf{rg
alx:sf/sf] s' / f
u/] g g\ . wd] { G b| n ]
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k|:tfj u/]sf x'g\ .
cj;/jfbLx?n]
df}sf s'/]/ a;]sf
x' G 5g\ , To;} u /L
wd] { G b| – ;' b z{ g n]
r' g fj k| o f] u sf]
t T s f n L g
sfo{gLltnfO{{ axfgf
agfP/ cfˆgf] xfdL olta]nf cGt/;+3if{ k|wfg gxf];\ ls t t'?Gt cfTd;dk{0f, ls t t'?Gt lg0f{osf ;fy} ljleGg ;ldltsf] u7g,
kmfObfsf] nflu kf6L{ eGg] rfxfGYof},F kf6L{nfO{{ Pstfa4 n8fO rfxG5 . To;}n] p;n] tLg a'bF ] k' g u{ 7 g / s] l Gb| o ;b:ox?sf]
/ qmflGtdfly k|xf/ agfP/ afXo x:tfIf]klj?4 ;+3if{ ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{ dfg]sf] 5}g, sfo{If]q ;d]t x]/km]/ u/]sf] 5 . k|];
u/]sf 5g\ . dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;f] kf6L{sf] o'jf ;+u7g u/]/ lxF8] . ju{;+3if{n] cGt/;+3if{df klg z'l4s/0f Nofp5 .Ú s] l Gb| t ug{ klg ;' b z{ g x?nfO{ { aGbLx? 5f]8]sf] 5}g . t/, of] s'/f tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf
g]kfnsf] rf}yf] k"0f{ a}7snfO{{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;f] 7f]sj' f Pdl;;Lkl5 g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;]gf cfpF5 eGg] kf6L{n] atfpFb} ?kfGt/0f ug{ vf]hs ] f lyof} . To;f] xfdLn] /fd|/L a'em]sf 5f}F . xfdL clxn] xfd|f] k|lta4tf Û dfgjclwsf/sf] /Iff
u/]sf x'g\ . pgn] kf6L{sf lj?4 e|d km}nfpg] k'm6jfbLx?sf] cfPsf] eGb} clxn] Tof] s'/f k'li6 ePsf] ljKnjsf] egfO lyof] . geP t pxfFdf b]lvPsf] cfly{s g} ;x/ 5f]8g\ rfxGgf}, ufpF / zx/sf] / j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbsf nflu
sf]nfxn hgtfn] ljZjf; gug]{ atfpFb} eg]– …sDo'lg:6 pxfFn] cd]l/sL ;]gf cfpg] s'/f sf+u]|;nfO{{ klg yfxf ePsf] t/ ljrngsf] ;d:ofaf/] klxNo} s}of}+ ;DaGw cem dhj' b agfpg hgkqsfl/tf ÛÛ eGg] gf/f;lxt
kf6L{nfO{{ hgtf / /fi6«kl| t pQ/bfoL kf6L{ agfpg'k5{ . /fli6«o olt l5§} gfËf] 9+un] cfOxfN5 eGg] gnfu]sf] ;d]t k|i6\ofP . ;fyLx?n] s'/f p7fO;Sg' ePsf] lyof], rfxG5f}F . /fHon] xfdLnfO{{ ljZjf; ;+ o f] h s z] / axfb' / ljZjsdf{ s f]
:jfwLgtfsf] kIfdf lj>fd gu/L n8\g'k5{ . o'jfx? dxf;lrj ljKnjn] s+rg–;'bz{g PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf xfdL Tolta]n} sf/afxL ug{ ;SYof} . klg u/] s f] 5} g eGg] b] l vG5 . cWoIftf tyf ;~rfng / g]kfn
e|i6frf/, ;fdflhs lje]b, dx+uL, las[lt, la;+ultlj?4 -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_ pgLx? olt w]/} df}sf s'//] a;]sf pgLx?nfO{ of] s'/f 6fpsf] b'vfOsf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnjsf]
;Daf]wg ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;f] ;Qf /fhgLltdf b]lvPsf ;+s6 / ;do cl3 s~rg – ;'bz{gx?df xf]nfg\ eGg] xfdLn] ;f]rs
] f klg lyPgf}F . ljifo ePsf] 5 . ljz]if pkl:ytdf ePsf] a}7sdf
s' / f atfPsf 5g\ . dxf;lrj ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] elj:o tyf b]lvPsf] cj;/jfb / c/fhstfjfbL pxfFx? t cfˆgf] sdhf]/L n'sfpg af6f] pQm a}7sdf g]skfsf ;lrjfno ;xefuL s]lGb|o ;b:ox¿n] cf–cfˆgf]
ljKnjn] j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbL g]kfnsf] :jfwLgtfdfly a9\b} uPsf] v/fj k|jl[ ttkm{ ;+st] ub}{ eg]– …of] x]//] kf] a;]sf /x]5g\ . xf]Og eg] ;b:o ;Gtf]if j'9f du/n] kqsf/ lkmN8sf] sfdsf] df}lvs l/kf]l6{ª
/fHoJoj:yf gcfP;Dd g]kfn / ;fd|fhjfbL x:tfIfksf] vt/faf/] cj;/jfb vf]qmf] jfdkGyL cj;/jfb pxfFx? s'g} 5'§} s]xL ul/xfNg] eGg] t hut c? ;+u7geGbf leGg / jf}l4s u/]sf lyP eg] cfdlGqt ;b:ox?n]
g]kfnLn] ;xL Joj:yfsf] pkof]u ug{ lj:t[t ?kdf k|lzIf0f lbFb} eg] æxfdL xf], of] c/fhstfjfb / lj;h{gjfb xf]Og lg, clxn]sf] cGt/;+3if{df ePsfn] d' n ' s f] cfj:yf / cg'el" t, k|lta4tf / ;'emfj;lxtsf]
gkfpg] atfP . pgn] j} 1 flgs gjf} + dxflwj] z gnfO{ { j} r fl/s xf] . ;'bz{g s~rgx?df sltko kf6L{leqsf] Pp6f kª\lSt 86]/ unt gful/sx?sf jf:tljfs ;d:ofnfO{{ wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . a}7sdf g]skfsf
Joj:yfsf nflu cfk"mx? lg/Gt/ /fhgLlts ax;sf] ynf] agfpFb}5f}, ;d:ofx? x' F b fx' F b } klg xfdLn] ljifodf n8\ge ] Gbf klg wd{/fof], of] lgw{Ss eP/ phfu/ ug]{ bfloTj s]lGb|o ;b:o ;'zLn cf]nLsf] ;d]t
?kdf n8]sf] / n8\b} hfg] b[9tf ;d]t o;n] g]kfnL qmflGt / ljZjqmflGtd} ?kfGt/0fdf ug{ vf] H of} . t/, ;f]rgLo s'/f xf] . cj;/jfbn] ls t kqsf/sf] ePsf] jtfP eg] g]skfsf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

‘;a} ;d'bfo / ju{sf] d'lQmsf

lglDt PsLs[t hgqmflGt’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;a} ;d'bfo / ju{sf]
d'lQmsf lglDt PsLs[t hgqmflGtdfkm{t\
bnfn k'hF LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yf vf/]h
u/]/ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{k' g]{
atfPsf 5g\ . lalxaf/ >lds ;d'bfo
df]rf{ g]kfn s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf]
a}7snfO{{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ dxf;lrj
ljKnjn] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . pgn]
qmflGtdf >lds ;d'bfosf] of]ubfg
ct'ngLo /x]sf] atfpFb} qmflGtsf]
pTsif{df ePsf] x'bF f lg/Gt/ ;+3if{sf]
ckl/xfo{tf /x]sf];d]t atfP . >lds
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNk vf]hf}+
!= e| i 6frf/, /fhgLlts
;d'bfo df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf /fdnfn cl:y/tf / n' 6 tGqsf] cGTo M
ljZjsdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg a}7sn] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] x'ax' k'g/fj[lQ x'g'
Pdl;;L – P;lkkLnufot /fi6«3ft, hgo' 4 / @)^@÷)^# sf]
dxFuL, hftLo lje]blj?4 ;zQm ;+3if{ hgcfGbf] n gsf] pkxf; lyof] . 5 . u0ftGq eg]sf] n'6tGq kf] /x]5
ug],{ ;+u7g ;'b9[ tyf la:tf/ cleofg u0ftGq, ;+ 3 Lotf / wd{ l g/k] I ftfsf]
/+udf k'/fg} ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
k'g/fj[lQ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf] hu
cGTo eof] . cfh of] Joj:yf w]/} g}
cnf]slk|o ag]sf] 5 t/ g]tfx?df
cufl8 a9\g] b[li6sf]0f g} 5}g .
ev{/}sf] ljZj 36gfnfO{{ x]g]{ xf] eg]
>Ln+sf / hfkfgsf] rrf{ a9L g} aGg]
;Defjgfsf] glhs} 5f}+ . /fhgLlts
lx;fan] hfkfgsf k"j{k|wfgdGqLsf]
xTof klg jt{ d fg ljZjsf]
cGt/lj/f]w;Fu hf]l8Psf] cfs+ng ug{
;~rfng ug]n { ufot lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;lsG5 . pgL O08f] K ofl;lkms
To;} u /L, a} 7 sn] c;f] h ! /0fgLltsf l8hfOg/ lyP eGg
ut]b]lv sf7df8f}Fdf x'g] g]skfsf] ;lsG5 . xfdLn] g]kfnleq x]¥of}+ eg]
s]Gb|Lo dxflwj]zgsf lglDt kf6L{sf] g]tfx? lj?4sf] hgcfqmf]z lj:kmf]6s
cleofgdf df]rf{n] ;xsfo{ ug]{ aGb} 5 . g] t fx?sf] hLjgz} n L,
lg0f{o;d]t u/]sf] 5 . c/fhstf, e|i6Ls/0f / n'6tGqn]
;dfhnfO{{ c;Gt'lnt agfPsf] 5 .
Psflt/ b] z cfly{ s ¿kdf 6f6
klN6b} + 5 eg] csf] { l t/ To;sf]
;dfwfgk|lt /fHo df}g / /ldt] ag]sf]
eGg] l;4fGtsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
cfh /fHosf tLg} k|sf/sf ;/sf/x?
ab\gfldt ag]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf a9L
t k|bz] / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf]
cf}lrTodfly k|Zg p7]sf 5g\ . cgf}7f]
s'/f s] 5 eg] g]tfx?df of] ;+s6sf]
af/]df s'g} lrGtf 5}g . e|i6frf/sf]
cGTosf nflu ;+;b / ;/sf/n] s'g}
ax; rnfpFbg} . vfnL Psn] csf{nfO{{
e|i6frf/L eg]sf] 5, a;]sf] 5 . o;sf]
tYo s] xf] eg] ;a} e|i6frf/L 5g\ .
k|To]s sd{rf/Lsf] egfO{ x'G5, æufOsf]
b'wn] g'xfPsf] t 5}g .Æ ;DklQ
z'l4s/0f, 5fglag ug]{;Dd /fHon]
ub}{g eg] Tof] /fHosf] cf}lrTo s]
/xG5 < k|To]s gful/ssf] ;DklQsf]
clen]v s] /fHo;Fu x'g ;Sb}g <
;dfhdf /fhgLlt jf ;Qfsf] cf8df
/ftf/ft gjwgf9\o ju{ hlGdPsf] 5,
To;nfO{{ Pp6f ljlwdf Nofpg] bfloTj
s;sf] xf] < cfh ;a}eGbf a9L g]tf
/ sd{rf/Lsf] ;DklQsf] af/]df k|Zg
p7]sf 5g\ . g]tf g} e|i6 ePkl5
sd{rf/Lsf] s] bf]if eGg] csf]{ ts{
5 . s] of] n'6tGq / e|i6frf/nfO{{
5'6 lbO/x]sf] xf] < e|i6frf/ t cfh
n'6tGqsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ h:tf]
ePsf] 5 . cfh >Ln+sf ljZjs}
nflu pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5 . hgcfqmf]z
lji0f' kGt
lj:kmf]6 aGof] eg] lgod, sfg"g /
;+ l jwfgn] s] x L ug] { j fnf 5} g .
/fi6«kltn] l;+ufk'/ k'u]/ /fhLgfdf
lbPsf 5g\ . crDd nfU5, cem} klg
g]tfx? ef/t hfg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ .
b]zleq} ax;, 5nkmn / ;Dd]ng
ug{ ;lsFb}g < a[xt /fli6«o ;Dd]ng
jf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngx? ug{ ;lsFbg} <
b]znfO{{ ;xL lbzfdf n}hfg] xf] eg]
clxn]sf] ;+;bnfO{{ lj36g ug'{k5{ .
;+;bleq / aflx/sf ;a} bnnfO{{
clg gful/s ;d"xnfO{{ ldnfP/ gofF
lgsf; vf]Hg' a'l4dfgL x'G5 .
;a}nfO{{ yfxf 5, cfh /fhgLlts
cl:y/tf / ljs[ltsf] h8 ;+;b /
cbfnt ag]sf] 5 . ;+;b / cbfntn]
slxNo} klg ;do, kl/l:ylt /
kl/jt{gsf] wf/nfO{{ cfTd;ft ug}{
;s]gg\ . Pp6f ;f+;b, g]tf, sd{rf/L
/ GofoflwznfO{{ b]zsf] af/]df lrGtf
g} 5}g . g]tf aGg] xf] eg] ;a}eGbf
klxn] ljs[lt, lj;+ultx?sf] cGTosf
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
 2 @)&( ;fn ;fpg ! ut] cfOtaf/
lrlgof“ g]tfsf] g]kfn e|d0f / ;+;bjfbL /fhgLlt
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
✍ ;DkfbsLo lrlgofF sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ -
;+;bLo Joj:yf c;kmnl;4 ;LkL;L_sf ljb]z ljefu k|dv
lhofGrfcf]n] c;f/ @^ b]lv @( ;Dd
' lnp
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{non] xfn} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] %(cf}+ rf/ lbg] g]kfn e|d0f ug'{ePsf] 5 .
pxfFFsf] o; k6ssf] g]kfn e|d0fnfO{{
jflif{s k|ltj]bgcg';f/ d'ns ' sf] s"n a]?h" $ va{ *# ca{ %(
s/f]8eGbf a9L k'u]sf] 5 . utjif{ dfq} ! va{ @& ca{ ?k}ofF
lnP/ ljleGg lsl;dsf AofVof
laZn]if0fx? e}/x]sf 5g\\ . g]kfnsf
sDo'lgi6x?nfO{{ leqleq} ;xof]u
a/fa/ a]?h' ylkPsf] dxfn]vfk/LIfs sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . u/]sf] cf/f]k nfUb} cfPsf] lrlgofF
ut aif{ a]?h" !% k|ltzt a9Ln] plSnPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf g]tfn] o; k6s
sfof{non] cfly{s aif{ @)&&–&* df s"n &% va{ !& ca{ g]kfnL sf+u; ]| sf] lgdGq0ffdf g]kfnsf]
(% s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 .
e|d0f u/]kl5 pk/f]Qm e|dsf] kbf{
x6]sf] 5yP: . lrlgofF g]tf lnpn]
;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, v'n]/} g]kfnL sf+u|];;Fu kf6L{ut
;DaGw /fVg] / ;xsfo{ ug]{ s'/f
;ldlt tyf cGo ;+:yf ;d]tsf] u/L pQm kl/df0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
cufl8 ;fg'{ePsf] 5 . h;sf nflu
ul/Psf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] afFsL a]?h' $ cfufdL s]xL ;dokl5 g} g]kfnL
va{ !* ca{ *% s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof] . pQm a]?h'dWo] utjif{ %) sf+u; ]| sf g]tf tyf k//fi6« dGqL 8f=
ca{ @( s/f]8 a/fa/ km5\of}{6 ePsf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfOPsf] 5 . gf/fo0f v8\sfsf] rLg e|d0f x'bF 5 } .
To;qmddf ;LkL;L / g] k fnL
;+3Lo ;/sf/cGtu{tsf # xhf/ @ ;o *& ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] sf+u;]| sfaLrdf ;xsfo{sf] df]8n tof/
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] klg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . o:tf xf]nfeGg] w]/n } ] ck]Iff u/]sf 5g\\ .
To;}u/L lrlgofF g]tf lnp /
lgsfox?df utjif{ @* va{ @) ca{ #& s/f]8sf] n]vfk/LIf0f Pdfn]sf cWoIf s]kL cf]nLsfaLrdf
ePsf]df $( ca{ $& s/f]8 ?k}ofF a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . o:t}, klg cGt/+u jftf{ ePsf] lyof] .
k|b]zcGtu{tsf ! xhf/ ! ;o #! j6f lgsfo / sfof{nosf] @ To;qmddf d'Vot Pdfn] / lrlgofF
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{aLr nfdf] ;dob]lv
va{ (( ca{ %& s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] ;DaGw /x]sf] ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf]
lyof] . oL lgsfodf & ca{ $* s/f]8 ?k}ofF a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . b]lvof] . cGo kf6L{sf g]tfx?;Fu
lrlgofF g]tfsf] 5nkmn a9Ldf b'O{
o:t}, :yfgLo txsf] !) va{ %! ca{ ( s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf]df $# ca{ () s/f]8 a]?h' b]lvPsf]
306f dfq ePsf] lyof] eg] ;a}eGbf
w]/} Pdfn]sf cWoIf cf]nL;Fu rf/
dxfn]vfn] hgfPsf] 5 . 306f 5nkmn ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L rLgn] o;k6s Pdfn]af6
o;}u/L, d'ns
' sf $ ;o $* ;ldlt tyf c? ;+:yfsf] @ va{ laeflht eP/ ag] s f] PsLs[ t
^ ca{ !@ s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] . oL lgsfodf ;dfhjfbLnfO{{ klg dfGotf lbP/ ;f]
kf6L{sf g]tfx?;Fu cnUu} 5nkmn
!$ ca{ !( s/f]8 a]?h' b]lvPsf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
o:t} dxfn]vfsf cg';f/ of] aif{ cBfjlws sf/afxL u/L 6'+uf]
u¥of] . lrlgofF g]tf lnpn] dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn;Fu
nufpg'kg]{ /sd * va{ @( ca{ !% s/f]8 ?k}ofF k'u]sf] 5 . ut klg jftf{ ug'e { Psf] lyof] . ToxfF klg
g]sf+ / Pdfn]sf cWoIfx?;Fu h:t}
aif{ o:tf] /sd ^ va{ &^ ca{ $! s/f]8 ?k}ofF lyof] . o;/L cf}krfl/s s'/fx? dfq ePsf lyP .
jif]{lg a]?h' a9\b} hfFbf o;nfO{{ km5\of}{6 ug{ / /f]Sg ;/sf/n] s'g} dfcf]n] :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] lrlgofF
7f]; sbd rfNg ;s]sf] 5}g eg] ;/sf/ s} sf/0f a]/f]huf/, sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ljb]z laefusf
k|d'vn] g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|
dxFuL, e|i6frf/ / sfnf]ahf/Ln] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 . zflGt;'/Iff kf6L{;Fu s'/f ubf{ laz]if k|sf/sf]
Psfb]zsf] sxfgL ePsf] 5 . j}b]lzs x:tIf]k lbgk|ltlbg cnUu} dfGotf lbPsf] klg b]lvPg .
lnpn] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf
a9\b}5 . t/, ;Qfdf /x]sf / k|ltkIfL bnnufot ;a} ;+;b\jfbL bfxfn;Fu cnUu} jftf{ klg ug'{ePg
bn / g]tf ;Qfsf] bfpk]rdf d:t 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{{ b]z / hgtfsf] / dfcf]jfb jf dfcf] ljrf/wf/sf
s'g} k|jfx 5}g . ;/sf/, ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfx?sf xs{tn] ;+;bLo af/]df k|z+u klg p7fpg' ePg .
lnpn] /fi6«kltb]lv ljleGg 7"nf
Joj:yfsf] lr/x/0f ePsf] 5 eg] cfdhgtfdfem ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfx?;Fu 5nkmn ;s]/
Joj:yf 3[l0ft aGg k'u]sf] 5 . b]zsf] o:tf] lau|Fbf] /fhgLltnfO{{ g] d lskfsf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg
lah'S5]; + uF e]6ug'{ csf]{ cy{k0" f{ ljifo
;xL dfu{df Nofpg ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNk vf]Hg' clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . lnpn] g]kfndf e]6]sf
ePsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] eg]h:tf] g] s f+ b ] l v dfcf] j fbL s] G b| /
b]zdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{ clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . g]dlskf;Ddsf kfFrj6f kf6L{sf
cWoIf tyf g]tfx?;Fu Pp6} s'/f
To;sf/0f cfd;r]t gful/s g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] PsLs[t bf]xf]¥ofPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . Tof] eg]sf]
hgqmflGtdf ;dflxt x'Fb} ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] h/f] pv]n]/ b]zdf g]kfndf rLg la/f]wL ultlalw x'g
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{ sDd/ s;]/ nfUg'k5{ . cGoyf gkfcf];, rLgn] klg g]kfndf x:tIf]k
ub}g{ , cGo b]zn] klg g]kfndf x:tIf]k
oL ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfx?n] s'g} klg lbg g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ug]{ jftfj/0f gagf];, g]kfn c;+nUg
cl:tTj gfd]6 kfg]{5g\, r]tgf eof . k//fi6« gLlt / Ps rLg gLltaf6
g8udufcf]; . lrlgofF g]tf lnpn]
Zj]tu+uf xfO8«fk] fj/ cfOlkcf] lgisf;g ub}{
sf7df8f}F . Zj]tu+uf xfO8«fk] fj/ nfu]sf] xf] . OR5's nufgLstf{n]
g] k fn rLg ;DaGwsf k' / fgf
s' / fx?sf] :d/0f u/fpg] k| o f;
ug'{eof] . lacf/cfOsf] s'/f p7fpg'
P08 sG:6«S;g lnld6]8n] lwtf]kqsf] lwtf]kq af]8a{ f6 :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf eof] / g]kfnsf kf6L{x?nfO{{ cfk;df
k|fylds ;fj{hlgs lgisf;g - ;Dk"0f{ ;L–cf:jf ;b:o a}s + tyf ldn]/ sfd ug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .
cfO{kLcf]_ laqmL v'nf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ljQLo ;+:yf, d]/f] ;]o/af6 cfj]bg g]kfnL g]tfx?n] lrlgofF k|ltlglw
sDkgLn] ;fpg $ ut]bl] v k|ltlsQf lbg ;Sg]5g\\ . nufgLstf{n] Go"gtd d08nsf ;fd' cfk"mx? c;+nUg
!)) ¿k}ofF c+slt d"Nodf cfO{kLcf] !) lsQfb]lv clwstddf !) xhf/ k//fi6« gLlt / Ps rLg gLltsf]
laqmL v'nf ug]{ ePsf] xf] . sDkgLn] lsQfsf nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\\ . kIfdf /x]sf] k6s–k6s bf]xf]¥ofpg'
@# s/f]8 *( nfv %) xhf/ ¿k}ofF sDkgLsf] cfO{kLcf] laqmL k|aGwsdf eof] . g]kfnsf] e"ld k|of]u u/]/ rLg
a/fa/sf] @# nfv *( xhf/ %)) ;flgdf Soflk6n /x]sf] 5 . la?4 ultlalw x'g glbg] k|0f klg
lsQf cfO{kLcf] hf/L ug]5{ . h;dWo] cfO{kLcf] lgisf;gsf nflu u/fPsf] ug'e { of] . /fi6«klt laBfb]jL e08f/Ln]
kfFr k|ltzt cyf{t Ps nfv !( /]l6ª\ªdf sDkgLnfO{{ s]o/ /]l6Ë g]kfnn] tfOjfg, ltAat, l;lGhofª /
xhf/ $&% lsQf ;]o/ ;fd"lxs s]o/PgkL 8an aL cfOP; /]l6ª k|bfg xªsªsf d'2fx?df g]kfnn] rLgsf]
nufgL sf]ifnfO{{ ;'/lIft u/]/ afFsL u/]sf] 5 . o;n] sDkgLsf] bfloTj axg c8fgnfO{{ ;dy{g u/]sf] :d/0f
@@ nfv &) xhf/ @% lsQf cfO{kLcf] ug]{ Ifdtfdf dWod hf]lvd /x]sf] ;+st] u/fpFb} s'g} klg zlQmsf] x:tIf]k /
;j{;fwf/0fsf] nflu 5'6o\ fOPsf] 5 . ub{5 . sDkgLn] @*=! d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] lj:tf/sf] g]kfnn] lj/f]w ug]{ atfpg'
sDkgLn] cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf tNnf] lnv' hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf] lyof] . g] k fnL sf+ u | ] ; sf
jfl;Gbfx¿sf nflu cfO{ k Lcf] ul//x] s f] 5 . cfof] h gfsf] s' n ;efklt tyf k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/
lgisf;g u/] k Zrft ca cg'dflgt nfut ^ ca{ #& s/f]8 @) b] p jfn] t cfk" m n] sf7df8f} F s f]
;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu lgisf;g ug{ nfv /x]sf] 5 . nflhDkf6df /x]sf] bnfO{{ nfdfsf]
b"tfjf; x6fpg laz]if e"ldsf lgjf{x k'u]sf] 5 . To;}n] cd]l/sfsf nflu ljrf/wf/fsf] 7fpF d f …lrlgofF
u/]sf] atfpg kl5 kg'e
{ Pg . lrlgofF
g]tfsf] g]kfn e|d0fn] g]kfnnfO{{
g]kfnaf6 Pd;L;L kl/of]hgf lkmtf{
nfg'sf] csf]{ lasNk b]lvPsf] 5}g .
ljz]iftfx?;lxtsf] ahf/ ;dfhjfbÚ
sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] lyof] . rLgdf xfn
cd]l/sL ;}Go u7aGwg g]6f]sf] ;b:o lrlgofF g]tf lnpn] g]kfn e|d0fsf kf6L{ s f ljleGg Kn] g dx?df
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
lrlgofF g]tfsf] g]kfn e|d0fn]
g]kfnnfO{{ cd]l/sL ;}Go u7aGwg
g]6f]sf] ;b:o agfpg], cd]l/sL
;}lgsx?sf] k/]8 v]nfP/ g]kfnnfO{{
c3f]lift t/ j}wflgs ?kdfg} cd]l/sL
pklgj]z agfpg] tyf cd]l/sfsf]
;xof]udf cfufdL !% jif{;Dd g]sf+ /
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] sfo{ut Pstf
sfod /fVb} ;Qf / zlQmdf l6ls/xg]
;kgf b]vs ] fx?nfO{{ 5fFufaf6
v;]h:tf] agfPsf] 5 . lsgls g]kfnsf] ;+;baf6 Pd;L;L kl/of]hgf kfl/t
ePsf] gf6sLo 3f]if0ff ul/Pkl5 rLgn] cfkm\gf] g]kfn;Fusf] ;Ldf /
cd]l/sfsf] cfFvf nfu]sf] elgPsf] ltAatdf cfjZos ;}Go tof/L ul/;s]sf]
5 . cfkm\gf j/Lkl/sf !$ j6f b]zd} ;DaGw a9fpFb} pgLx?nfO{{ g]kfnnfO{{
h:t} Ps rLg gLltdf k'gM k|lta4 u/fPsf] 5 . l5d]sL rLgsf] ;f]xL tof/L
/ csf]{ l5d]sL ef/tsf] gf/fhLs} sf/0f at{dfg b]pjf ;/sf/ csf]{ cd]l/sL
of]hgf :6]6 kf6{g/l;k k|fu] f| d -P;kLkL_ af6 xlRsg afWo ePsf] lyof] . ;g\
@)!& d} ;xdlt eO{ g]kfndf nfu" e}/x]sf] P;kLkLsf] Dofb cem} sl/a 5
dlxgf cyf{t ;g\ @)@# ;Dd /x]sf] 5 . Tolta]nf;Dddf kfFr bnLo
u7aGwg l5GgleGg ;Sg] ePsfn] pgLx?n] P;kLkLsf nflu gofF kq k7fpg
;s]sf 5}gg\ . t/, cem} klg pgLx?sf] cfn6fn eg] sfod} 5 .
agfpg], cd]l/sL ;}lgsx?sf] k/]8 qmddf /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt dfcf]jfbnfO{{ OGsf/ u/] klg dfcf]
v] n fP/ g] k fnnfO{ { c3f] l ift t/ h:tf] eP klg rLg / g]kfn d'ns ' ljrf/wf/fnfO{{ ;+emg] ul/G5 eg] xfn
j}wflgs ?kdfg} cd]l/sL pklgj]z :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d ;DkGg ePsf] s'/f rLgdf /x] s f] l; lhg lkª
agfpg] tyf cd]l/sfsf] ;xof]udf af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofpg'n] rLg g]kfnsf] ljrf/wf/fnfO{{ dfcf] ljrf/wf/fs}
cfufdL !% jif{;Dd g]sf+ / dfcf]jfbL ef}uf]ns cv08tfk|lt ;hu /x]sf] ?kfGtl/t gofF ljrf/wf/f
s]Gb|sf] sfo{ut Pstf sfod /fVb} :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn;Fu ePsf] eGg]ul/Psf] 5 . h'g Ps k|sf/sf]
;Qf / zlQmdf l6ls/xg] ;kgf a]qfjtL ;lGwn] klg g]kfndf s'g} ;+zf]wgjfbL ljrf/wf/f xf] . o;cl3
b]v]sfx?nfO{{ 5fFufaf6 v;]h:tf] afXo x:tIf]k ePsf] v08df lrlgofF x' lhGtfcf] s f] kfnfdf klg
agfPsf] 5 . lsgls g] k fnsf] ;}lgs lagf /f]s6f]s g]kfndf cfpg ;f]xLcg';f/sf] ljrf/sf] rrf{ ug]{
;+;baf6 Pd;L;L kl/of]hgf kfl/t ;Sg] / ljleGg :yfgdf kf]i6 v8f ul/Psf] lyof] . pgLx?n] ljrf/ /
ePsf] gf6sLo 3f]if0ff ul/Pkl5 ug{;Sg] eGg] /x]sf] 5 . o;cl3 ljsf;sf s'/fx?nfO{{ kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj
rLgn] cfkm\gf] g]kfn;Fusf] ;Ldf / g]kfnsf] lxdfnL lhNnfsf !^ 7fpFdf kl/jt{g eP klg kl/dflh{t ?kdf
cd]l/sfsf] cfFvf nfu]sf] elgPsf] ef/tLo ;}lgs t}gfy x'bF f klg rLgs} lg/Gt/tf lbg] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
ltAatdf cfjZos ;} G o tof/L bafjn] x6fOPsf] lyof] eg] g]kfndf rLgsf] xfnsf] /fhgLlts
ul/;s]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf j/Lkl/sf !$ sy+sbflrt cd]l/sL ;}lgs cfpg] Aoj:yf;d]t w]/} xbdf ;+;bLo
j6f b]zd} ;DaGw a9fpFb} pgLx?nfO{{ jftfj/0f ag]df rLgn] To;cl3g} Aoj:yfaf6 k| e fljt /x] s f] 5 .
g]kfnnfO{{ h:t} Ps rLg gLltdf k'gM ;Ldfsf ljleGg :yfgdf cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff rLgsf] xfnsf] /fhgLlts Aoj:yf b]ª
k|lta4 u/fPsf] 5 . l5d]sL rLgsf] kf]i6 /fVg;Sg] ;+efjgf b]lvPsf] l;ofcf] lkªsf] …la/fnf] ;]tf] eP klg,
;f]xL tof/L / csf]{ l5d]sL ef/tsf] lyof] . h'g ;+efjgf cem} klg sfod sfnf] eP klg d';f df/] k'U5Ú eGg]
gf/fhLs} sf/0f at{dfg b]pjf ;/sf/ 5 . rLgn] cfkm\g} ;'/Iffsf nflu gLltdf cfwfl/t 5 . To;}n] pgLx?
csf]{ cd]l/sL of]hgf :6]6 kf6{g/l;k g]kfnsf] cv08tfk|lt rf;f] /fv]sf] cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf nflu h;/L kmfObf
k|fu] f| d -P;kLkL_ af6 xlRsg afWo eP klg rLg;Fu g]kfnsf] ;Ldf x' G 5 To;} c g' ; f/ u} / sDo' l gi6
ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!& d} ;xdlt
eO{ g]kfndf nfu" e}/x]sf] P;kLkLsf]
hf] l 8P;Dd ef/t / cd] l /sf
nufotsf ljZjsf s'g} klg zlQm
zlQm;Fu klg Pstf ug]{ ub}{ cfPsf
5g\\ . ut ;ftf g]kfn e|d0fsf cfpg'
Dofb cem} sl/a 5 dlxgf cyf{t /fi6«x?n] g]kfndf v'n/] x:tIf]k ug{ ePsf lrlgofF g]tf lnpsf egfO{x?sf]
;g\ @)@# ;Dd /x] s f] 5 . g;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lrlgofF g]tf lgrf]8 kf6L{x? b]zeQm x'g' h?/L 5
Tolta]nf;Dddf kfFr bnLo u7aGwg lnpsf] xfn} s f] e| d 0fdf AoQm eGg]df s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf
l5GgleGg ;Sg] ePsfn] pgLx?n] ljrf/x?n] klg pk/f]Qm s'/f :ki6 g]sf+;lxtsf s]xL jfd 36sx?;d]t
P;kLkLsf nflu gofF kq k7fpg u/]sf 5g\\ . OG8f] klZrdf zlQmtkm{ 9lNs;s]sf]
;s] s f 5} g g\ . t/, cem} klg ;g\ !(&^ ;] K 6] D a/ gf} d f xfnsf] cj:yfdf lnpsf egfO{x?
pgLx?sf] cfn6fn eg] sfod} 5 . dfcf]T;]tª' sf] lgwg ePkl5 rLgdf g]kfnsf nflu w]/} pkof]uL b]lvPsf
jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ut c;f/ ^ k|ltqmflGt ePsf] ljZje/ rrf{ ePsf] 5g\\ . lnp;Fu} g]kfn cfpg' ePsL
ut] s f] dlGqkl/ifbsf] a} 7 saf6 lyof] . To;kl5 ljZjsf bh{ga9L lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ cGt/f{li6«o
P;kLkL k|fu] f| ddf ;xefuL gx'g] egL k|d'v sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] ;+o'St ;dGjo ljefusL ;b:o r]ª of]pof
cdl/sL ;/sf/nfO{{ kq kfpg] lg0f{o aStAo k|sflzt ub}{ rLgdf ePsf] s] x L lbg cem} g] k fndf /x] /
u/]sf] elgP klg xfn;Dd ;f] kq k|ltqmflGtsf] k|efj cGo d'n'sdf cfk"mx?sf] g]kfn e|d0fsf] k|efj /
k7fOPsf] 5}g . of] ;/sf/ /x];Dd ;d]t kg{;Sg] eGb} ;r]t u/fPsf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/l:yltsf]
;f] kq k7fOg] ;+efjgf sd /x]sf] lyP . geGb} ;g\ !(&* sf] cWoog ug]{ elgPsf] 5 . o; 36gfn]
5 . kl5Nnf] lrlgofF sbdn] g]kfndf l8;]Da/df ePsf] lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 klg l5d]sL rLg g]kfn dfldnfdf
Pd;L;L kl/of]hgf klg sfof{Gjog kf6L{sf] P3f/f}+ dxflwj]zgsf] t];|f] lgSs} ;Da]bgzLn ePsf] :ki6u/]sf]
x'g g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf x'bF } uPsf] Kn] g dn] :jb] z L Jofjxfl/s 5 . x]g{' 5 lnpsf] e|d0fkl5 g]kfnsf
5 . To;df klg ljZj cfly{s dGbLn] ljrf/wf/f;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] eGb} gofF ;+;bjfbL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?df s]
ubf{ cd]l/sf k5fl8 x6\g] cj:yfdf gLlt clVtof/ u/]/ dfcf]T;]t'ª s:tf] abnfj cfpFbf] /x]5 <
 @)&( ;fn ;fpg ! ut] cfOtaf/
a[xt\ jfdPstf jf dfcfj] fbLx?sf] Pstfleq n'ss] f] /fhgLlts :jfy{
sf7df8f}F . slxn]sfxLF g]kfnL
/fhgLltdf x'g] cg]s ljifosf rrf{
/ kl/rrf{ ; F u } jfdkGyLx? jf
sDo'lg:6 jf k"j{dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
Pstfsf] rrf{–kl/rrf{ klg x'g] u/]sf]
5 . Pstf x'g', d]nldnfk x'g' jf
;xsfo{ x'g' cfkm}Fdf ;sf/fTds t
z]/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{
k|r08, s~rg /
ljKnjnufotsf jfdkGyL
g]tfx?n] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf
JoQm u/]sf sDo'lg:6 –
jfdkGyL Pstfsf] k|;Ë
zAbdf ;dfg / p:t} h:tf]
nfu] klg oL cleJolQmn]
lbg vf]hs ] f efj / oL
zJbx?n] af]ss ] f cGtlg{lxt a'emfO{ / p2]Zo eg] km/s–km/s
5g\ . k|r08sf nflu ;+;lbo Joj:yfleq ax'dt k'¥ofP/ zlQmsf]
cEof; ug{ jfdkGyL Pstfsf] s'/f ug{' k/]sf] xf] eg] s~rgsf
nflu xfn} lgdf0f ul/Psf] kf6L{sf] cl:tTjsf] nflu jfdkGyL
Pstf h?/L k/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ljKnjsf nflu g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
afFsL sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{, afXo x:tfIf]kaf6 d'ns' sf] :jfwLgtf
hf]ufpg, b]zeQm / k|ultzLn zlQmaLr gofF cfwf/df gofF
Pstfsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ of] 9+un] ;f]Rg' k/]sf] b]lvG5 .
x'Fb} xf] ;fy;fy} ;'vb klg xf] .
kl5Nnf] ;do c;f/ dlxgfsf]
k|f/De;Fu} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf
k|r08, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj ljKnj / g]skf ax'dtsf
;+of]hs wd]{Gb| jf:tf]nfn] g]nfnsf]
;dfhjfbL qmflGt / cfly{s ;fdflhs
?kfGt/0fnfO{ { k" 0 f{ t f lbg jfd
cfGbf]ngsf] a[xt\\ Pstfsf] k|;Ë
sf]6o\ fP kl5 s] ;fFlRrs} g]kfnsf]
jfdkGyL cfGbf] n g laz] i ftM
dfcf]jfbLx?sf] Pstf x'g} nfu]sf] xf]
t eGg] ;Gb]z k|jfx ePsf] kfOof] .
o;k|sf/sf /fhgLlts l6Kk0fL /
o;n] pTkGg ug]{ t/Ëx?n] :jefljs
?kdf s]xL cfzf / e/f];fsf] ;~rf/
gug]{ dfq} xf]Og, o;n] t jfdkGyL
cfGbf]ngn] ug{;Sg] cfly{s ;fdflhs
?kfGt/0fsf] ck]Iff af]s]/ jiff}{ b'Mv
u/] s f tdfd g] t fsfo{ s tf{ n fO{ {
k|Hjlnt ;d]t u5{ . k|r08, ljKnj
/ s~rgnufotsf g]tfx?n] km/s
km/s ;Gbe{ / d~rx?df lbPsf
cleJolQmx?n] jfdkGyL Pstfsf
nflu ;sf/fTds kl/j]z lgdf{0f /
P; lbzfdf yk ljdz{sf nflu 9f]sf
vf]Ng d2t u/]sf] efg k/] klg oL
cleJolQmsf cf–cfˆgf cy{ / dd{x?
5g\ . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf k|r08
/ pgL ;dy{s g]tfx?sf nflu
k"j{dfcf]jfbL Pstfsf] vf; cy{
eg]sf] cfk"mn] !@ a'Fb]kl5 lnPsf]
zflGtk"0f{ ;+qmd0fsf] /fhgLlt, ;+;lbo
Joj:yfk|ltsf] nufj / ljBdfg
Joj:yf leq}af6 kl/jt{gnfO{{ ;+:yfut
ug]{ / Tof]eGbf aflx/af6 ;f]Rg' g}
unt 5 / lyof] eGg] k" j { j t
dfGotfnfO{{ ;xL ;flat ug]{ g} xf] .
ls/0f, laKnanufotsf g]tfx?,
h;n] k| r 08n] c+ l usf/ u/] s f]
af6f]nfO{{ ;+;bjfb, cfTd;dk{0f /
tTsfnLg dfcf] j fbL hgo' 4 sf]
cjd"Nog 7fg]sf lyP, pxfFx?n] u/]sf]
ljb|fx] g} uNtL lyof] tyf cfhsf]
/fli6«o / cGt/fli6«o kl/l:ylt /
juL{o zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] ljlz:6
cj:yfdf of]eGbf a9L qmflGtsf/L
kl/jt{gsf] s'/f ug{' d'v{tf x'GYof]
eGg] cfˆgf] ts{nfO{{ of] jf Tof] ?kdf
k':6\ofO{ ug{' k|r08x?sf] Pstfsf]
gf/fdf n'ss ] f] /x:o xf] . x'gt pgn]
olta]nf dfq} xf]Og ljutdf haha
;+;lbo Joj:yfcGtu{tsf kf6L{x?;Fu
x'g] ;Qf ;fem]bf/Ldf ;s; dx;';
uy]{, Tof] a]nf k"j{dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
Pstfsf] k|;Ë ;fj{hlgs uy]{ .
cfk"mnfO{{ ;+s6 cfof] ls Pstfsf] s'/f
ug]{ / ;+;bjfbLx?;Fu 7"nf] efusf
nflu afu]l{ gª 6'N;sf] ?kdf of] sf8{nfO{{
k| o f] u ul/xfNg] . ha ls/0f –
ljKnjx?;Fu s'g} ;d;fdlos ljifodf
e]6 x'g] lalQs}, xf]Og pxfFx?;Fu Pstf
ug]{ s'/f ef5 eg]/ Psflt/ cfˆg}
kf6L{ leqsf ;+s6x?sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{
/ csf]l{ t/ c? ;+;lbo Joj:yfsf
kf6L{x?;Fu k"j{dfcf]jfbL Pstfsf]
sf8{df 7"nf] lx:;f k|fKt ug{ hf]8an
ug]{ . of] s'g} Odfgbf/ k|of;eGbf klg
cfhs} ;Qf /fhgLltdf s;/L yk
alnof] x'g] / cj;/sf nflu zlQm
;~ro ug]{ eGg] k|fyldstfåf/f
lgb]{lzt b]lvG5 .
hxfF ; Dd g] s kf ax' d tsf
;+of]hs wd]{Gb| jf:tf]nf …s~rgÚsf]
;jfn 5, pgn] s]xL lbg cl3 dfq}
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{af6 cnu eP/
5'§} kf6L{ agfPkl5 cfˆgf kl5Nnf
;fj{hlgs cleJolQmx?df a[xt\\
sDo' l g:6 Pstfsf] s' / f u/] s f]
b]lvG5 . o;sf] k5fl8 c? s'g}
;}4flGts ;jfneGbf klg cfk"mn]
kf6L{ t u7g ug{' ef], ljKnjn]
;+;lbo Joj:yfcGtu{t x'g] r'gfjsf]
k|of]u u/]sfn] qmflGtsf] em08fnfO{{
em'Sg glbg / qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tfsf
nflu lab|f]x u/]sf] klg eg] t/ kf6L{
lgdf{0f ul/;s]kl5 cfwf/e"t ?kdf
g]skfn] cl3 ;f/]sf /fhgLlts,
;}4flGts, / sfo{gLlts ljifoeGbf
s'g} klg cy{df km/s ;fljt ug{
g;s]kl5 s~rgn] sDo'lg:6x?sf]
a[xt\\ Pstfsf] k|;Ë cl3 ;f/]sf]
b]lvG5 . s'g} klg kf6L{ cl:tTjdf
/lx/xg jf cfˆgf] cf}lrTo ;fljt
ul//xg sd;]sd lglZrt ljrf/,
/fhgLlt, ;+ u 7gfTds k4lt,
sfo{lbzf / sfo{gLlt x'gk} 5{ . oL s'g}
klg ljifodf c? kf6L{ / g]tT[ jeGbf
s'g} klg cy{df leGgtf gx'g] xf] eg]
leGg kf6L{ agfpg'sf] s'g} pkb]otf
/xg ;Sb}g . s'g} 5'§} pkb]otf g}
gx'g] xf] eg] 5'§} cy{ / cl:tTj klg
t s;/L /xg ;S5 / < of] s'/f
sDo'lg:6 jfdkGyL kf6L{x?df dfq}
xf]Og, k'FhLjfbL Joj:yfcGtu{tsf
kf6L{ / k|j[lQx?sf] xsdf klg nfu"
x'G5 . xfdLn] Oltxf;sf ;fdfGo
36gfqmdnfO{{ x]bf{ klg b]Vg ;S5f}
ls ;}4flGts b[li6n] hjh / o;sf]
;du| r'gfjL sfo{lbzfdf Ps 7fpFdf
x'bF fx'bF } klg tTsfnLg s]xL sfo{gLlts
lg0f{odf c;xdt ePkl5 Pdfn] kf6L{
km'6\of] / dfn]sf] lgdf{0f eof] t/
sfnfGt/df tL b'jd } Wo] s'g} Ps kf6L{
dfq} cl:tTjdf /xg ;SYof] / ToxL
eof] . sfFu|]; kf6L{ lg/+s'z ePsf]
eGb} b]pjfn] k|hftflGqs sfFu|];
agfPsf lyP t/ sfFu; ]| / k|hftflGqs
sfFu|];sf] cfwf/e"t :jfyf{df s'g}
leGgtf lyPg / ;doqmddf pgLx?
Ps eP/} a:g' k¥of] . kl5Nnf] k6s
ax'dtsf] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf
cf]nLsf sltko sfo{zn } Lut ljifodf
ljdlt ePkl5 dfwa g]kfn g]tT[ jdf
PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] 5 . of] s'g} klg lx;fan]
x]bf{ ljrf/, /fhgLlt / nf]stflGqs
k4ltsf b[li6n] Pdfn]eGbf leGg 5}g .
pgLx?sf] Pp6} u'gf;f] 5 M cf]lnn]
xfdLnfO{{ 6]/]gg, xfdLnfO{{ ug]gg\,
clwgfosjfbL eP Û pgL ;lRrlbg'
k¥of] Û cem 3gZofd e';fnsf] zAbdf
eGbf cf]nLn] ;/L elglbg' k¥of] . j;
olt eP k'U5 . o;/L x]bf{ c? ;a}
s'/fx?df ;dfg j'emfO{ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg
s]xL sfo{zn } Lut / s]xL jl/i7x?sf]
JolQmut Ouf]sl] Gb|t ljefhgn] cfˆgf]
km'6nfO{{ ;fljt ug]{ r'gf}tL eg]
oyfjt /xG5 g} .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj
ljKnan] klg obfsbf sDo'lg:6
kf6L{x?sf] j[xt\ Pstfsf] ;Gbe{
sf] 6 \ o fPsf] kfOof] . k| r 08 /
af:tf]nfeGbf pgsf] cleJolQmsf]
cfzo eg] cln km/s 5 . g]kfndf
hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f cyf{t ^%
k|ltzteGbf a9L jfd hgdt 5 .
o;sf] cy{ ljBdfg Joj:yfsf]
kl/jt{ g / cfly{ s ;fdflhs
?kfGt/0fsf] kIfdf clxn] klg g]kfnL
hgtfsf] 7"nf] kª\tL ?lr /fV5 t/
olt 7"nf] hgdt x'bF fx'bF } klg d'ns
;dfhjfbL / qmflGtsf/L sfo{qmd
' df
nfu" ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . csf]{ cy{df
eGbf hgdtsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u x'g
;s]g . o;nfO{{ k"0f{tf lbg / b]znfO{{
;fdGtL ;+ / rgfaf6 k| u ltzLn
?kfGt/0fsf] lbzfdf n} h fg of]
jfdhgdtnfO{{ PsLs[t ug{ h?/L
5 . csf] { l t/ b] z sf] cfhsf]
k|wfgcGt/lj/f]w bnfn k'h F L;Fu 5 .
bnfn k'FhLjfb;Fusf] cGt/lj/f]ws}
sf/0f xfd|f] b]zdf s[lif / cf}Bf]lus
qmflGt x'g ;s]g . of] lagf b]zsf]
;d[l4 x'g] ;+efjgf klg 5}g . of] s'/f
g]skf / o;sf dxf;lrjsf] dfq}
;jfn xf]Og, of] t b]zs} d'2f xf] /
bnfn k'FhLsf] rª'naf6 d'n'snfO{{
d'Qm gu/L xfd|f] :jfwLg ljsf;sf]
uf]/6] f] lgdf{0f x'g ;Qm}g eGg] s'/fdf
k|foM jfd kf6L{sf g]tfx? / pgLx?sf
lnlvt b:tfj]hdf dt}Sotf h:tf]
b]lvG5 . km/s olt xf] ls o;nfO{{
xn ug{ tTsfnLg Go"gtd ;femf
sfo{qmd s] x'G5 / of] s;/L nfu"
ul/G5 eGg] xf] . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf]
kl5Nnf] ofqfdf cem a9L ljb]zL
x:tIf]k a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ljz]iftM
Pdl;;L kf; ePkl5 d' n ' s sf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jtGqtf / cl:tTjg}
vt/fdf kg] { ;+ e fjgf 5 .
klZrdfx?sf] x:tIf] k h;/L
lbgfg'lbg tLj|?kdf a9\b} uPsf] 5
/ ljZj zlQm ;Gt'ngdf h'g k|sf/sf
x]/km]/sf] ;+efjgf 5, o;n] pTkGg
ug]{ afXo t/Ë / g]kfnL qmflGtsf
af/]df cln gofF 9Ën] ;f]Rg' kg]{ l:ylt
5 . Pdl;;Llj?4sf] cfGbf]ng eg]sf]
/fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] ;jfn xf] .
o;dfly ljho xfl;n gug]{ xf] eg]
kf6L{ut / ljrf/ut :jfyf{x? To;}df
lalng eP/ ;dfKt x'g] vt/f klg
5 . o;sf nflu laif]zt M g]kfnL
;dfhsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf]
sfdnfO{{ glhs Nofpg, cd]l/sL
x:tfIfkaf6 xfd|f] ;fj{ef}d ;Qfsf] /Iff
ug{ / ;dhjfbnfO{{ casf] Go"gtd
;femf sfo{qmd agfpg dxf;lrj
ljKnjn] Pstfsf] k|Zg cl3 ;f/]sf]
b]lvG5 . of] eg]sf] ljBdfg zf;sLo
;+/rgfleq ax'dt k'¥ofP/ ;Qfsf]
cem a9L lx:;f k|fKt ug{sf nflu
xf]Og . b]zsf] P]ltxfl;s cfaZotf /
g] k fnL hgtfsf] kl/jt{ g k| l tsf]
;kgfnfO{{ Joaxfl/s?kdf cg'lbt ug{
gofF d'2f / cfwf/df of] lbzfdf kfOnf
rfNg cfaZos 5 / o;f] ug{' ;xL /
a'l4dfgL klg x'G5 .
k| r 08, s~rg
ljKnjnufotsf jfdkGyL g]tfx?n]
;fj{ h lgs ?kdf JoQm u/] s f
sDo'lg:6 – jfdkGyL Pstfsf] k|;Ë
zAbdf ;dfg / p:t} h:tf] nfu]
klg oL cleJolQmn] lbg vf]hs ] f efj
/ oL zJbx?n] af]s]sf cGtlg{lxt
a'emfO{ / p2]Zo eg] km/s–km/s
5g\ . k| r 08sf nflu ;+ ; lbo
Joj:yfleq ax'dt k'¥ofP/ zlQmsf]
cEof; ug{ jfdkGyL Pstfsf] s'/f
ug{' k/]sf] xf] eg] s~rgsf nflu
xfn} lgdf0f ul/Psf] kf6L{ s f]
cl:tTjsf] nflu jfdkGyL Pstf
h?/L k/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ljKnjsf
nflu g]kfnL qmflGtsf] afFsL sfo{ef/
k"/f ug{, afXo x:tfIf]kaf6 d'ns ' sf]
:jfwLgtf hf] u fpg, b] z eQm /
k|ultzLn zlQmaLr gofF cfwf/df
gofF Pstfsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{
of] 9+un] ;f]Rg' k/]sf] b]lvG5 .
3
7]s]bf/åf/f ljBfno ejg lgdf{0fdf
nfk/jfxL, k7gkf7gdf ;d:of Û
sf7df8f}F . >L ;lxb :d[lt cfjf;Lo dfWoflds ljBfno /fhk'/ lbkfonsf]
ejgsf] lgdf{0f;DjGwL 7]Ssf kfPsf] 7]sb] f/ sDkgLn] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ gul/lbFbf
k7gkf7gdf ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&*–&( leq lgdf{0fsf]
sfd ;DkGg ug{ ^ sf]7] ejgsf] 7]Ssf kfPsf] >L sflnsf sG:6«S;gn] ;dod}
sfd gubf{ ljBfnodf sIff sf]7fsf] cefj ePsf]n] o:tf] ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] .
lzIff ljsf; lgb]z { gfno lbkfonsf OlGhlgo/ 8Da/ g]uLsf cg';f/ rfn"
cfly{s jif{ leq sfd ;DkGg ug]{ u/L lzIff ljsf; lgb]z { gfno /fhk'/ lbkfonaf6
7]Ssf cfXjfg e} :jLs[t ePsf] Ps jif{ k'lu;Sbf klg s'g} sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
xfdLn] 7]sb] f/nfO{{ w]/} k6s elg;Sof},F 7]sb] f/ sDkgLn] c? w]/} 7fpFdf klg sfd
lnPsf] /x]5, ca Dofb yksf] nflu k|lqmof cufl8 a9]sf] 5, tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq
km]l/ klg sfd ePg eg] xfdL cfjZos sfg'gL sf/jfxL u5f}+{ .
em08} *% nfv s'n nfut /x]sf] ejg lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf kfPsf] >L sflnsf
sG:6«S;gsf k|fk] /fO6/ aemfª 3/ ePsf nId0f af]xf]/f x'g\ . åGå kLl8t
afnaflnsfsf nflu lzIff sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf sIff !! ;Dd k7gkf7g e}/x]sf]
;lxb :d[lt ljBfno /fhk'/ lbkfonsf k|c k|dfgGb hf]lzn] eg] …xfdL;Fu xfn
#%% hgf ljBfyL{ 5g\, . xfdLn] l8Knf]df Og km/]:6«L klg ;~rfngdf NofPsf
5f},F o;sf nflu k|of]uzfnfsf nflu ;d]t sIff sf]7fsf] cefj 5, afnaflnsfsf]
;+Vof / sIffsf] txsf cfwf/df sIffsf]7f ck'u ePkl5 slxn] st}, slxn]
st} /fv]/ k9fpg' kl//x]sf] 5 . cem} jiff{sf] a]nf t emg cK7\of/f] x'g]
b]lvG5 .Æ zflGt k|lqmof;Fu} z'?jft ePsf] o; ljBfnodf z'?df k"jd{ GqL
n]v/fh e§ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf lyP eg] xfn ;'b/" klZrdsf d'VodGqL
lqnf]rg e§ cWoIf 5g\ . ;lxb :d[lt k|lti7fgdfkm{t\ ;~rfngdf cfPsf] >L
;lxb cfjfl;o ljBfno;Fu} b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf klg hgo'4sf qmddf ;lxb
ePsf kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfsf nflu :s'nx? ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] lyof] .
8f]6Lsf] lbkfondf /x]sf] o; ljBfnodf vfg]kfgL, v]nd}bfg, k':tsfno /
cGo k|of]uzfnfsf nflu cfaZos kg]{ ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;d:of /x]sf] / lzIff
P]g jdf]lhdsf] ;+/rgfdf gaGbf cGo ;]jf ;'ljwfdf klg sl7gfO{ kl//x]sf]
s'/f k|c hf]zLn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
lzIfs rGb| a:g]t #! dlxgfkl5 l/xf
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{dfly k|ltjGw nufPsf] a]nf lu/ˆtf/
eO{ h]ndf /x]sf lgs'jfvf]nf ufpkflnsf j8f g+= @ tfKn]hª' lgjf;L lzIfs
rGb|axfb'/ j:g]t z'qmjf/ l/xf ePsf 5g\ . @)&^;fn k'ifdf cfˆg} 3/af6
k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L xftxltof/ tyf la:kmf]6s d'2fdf lhNnf cbfnt
tfKn]h'ªn] ^ aif{ s}b ;'gfPkl5 h]ndf /x]sf a:g]tnfO{{ ljlxaf/ pRr
cbfnt Onfdn] l/xf ug{ cfb]z lbPsf] xf] .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] e|:6frf/ / /f:6«f3ftlj?4 hg;+3if{ cufl8
a9fO{ /x]sf] a]nf rlr{t Pg;]n
k|s/0flj?4 nlntk'/sf] Ps 6fj/dfly
ePsf] la:kmf]6kl5 tTsflng cf]nL
g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] g]skfdfly @)&%
kmfNu'g @* ut] k|ltaGw nufPsf]
lyof]] . /fhgLlts bndfly k|ltjGw
nufpg ldNg] sfg'gL / ;+aw} flgs
k|fjwfg gePkl5 / k|ltaGwsf] rf}tkmL{
la/f]w eof] t/ ;/sf/n] g]skfdfly k|ltaGw gnufPsf] t/ p;sf ultljlw
dfly dfq} sfg'gL sfjf{xL ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] :k:6Ls/0f lbPsf] lyof] . k|ltaGwsf]
qmddf !@ hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP eg] g]skfsf ;of} g]tf, sfo{stf{x?nfO{{
ljleGg d'2fx? nufpg] / cg';Gwfgsf] gfddf dlxgf} lx/f;t /fVg] ul/Psf]
lyof] . emG8} #! dlxgfkl5 l/xf ePsf a:g]tnfO{{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
tfKn]h'ªn] kf6L{ sfof{nodf :jfut u/]sf] 5 eg] a:g]tsf] d'2fdf clwjQmf
s[i0f >]i7n] ax; u/]sf] s'/f tfKn]h'ª l:ylt g]skf ;]qm]6/L c;n kGbfs
lnDa'n] hfgsf/L lbP .
o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf pkfWoIf;lxtsf sfo{stf{ l/xf
sf7df8f}F . c;f/ !( ut] kf6L{ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf s}nfnLsf] 6Lsfk'/af6
lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf pkfWoIf lbg]z la=s=, g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf s}nfnL lhNnf ;b:oåo hol;x+ ;'gf/ / kjg lai6 z'qmaf/ l/xf
ePsf 5g\ . 6Lsfk'/l:yt xf]6n cGgk"0f{sf ;~rfns cjsfz k|fKt c;O
v]d/fh vqLn] j]Zofj[lQ nufotsf sfd u/fO/x]sf] hgu'gf;f] cfPkl5 cj}wflgs
/ sfd gu/fpg ;DemfO/x]sf] g]skfsf] 6f]nLnfO{{ ;fbf kf]zfssf k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/
u/L em'§f d'2f rnfPsf] lyof] . g]skfsf] cfGbf]ng / rf}tkmL{ bafakl5 z'qmaf/
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s}nfnLn] w/f}6Ldf l/xfO u/]sf] g]skf s}nfnLsf ;]qm]6/L
c;n zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbP . l/xfO eP/ cfPsf cfˆgf sfo{stf{nfO{{ g]skf /
:yfgLon] 6Lsfk'/ v8srf]sdf k"mndfnf / vfbf nufP/ :jfut u/]sf lyP .
:jfut sfo{qmdnfO{{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;]qm]6/L zdf{n] e|i6frf/, /fi6«3ft /
hgclwsf/sf nflu cfˆgf] kf6L{ ;+3if{df /x]sf] atfP . ;fdflhs ljs[lQ /
lj;+ult lgoGq0f ug{ cg'/f]w ubf{ ;/sf/n] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] atfpFb} /fHo
bdgdf plqg' v]bhgs ePsf] pNn]v u/] . h]ndf]rf{ lht]/ cfPsf sfo{stf{nfO{{
:jfut ub}{ l/xfOsf] kxn ug]{ ;Dk"0f{nfO{{ pgn] wGojfb JoQm u/] . sfo{qmdnfO{{
;Daf]wg ub}{ o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf pkfWoIf lbg]z lasn] cfk"mx¿sf] lx/f;t
a;fO{ ;+3if{k0" f{ /x]sf] atfpFb} lx/f;tdf a:bf o'jfx¿ nfu"cf}ifw b'Jo{;gdf
km;]sf] b]vs
] f]n] o;sf] lgoGq0fdf cleofg rnfpg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] atfP .
 4 @)&( ;fn ;fpg ! ut] cfOtaf/
dxfnv] f k/LIfssf] sfofn{ oåf/f cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷&* sf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't M s'n a]¿h' * va{ @( ca{
sf7df8f}F . dxfn]vf k/LIfssf]
sfof{nosf] %( cf}F k|ltj]bgcg';f/
cfly{s jif{ @)&&–&* df dfq Ps
va{ !% ca{ % s/f]8 %) nfv a]¿h'
ylkPsf] 5 . of];uF } s'n a]?h' /sd
rf/ va{ *# ca{ %( s/f]8 k'us ] f]
5 . h;df ;a}eGbf a9L a]?h' cy{
dGqfnosf] 5 . a] ? h' d f ;+ 3 Lo
;/sf/L sfof{nosf] a]?h' $( ca{,
k|bz] sfof{nosf] ;ft ca{, ;+:yfg
tyf ;ldltsf] !$ ca{, :yfgLo txsf]
$# ca{ a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . cy{
dGqfnosf] a]?h' !( ca{ (@ s/f]8
&) nfv ?k}ofF /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L
ef} l ts k" j f{ w f/ tyf oftfoft
dGqfnosf] a]?h' kfFr ca{ %& s/f]8,
e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL
lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] rf/ ca{ &%
s/f]8 / ;~rf/ dGqfnosf] a]?h' #
ca{ *& s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . s[lifsf] tLg
ca{ $@ s/f]8, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof
dGqfnosf] Ps ca{ @@ s/f]8, /Iff
dGqfnosf] Ps ca{ gf} s/f]8, lzIffsf]
Ps ca{ ;ft s/f]8, /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f
k|flws/0fsf] Ps ca{ ^ s/f]8, pBf]u,
jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf] ((
s/f]8, u[xsf] (@ s/f]8 / cGo %$
ca{ %$ s/f]8 $( nfv ?k}ofF a]?h'
b]lvPsf] xf] . dxfn]vfsf cg';f/ kfFr
xhf/ 5 ;o ^% ;/sf/L lgsfosf
$# va{ && ca{ !& s/f]8 !^ nfvsf]
n]vf k/LIf0faf6 Ps va{ !% ca{
a]?h' b]lvPsf] xf] . o;df sfuh k|df0f
gk'¥ofO{ ePsf] vr{ $* ca{ /x]sf]
5 . c;'n ug{k' g]{ a]?h' eg] hDdf ##
ca{ &$ s/f]8 &( nfv /x]sf] 5 .
l/t k"/f gu/L ul/g] vr{ tyf
e'QmfgLnfO{{ dxfn]vfn] a]?h'sf] ?kdf
b]vfpb} cfPsf] 5 .
dxfn]vfsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ;+3Lo
;/sf/L sfof{no, k|b]z ;/sf/L
sfof{no, :yfgLo tx / ;+:yfgtkm{
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}N+ ofOPsf] cBfjlws
a]?h' $ va{ *# ca{ %( s/f]8 ^$
nfv ?k}ofF xf] . …cBfjlws a]?h' ut
jif{ eGbf !%=$^ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5,Ú
k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5, …;+3Lo tyf
k|fb]lzs ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx,
cGo ;ldlt / ;+:yfgtkm{sf] a]?h'sf
cltl/Qm n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf, zf]wegf{
lng'kg]{ j}bl] zs cg'bfg tyf C0f
/sdsf ;DaGwdf ;dod} sf/jfxL
u/L 6'u+ f] nufpg'kg]{ cBfjlws /sd
# va{ $% ca{ %^ s/f]8 # nfv
5 .Ú oL b'j} hf]8b\ f s'n a]?h' * va{
@( ca{ gf3]sf] xf] . o;leq ut cfly{s
jif{ -)&&–&*_ dfq} ! va{ !% ca{ %
s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofF cBfjlws a]?h'
ylkPsf] 5 . ** ca{ @ nfv ?k}ofF
/sd 6'u+ f] nupg'kg]{ cBfjlws a]?h'
/x]sf] dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] %( cf}+ jflif{s
k|ltj]bgn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L
sfof{nox¿n] /Lt gk'¥ofO{, n]vf
g/fvL, clgoldt / a]dgfl;a tl/sfn]
sf/f] a f/ u/] s f] /sdnfO{ {
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 a]?h'df b]vfOG5 . ut
cfly{s jif{ ;+3, k|bz ] tyf :yfgLo
txsf ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;+ul7t ;+:yf,
;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf;d]t u/L % xhf/
^ ;o ^% j6f lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0f
ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf lgsfosf] s'n &%
va{ !& ca{ (% s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
dxfn]vfsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ut
cfly{ s jif{ s f nflu ;+ 3 Lo
;/sf/cGtu{tsf # xhf/ @ ;o *&
;/sf/L lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf]
lyof] . o:tf lgsfodf s'n @* va{
@) ca{ #& s/f]8sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
ePsfdf $( ca{ $& s/f]8 ?k}ofF
a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . k|bz ] cGtu{tsf !
xhf/ ! ;o #! lgsfo / sfof{nosf] @
va{ (( ca{ %& s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psfdf & ca{ $* s/f]8
?k}ofF a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf]
!) va{ %! ca{ ( s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psfdf $# ca{ ()
s/f]8 a]?h' b]lvPsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ah]6df zLif{s g} gePsf ljleGg !!
5 . ljleGg $ ;o $* j6f ;ldlt j6f sfo{qmddf ! ca{ #! s/f]8 (&
tyf c¿ ;+:yfsf] @ va{ ^ ca{ !@ nfv /sdfGt/ u/]/ k};f afFl8Psf] 5 .
s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psfdf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yfkgdf klg
!$ ca{ !( s/f]8 a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] uDeL/ nfk/afxL ul//x]sf]
;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogkl5sf tLg cfly{s dxfn] v fn] cf} + N ofPsf] 5 .
jif{d} a]?h' /sd emG8} bf]Aa/ ePsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ xfn cl:tTjdf /x]sf
5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&#–&$ df ;/sf/sf] ;+:yfgdWo] !^ j6fn] dfq} jflif{s
a]?h' @ va{ () ca{ @) s/f]8 ?k}ofF n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO/x]sf 5g\\ eg] @^ j6f
a/fa/ lyof] . @)&&–&* ;Dd ;+:yfgn] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\.
cfOk'Ubf of] /sd sl/a % va{ k'Ug /fli6«o ladf ;+:yfgn] kl5Nnf] ( jif{otf
nfu]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&^–&& sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . ljzfnahf/
clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ;/sf/L sDkgL / /fli6«o ladf sDkgLn] % jif{,
lgsfosf] a]?h' /sd $ va{ !* ca{ vfB Joj:yf tyf Jofkf/ sDkgLn] #
*% s/f]8 lyof] . To;dWo] ut cfly{s jif{otf n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] b]lvFbg} .
jif{df %) ca{ @( s/f]8 a/fa/ dfq} ;/sf/n] C0f p7fP/ ;jf/L;fwg
km5\of}6{ ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . a]?h'sf vl/bdf vr{ u/]sf] ljifo klg dxfn]vfn]
cltl/Qm n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf, /fh:j p7fPsf] 5 . k|ltj]bgcg';f/ cfly{s
aSof}tf, zf]wegf{ lng'kg]{ j}bl] zs cg'bfg jif{ )&&–&* df ;/sf/n] @ va{ @@
/ C0f;d]t u/]/ # va{ $% ca{ %^ ca{ ?k}ofF cfGtl/s C0f p7fPsf] lyof] .
s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] sf/f]af/ cBfjlws pQm C0faf6 ;jf/L;fwg vl/bnufot
gul/Psf] dxfn]vfsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v zLif{sdf ! va{ @@ ca{ !% s/f]8 vr{
5 . o:tf] /sd cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] ePsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . To:t}
eGbf #$=!& k|ltzt a9L xf] . ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] pQm jif{ p7fPsf] C0fdWo]
;/sf/sf !) j6f dGqfnodf dfq} $# ca{ ?k}ofF vr{ ug{ g;s]sf] ;d]t
**=&* k|ltzt a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L ;fdfg vl/b ubf{
cy{ dGqfnodf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] s'n k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L nfut 6'qmf
a]?h'sf] $)=@* k|ltzt cyf{t\ !( kf/L vl/b ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf ;fj{hlgs
ca{ (@ s/f]8 &) nfv ?k}ofF a/fa/ vl/b P]gdf 5 . t/ pmhf{ hn;|ft]
a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/, tyf l;FrfO, ;x/L ljsf;, vfg]kfgL,
e"ld Joj:yf, ;~rf/, s[lif / :jf:Yo u[x, :jf:Yo dGqfnocGtu{tsf ljleGg
dGqfnodf a9L a]?h' b]lvG5 . k|bz ] #$ lgsfon] dfn;fdfg tyf ;+/rgf
;/sf/tkm{ ;a}eGbf a9L dw]; k|bz ] df lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{{ 6'Sof{P/ nfut cg'dfg
n]vfk/LIf0f /sdsf] %=$@ k|ltzt / tof/ u/L $( s/f]8 %# nfv !# xhf/
;a}eGbf sd n'lDagL k|bz ] sf] !=!* ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] vl/b u/]sf] hgfOPsf]
k|ltzt a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L 5 . s[lif cg'bfg bfloTj a;]l{ g al9/x]sf]
k|bz] ! df #=%^, jfUdtLdf !=^), / pknlAwsf lx;fan] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L
u08sLdf !=@&, s0ff{nLdf %=!% / gb]lvPsf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfOPsf] 5 . s[lif
;'b/" klZrddf @=!* k|ltzt a]?h' pTkfbg j[l4 / cfoft k|lt:yfkg x'g]
b]lvPsf] 5 . u/L cg'bfg gLltdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{
kflnsfdf ;a}eGbf a9L dxf]Q/L dxfn]vfn] ;'emfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
lhNnfsf] lkk/f ufpF k flnsfdf eQf ljt/0f kf/bzL{ x'g g;s]sf] pNn]v
n]vfk/LIf0f c+ssf] @#=*& k|ltzt 5 . ;/sf/n] lbg] lje"if0f tof/ kfg{
a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . tfKn]hª' sf] l;l/h+3f nfUg] nfut a;]l{ g a9\b} uPsfn] To;df
/ Ko"7fgsf] dNn/fgL Pj+ ;?df/fgL sdL Nofpg] tyf lje"lift x'g] JolQmsf]
ufpFkflnsfdf a]?h' z"Go 5 . jflif{s ;+Vof lglZrt u/L vr{df lgoGq0f
n]vfk/LIf0f c+ssf] !% k|ltzteGbf ul/g'kg]{ k|ltj]bgdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
a9L a]?h' x'g] kflnsfsf] ;+Vof !* 5 . dxfn]vfsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ :yfgLo
% b]lv !% k|ltzt;Dd a]?h' x'g] txn] u/]sf] !) va{ %! ca{ !) s/f]8
kflnsfsf] ;+Vof ! ;o (# 5 . dw];sf ?k}ofFsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ $ bzdnj
* / s0ff{nLsf] Pp6f kflnsfn] !* k|ltzt a]?h' b]lvPsf] 5 . cfly{s
n]vfk/LIf0f g} u/]sf 5}gg\ . cfly{s jif{ )&^–&& df n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ afFsL
jif{ ;lsg'eGbf Ps ;ftfcl3 g} ;/sf/L %% j6f kflnsfsf] ;d]t n]vf k/LIf0f
e'QmfgL / n]vf k|0ffnL vftf aGb ubf{ pQm a]?h' b]lvPsf] xf] . dxfn]vfn]
ul/;Sg'kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf 5 t/ cfly{s jif{ @)&&–&* df & ;o %#
jiff{Gtdf x'g] ;/sf/L vr{ pRr /x]sf] dWo] & ;o $$ kflnsfsf] ( va{ (#
k|ltj]bgn] b]vfPsf] 5 . cfly{s sfo{ljlw ca{ ?k}ofF n]vf k/LIf0f u/]sf] lyof] .
tyf ljQLo pQ/bfloTj lgodfjnL, @)&^–&& df :yfgLo txsf] a]?h' %
@)&& cg';f/ vr{sf] ;|ft] kl/jt{g k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . of] jif{ :yfgLo
eP jf cTofjZos sfd k/L vr{ ug{k' g]{ txtkm{ !) ca{ %* s/f]8 *& nfv
cj:yfdf afx]s cfly{s jif{ ;lsg' ;ft ?k}ofF ;Dk/LIf0f ePsf] 5 . @)&^–
lbgcl3 ;Dk"0f{ e'QmfgL /f]Sg'k5{ . t/, && df eg] & ca{ %! s/f]8 #& nfv
ut cfly{s jif{ &! ca{ ^) s/f]8 ?k}ofF ;Dk/LIf0f ePsf] lyof] . )&&–
?k}ofF jiff{Gtdf e'QmfgL ePsf] b]lvPsf] &* df n]vfk/LIf0f /sdsf] t'ngfdf
5, h'g /sd pQm cfly{s jif{sf] s'n ^ j6f dxfgu/kflnsfsf] a] ? h'
ah]6 vr{sf] %=(* k|ltzt a/fa/ k|ltzt ^ bzdnj !# 5 . !! j6f
xf] . ljQLo cg'zf;g ldr]/ /sdfGt/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cf};t a]?h' $
ug]{ tyf /sdfGt/ ul/Psf] /sd vr{ bzdnj @@ k|ltzt 5 . @ ;o &#
ug{ g;Sg] ;/sf/L kl/kf6Lsf] phfu/ gu/kflnsfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psfdf
k|ltj]bgn] u/]sf] 5 . )&&–&* sf] a]?h' k|ltzt $ bzdnj ## / $
;o %$ ufpFkflnsfsf] a]?h' #
bzdnj ^* 5 . dxfgu/kflnsfdWo]
;a}eGbf a9L a]?h' lj/f6gu/sf] 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgcg';f/ k]:sL
/sd;d]t a]?h' !^ bzdnj %&
k|ltzt 5 . ;a}eGbf sd a]?h'
e/tk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] z"Go
bzdnj @% k|ltzt 5 . bf];f| ] a9L
a]?h' jL/uGh dxfgu/sf] ( bzdnj
^#, To;kl5 kf]v/fsf] % bzdnj
!& k|ltzt 5 . sf7df8f}F dxfgu/sf]
eg] $ bzdnj ^$ / nlntk'/sf] $
bzdnj z" G o # k| l tzt a] ? h'
b]lvPsf] 5 .
!! j6f pkdxfgu/dWo] ;a}eGbf
a9L hgsk'/wfdsf] & bzdnj *@
/ ;a} e Gbf sd g] k fnuGh
pkdxfgu/sf] ! bzdnj !$ k|ltzt
a]?h' 5 . $ ;o ^) ufpFkflnsfdWo]
$ ;o %$ sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psfdf
;a} e Gbf a9L dxf] Q /Lsf] lkk/f
ufpF k flnsfdf @# bzdnj *&
k|ltzt / ;a}eGbf sd tfKn]h'ªsf]
l;l/h+uf / Ko"7fgsf] dNn/fgL Pj+
;?df/fgL ufpFkflnsfsf] a]?h' z"Go
/x]sf] dxfn]vfsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v
5 . :yfgLo txdf % k|ltzteGbf
sd a]?h' x'g] % ;o ##, % b]lv
!% k|ltzt;Dd a]?h' x'g] ! ;o
(# / ;f]eGbf a9L a]?h' x'g] !*
kflnsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L dxfn]vfsf] k|ltj]bgn]
@)&&–&* df :yfgLo txn] u/]sf]
vr{ ljj/0fdf hgk|ltlglwnfO{{ :df6{
df]afOnb]lv ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{{ ;f8L,
wf]tL, em'n / sDan ljt/0f u/]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . sltko kflnsfsf
k|ltlglwn] cfk"mn] gkfpg] eQf lnPsf
5g\ . sltn] of]hgfdf bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL
lbPsf 5g\ . hyfefjL sd{rf/L egf{,
;jf/L;fwgsf] ef8fafkt nfvf}+
e' Q mfgL, cfjZostfeGbf a9L
;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf lgsf;Lsf] lan
agfOPsf] h:tf clgoldttf klg
b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;nf{xLsf] a;jl/of
ufpFkflnsfn] hgk|ltlglwdfkm{t\ !^
nfv $^ xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] ;f8L lsg]/
ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . alb{ofsf] u'nl/of
gu/kflnsfn] #* nfv %^ nfv ?k}ofF
a/fa/sf wf]tL, em'n, sDannufot
;fdu|L afF8]sf] 5 . k|b]z ! sf]
a' 4 zflGt ufpF k flnsfsf !$
kbflwsf/LnfO{{ !# nfv ( xhf/
?k}ofFsf] :df6{ df]afOn kmf]g vl/b
ul/Psf] 5 . /fhk'/ gu/kflnsf
/f}tx6n] !@ nfv ^$ xhf/ ?k}ofFsf]
df]afOn kmf]g lsg]sf] 5 . o;}u/L
hgsk'/ gu/kflnsfn] !^ nfv ^&
xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] udnf lsg]sf] klg
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .
o;} u /L, dxfn] v f k/LIfssf]
sfof{nosf] %(cf}+ jflifs{ k|ltj]bgn]
ldn]lgod Rofn]~h skf]{/];gsf]
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] sfd ul//x]sf]
…Pd;LP g]kfnÚn] hyfefjL vr{
ul//x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . dxfn]vfn]
cfly{ s jif{ @)&&–&* ;Dd
Pd;L;Lsf] ;L8L -sDKofS6 ljsf;_
tkm{ xfn;Dd ldn]lgod Rofn]~h
skf]/{ ;
] g ;|ft] sf] tkm{ cd]l/sL 8n/
!#=*! ldlnog cyf{t\ ;Demf}tf
/sdsf] #$=!@ k|ltzt / g]kfn
;/sf/tkm{ cd]l/sL 8n/ @!=*%
ldlnog -%$=^$ k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf]
hgffPsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfadf]lhd g]kfn
;/sf/n] Joxf]g]{ ;L8LPkmtkm{sf]
/sdaf6 ljB' t k| ; f/0f nfO{ { g
kl/of]hgfdf dfq vr{ ug{k' g]{ xf] . t/,
;Demf}tfsf] k"j; { t{x¿ k"/f gu/]sf] eGb}
Pd;L;Lsf] ah]6 /f]Ssf u/]sf] hgfP/
cy{ dGqfnoaf6 /sdfGt/ u/L Ps
jif{df g]kfn ;/sf/tkm{ ;8s dd{t
tyf ;Def/ kl/of]hgfdf ¿=$! nfv
&! xhf/ / sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg /
k|zf;gdf ¿= !( s/f]8 (* nfv ^!
xhf/;d]t ¿=@) s/f]8 $) nfv
#@ xhf/ vr{ ul/Psf] 5 . %=@%
ldlnog cyf{t\ ¿= ^@ s/f]8 $ nfv
(% xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ vr{ ldn]lgod
Rofn]~h skf]/{ ;] g ;|ft] af6 vr{ ug{k' g]{
/sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|ft] jf6 vr{
ePsf]n] pQm /sd zf]wegf{ lng
dxfn]vfn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . Pd;LP
g]kfnn] k/fdz{ zLif{sdf hyfefjL vr{
ul//x]sf] klg v'ns ] f] 5 . ldn]lgod
Rofn]~h skf]/{ ; ] g sfo{qmdsf] vl/b
sfo{ljlwdf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] bfo/f /
;]jfsf] ;dofjlw ;'lglZrt ug{
g;lsg] ;] j fx¿ ;do–cfwfl/t
;Demf}tfaf6 vl/b ug{ pko'Qm x'g]
pNn]v 5 . ;do cfwfl/t ;Demf}tfdf
;Gtf]ifhgs 9Ën] k|ult eO/x]sf]
;'lglZrt ug{ k|efjsf/L cg'udg /
Joj:yfkg ug{k' g]{ x'G5 .
Pd;LP g]kfnn] ljB't k|;f/0f
cfof]hgfsf] tof/L tyf k|fljlws
;'kl/j]If0fsf] k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu
;dodf cfwfl/t /x] / Ps
k/fdz{bftf;Fu @) dlxgf j]; cjlwdf
;DkGg ug{k' g]{ !& lqmofsnfksf nflu
cd]l/sL 8n/ !$=(( ldlnogdf
;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . k/fdz{bftfn]
lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;DkGg ug{ g;s]/
Dofb yk ub}{ nfut;d]t a9fP/
cd] l /sL 8n/ !^=$$ ldlnog
k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . …pQm k/fdz{bftf;Fu
sf]le8–!( nufotsf sf/0f hgfO{ #
gf]eD] a/ @)@! df ;Demf}tf cGTo
u/] s f] 5 . ;f] cjlw;Dd pQm
k/fdz{bftfnfO{{ cd]l/sL 8n/ !$=^&
ldlnog e'QmfgL ePsf] b]lvG5,Ú
k|ltj]bgn] eg]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf ;'?
x' g ' c l3 ;sfpg' k g] { k' g jf{ ;
sfo{of]hgfsf] d:of}bf / clGtd k'gjf{;
sfo{of]hgf nufotsf dxTjk"0f{
lqmofsnfk k"/f u/]sf] 5}g . afFsL sfo{
;DkGg ug{sf nflu cd]l/sL 8n/
#=!^ ldlnog yk nfut j[l4 x'g]
b]lvG5 . vl/b Ph]G6sf] k/fdz{
;]jfsf nflu cd]l/sL 8n/ !=)*
ldlnogdf ;Demf} t f u/] s f] d f
;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk eO $*=% dlxgf
k'u]sf] 5 . nfut;d]t j[l4 eO
cd]l/sL 8n/ @=(@ ldlnog k'us ] f]
k|ltj]gbn] hgfPsf] 5 . kl/of]hgfsf]
…OlG6« OG6' kmf] ; { Ú -OcfO{ P km_
sfof{Gjogsf] % jif{sf] cjlw ;'?
gePsf]n] k/fdz{bftfnfO{{ tf]ss ] f] sfd
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg ug{ ;s]sf]
5}g . …sfof{Gjogsf k"j{ zt{ k"/f gx'bF }
k/fdz{bftf 5g\f6] u/]sf sf/0f yk
nfut j[l4 ePsf] 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
nflu ;do yk ubf{ n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
cjlw;Dd @ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu
dfq cd]l/sL 8n/ $=^* ldlnog
nfut j[l4 ePsf] 5,Ú k|ltj]bgdf
elgPsf] 5 . Pd;LPdf k|dv ' ljQ
Joj:yfkg clws[t ! hgf, ljQ
Joj:yfkg ljz]if1 @ hgf / cfGtl/s
lgoGq0f ljz]if1 ! hgfsf] b/aGbL
5 . pknJw hgzlQmaf6 xfnsf]
k|f/lDes r/0fsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf]
n]vf /fVg / e'QmfgLsf] l;kmfl/; ug{
tyf e'QmfgL lbg ;lsg] g;lsg]
k'i6\ofOF gu/L ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] r]s
hfFr ug{sf nflu ljQLo Ph]06sf]
¿kdf Ps k/fdz{bftf lgo'lQm u/]sf]
dxfn] v fn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f]
k/fdz{bftf;Fu cd]l/sL 8n/ %=)%
ldlnog e'QmfgL ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
/ of] jif{ cd]l/sL 8n/ ^ nfv #
xhf/ cyf{t\ ¿= & s/f]8 ( nfv;d]t
xfn;Dd cd]l/sL 8n/ @=$# ldlnog
cyf{t\ ¿=@& s/f]8 (@ nfv vr{
u/]sf] 5 . …vr{df ldtJolotf sfod
ug{k' g]{ b]lvG5,Ú dxfn]vfn] eg]sf] 5 .
o;} u /L, dxfn] v f k/LIfs
sfof{non] a'waf/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
!(cf}+ jflif{s k|ltjb]gsf cg';f/ /fi6«
a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
cg'udg a9fpg' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
Ps jif{df /fi6« a}s + n] jfl0fHo a}s+ x?df
tLg k6s, ljsf; a}s + df cf7 k6s,
ljQLo sDkgLdf rf/ k6s /
n3'ljQdf !@ k6s u/L s'n @& k6s
dfq} cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f u/]sf]
hgfPsf] 5 . ;~rfns ;ldltn] c;n
zf;g cEof;sf] k|efjsfl/tf, :jfy{sf]
åGå Joj:yfkg, /0fgLlts d"Nox¿sf]
;Gbe{df ;fdy{o\ / sdhf]/Lx¿sf]
d"NofÍg ug]{ gb]lvPsf] dxfn]vfsf]
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .
o:t}, g]kfn /fi6« a}s
+ n] hf/L u/]sf]
lgb]{zgcg';f/ a}Ísf] lg/LIf0fåf/f
p7fOPsf l6Kk0fLx¿sf] sfof{Gjog tyf
kfngfsf] l:ylt ;dLIff u/L
n] v fk/LIf0f ;ldltn] ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]d { f
To:tf] gb]lvPsf] klg hgfPsf] 5 .
clwsf+z jfl0fHo a}Ídf df}Hbft
lg/LIf0f / c;fdLsf] k|df0fLs/0f
sdhf]/ /x]sf], ;+:yfsf] sf]if ;~rfns
;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] vftfdf jf
;xfos sDkgLsf] vftfdf x:tfGt/0f
u/]sf], C0fsf] d'Vo p2]Zo :ki6
g/x]sf], ljZj;gLo cfwf/ a]u/
C0fLsf] qm]l86 d"NofÍg u/]sf],
n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] ljQLo ljj/0f /
c:yfoL ljQLo ljj/0fsf] laqmL /
cfDbfgLsf] tYofÍdf pNn]Vo leGgtf
/x]sf] / shf{ Joj:yf, shf{sf] u0f:t/
tyf Joj;fosf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf
cfwfl/t geO{ shf{sf] cjlwdf
cfwfl/t /x]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t ;'kl/j]If0f
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\\ .
plNnlvt cj:yfn] a}Íx¿n] u/]sf]
C0f Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg sfo{
sdhf]/ /x]sf] dxfn]vfsf] 7x/ 5 .
;~rfns ;ldlt / Joj:yfkgnfO{{ C0f
;~rfng / ultljlwx¿af/] kof{Kt /
;dod} hfgsf/L k|flKtsf] nflu w]/}
h;f] a}8x¿;Fu C0f k|ltj]bg, C0f
s]Gb|Ls/0f k|ltj]bg, hf]lvd d"NofÍg
k|ltj]bg / ckjfb k|ltj]bg h:tf
:jrflnt Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k4ltsf]
k|ltj]bg ug]{ ;ˆ6\j]o/sf] cefj
b]lvPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] oL ;d:ofnfO{{
;dfwfg ug{ ;DalGwt a}Í tyf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{{ lgb]z { g lbP klg a}s + x?n]
kfngf gu/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .
g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf
%-!_-r_ cg';f/ jfl0fHo a}Í tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/
;DaGwdf cfjZos lgodg, lg/LIf0f,
;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ug{k' g]d { f
jflif{s ¿kdfÚsÚ ju{sf jfl0fHo
a}Íx¿sf] dfq ;'kl/j]If0f u/]sf]df
ltgLx¿sf] ;d"x ;+:yfx¿ ;xfos jf
;xof]uL sDkgLx¿sf] ;'kl/j]If0f;d]t
u/]sf] b]lvFbg} .
o:t}, g]kfn /fi6« a}Í k'gs{hf{
sfo{ljlw, @)&& sf] a'bF f !$ -@_
cg';f/ k'gs{hf{sf] cg'udg tyf
lg/LIf0f ug{k' g]d{ f o:tf] shf{ nufgL
¿=! va{ $* ca{ %& s/f]8sf]
;b'kof]u ;DaGwdf cg'udg jf
lg/LIf0f gu/]sf] el6Psf] dxfn]vfn]
hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] s[lif
If]qsf] k|jb{w\ g, a]/f]huf/ o'jfnfO{{
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ / ljb]zaf6 kms]s { f
o' j fnfO{ { :j/f] h uf/ k| b fg ug{
;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{sf nflu Aofh
cg'bfg;DaGwL PsLs[t sfo{ljlw,
@)&% th{ ' d f u/] s f] 5 . pQm
sfo{ljlwsf] kl/R5]b & sf] !( -u_
adf]lhd ;DalGwt a}Í tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] cg'udg, lgodg, lg/LIf0f
tyf ;'kl/j]If0f u/L k|ltj]bg tof/
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cWoog k|ltj]bgdf
;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{ k|jfx nlIft ;d"xdf
geO{ k'/fgf] / :yflkt Joj;fonfO{{
ePsf], sfo{ljlw ljk/Ltsf] k|of]hgdf
ePsf], bf]xf]/f] cg'bfg x'g] u/L ePsf]
/ cfjZostfeGbf a9L ePsf] Joxf]/f
pNn]v 5 . t/, o; ljifodf /fi6«
a}s
+ n]lgodg gu/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
dxfn]vfn] cg'udgsf] bfo/fnfO{{
lj:t[ t ¿kdf j[ l 4 u/L o;sf]
k| e fjsf/Ltfaf/] yk k/LIf0f /
cg'udg ug{k' g]{ lgZsif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 .
 @)&( ;fn ;fpg ! ut] cfOtaf/ 5

>Ln+ssf] 6f6kN6]sf] cy{tGqaf6 s] l;Sg] < ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifåf/f shf{ lbg] tof/L
cGttM >Ln+sfsf k|wfgdGqL
/lgn laqmd l;+3]n] uPsf] h"g @#
oBlk ;txdf x]bf{ s] b]lvG5 eg]
>Ln+sf klg kl5Nnf] ;do k/lge{/
d]n x'g ;St}g . Ps ;dodf >Ln+sfn]
sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] lgdf{0f u/]sf]
sf7df8f}F . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifn]
3/ shf{–;fk6L, z}lIfs shf{–;fk6L
ug]{ >ldsn] cfˆgf] tnasf] !!
k|ltzt / k|lti7fg -/f]huf/bftf_n]
of]ubfgafktsf] /sd sf]ifdf hDdf
u/] s f] 5 . sf] / f] g fsfndf
df>Ln+sfsf] cy{tGq 6f6 kN6]sf] cy{tGqsf] kf;f]df kb}{ uPsf] lyof] . lyof]˜:, h'g t]>f] ljZjsf b]zx?n] / ;fdflhs sfo{ ;fk6L lbg] atfPsf] @) k|ltzt u/L s'n #! k|ltzt of] u bfgstf{ n fO{ { /fxt lbg]
3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\\ . blIf0f Plzofsf] To;dfly sf]le8–!( dxfdf/Ln] ;d]t l;Sgnfos klg dflgGYof] . s'g} klg 5 . sf]ifsf k|jQmf tyf pksfo{sf/L /sd of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs Kofs] h cGtu{ t cy{ dGqfnon]
lgb]z{ s ljj]s kGyLn] cfufdL ;fpg ;'/Iff sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug]{ u5{g\ . @)&^–&& df h]7b]lv c;f/;Dd /
nf]sgf/fo0f ;'ab] L ! ut]bl] v of]ubfgstf{nfO{{ ;fk6L lbg
nfluPsf] atfP . of] ;'lawf;+u]
@)&( h] 7 @$ ut] ;Dd
of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t !* ca{ %%
@)&&–&* sf] h]7 / c;f/ u/L
b'Od{ lxgf afktsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd cy{
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf of]ubfg ug]{ s/f]8 #$ nfv @# xhf/ !#! ?k}ofF dGqfnon] g} hDdf u/]sf] xf] . pQm b'O{
>Ln+sfsf cg'ejaf6 xfdLn] b'O6{ f of] u bfgstf{ n ] @)&( ;fpg ! sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] 5 . ;"rLs[t jif{sf] cjlwdf ^ dlxgfsf] /sd
dxTjk"0f{ kf7 l;Sg ;S5f} . ut]b]lv hDdf u/]sf] /sdsf] *) ePsf !& xhf/ !!& k|lti7fgsf # of]ubfgstf{nfO{{ hDdf ug{k' /]sf] lyPg .
k|ltzt;Dd ljz]if ;fk6L lng kfpg] nfv #* xhf/ **# >ldsn] pQm g]kfndf s'n ( nfv @# xhf/
klxnf] s'/f xf] gjpbf/jfbL ;Qfsf] ePsf 5g\\ . sf]ifdf cfa4 eP/ # /sd hDdf u/]sf x'g\ . !& xhf/ #%^ j6f k|lti7fg /x]sf]df xfn ;Dd
jif{ of]ubfg u/]kl5 of]ubfg u/]sf] !!& k|lti7fgdWo] # xhf/ ^(! !& xhf/ !!& k|lti7fg dfq sf]ifdf
sNof0fsf/L /fHo;Fu s'g} s'n /sddWo] *) k|ltzt /sd k|lti7fgn] k};f hDdf ug{ ev{/ z'¿ ;"rLs[t ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L >d
lsl;dsf] d]n x'g ;St}g . Ps ljz]if ;fk6L:j¿k lng kfOg] ePsf] g} u/]sf 5g\\ . To;}u/L # nfv #* zlQmsf] ;j]{If0fsf] tYof+scg';f/
xf] . of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs xhf/ **# hgf >ldsdWo] @ nfv xfn;Dd !=% k|ltzt JolQm dfq
;dodf >Ln+sfn] sNof0fsf/L ;'/Iff P]gdf o;cl3 g} pQm k|fjwfg #@ xhf/ %(@ hgf >ldsn] ev{/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf cfa4 ePsf]
/fHosf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof]˜:, h'g /flvPsf] eP klg sf]if ;~rfng k};f hDdf ug{ z'¿ u/]sf] kGyLn] >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
ePsf] tLg jif{ k"/f gePsfn] nfu" atfP . clxn] cfP/ k|To]s dlxgf dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . of]ubfgdf
t]>f] ljZjsf b]zx?n] x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . To;afx]s @)&( cf};t ! ca{ ?k}ofF hlt of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdlhs ;'/Iff sf]if P]gdf
;fpg ! ut]b]lv of]ubfgstf{n] cfwfl/t /sd hDdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lghL If] q sf ;a} k| l ti7fgnfO{ {
l;Sgnfos klg dflgGYof] . s'g} lwtf]df cfwfl/t ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sddWo] emG8} clgjfo{¿kdf sf]ifdf cfa4 x'g'kg]{
klg u}/gjpbf/jfbL zf;g Aoj:yfdf t o; k|sf/sf sNof0fsf/L /fHon] ;d]t lng kfpg] kGyLn] atfP . 3/
shf{–;fk6L, z}lIfs shf{–;fk6L /
() k|ltzt /sd d'2tL vftfdf
nufgL ul/Psf] 5 eg] s]xL /sd
elgPsf] 5 . t/ clwsf+ z
k|lti7fgx¿ sf]ifdf cfa4 ePs}
ljb]zL d'bf| cfodf PsfPs cfPsf] :vng of lu/fj6nfO{{ klg b]zdfly ;fdflhs sfo{ ;fk6L lng kfpg] pgn] C0fkq / ljleGg kl/of]hgfdf klg 5}gg\ . btf{ gx'g] k|lti7fgx¿ ;+:yf
atfP . of]ubfgstf{n] 3/ shf{– nufgL ul/Psf] 5 . btf{ lgnDag ug{ ;Sg], gjLs/0f
C0fsf] af]em gyf]kl/sg cgfjZos j:t' cfoftdf c+sz' nufpg] t/Lsfn] ;fk6L zLif{sdf lwtf] /fv]/ 3/, hUuf, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf cfa4 /f]Ssf ug{ ;Sg], /fxbfgL /f]Ssf
;DxfNg ;St5 . t/, gjpbf/jfbL cy{Aoj:yfdf t o:tf] xfnt pTkGg x'bF f jf 3/ hUuf ;d]tsf nflu C0f ePsf s'n @& xhf/ ^ ;o *@ hgf ug{;Sg] h:tf sf/jfxLsf] k|fjwfg
kfpg]5g\\ . of]ubfgstf{sf] !% jif{sf] of]ubfgstf{x¿n] sf]ifsf] ljleGg 5 . t/ sf] i fn] btf{ gePsf
;/sf/n] of t cfkm\gf] vr{df s6f}tL ug}k{ g]{ x'G5 / o;/L sNof0fsf/L tnaafkt kfpg] /sd jf &% nfv of]hgfcGtu{t nfe p7fO;s]sf 5g\\ . k|lti7fgx¿nfO{{ s'g} klg sf/jfxL g}
/sddWo] h'g sd x'G5, Tolt /sd tL of]ubfgstf{x¿df sf]ifsf] s'n ! u/]sf] 5}g . ;a} k|lti7fgx¿nfO{{
/fHosf]?kdf cfkm\gf sbdx?nfO{{ sdhf]/ ;fljt ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 h;n] ubf{ of]ubfgstf{n] 3/–hUuf lsGgsf nflu ca{ ## s/f]8 %$ nfv ?k}ofF vr{ ;"rLs/0f u/fpgsf nflu sf]if cfkm}+
;sn dfu / o;/L cfoftnfO{{ tn emfg{ ;lsg] dflgG5 of cfkm\gf] vr{ – C0f kfpg]5g\\ . To;}u/L of]ubfgstf{ eO;s]sf] 5 . sf]ifsf k|jQmf kGyLsf klg k|fP] lS6e eP/ gnfu]sf] k|jQmf
cfkm},+ pgsf >Ldfg\–>LdtL, 5f]/f5f]/L cg';f/ cf}iflw pkrf/, :jf:Yo tyf kGyL klg :jLsf/ u5{g\ .Ú gf}nf] ljifo
h;df sNof0fsf/L vr{ klg ;fd]n /x]sf] 5, Tof] sfod /fVgsf lglDt p;n] ;d]tsf] pRr lzIff cfh{gsf nflu dft[Tj ;'/Iff of]hgfcGtu{t s'n !) klg ePsfn] a'‰g]–a'emfpg] qmd hf/L
cfkm\gf] 6fpsf]dfly ljb]zL C0fsf] af]em af]Sg tof/ x'g} kb{5 . of] kl5Nnf] #% nfv ?k}ofF;Dd z}lIfs ;fk6L– xhf/ !@^ hgfn] !* s/f]8 &) nfv 5,Ú kGyLn] eg], …sf/jfxL xfdLn]
C0f kfpg]5g\\ . ?k}ofF sf]ifaf6 k|fKt u/]sf 5g\\ . ug]{eGbf klg ;DalGwt lgsfodf
af6f] /f]Hg'k/]sf] ca:ydf olb ljb]zL d'bf| cfh{gdf s'g} lanDa x'g] l:ylt 5 To;}u/L ;fdflhs sfo{cGtu{t To;}u/L b'3{6gf tyf c;Qm sf/jfxLsf nflu n] v L k7fpg]
ljjfx, j|taGwnufot cGo ;+:sf/ ;' l jwfafkt $ ;o &) hgf clwsf/ dfq sf]ifnfO{{ 5 .Ú
eg] yf]/} ;dodf g} C0fsf zt{x? ax't ef/L x'g hfG5g\\ / b]z C0fsf] tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ ug{sf nflu klg of]ubfgstf{df s'n ! s/f]8 *@ nfv # jif{sf] cjlwdf Pp6f dfq
kf;f]df kg{ k'Ub5 . To; l:yltdf sNof0fsf/L /fHosf sbdx? sfod /fVg % nfv ?k}ofF;Dd of]ubfgstf{n] lwtf]
/fv]/ C0f kfpg]5g\\ . of]ubfgstf{n]
?k}ofF vr{ ePsf] 5 . cfl>t kl/jf/
;'/Iff of]hgfcGtu{t @ ;o % hgf
;+:yfnfO{{ sf/jfxLsf nflu sf]ifn] >d
ljefudf n]vL k7fPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
k"0f{?kn] c;+ea g} x'ghfG5 . cfufdL ;fpg ! ut]b]lv ljgflwtf] of]ubfgstf{df # s/f]8 @ nfv ?k}ofF >d dGqfno dftxtsf] >d ljefud}
/ lwtf];d]t /fv]/ kfpg] C0fsf] vr{ ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L @)&* btf{ ePsf] sd{7 ;]So'l/6Lsf] ;+:yf
cfly{s a[l4 b/ lgs} /fd|f] txdf >Ln+sfsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfo>f]tsf]?kdf u}/gjpbf/jfbL zf;g Aoj:yfdf t Aofhb/ eg] lgwf{/0f eO;s]sf] 5}g . c;f/ d;fGtcl3 sf]ifdf ;"rLs[t btf{ gjLs/0f gug{ eg]/ sf]ifn] n]vL
eO/x]sf] dflgg] u/]sf] >Ln+sfdf o:tf] /x]sf] ko{6g pBf]unfO{{ g/fd|/L ;'sfP/ o; k|sf/sf sNof0fsf/L /fHon] of]ubfgstf{n] u/]sf] of]ubfg / Aofh eP/ hflu/ 5f8] / cjsfz k7fPsf] lyof] . pQm ;] S o' l /6L
eofjx ;+s6 lsg / s;/L cfof] cy{tGqdf yk df/ xfGof] / ynf ljb]zL d'b|f cfodf PsfPs cfPsf] ;d]t u/]/ emG8} %) ca{ ?k}ofF ;' l jwfcGtu{ t hDdf u/] s f] #! sDkgLdf emG8} $ ;o hgf sfo{/t
To;sf af/]df /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o a;fof] . csf]{lt/ a}slNks k|f+ufl/s :vng of lu/fj6nfO{{ klg b]zdfly sf]ifdf hDdf eO;s]sf] 5 . sf]ifdf k|ltzt /sdsf] *=## k|ltzt /sd /x] klg sf]ifdf btf{ u/fpg cfpFbf
:t/df ;]dt cfh cg]s l6sfl6Kk0fL / k|fs[lts dnsf] 7f]; Aoj:yf gu/L C0fsf] af]em gyf]kl/sg cgfjZos b'O{ lsl;dsf] /sd hDdf x'G5 . !^ xhf/ **! hgfn] lkmtf{ lnPsf $ hgf >lds dfq sfo{/t /x]sf]
/ ljj]rgfx? eO/x]sf 5g\\ . t/, /f;folgs dnsf] pkof]unfO{{ PsfPs j:t' cfoftdf c+ s ' z nufpg] cfly{s jif{ @)^^–^& b]lv g} lng] 5g\\ . o;/L lkmtf{ lnPsf] /sd ! ljj/0f a'emfPsf] lyof] . …To;kl5
o;sf] d"ndf k'u]/ ;xL lgisif{ cGTo ug]{ sfo{n] s[lif pTkfbgdf klg t/Lsfn] ;DxfNg ;St5 . t/, ul/Psf] ! k|ltzt ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ca{ !) s/f]8 /x]sf] kGyLn] atfP . pQm ;+:yfdf sfo{/t /x]sf cGo
lgsfNg eg] w]/} sdn] dfq ;s]sf] 7"nf] x|f; cfof] . cfoft a9L lgof{t gjpbf/jfbL cy{Aoj:yfdf t o:tf] s/ ;/sf/sf] /fhZj vftfdf hDdf pQm /sddWo] s]xLn] *=## k|ltzt >ldsx¿n] ph'/L lbPkl5 pQm
b]lvFb} cfPsf] 5 . To;f] x'g' s'g} sdsf sf/0f Aofkf/ 3f6f / x|f;f]Gd'v xfnt pTkGg x'Fbf ;/sf/n] of t ePklg sf]ifsf] vftfdf eg] cfO;s]sf] /sd lkmtf{ kfPsf 5g\\ eg] s]xLn] ;+:yfsf] gjLs/0f /f]Ssf ug{ >d
c:jfefljs / cgf}7f] s'/f klg xf]Og . e'Stfg ;Gt'ng klg cy{tGq sdhf]/ cfkm\gf] vr{df s6f}tL ug}k{ g]{ x'G5 / 5}g .ÚemG8} $$ ca{ hlt /sd pQm @*=## k|ltzt /sd kfPsf 5g\\ . ljefunfO{{ xfdLn] n]vL k7fPsf lyof},+ Ú
lsgeg] cy{tGqs} ;xL ljsf;sf] kfg]{ sf/s aGof] . e|i6frf/, s'zf;g o;/L sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] ? kdf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/afkt /fhZj hflu/ 5f8]/ hfg]x¿dWo] cjsfz kGyLn] nf] s fGt/;F u yk] , …>d
af6f] s f af/] d f klg /fli6« o / hgpQ/bfloTjsf] cefjn] ;d]tn] cfkm\gf sbdx?nfO{{ sdhf]/ ;fljt vftfdf hDdf eP klg ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k]G;g of]hgfcGtu{t @ jif{ k"/f ljefun] gjLs/0f /f]s]kl5 ! ;o
cGt/f{li6«?kdf Ps dt /x]sf] 5}g . ubf{ cy{tGq hgd'vL, cfTdlge{/ / ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 h;n] ubf{ ;sn dfu sf]ifsf] vftfdf cfO;s]sf] 5}g,Ú k|jQmf gePsfn] *=## k|ltzt /sd kfPsf %) hgf >ldsnfO{{ pQm ;+:yfn]
oBlk k'FhLjfbL cy{a]Qfx? a]nf ;d' G gt aGg] agfpg] l t/ s' g } / o;/L cfoftnfO{{ tn emfg{ ;lsg] kGyLn] atfP . 5g\\ eg] @ jif{ k"/f ePsfn] @*=## sf]ifdf ;"rLs/0f u/fPsf] lyof] .Ú
a]nfdf cy{tGqdf o:tf ;+s6x? lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ lsl;dn] Wofg k'us ] f] dflgG5 of cfkm\gf] vr{ – h;df sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] csf]{ /sd k|ltzt /sd lkmtf{ kfPsf 5g\\ . cem} klg p;n] ;a} >ldssf]
cfp5g\\ eg]/ ;txL lsl;dsf lgisif{ 7f]; sbd rfn]sf] b]lvPg . o:tf] sNof0fsf/L vr{ klg ;fd]n /x]sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] /sd klg xf] . o;/L hDdf x'g] #! k|ltzt /sddWo] ;"rLs/0f ul/;s]sf] 5}g . ha;Dd
lgsfNb} !(@( sf] ljZj cfly{s dGbL, l:yltdf s'g} klg a]nf ;+s6 lglDtg 5, Tof] sfod /fVgsf lglDt p;n] af]g; P]g, @)#) cg';f/ k|To]s @=^& k|ltzt /sd aLdfsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGo ;a} lgsfonfO{{
@))* sf] cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s dGbL ;Sg] x'G5, x'GYof] / To;} eof] . To;}n] cfkm\gf] 6fpsf]dfly ljb]zL C0fsf] k|lti7fgdf gfkmf ePsf] /sd af]g; sf]ifn] 5'§} af:s]6 kmG8df hDdf ug]{ Ps} ;fy lnP/ PsLs[ t ¿kdf
/ To:t} lsl;dsf] u|L;sf] cfly{s cfh >Ln+sfn] b}lgs u'hf/f rnfpg af]em af]Sg tof/ x'g} kb{5 . of] afF8\g'kg]{ x'G5 . af]g;sf] /sddWo] u5{ . of] u bfgstf{ hflu/af6 cleofg g} rnfpFb}g, ta;Dd ;a}
dGbLnfO{{ pbfx/0fsf]?kdf lng] / klg afXo b]z / laQLo ;+:yfx?;Fu kl5Nnf] af6f] /f]Hg'k/]sf] ca:ydf &) k|ltzt /sd k|lti7fgsf] cfˆg} cjsfz kfP klg aLdfafkt ;+:yfx¿ ;"rLs/0f x'g ufx|f] /x]sf]
cf}+Nofpg] ub{5g\\ . of] cy{tGqnfO{{ xft k;fg'{ kg]{ bogLo ca:yf pTkGg olb ljb]zL d'bf| cfh{gdf s'g} lanDa sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf hDdf x'G5 eg] 5'6o\ fOPsf] /sd lkmtf{ kfpFbg} g\ . pgn] atfP . …sf/jfxL ug{ uof] eg]
leGg lsl;dn] kl/rfng ug{sf lglDt ePsf] 5n{Ë 5 . vfBfGg, OGwg / x'g] l:ylt 5 eg] yf]/} ;dodf g}
#) k|ltzt /sd ;fdflhs ;'/Iff hf] l vdcGtu{ t b' 3 { 6 gf, pkrf/ klg cj/f] w cfpF 5 , sfd ug] {
o:tf ;+s6x? …zs l6«6d]06Úsf] ?kdf cf}ifwL ;d]tsf] r/d cefj 5 . o; C0fsf zt{x? ax't ef/L x'g hfG5g\\
sf]ifdf hDdf x'gk' 5{ . sf]ifsf k|jQmf cflbsf] aLdfafkt pQm /sd vr{ >lds;Fu g t lgo'lQm kq x'G5, g
klg cfpg] ub{5g\\ eg]/ o;nfO{{ l:yltaf6 kf/ kfpg / ;xL af6f] / b]z C0fsf] kf;f]df kg{ k'Ub5 .
:jfefljs dfGg] ub{5g\\ . nfUg cToGt} sl7g x'g k'u]sf] 5 . To; l:yltdf sNof0fsf/L /fHosf kGyLsf cg';f/ xfn;Dd af]g; x'g] u/]sf] kGyLn] atfP . t >d ;Demf}tf,Ú kGyLn] yk], …cd"s
cfhsf] skf] { / ] 6 k' F h LjfbL s[lif / ko{6g If]qsf] k'g/f]4f/ ug]{ sbdx? sfod /fVg k"0f{?kn] c;+ea afF8]afktsf] #) k|ltzt /sd g} cfly{ s jif{ @)&^–&& b] l v ;+:yfsf] cd"s JolQm >lds xf] eGg]
cy{ t Gqsf] hdfgfdf h' g clt 7f]; / Aoxfl/s /fli6«o sfo{qmd g} x'ghfG5 . #) ca{ ?k}ofF sf]ifsf] vftfdf hDdf @)&&–&* ;Ddsf] b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwdf s'/f k'li6 ug]{ s'g} sfuhft g} gx'g]
gfkmfd'vL / dflg; tyf k|sl[ tnfO{{ tTsfn canDag gu/] >Ln+sfsf] eO;s]sf] 5 . csf]{ k|lti7fgdf sfd g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'n ^ dlxgfsf] cj:yfdf sf/jfxL klg ug{ ;lsFbg} .Ú
lgd{d bf]xg ug]{ k'h
F LjfbnfO{{ a9fjf cy{tGq k'ghL{ljt / ultzLn tyf
lbOg] ul/G5, To;n] cfdhgtf /
k|sl[ tsf] wfGg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] j]jf:tf
u/]/ gfkmf s]lGb|t cy{gLlt cufl8
a9fpF b 5 To;n] ubf{ g} o:tf
cafl~5t / ck"a{ cfly{s ;+s6x?
bLuf] x'g ;St}g . ToxfFsf] zf;g
k|zf;g / Aoa:yf klg ;]jf / j:t'
k|bfg u/]/ ;'zf;g v8f ug{ ;Sg] /
o;/L ljZjfl;nf] ;+/rgf aGg ;Sg]
l:ylt aGb}g . tyflk /0fgLlts
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
cfpg] ub{5g\\ . t/, of] s'/fnfO{{
n'sfpg l5kfpg / cGoqlt/ df]8\g
;+s6sf] >f]t / To;sf] d"ne"t
s'/faf6 ljifo j:t'nfO{{ cGoqlt/
dxTjsf b]zx?nfO{{ ;xof]u u/]/ k'gM
k6/Ldf Nofpg / cnkq g5f8\g
cy{tGqsf 1ftfx?n] cf}+NofO/x]sfn]
;Dxflng] lemg' cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
df]8\g] / ljifofGt/ ug]{ ul/G5 .
clxn]sf] >Ln+sfsf] cy{ ;+s6sf] s'/f
>Ln+sfsf cg'ejaf6 xfdLn]
b'O{6f dxTjk"0f{ kf7 l;Sg ;S5f} . g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
klg o:t} ts{ lats{ s f] klxnf] s'/f xf] gjpbf/jfbL ;Qfsf] kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
s'O/Ld08nsf aLraf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . sNof0fsf/L /fHo;Fu s'g} lsl;dsf]
 6 @)&( ;fn ;fpg ! ut] cfOtaf/
hgo'4 / ;f+:s[lts ktgsf] k|lqmof
;ª\s6sfn nufPkl5 ljz]ifu/L
;x/L If]qdf ;r{ ug]{, lu/ˆtf/ ug]{
sfo{nfO{{ ;/sf/n] tLj| kf¥of] . bdg
a9fP/ nlu;s]kl5 dflyNnf] :t/sf
zf]ef b'nfn
g]tfx¿ ;x/sf] a;fO cGTo ub}{
u|fdL0f If]q cem cfwf/Onfsflt/
;/Ss ;/] . To;df klg e]nf, a}7s,
e]63f6 ;a}sf nflu cfwf/ If]qdf
uP/ ug]{ clg of]hgf sfof{Gjog
;x/df ug]{ x'g yfNof] . sf7df8f}F
pkTosf s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf] d'Vofno
ePsfn] To; 7fpFdf ljb|fx] L ultljlwn]
yf]/} dfq ult lnFbf klg /fli6«o
cGt/f{li6«o dxŒj x'g] eof] . kmf}hL
sfo{ eof] ls To;sf] t/ª\ u
;fd|fHojfbLx¿sf] d'Vofno;Dd ys{g]
l:ylt lyof] . Tof] dxŒjnfO{ {
k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfn] hlt 5n{ªu\
c¿ s;n] a'‰g ;SYof] / Û To;kl5
/Xof] s'/f ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf],
pm emg\ a9L a'‰g] eO{ g} xfNof] .
To;}cg'¿k Psn] csf]n { fO{{ lgif]w u/]/
cfˆgf] k|efj hdfpg] k|lt:kwf{df
k' / fgf] /fHo;Qfsf 7] s ] b f/,
kx/]bf/x¿ cfˆgf] dfq zlQmn] gk'u/]
lj:tf/jfbL, ;fd|fHojfbLx¿;Fu lev
dfu]/ eP klg k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf]
r'/Lkm'/L b]vfpg}kg]{ afWotf lyof] .
ptf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{{ klg d'Vo
s]Gb|nfO{{ 5f]8]/ jl/kl/ hlt g} sAhf
u/] klg To;sf] /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o
k|efj eg] Tolt 7"nf] kg]{ lyPg .
To;}n] h;/L klg cfˆgf] bx|f] pkl:ylt
/ k| e fjsf/L sf/afxLx¿ ca
pkTosf If]qd} ug'k{ g]{ afWotf lyof] .
t/ /fHon] bdgnfO{{ rf/}lt/ tLj|
agfPsf] lyof] . 3/wgLx¿nfO{{ sf]7fdf
a:g]x¿sf] gful/stf, kmf]6f];lxt
kmf/fd} e/]/ j8f k|x/L sfof{nox¿df
a'emfpg'kg]{ afWofTds pbL{ g} hf/L
ul/Psf] lyof] . d'Vo If]qLo, s]Gb|Lo
;b:ox¿sf gfddf t …6fpsf]
emf]nfdf, k};f af]/fdfÚ elgPYof] .
kmf]6f], gfd, 5f]kj' f gfd, x'lnof;lxt
/]l8of], 6]lnlehgdf ;d]t o;nfO{{
e]6d] f k|zf;gdf a'emfpg'xf]nf cyjf
uf]Ko ¿kdf ;"rgf lbg'xf]nf . o;/L
;"rgf lbg]nfO{{ Ogfd, olt nfv plt
nfv lbOg] 5 eGb} ;" r gf hf/L
ul/Psfn] gfd–y/ n'sfP/, kl/ro
glbO{sg ef8fdf a:g kfOg] cj:yf
klg lyPg . To;}n] sltko g]tf–
sfo{stf{nfO{{ u|fdL0f Onfsflt/}sf]
lhDd]jf/Ldf ;?jf ul/of] . pgLx¿
ToxLFsf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug{ yfn] .
c¿ hf] afFsL lqmofzLn sfo{stf{
lyP . hf] s'g} k];fdf cfa4 eP/
cf+lzs kf6L{sf] sfd uy],{ pgLx¿nfO{{
klg ca 3/df a;]/ cfˆgf] k];f,
Joj;fo ;dfn]/ kf6L{sf] sfd ug{;Sg]
l:ylt cGTo eof] . pgLx¿ To;/L
a;]df k|zf;gn] s'g} klg a]nf
lu/ˆtf/ ug{;Sg] / d'2f nufpg;Sg]
eof] . hf] To;/L 3/d} a;] ,
pgLx¿nfO{{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ h]n xfNg
yfn]kl5 a;f}{+b]lv km';{bdf dfq
/fhgLlt ug]{, c¿ ;dodf cfˆgf]
3/kl/jf/, k];f, Joj;fo ;dfn]/
a;]sf sfo{stf{x¿ ca k|zf;gsf]
bafan] 3/ 5f]8]/ k"/} ;do kf6L{
sfo{stf{ eP/ lxF8\g yfn] . To;}n]
sfo{stf{ lbg b'u'gfsf b/n] a9]sf
lyP . clg g]tfsf kl/jf/nfO{{ klg
ToxL s'/f nfu" eof] . g]tfx¿ h;n]
cfˆgL >LdtLnfO{ { 3/ rnfpg
nufP/ cfk"m g]tT[ j u/L lxF8s ] f lyP,
pgLx¿ ca cfˆgf]
cfjZostfcg';f/ 3/df hfg gkfpg]
eP lsgeg] sfo{If]qdf slt d]xgt
ubf{ ge]l6Psf g]tf pgLx¿sf] 3/df
9's/] a;]kl5 ;lhn} p;nfO{{ lu/ˆtf/
ug{ ;Sy] . p:t} k/] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtsf]
axfgf agfP/ dfl/lbg ;Sy] . To;}n]
pgLx¿sf] bf]xf]/f] lhGbuLsf] la:tf/}
cGTo x'bF } lyof] . o;n] g]tf–sfo{stf{df
Pp6} af6f], Pp6} p2]Zo clg Pp6}
8'ª\ufdf b'O{6f v'§f x'GYof] gq b'O{6f
8'ªu\ fdf Ps–Ps v'§fh:tf] l:yltdf
g]tfx¿ kf6L{ rnfO{/x]sf lyP .
;ª\s6sfn nufPkl5 ljBfyL{,
dlxnfnufot ;Dk" 0 f{ hgjuL{ o
;ª\u7gsf e]nf, ;Dd]ng, a}7s
;a}nfO{{ k|ltaGw nufPof] . To;kl5
ls k|zf;gdf cfTd;dk{0f u/L ;Dk"0f{
/fhgLlt Tofu]/ 3/ a:g'kg]{ ls eg]
;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf k|lta4 eP/ kf6L{
sfddf hxfF kf6L{n] v6fpF5 ToxLF uP/
ug'{kg]{ l:ylt cfof] . of] l:yltdf
cfˆgf]–cfˆgf] ;f]rfO, a'emfO /
lhDd]jf/Laf]wcg';f/ sfo{stf{n] lg0f{o
u/] . sltko g]t[Tjd} ePsfn] klg
cfTd;dk{0f u/]/ a;] eg] sltko
gofF ev{/ ;Dks{df cfPsfx¿ k"/}
;do kf6L{sf] sfo{stf{ eP/ sfd
ug{ yfn] . kf6L{sf] 3gLe"t pkl:ylt
ePsf] u|fdL0f Onfsf lyof] . ToxfF
k'/fgf sfo{stf{ sd lyP . ltgLx¿
hgo'4 3gLe"t x'Fb} hfg] qmddf
nfda4 x'Fb} cfPsfx¿ g} dxŒjk"0f{
lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ul//x]sf lyP .
ltgLx¿n] tTsfnLg sfo{, :jfy{,
sfdsf] ljifonfO{{ a'em]sf lyP . t/
bL3{sfnLg kf6L{sf] p2]Zob]lv kf6L{sf]
l;4fGt klg pxL k|lzIf0fdf ;'g/]
hlt 3f]s]sf 5g\\ Tolt dfq a'em]sf
x'Gy] . To;}n] xf]nf ;x/L If]qaf6
cfPsf g]tfnfO{{ t xf]Og, sfo{stf{nfO{{
eg] oL ;x/L If]qdf dl/G5 eg]/ efu]/
cfPsf t x'g\ eGg] vfnsf] a'emfO
x'g] uYof]{ ha ls kf6L{sf] cfb]zlagf
s'g} klg sfo{stf{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{
7fpFdf hfg] cg'dlt lyPg . To;f]
ul/of] eg] vt/fn] klv{Psf] x'GYof] .
kf6L{n] Tof] 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L lng]
klg lyPg . o:tf] l:yltdf pgLx¿
s;/L, s] cfwf/df JolQm cfkm}F cfˆgf]
OR5fn] Tof] Onfsfdf k'u]sf] h:tf]
u/] / cf/f] k nufpF y ] . Psflt/
pgLx¿k|lt 3[0ff x'GYof] eg] csf]l{ t/
pgLx¿sf] n3';f]rfOk|lt bof nfu]/
cfpFYof] . Toltv]/ pkTosf If]qdf
k|zf;lgs bdg slt w]/} a9\of] eg]
;fª\u7lgs sfd k|foM ug}{ g;lsg]
h:tf] eof] . To;kl5 kf6L{n] 5'§} 6f]nL
agfof] h;nfO{{ ljz]if sfo{bn -
P;=6L=Pkm=_ elgGYof] . pgLx¿
cfjZosLo k|lzIf0f, cfb]z, of]hgf
lngsf nflu pxL l/ª If]qdf hfg],
lnP/ kms{g] / sfd ug{ yfNy] .
pkTosf sfo{bndf sfd ug]x{ ¿ clt
k|lta4, s'zn, l56f]5l/tf] clg
cfkm}F lg0f{o ug{;Sg], cem sltko
of]hgfx¿ agfP/ lg0f{o u/fpg klg
;Sg] zlQmzfnL 6f]nL pkTosfdf
kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] 6f]nLn]
u/]sf x/]s sf/afxLx¿ ;kmn ePsf
lyP / To;n] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;QfnfO{{
Pskl5 csf]{ hf]8bf/ wSsf lbFb}
uO/x]sf] lyof] . To;} qmddf Pshgf
6f]nLsf] dfG5] pgLx¿sf] sAhfdf k/]5
/ To;nfO{{ pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] sAhfdf
lnPsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs gu/Lsg
ljleGg k|nf]eg b]vfP/ cfˆgf] kIfdf
sfd u/fpg yfn]5g\\ . pm Ps lbg,
b'O{ lbg la/fP/ …l/ªÚ If]qdf ePsf
g]tT[ j;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{ clg otf c¿
t 7Ls} 5 t/ tkfO{+x¿nfO{{ cem}
vt/f x'g;S5 . clxNo} gcfpg'xf]nf
eGg] ul//Xof] . Tolta]nf hlt g]tf
pkTosf cfP, ;a}nfO{{ k|zf;gn]
aN5Ldf cfPsf] df5fnfO{{ h;/L
Pskl5 csf]{nfO{{ lu/ˆtf/ u¥of] .
Tof] s'/f yfxf kfpg kf6L{nfO{{ 7"nf]
d"No r'sfpg'k¥of] .
pkTosfdf sfo{/t 6f]nL pkTosf
k:g] of]hgf;lxt dsjfgk'/sf] Pp6f
ufpF h'g afudtLlsgf/df cjl:yt
5 -hxfF dfemLx¿sf] a;f]af; 5,
h;nfO{{ au]/L elgG5_ Tof] ufpFdf e]nf
lyof] . ;a}sf] /fo–ljrf/ lng] ;fy}
dflysf] of]hgf lbg] klg eof] . ToxL
a}7sdf xf] 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L x'gx] ¿nfO{{
o;/L k|z; + f ul/of] ls pm t s'g}
bGTosyfsf] cnf}lss rdTsf/L kfq
g} xf] / p;n] rfx]df ug{ g;Sg] s'g}
sfd of] ;+;f/df 5}g . c¿x¿
eg]sfrflxF lemgfdl;gf x'g,\ ltgLx¿
x'bF f /fd|} x'G5 . gx'bF f klg vf;} 7"nf]
km/s s]xL kb}g{ eGg]h:tf] cfzon]
pb\3f]if0f eof] . d]/f] af]Ng] kfnf] cfof],
d}n] af]Ng] a]nf h;/L c¿ 7"nf] kb
x'g]nfO{{ 7"n} vfnsf] ;Ddfghgs
kb;lxtsf] pRrf/0f;lxt ;Daf]wg
ul//x]sf lyP, d}n] Ps d'77\ Ldf w]/}
7" n f 7" n f, demf} n f clg ;fgf
sd/]8x¿nfO{{ Ps;fy ;nfd eg]F .
To;kl5 ;a}hgf ljz]iftM g]tf–
a'l4hLjLx¿n] unnNn xfF;/] p8fP .
sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ d f 7" n f] – ;fgf]
lhDd]jf/Ldf dfq x'G5 t/ rfs/L,
rfKn' ; L, kbsf] 3d08,
cg' e jjfbh:tf rLhx¿af6
sDo'lg:6x¿ afx| xft k/ a:g'k5{
eGg] s'/f l;s]/ cfPsL dnfO{{ To:tf]
g]tf–sfo{stf{s} aLrdf b]lvPsf] lje]b
k6Ss} kr]g . pgLx¿n] eg] Tof]
s'/fnfO{{ Pp6f /dfOnf] r'6l\ snfsf
¿kdf lnP . ToxL s'/f a9\b} uP/
kl5kl5 g]tT[ j k"/} gf]s/zfxL x'bF } uof] .
ju{lje]b pTkfbg ug]{ sf/vfgfh:tf]
kf6L{ x'g yfNof] . hf] tNnf] :t/sf]
kbdf sfd uYof],{ p;sf] d"No sd xf]
h;/L a' ‰ g] cfdrng g} kf6L{
kl/lwleqsf] klg rng aGb} uof] .
h'g kf6L{, qmflGt / hgtf ;a}sf]
lxtljk/Lt lyof]] . ;a} s'/f ldnfP/
nfg ;Sg] kl/l:ylt t lyPg t/ To:tf]
s'/f a'emfpg g]tfx¿n] cfjZos
7fg]gg\ . sltko cj:yfdf g]tfx¿
klg ToxL vfnsf] lrGtgaf6 u|:t
lyP h;n] ubf{ Jofjxfl/s s'/fx¿nfO{{
jf:t} ub}g{ y] jf To;af6 efUy] . Tof]
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sfnf] agfpg ;Sg] ts{ ul/xfNy] .
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pgLx¿nfO{{ ug{ nufpg] uy]{ . …:6fkmÚ
gfdwf/L sfo{stf{nfO{{ n'uf w'g, cfk"mn]
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sfo{stf{n] cfnf]rgf ug{ ;Sg] ef}lts
jftfj/0f lyPg . eGg t …k|ltqmflGt
/f]Sg hgtfsf]] x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsfnfO{{
;'lglZrt ug]{Ú elgPsf] lyof] .
;dfhdf k|ltqmflGtsf/L k|jl[ Q /x]sf]
x'G5 . To;nfO{{ ¿kfGt/0f ug'{kg]{df
hgo'4sf] kl5Nnf] cjlwdf g]tfx¿
g} k'/fg} ;+:sf/, cfr/0f, Jojxf/ /
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e};
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sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf g]tf aGg pT;'s
x'g,] v';L x'g] t/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
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lj/f]w ul/of], gkfpFbf To;nfO{{ ;x]/
lxFl8of] . >lds hgtfsf] dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{ k | l t ckf/ ljZjf; lyof] .
pgLx¿ dfcf]jfbL eg]kl5 c;fWo}
dfof uy]{ . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] pgLx¿
cfˆgf] ufF ; sf6] / } eP klg
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;fwg kof{Kt x'GYof] . t/ ;s];Dd
vfgf v'jfpg, a:g lbg dfGb}gy] .
cg]s axfgf agfpFy] . sltko a]nf
t dfcf]jfbL cfPsf] yfxf kfPkl5
cGg n'sfpg] clg 5}g klg eGy] .
g]tfnfO{{ e]6] eg]rflxF af6f]df e]6] klg
d'vdf lrKnf] 3:b} af]nfpFy] . o:tf
s'/fx¿df dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjx¿n]
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rfnL;hgf hltsf] lyof] . To;df
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L, OGrfh{, If]qLo ;b:o
/ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o;Ddsf lhDd]jf/
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a:g cg'/f]w klg u/] . l7Ss af;
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s'/f eof] . ha 6f]nL p;sf] 3/df
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leq af]nfP/ nUof] . ToxL 6f]nLsf
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eg], …clnslt b"w /x]5, ;a}nfO{{
gk'Ug] . To;}n] xfdLnfO{{ dfq lbPsf]
/]Ú eg] . d}n] oL ;fwf/0f hgtf dfq
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gk'Ug] eP/ xf] /] eg]sf lyP . d}n]
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tkfO{+x¿ cfˆgf sfo{stf{k|lt slt
lhDd] j f/ x' g ' x ' G 5 < slt dfof
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w]/} 7"nf] agfpg s] cfjZos <Ú eg] .
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klg 5g\\ . la/fdLx¿ 5g\\ . ;f7L
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psfnf]–cf]/fnf], /ft–lbg, ;fFem–laxfg
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dl;gf] eg]h:tf] vfgf vfg gh'g{] s'/f
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kf]l;nf]–/l;nf] vfgf dfUg] g} eof] .
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eg]/ af]Ng] cfF6 ub}{gYof] .
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lyof] p;sf] kf6L{leq–aflx/ htftt}
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eGgf;fy tl;{ G 5g\ \ , h;/L
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p;n] Tof] ;r]t ¿kdf u5{ ls
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sfo{stf{, km6fxf, n'Rrf, hgtf
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lyof] . hf] /fd|f] lyof] pm emg\ /fd|f]
eP/ lg:sGYof] . hf] clnslt /fd|f]
clnslt g/fd|f] lyof], pm ls /fd|f]
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g} kf6L{ ePsfn] JolQmlxt Psd'i7df
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lghL ;DklQsf] /Iffsf nflu zlQmsf]
t/ /fHoJoj:yf / cfly{s k|0ffnL
kl/jt{g;lxtsf] ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts
sfd ug]{ sfdL, k|ljlwsf sfd ug]{ rdf/, ;fsL{, bdfO{nufot j}1flgs k|fljlws klxrfgsf] d'2f gePsf sf/0f . tLg, cfh{g ug]{ qmddf /fHo;Qfsf] pTklQ cGt/3' n gsf] af6f] 5f] 8 ] /
of] ;d'bfosf] klxrfg pTkLl8t / eof] To;kl5 ju{ lgdf{0fsf ;fy} wd{kl/jt{gsf] e|dk"0f{ / cj}1flgs
5g\\ . To;}u/L, ;+uLtsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ uGwj{, jfbL, bdfO{nufot ;h{s x]lkPsf] xf]Og, a? of] t ;+;f/sf] lgdf{tf, lje]bsf] klg ;'?cft eof] . dfgj af6f]df nfUbf pgL c;kmn x'g k'u] .
hfltx? 5g\\ . a:tLdf rf}sLbf/L ug]{ k/Dk/fut k]zfsf b';fw, v]tLof]Uo ;h{s, j}1flgs tyf >lds ;d'bfo ;dfhsf] k|f/lDes ;d"x kl/jf/ xf] . j0f{ J oj:yfdf cfwfl/t /x] /
xf] . / rf/, of] ;d'bfo PSn}n] cnu– To;kl5 uf]q-s'n_, sljnf, k|hflt k|f/Dedf z"b,| c5"t x'bF } xfn cfP/
e"ldsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ d';x/ hf] ;]jf / pTkfbgsfo{;uF ;DalGwt 5g\\ . To:t}, cnu eP/ of] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'bF g} . -hghflt_ x'Fb} hfltsf] ljsf; ePsf] blnt ;d' b fosf] ?kdf kl/lrt
o;sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t hflt, xf] . :tflngsf cg';f/, hflt eg]sf] P]ltxfl;s ;j{xf/f ju{sf] k"0f{ d'lQm
8f]d, xnvf]/, Rofd], kf]8h] :tf hft 5g\\ hf] d"ntM ;]jf If]qsf cfa4 x'g\ . hghflt / >lds ;d'bfo gofF tl/sfn] Pp6f ;femf efiff, Onfsf, cfly{s j0f{Joj:yfdf cfwfl/t hftJoj:yfsf]
Pstfa4 eP/ cl3 a9\g cfjZos hLjg / ;femf ;+:s[ltdf cleJoQm pGd"ng / cTolws lghL ;DklQ
;f/df eGg' kbf{ blnt ;d'bfo eg]sf j}1flgs, k|fljlws, :jf:Yo k|fljlws, 5 . t;y{, o; ;d'bfonfO{{ æ>lds x'g] dgf]j}1flgs :j?ksf] cfwf/df s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cGTo / ;d'bfo jf
cf}ifwL zf:qL cflb x'g\ . o; cy{df eGg'kbf{ j0f{Joj:yfdf cfwfl/t lxGb' ;d'bfoÆ eGg' pko'Qm b]lvG5 . lgld{t Ps P]ltxfl;s?kn] :yflkt /fHosf] ;fd"lxs ;DklQsf] lgdf{0f;Fu
ju{ / hfltsf] ljsf; / l:y/ hg–hg;d'bfo xf] . ;dfh ;DalGwt 5 . /fHoJoj:yf kl/jt{g,
;dfhsf jf:tljs ax';V+ os >lds eg]sf z'b| / blnt x'g . pko'Q{ m of] ;+;f/df klxnf ju{sf] hGd ljsf;sf] k|lqmof lgoldt k|lqmof xf] . cfly{s k|0ffnL kl/jt{g ;lxtsf]
eof] ls hfltsf] eGg] ;Gbe{df ljrf/ of] k|fs[lts / j}1flgs 9Ën] cl3 ;d[ l 4;F u } ;fdflhs–;f+ : s[ l ts
s'/faf6 of] lgZsif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 ls of] ;d'bfo ;dfhsf] ;a}eGbf ubf{ klxnf ju{ s f] hGd ePsf] a9\5 . hxfF ;dfh ljsf;sf] k|lqmof ?kfGt/0f, cGt/3'ng / lje]b pGd"ng
uf}/jzfnL >lds dfgj ;d'bfo xf] . b] l vG5 . rf/ o' u x? cflbd
;fDojfb, bf; o'u, ;fdGtL o'u /
:jefljs tl/sfn] cfkm\g} lgoddf
cl3 a9\of] ToxfF ;dfh / /fi6«/fHon]
g} of] ;d:ofsf] ;xL ;dfwfg xf] .
;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts ?kfG/0fsf] ljifo
/ ef/tdf klg o;af/] nfdf] clxn] tLg sf]0faf6 blnt zAb ;S5 . h'g klxnf 7Ls lyPg, clxn] k'FhLjfbsf] rrf{ ug]{ xf] eg] cflbd ljsf; u¥of], s'g} lsl;dsf] ;fdflhs tLgj6f k|lqmofaf6 cl3 a9fpg'
;dob]lv ax; rln/x]sf] Oltxf; x6fpg] s'/f pl7/x]sf] 5 . Ps, l7s x' g ;S5 . blnt zAb s' g } ;fDojfbdf s'g} ju{, hflt, wgL / lje]b ePg . t/, hxfF :jefljs kb{5 . klxnf], of] ;d'bfo y/ / uf]qdf
5 . of] ;Ë7gsf] gfd /fVbf blnt gsf/fTds sf]0faf6 h;n] blnt ;dodf 7Ls lyof] t/ cfhsf] u/La eGg] lyPg . ;fgf] / 7"nf] eGg] ;dfhljsf;sf] lgod ljkl/t s]xL kmls{g' kb{5, bf]>f], kxf8 cGt/ut
zAbsf] cy{, dxTj / 3gTjaf/] :ki6 Pstf efF8g\ ] dg;fo;lxt of] zAb ;dodf o;n] blntsf] Pp6f kf6f]nfO{{ lyPg / :jefljs?kdf lje] b , 6f7f–af7f, a;Lvfg] zf]ifs–;fdGt v;–cfo{;uF , dw];sf ci6«f–] b|lj8;Fu
x'g h?/L 5 . blnt zAbsf] klxnf] x6fpg] / blnt ;d'bfonfO{{ zlQmxLg dfq ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 . of] ;d'bfo c;dfgtf, pTkL8g / 5'jf5"t klg / zf;sju{n] lgxLt :jfy{ / ;gsdf / g]jfMleq cGt/3'lnt x'g' kb{5 .
k6s ef/t dxf/fi6«sf ;dfh ;'wf/s agfpg rfxG5 . b' O { , 1fgsf] pTkLl8t / c;+ u l7t /x] s f] lyPg . dfgj;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] cs}{ lgod / Joj:yf lgdf{0f u/] ToxfF t/, cGt/3'lnt v;–cfo{, ci6«f–] b|lj8
Hof]ltaf km'n]n] u/]sf] dflgG5 . sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f . pgLx? cfk"mn] cj:yfdf blnt ;d'bfosf] pTkL8gsf] qmddf klxnf lghL ;DklQsf] uTofj/f]w, czflGt, åGå / lje]b k}bf / g]jfMnufot cGo hghflt klg k'/fg}
g]kfndf lj;= @)@$ ;fndf g]kfndf cfkm+}nfO{{ lsg blnt eGg], blnt kf6f]nfO{{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;Gbe{df …blntÚ z'?jft;Fu} ;dfhdf ju{ / lghL eof] . slyt z"b| / c5"t lgdf{0fsf] klxrfg / cl:tTjdf ;bf;j{bf /xg'
klxnf]k6s blnt gfdg} pNn]v u/]/ elg/xFbf;Dd t blnt cj:yf /lx/xg] kbfjnL ;xL / ;fGble{s lyof] . t/, ;DklQsf] /Iffsf] nflu juL{ o k[i7e"ld / k|lqmof klg o:t} 5 . of] k|sl[ t, dfgj ;dfh ljsf;sf] lgod
g]kfn /fli6«o blnt hgljsf; kl/ifb\ eof] eGg] ;f]R5g\\ . / tLg, s'g} klg cfh of] ;d'bfosf] kl/efiff cln /fHo;Qfsf] :yfkgf ul/of] / ;dfhdf dfgj ;dfh ljsf;sf] :jefljs / ljkl/t x'G5 . ;fd"lxstfdf lg/Gt/
u7g ePsf] lyof] . slyt c5't j:t' jf zAb ;dofg'sn " km]l/G5 / km/flsnf] 9Ën] ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . zf;s / zflift, zf]ifs / zf]lift, k|fs[lts lgod cg';f/ ePsf] 5}g\ . ultzLn / ?kfGt/0f eO/xg' g} s'g}
;d'bfos} ;femf kl/rosf ?kdf km]l/g'k5{ eGg] b[li6sf]0f . clxn];Dd blnt ;d'bfo pTkLl8t t xf] g} a;Lvfg] / sfdu/L vfg] ju{ aGg of] s]xL dflg;x?sf] sNkgf, ;gs / klg j:t', ;dfh / lj1fgsf] lgod
blnt zAb k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . j0f{Joj:yfcGtu{t hftk|yf leq o;sf ;fy} o;sf] cs}{ uf}/jdo / k'Uof] . ;Qf;+3if{sf] qmddf zf]ifs / :jfy{df kl5 yf]kl/Psf] xf] . xf] . t;y{, ;a} hflt k'/fgf] klxrfg
ef/tdf slyt klxnf tNnf] hft jf ;a}eGbf lkFwdf kfl/Psf] juL{o?kdf P]ltxfl;s kl/ro, klxrfg / cy{ a;Lvfg] ju{n] cfkm\gf] zlQm, lghL 5' j f5" t / lje] b af6 d' l Qmsf] / cl:tTjaf6 dfly p7] / gofF
c5"t egL ;Daf]wg ul/g] blnt >dhLlj, ;f+:s[lts?kdf alxis[t / klg 5 . blntleqsf lj1fg k|ljlwdf ;DklQ, j}ej / n'6sf] :ju{ arfO{ ;jfn cGt/f{li6«o dfgj hfltdf ljsf; jf
;d'bfonfO{{ c+uh
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!(#) kZrft /fHon] ck|]:8 Snf;]h ;femf kl/rosf ?kdf blnt zAb rdf/, ;fsL{, bdfO{nufot j}1flgs ljleGg k| k ~r /r] / klxnf lxGb'wdL{o ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs ljs[lt cfwf/ >d x'g ;S5 . >d ug]x{ ?sf]
eGg] zAb k|of]u u/]sf] lyof], h;sf] k|of]u xFb' } cfPsf] zAb xf] . blnt s'g} k|fljlws 5g\\ . To;}u/L, ;+uLtsf j0f{ J oj:yfsf ;fy} hft–hfltdf xf] . of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu gofF dfgj hflt .
cy{ pTkLl8t ju{ eGg] x'G5 . 8f= Pp6f hft (caste) jf hflt If] q df sfd ug] { uGwj{ , jfbL, ljefhgsf ;fy} pFr–lgr, lje]b, xfdLn] ;dfh ljsf;sf] lgodnfO{{ -n]vs M >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{,
led/fj cDa]8s/n] c5"t, ck|]:8 (Nationality) geP/ tL bdfO{nufot ;h{s hfltx? 5g\\ . 5'jf5"th:tf lje]bsf/L gLlt lgdf{0f ;dfTg' k5{ . of] kl5 ;dfh ljsf;sf] g]kfnsf] cWoIf x'g\_
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
bnfn=====
la/f]wLx?sf] 3]/fdf km;]sf] atfpb}
PsLs[t hgqmflGt h's;'s} d"Nodf k"/f
ul/5f8\g] b[9tf JoQm u/] .
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnjsf] k|dv ' g]tf eP So"af, pQ/sf]l/of aGg
cfltYodf ;'? ePsf] o'jf ;+u7g
g]kfnsf] rf}yf] k"0f{ a}7sdf g]skfsf
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g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pjd ;+u7gsf
ˆo|fS;g OGrfh{ s[lt, g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o Pjd\ wflbª–sf7df8f}F lhNnf
OGrfh{ dfOnf nfdf, g]skf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o Pjd eQmk'/ lhNnf OGrfh{
cf:yf, g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'zLnsf]
cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf kf6g h+unLsf] cWoIftfdf
a;]sf] a}7ssf] ;+rfng ;+u7gsf
dxf;lrj lab';Ln] u/]sL lyOg\
kf6L{=====
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] eg]– …;'bz{g
/ s~rgx?n] ?kdf x]bf{ qmflGtsf]
s'/f u/]sf] eP klg ;f/df g]kfnL
qmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf PsLs[t qmflGtnfO{{
a'‰g / cfTd;ft ug{ g;s]kl5
cnlUuPsf] / pgLx?n] h'g lg0f{o
lnP, of] s'g} klg ?kdf qmflGtnfO{{
kmfObf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] xf]Og,
pgLx?n] u/]sf] lg0f{on] sf]xL pT;flxt
klg 5}gg, a? Odfgbf/ qmflGtsf/L
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qmflGtsf] ofqfnfO{{ s]Gb|df /fv]/
cufl8 a9\ 5 f} , b] z , hgtf /
qmflGteGbf c? s'g} klg s'/f ;f]Rg
klg ;Sb}gf}F . k|r08x?n] wf]sf lbPsf]
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cf:yfn] k|lzIf0f dGtAo /fv]sf lyP
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o;}u/L, pQm sfo{qmddf PsLs[t
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lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ljhon] cWoIftfdf
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gljg lai6n] u/]sf lyP eg] :jfut
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nflu lrGtf ug'{k5{ . t/, cfh b]z
>Ln+sf aGb} 5 eGg] tYo Psn]
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k|Zg p7]sf] b]lvG5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og
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E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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k|wfgdGqLdf hfg ca t emg\ dfGb}gg\
lsgls :jtGqx?sf] nx/ cfPsf] 5 .
To;sf/0f b]zdf uDeL/ /fhgLlts
/ cfly{s ;+s6 cfPsf] 5 . o;sf]
pkrf/df lanDa jf cfgfsfgL eP
lglZrt 5 b]z b'3{6gfdf hfG5 .
u0ftGqdf Pp6f ;'gf}nf] cj;/ lyof]
g] t fx?nfO{ { , Tof] xf] /fhgLlts
ljrf/wf/fcg';f/ cfbz{sf] ljsf;
ug]{ . cfh k|r08sf] 3d08 x'G5 M
d}n] kmnfgf] kmnfgf]nfO{{ k|wfgdGqL
agfPF . hgo'4df ljsf; u/]sf]
cfb{ z nfO{ { clxn] ; Dd vfF b } 5 g\ .
hgtfn] elg/x]s} 5g\ M hgo'4
wgo'4df kl/0ft eof] . dnfO{{ nfU5,
g]tfx?n] lxDdt ug]{ xf] eg] cem}
klg of] cf/f]knfO{{ sdhf]/ agfpg]
;Defjgf d/]sf] 5}g . t/, o:tf]
OR5fzlQm / dgf]an s;}df 5}g .
;Qf / zlQmsf] cf8df gjwgf9\o
ju{df cflwkTo hGdfpg] xf]8afhLdf
xfdLn] cfkm\gf] cl:tTj d]6fPsf 5f}+ .
$= k|ToIf lgjf{lrt /fi6«ktLo
k|0ffnL M /fhgLlts l:y/tfsf nflu
klg d' n ' s nfO{ { k| T oIf lgjf{ l rt
/fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL cfjZos 5 .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ M dflkmofnfO{{ ‘sfnf]df];f]’ hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{{ ‘ljBfno’
x]dGtk|sfz jnL
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{lgs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_n] Ps
ljs6 a:tLdf cfwf/e"t ljBfnosf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd cj:yfdf k'us ] f]
hgfPsf] 5 . qmflGtsf/Låf/f dsjfgk'/
/ wflbªsf] l;dfgf l:yt a]lg3f6 /f]/fª
ufFpkflnsf j8f g= ! / @ sf] l;dfgfdf
kg]{ r]kfª–tfdfª a:tL Rofqfdf
klxnf]k6s ljBfno lgdf{0f x'bf ToxfFsf
ljBfyL{ / cleefjsdf v'l;ofnL 5fPsf]
5 . /fHosf] u}/sfg'gL k|ltaGwdf
g]skfsf dxf;lrj ljKnj s]xL lbg
ToxL r]kfª–tfdfª a:tLdf a;]sf lyP .
ToxfF a:bf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] pQm
;d' b fodf ljBfnosf] tTsfn
cfjZostf /x]sf] / lgdf{0f ;DefJotf
cWoogsf nflu eft[;u+ 7g clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ nfO{{ kxn ug{ lgb]z { g klg
lbPsf] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo
pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ljZjsdf{n] hfgsf/L
lbPsf x'g\ . pQm :yfgdf r]kfË /
tfdfË ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; /xb} cfPsf]
5 . ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf sf/0f ToxfFsf
sl/j %@ hgf ljBfno hfg] pd]/sf
afnaflnsfn] ljBfnosf] cg'xf/ klg
b]Vg kfPsf 5}gg\ . pQm ljBfnonfO{{
sf7df8f}s F f] sn+sL l:yt Pn cf/ cfO{
:s'n nufot cGo s]xL :s'n / pQm
:s'nsf ljBfyL{åf/f clvn-qmflGtsf/L_sf]
;+of]hgdf ljBfnonfO{{ cfjZos kg]{
;fdfu|L ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ .Ú
g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ /fhgLlts If]qdf
P]ltxfl;s sfd / kxn clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ n] u/]sf] / cfufdL lbgdf
b]zsf y'k}| 7fpFdf ljleGg ;d:ofsf
sf/0f k9\gaf6 alGrt sf]xL klg
afnaflnsf x'gx' bF ' g} / To;sf] cg'udg,
cg';Gwfg / kxn xfd|f] ;+u7gn] ug]5 { ,
;+u7gsf Ps g]tfn] eg] .Úpgn] yk
cl3 eg]– …b]ze} l/sf k9\gaf6 alGrt
ePsf tdfd afnaflnsfsf]
cleefjsTj xfdL / xfd|f] ;+u7g clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ n] lng]5 To;sf nflu
clxn]sf] bnfn k'hLjfbL ;+;lbo
Aoj:yfsf] ljsNk a}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
:yfkgf clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] .Ú
Rofqf tfdfª ufpF hxfFsf sl/j
%@ hgf afnaflnsfx?n] ljBfnosf]
cg'xf/ b]vs ] f 5}gg\ ToxL a:tLdf
;+u7gn] s]xL ;docl3 cfwf/e"t
laBfnosf] lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{{ cufl8
a9fPsf] / yk Aoal:yt agfpg
Aoa:yfkg ;ldltdfkm{t ? !,)))))
-Ps nfv_ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ;+u7gsf
s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ljZjsdf{n]
atfP . cfly{ s ;xof] u sf ;fy}
hg>dbfgaf6 lgdf{0fflwg Rofqf gd'gf
ljBfno dsjfgk'/sf] pb\3f6g s]xL
lbgdf ul/g] ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 .
nfdf] Oltxf;, Tofu, ;dk{0f /
alnbfgsf] ufyf af]ss ] f] ;+u7g clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_n] z} l Ifs las[ t L,
la;+utL, /fli6«otf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf
kIfdf ;+3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] / cfk"mnfO{{
;8s af3sf] ?kdf pEofpFb} cfO/x]sf]
5 . dfn]dfjfbL larf/åf/f k|Hjlnt
;+u7gn] sDo'lg:6x? Wj+; dfq} ub}g{ g\
lgdf{0fsf of]4fx? klg x'g eGg] ;Gb]z
Rofqf cfwf/e"t ljBfnon] lgdf{0f u/]/
lbPsf] 5 .
k| r 08–afa' / fdx? ;+ ; bLo
Joj:yfdf ktg ePkl5 dfcf]jfbL
;+;bnfO{{ ;/sf/ agfpg] clwsf/
lbg' x'Fb}g . ;+3Lotfsf] vf/]hL csf]{
cfjZostf ag] s f] 5 . s] G b| /
:yfgLo ;/sf/ g} b]zsf nflu ;xL
k|0ffnL x'G5 . e|i6frf/sf] cGTosf
nflu lgikIf / clwsf/ ;DkGg
cfof]u agfpg' k5{ . To;sf/0f b]zdf
Pp6f ;' w f/fTds k' g hf{ u /0fsf]
cleofg rnfpg' kb{5 . cfTdlge{/
/fli6« o cy{ t Gqsf] ljsf; clg
k~rzLndf cfwfl/t :jtGq k//fi6«
gLltnfO{{ yk ;'b9[ / ljsf; ug'k{ 5{ .
To;sf/0f hgtfnfO{{ km]l/ Ps k6s
k'ghf{u/0fsf] lbzfdf n}hfg' cfjZos
5 . a[xt /fli6«o Pstfsf] dfWodaf6
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cGTo, cbfnt /
sd{rf/L ;+oGqsf km]/abn clg k|ToIf
lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/L /fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL
cfhsf tTsflng cfjZostf x'g\ .
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM %!&@^%%
larf/wf/f af]Sg] ;+u7gx? klg ljleGg
lsQfdf pleg yfn] . tTsfnLg k|r08
g] t [ T jaf6 lab| f ] x ub} { clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ a}wsf] g]tT[ jdf x'bF } clxn]
ljKnj g]tT[ jsf] g]skf lgs6 x'g k'us ] f]
5 . laBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{{ k'gu{7g ub}{
;+u7gn] tdfd vfnsf z}lIfs las[tL,
la;+utL, /fli6«otf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf
/ lzIff If]qsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf nflu
k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g u/L
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yf
:yfkgfsf] nIo lnPsf] 5 . k'gu{7gb]lv
g} z}lIfsnufot ;a} If]qsf dflkmoflj?4
cfqmfds ag]sf] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_n]
s'g–s'g ;dodf s] s] u¥of] <
!_ @)&# k'; * ut] M clVtof/
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf lgnlDat
k|dv' nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{dfly ;jf]R{ r
cbfntleq} sfnf]df];f] blnof] . @)&#
df3 @^ ut] M ;+u7gåf/f bfª l:yt
klZrd ld8 j]:6 kf]OG6 Ps]8d] Lsf
lk|lG;kn jL/axfb'/ 3tL{nfO{{ ;f]xL
ljBfnodf cWoog/t 5fqfdfly
b'Jo{xf/sf] cf/f]kdf sfnf]df];f] bn]/
hgsf/afxL ul/Psf] .
@_@)&$ df3 @@ut] M
gf/fo0fu9df /x]sf] afns'df/L pRr
dflasf k|=c= gf/fo0f axfb'/ yfkfnfO{
laBfyL{;u+ rsf]{ z'Ns c;'nL u/]sf],
ef}lts lgdf{0fdf r/d nfk/afxL,
sd{rf/L lzIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ cfly{s
rnv]n u/]sf] nufotsf cf/f]kdf
sfnf]df];f] blnof] .
#_@)&$ df3 @& M ;+u7g /fKtL
Jo'/f]åf/f bfªsf] sf]Onfaf; l;dfgfdf
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f ufl8of] .
$_@)&$ kmfu'g @) M ;+u7gsf
lu/ˆtf/ g]tf–sfo{stf{ l/xfOsf] dfu
ub}{ ul/Psf] cfdz}lIfs x8\tfnsf]
pNn+3g u/]sf] eGb} ;nf{xLsf] xl/ag
gu/kflnsf ( l:yt tb'g lzIff
dflasf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf cfuhgL
ul/of] .
%_@)&$ r}q ! M ;+u7gn] bfªsf]
3f]/fxLdf @! cf} P]ltxfl;s /fli6«o
;Dd]ng ;DkGg u¥of] . lr/~hLjL
9sfnsf] cWoIftfdf %( ;b:oLo
sfo{;ldlt lgjf{lrt u¥of] .
^_@)&% h]7 ! ut] M xhf/f}+
laBfyL{sf] ;xefuLtfdf sf7df8f}+ F %$cf}
laBfyL{ lbj; eJo ?kn] dgfOof] .
;+u7gn] wdfwd lhNnf ;Dd]ngx?
;DkGg u¥of] . ;+3if{nfO{{ k]lrnf] agfpFb}
ubf{ ;of}+ g]tf–sfo{stf{x? lu/ˆtf/ /
l/xfOsf] k|lqmof rln/Xof] .
&_@)&% k'; !# M ;lxb s[i0f;]g
OR5's :d[lt ax'k|flalws lzIffno
af9Lklx/f]af6 hf]lug
ØhyfefjL ;8s lgdf{0f / jg ljgfzn] af9Lklx/f] lgDTofpF5 .
Øj[Iff/f]k0f u/f},+ jgh+un hf]ufcf},+ af9Lklx/f] lgoGq0f u/f}+ .
Øklx/f]sf] hf]lvd ePsf If]q tyf gbL lsgf/df ?v, afF;,
lgufnf]h:tf e"–Ifo /f]Sg] vfnsf lj?jf /f]kf}+ / ;+/If0f u/f}+ .
Øcfˆgf] a:tL tyf ;d'bfosf] /Iff u/f}+ .
Øaf9L tyf klx/f] uPsf] ;"rgf tNnf] t6Lo If]qdf lbcf}+ .
cfk"m klg arf}+ c?nfO{ klg arfcf}+ .
lj1fkg af]8{
@)&( ;fn ;fpg ! ut] cfOtaf/
bfªsf laBfyL{ ;jf/ a; b'3{6gfdf
k/L d[To' x'g]sf] ;Demgfdf lbk
k|Hjng;lxt zf]s;ef bfªdf ;DkGg
ul/of] .
*_@)&% df3 @$ M Pg;]nsf]
s/5nL / ;+u7gsf tTsfnLg sf]iffWoIf
g/]Gb| lassf] l/xfOsf] dfu ub}{ b]zJofkL
cfd z}lIfs x8\tfnsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .
(_@)&% kmfu'g @* M tTsfnLg
s] k L jnL g] t [ T jsf] ;/sf/åf/f
g]skfdfly k|ltaGw nufOPsf] . ;fy}
;+u7gsf ultljlwdfly klg /fHon]
k|ltaGw nufPsf] .
!)_ @)&^ c;f/ #) M ;+u7gsf]
;Nofg lhNnf ;ldtLåf/f lhNnfdf
…gf] 6\ofS;, gf] Pg;]nÚ cleofg
;+rfng ul/of] .
!!_ @)&^ >fj0f & M ;+u7gn]
sDo'lg:6 laBfyL{ cleofg–@ sf]
pb\3f6g u¥of] . ;fy} pb\3f6gsf]
cj;/df b]ze/ /Qmbfg, PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf dxfg\ ;lxb k|Hjnsf]
:d[ltdf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ul/of] .
!@_@)&^ >fj0f !@ M b]ze/
z}lIfs dflkmofaf6 ;+rflnt :s'n /
sn]hx?df sfnf] Aofg/ 6fl;of] .
@)&^ d+l;/ !@ M /fli6«otfsf]
kIfdf k|bz{gsf] qmddf tTsfnLg
;+u7g bfª lhNnf cWoIf Pjd /fKtL
If]qLo ;Djgo ;ldtL ;b:o clgn
s];L;lxt ;+u7gsf tTsfnLg lhNnf
;lrj v'dg kf}8n ] nfO{{ k|x/L k|zf;gn]
lu/m:ˆtf/ u/]sf] .
!#_@)&^ kmfu' g ! M k| x /L
k|zf;gåf/f ;+u7gsf tTsfnLg s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf lr/~hLjL 9sfnnfO{{ lu/ˆtf/
ul/of] . o;aLrdf ;+u7gn] l/xfO ug{
;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? ;fj{hlgs u¥of] .
;fy} sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L;DaGwL hgr]tgf
/ /f]syfdsf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u,
;d'bfo lzIff sfo{qmdnufot ;a}
k|sf/sf hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx?sf]
cfof]hgf ul/of] .
!$_@)&& a}zfv @* M lnk'ns ] ,
sfnfkfgL If]q ldrL ef/tn] ;8s
lgdf{0f u/]/ /fli6«otfdfly x:tIf]k u/]sf]
eGb} ;+u7gåf/f % lbg] ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd
3f]if0ff ul/of] . ;fy} /fli6«otfdfly
x:tIf]k lj?4 ;+u7gn] g]kfn ef/t
l;dfgfdf sf8]tf/ ;d]t nufof] .
sf]/f]gf dfxfdf/Lsf] ;dodf
ljBfnosf] dgf]dfgL z'Ns lj?4
;+u7gn] b]zJofkL Wofgfsif{0f u/fpb}
;+3if{ cl3 a9fof] . ;+u7gn] ljleGg
;dodf ljleGg If]qdf hg>dbfg
;d]t u¥of] .
g] k fn ;/sf/
!%_@)&& d+l;/ * M hah{:tL
z'Ns c;'n u/]sf], k|x/L nufP/ laBfyL{
/ cleefjsnfO{{ lu/ˆtf/ ug],{ k};f
ltg{ g;Sg] laBfyL{ / cleefjsnfO{{
sn]hsf] u]6df k|x/L t}gfy u/]/
sn]hleq l5g{ glbg], k|jz ] kq glbg]
h:tf lgs[:6 xs{t u/]sfn] sf7df8f}s +F f]
a;'Gwf/f l:yt df]u{g sn]hdfly
;f+sl] ts sfjf{xL ul/Psf] .
!^_ @)&& r}q !% M sf7df8f}+F
6f] v f l:yt n8{ a ' 4 sn] h df
ns8fpgdf gk9fPsf] z'Ns c;'nL
u/]sfn] sfjf{xL ul/Psf] .
!&_ @)&* c;f/ #! M u|LgNof08
l:yt laBfs'Gh ;]sG] 8/L :s'n sfnf]
Aofg/ 6f;] / ;f+ s ] l ts sfjf{ x L
ul/Psf] .
!*_ @)&* d+l;/ ( M hfh/sf]6
gu/kflnsf–! l:yt la/]Gb| lxdfno
dflasf k| = c= rGb| a xfb' / s] ; L
ljBfnodf e|i6frf/ / JolytLdf lnKt
ePsfn] sfnf]df];f] bn]/ hgsf/afxL
ul/Psf] .
!(_@)&* ebf} % M sf7df8f}+F
rfjlxn l:yt kz' k lt ax' d ' v L
SofDk;sf tTsfnLg k|=c= lji0f'k; | fb
kGtnfO{{ nfvf}+ /sd 3f]6fnf u/L
SofDk;nfO{{ w/fzoL agfPsf] cf/f]kdf
sfnf]df];f] bn]/ hgsf/afxL ul/Psf] .
@)_s] P d;L, gf] a ] n ,
dl0fkfnnufot d]l8sn dflkmoflj?4
lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ u/]sf] .
@!_ @)&* k'; #) M s]Pd;L /
gf]an ] d]l8sn sn]hsf ;+rfns 8f=
z' l gn zdf{ n fO{ ;+ o ' Q m laBfyL{
;+u7gåf/f d]l8sn sn]hdf dgf]dfgL
z'Ns lnPsf] lj?4 l;+xb/af/leq}
sfnf]df];f] bn]/ hgsf/afxL ul/Psf] .
@@_ @)&* df3 ( M aemfª
lr/lay8L ufpFkflnsf–* sf j8f
cWoIf hoaxfb'/ dNn, j8f ;lrj
bQ/fd cj:yLn] s/f]8f}+ e|i6frf/
u/]sfn] sfnf]df];f] ;lxt h'Qfsf] dfnf
nufP/ hgsf/afxL ul/Psf] .
@#_@)&( h]7 !^ M dsjfgk'/ /
wflbªsf] l;dfgfdf /x]sf] Rofqf tfdfª
a:tLdf /x]sf] Rofqf gd'gf cfwf/e"t
ljBfno lgdf{0f ;'? u/L lgdf{0ffwLg
cj:yfdf /x] s f] / s] x L lbgdf
cf}krfl/s 9+un] x:tfGt/0f ul/g]
;+u7gåf/f hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] .
@$_@)&( c;f/ !& M
kf7\ok':tssf] r/d s[lqd cefj /
e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf hgs lzIff
;fdu|L s]Gb|sf k|aGw lgb]z { s clgn
s'df/ emfnfO{ sfo{Ifd} sfnf]df];f] bn]/
sf/jfxL ul/Psf] .