REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Water Refilling Station

One of the fastest expanding businesses in most Metro cities nationwide is the water
refilling station. Many people prefer to get drinking water from the water refilling station, and it
is just clean and safe.
According to Magtibay (2021), Over the years, as the demand for cleaner water becomes
higher, the price of household water purifiers and bottled water has become prohibitive. Water
refilling stations managed by private entrepreneurs offer a cheaper and more convenient solution
to the public’s drinking water needs than bottled water or the use of household filters. The author
discusses that their source of raw water, most water refilling stations in Metro Manila are
connected to the pipes of two concessionaires: Maynilad Water Company or Manila Water
Company, while others use private deep wells. The "potable water" supplied by the providers is
then purified further by a combination of water treatment equipment, including sediment
filters, carbon filters, water softeners, reverse osmosis membranes, ultraviolet lamps, and
ozone generators. Water refilling stations typically produce 3,000 to 12,000 liters of purified
water per day. Previously, most people would bring a container to a water refilling station to
purchase purified water.
In the study of Sima, L. C., & Elimelech, M. (2013), Nearly eight hundred million
people lack access to improved water sources. Many more consume contaminated, unsafe
water from “improved” sources. Conventional approaches, including extensions of piped water
services and construction of deep tube-wells, have often failed to improve access to the most
vulnerable populations, such as those residing in urban slums and rural areas. Advances in
modular membrane-based treatment processes, coupled with operating models that rely on
for-profit decentralized drinking water treatment and delivery, offer a new approach that could
potentially increase access to improved drinking water in developing countries.
According Salillas (2017), most of the proprietors of Water Refilling Stations (WRS)
perform their own inspections and monitoring of product water monitoring is done manually
using Total Solids Dissolved (TDS). However, the method is time consuming as a result, the goal
of this research was to create a device that could monitor the water the standard of water
refilling stations It also aimed to automate the manual processes monitoring of the product
water operation.
Macatangay, A.P. (2015) reported that most of the Purified Water Business in Batangas City
were solely owned and has been operating ranging from 1-5 years, having an initial investment of Php
750,001 and above, majority of the customers were from the households, and the estimated monthly
income of the business is Php 40,000 above.
In the study of Viola (2019) A water refilling business is one of the most popular ventures for those with
little experience as an entrepreneur because it is simple to operate and has a steady demand
(businesscoachphil.com, n.d.) With the growing competition, these water refilling stations must pay
attention on their marketing strategies since customers are influenced with the promotion, price, and
their product offering. The author found out that most of the water refilling stations used similar
marketing strategies. The lack of budget hindered the water refilling stations for having good marketing
strategies. Meanwhile, customers are satisfied with the product offering and pricing except to the
promotional activities of the water refilling stations.

In the study of Piones et al. (2020) in business, like a water refilling station, accurate information
is a must because water is necessary, and a diverse client's need is to be expected. Without precise
information, more operational costs, time, and work will be wasted. The author report that the company
is been sticking to the traditional system, the manual one, in operating the business. But with this
proposed development plan, authors have seen the potential of significant improvement for their
organization performance and will robust their profit.
 Catherine, L. D. R. (2016). The formulation of WSPs among WRS ensures delivery of
safe drinking-water among its consumers. It serves as an initial step in realizing the vision of
DOH of institutionalizing WSPs among all water utilities in the country. Therefore, the
guidelines developed will be a useful tool for other WRS in the country for preparing their own
WSPs.

(Bucao, S. D. C., Carreon, A. B. G., Lauengco, T. J. D., & Young, M. N., 2020)

Over the years, the demand for water refilling station has increased. To cope with the
increasing demand, these small establishments need to become more efficient. This
study aims at providing water refilling stations an inventory management system to
allow owners to monitor their items regularly. A detailed interview was conducted to
gather the necessary data needed to create the new inventory system by utilizing
information system tools. Information system is a software which will help organize and
analyze the data by turning raw data into useful information.

A Study on Water Refilling Station

Water Refilling Station: an alternative source of drinking water supply in the Philippines by
B. B. Magtibay
The demand at the water refilling stations – water stores that sell purified water – is now
increasing. The quality of purified water conforms with the national standards for drinking
water and is even better than the quality of water produced by traditional water supply
systems in terms of removed impurities.
Over the years, as the demand for cleaner water becomes higher, the price of household
water purifiers and bottled water has become prohibitive. Water refilling stations managed
by private entrepreneurs offer a cheaper and more convenient solution to the public’s
drinking water needs than bottled water or the use of household filters.
At present, about 3,000 water refilling stations have proliferated nationwide. They sell
purified water of comparable quality with bottled water at a lower price. For example, the
current price per gallon of refilled purified water in Metro Manila ranges from P 50 to P
120 per 5-gallon container or about P 2.50 to P 6.00 per liter while the bottled water is
sold at P 12.00 to P 25.00 per liter. Household filters, on the other hand, cost P 5,000 to P
25,000 per unit ( 1 US $ = P 56 in 2004).
 REFERENCES
http://uruae.org/siteadmin/upload/AE0917116.pdf
https://businessdiary.com.ph/835/water-refilling-station-study
Bucao, S. D. C., Carreon, A. B. G., Lauengco, T. J. D., & Young, M. N. (2020, April).
Designing a Computer Based Inventory System of Crystal Clear Water Refilling Station:
A Case Study. In 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and
Applications (ICIEA) (pp. 625-629). IEEE.

Pilones, D. G., Decasa Jr, J. P., De Vera, V. E., & Alejandrino, J. C. INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR WATER ZIP PURIFIED DRINKING WATER.

Virola, R. Marketing Strategies of Selected Water Refilling Stations in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Catherine, L. D. R. (2016). Development of water safety plan models for water refilling stations in the
Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina, 166-169.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
325746711_Development_of_Water_Safety_Plan_Models_for_Water_Refilling_Station
s_in_the_Philippines
Molina, Victorio & Quizon, Romeo & Fadrilan-Camacho, V.F.F. & Reyes, Catherine & II,
Deauna, & Agosto, Hygeia & Asuncion, P.J.V. & Dios, Joselito & Anarna, Maria &
Magtibay, Bonifacio. (2016). Development of Water Safety Plan Models for Water
Refilling Stations in the Philippines. Acta medica Philippina. 50. 166-169.
10.47895/amp.v50i3.817.
Sima, L. C., & Elimelech, M. (2013). More than a drop in the bucket: Decentralized membrane-based
drinking water refill stations in Southeast Asia.

Macatangay, A. P., Bautista, E. A., Arlene Sarah, B., Francisco, A. R. P., Sarmiento, S. M. G., Buenviaje,
M. G., & An, I. L. (2015). Operational performance of purified water business in Batangas City,
Philippines: basis of enhanced business operation initiatives. Asia Pacific Journal of Academic Research
in Business Administration, 1(1), 11-19.

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