DEMARCATION OF AN AIRPORT
where the travelling public walks outside to the
ICAO Annex 17 as Standard 4.2.1
-Each Contract state shall ensure that the access
to airside areas at airports serving civil aviation
is controlled in order to prevent unauthorized
entry.
-types of access control measures to be used to
prevent unauthorized entry to a controlled
area.
AREAS TO BE CONTROLLED
Requirement of ICAO Annex 17 as Standard
4.2.2
Each Contracting state shall ensure that security
restricted areas are established at each airport
serving civil aviation designated by the state
based upon security risk assessment carried out
by the relevant national authorities.
Landside – Commercial (Public Transpo) and
Private vehicle area. Has no formal security
classification, Facilities associated with
movement.
Terminal – has public and non-public area, all
building used by the public to park or wait,
check-in counters, pass through screening
checkpoints and security. Has security screening
checkpoints and is divided into public and
Sterile area. Public interface between landside
and airside.
Airside – Has security areas, movement area of
aircrafts. Air operations area. All areas
accessible to aircrafts like taxiways, runways,
ramps and parking.
ICAO defines airside as "the movement area of
an airport, adjacent terrain or buildings, or
portions thereof, access to which is controlled."
The secured area represents the highest level of
security protection, and the AOA the lowest
level. Usually, the travelling public is not
allowed access to the airside near the
commercial service aircraft except in instances
aircraft.
AIRSIDE DIVITION
Secured Area -Has the highest level of security
protection. Always SIDA but goes beyond SIDA
by requiring access control. Covers passenger
enplane and deplane areas, baggage loads and
sort areas.
Security Identification Display Area - Medium
level of security. Includes access to air carrier
administrative areas, fuel farms, and cargo
areas. Lacks and Does not require access
control.
Air Operations Area - Aircraft movement and
parking areas, loading ramps, and safety areas,
which may also include general aviation areas
and those areas near runways and taxiways.
Low safety standards
Security Restricted area - defined in Annex 17
as "those areas of the airside of an airport
which is identified as priority risk areas where in
addition to access control, other security
controls are applied.
Screening - Annex 17 as "The application of
technical or other means which are intended to
identify and detect weapons, explosives or
other dangerous devices, articles or substances
which may be used to commit an act of
unlawful interference." this means the use of x-
ray and metal detection equipment, possibly
augmented by other technical aids and used
together with hand-searches–to determine
whether or not prohibited items are present–
whether hidden in cargo consignments,
baggage, or indeed on persons themselves.
Tenant Restricted Areas – Facilities such as
catering, Cargo handling and Engineering
companies themselves are required to exercise
control over access into the SRA.
Sterile Areas - Sterile Area portion of an airport,
specified in the Airport Security Program that
provides passengers access to boarding aircraft
and to which access generally is controlled by
TSA, or by an aircraft operator under 49 CFR
1544 or a foreign air carrier under 49 CFR 1546,
through the screening of persons and property.
Zoning Systems
Clearance to staff and vehicles are only
provided based on their purpose and needs on
a certain part of the restricted area. Application
of permits are also required for access to
restricted areas and must be escorted and
surveyed by an authorized personnel. Keeping
the restricted areas manageable and numbered
are also part of the zoning system to allow an
ease on management.
Airport ID system issuing
A background check is required for the issuance
of airport ID. The background check can either
be approved or rejected based on the record of
the requestor. Training on the purpose, limits,
conditions and consequences for misusing the
ID must be conducted before the issuance.
Proper use and affixations with the ID should
always be observed to show a display or
emphasis to the designation, purpose and
identity of the personnel issued with the ID.
Access Control Technology
Access control technologies are the
technologies associated with physical security.
These technologies help security personnel to
perform screening and monitoring easily and
helps control areas from unauthorized entry.
Technologies such as Biometric systems,
Lighting systems, CCTV cameras and alarms are
examples of these technologies. It is also
important to remember that access control
technologies are not substitute to security
personnel but a complementary aid to their
task.
Zoning- This means that staff and vehicles
are only given clearance to enter certain
parts of restricted areas based on their need
to enter and the activities that they must
undertake. Routine - Vendors, contractors,
airport operations and maintenance
personnel, aircraft operator personnel, cargo
delivery vehicles, and just about any vehicle
that needs authorized access to the airfield to
conduct business all use routine operation
gates. These gates are typically electrically
operated, connected to Access Control and
Alarm Monitoring Systems, staffed with
security personnel, and may include
secondary barriers (in addition to the
primary sliding or swing-style security gate)
such as retractable bollards, drum barriers,
or cable barriers. Maintenance gates are
typically little used, often padlocked, and
used by airport and FAA personnel to
conduct maintenance activities on airfield
equipment, utilities, or grounds
maintenance. Emergency gates are for use
by on- and offairport emergency response
personnel. Remote control units within
Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)
trucks enable some gates to be operated
electrically. These gates should be on
frangible mounts to allow emergency
vehicles to crash through in the event of
rapid response to an aircraft accident or
incident. Emergency use gates are
sometimes padlocked or equipped with a
Knoxbox, which provides emergency rapid,
nondestructive entry for emergency
personnel. TYPES OF IDs Three different
documents can permit access to a restricted
area in an airport. These are: • A boarding
card issued by an airline to regulate
passenger access • A crew member emphasized that all personnel working in
certificate or company identification card to restricted areas at airports must display a
regulate crew access for crew members on valid ID at all times. The ID must be clearly
duty only. • An airport identification permit visible to all staff to enable them to easily
(ID), allowing staff access. The IDs come in challenge any person who may not have the
different forms. They can be a manual proper ID as well as to differentiate full-time
system, a fully automated access control permits from temporary permits and to
system, or a combination of the two (semi- readily identify the zones to which the
automated system). Access Control Security bearer has unrestricted access. Vehicle
Systems Biometric systems can recognize Permits Like, staff, vehicles need a permit to
various physical features which are unique enter restricted areas in the airport.
to an individual Lighting is an essential Temporary Permits visitors who require
feature in airport security systems. A access for a short duration, employees
guidance that can be found in Doc 8973, that awaiting their permanent permit who need
emphasized to provides the base for many access for a longer-term, and contractors.
other security measures to reveal, deterring All of these people will need to apply for
and blinding the intruders. Alarms or temporary permits and must be escorted by
Intruder Detection Systems (IDS) to help full-time permit holders. Their validity
detect intruders and alert security personnel should be limited to a maximum of 30 days.
Surveillance systems or CCTV systems to
provides a low-cost surveillance option that
is also a visual record of events
Communications to summon assistance and
coordinate the response to incidents or
breaches. ISSUING PROCEDURE
Background Checks -Background checks are
usually conducted for criminal records.
Training Prior to Issue of an Airport ID
Airport Authorities should conduct a short
training session before issuing new IDs •
The legislation that governs the issuance of
Airport ID and offenses under the Protected
Areas and Protected Places Act of the
country • Conditions under which
permission to enter restricted areas is
granted and zoning allocation policies •
Offenses for unauthorized possession, use,
retention, alteration, destruction, or transfer
of the ID to another person • The need to
display the ID at all times and the proper
location for display • The need for all
personnel (not just security staff) to be
vigilant and aware of suspicious incidents
and suspicious persons and action to take as
a result of such observations • Examples of
suspicious incidents. Display It must be