Lecture On

Basic Electrical Engineering

(EE-101), Unit-04 (Measuring Instruments)

Dr. Anil Kumar Yadav

Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
NIT Hamirpur (H.P.)
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Measuring Instruments: Introduction to Moving coil and
moving iron instruments, ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter,
energy meter, use of shunt and multiplier.

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 Permanent magnet moving Coil Instruments (PMMC)

1. Moving Coil

2. Magnet System

3. Control System

4. Damping System

5. Pointer and Scale

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Ammeter Shunts

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Multi-range Ammeters (using separate shunt)

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 Moving Iron Instruments
 A plate or vane of soft iron or of high
permeability steel forms the moving
element of the system.
 This iron vane is so situated that it can
move in a magnetic field produced by
a stationary coil.
 The coil is excited by the current or
voltage under measurement. When the
coil is excited, it becomes an
electromagnet and the iron vane
moves in such a way so as to increase
the flux of the electromagnet.
 This is because the vane tries to
occupy a position of minimum
reluctance.
 Thus the force (or torque) produced is
always in such a direction as to
increase the inductance of the coil (As
inductance increases as reluctance
decreases).

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Torque Equation

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Frequency Error:
It is clear from above that the ratio
of two currents depends upon
frequency.

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Advantages and Disadvantages

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Temperature error
Frequency error

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