MFM N
_GIEFCW@WFI

F. @ftf
@ftfrr Mg`
Mg`fa
fafi
fih
h
Lfbpfa efi ]umg``f bgrupfafi pgiyfant nidgasn bgiu`fr bg`f`un sf`urfi
sf`urf i

ifdfs yfih ensgmfmafi j`gc vnrus Lfbpfa efi ]umg``f (NEFN, =?68).
=?68). Mftua efi
 mgrsni efpft bgikfen kf`ur bfsuaiyf vnrus lfbpfa bfupui rumg``f (XCJ, =?68).
Hgkf`f lfbpfa builu` sgantfr 6? cfrn sgtg`fc nidgasn, efi rufb lja`ft
l ja`ft agbgrfcfi
builu` sgantfr 65 cfrn sgtg`fc nidgasn (BlHgg, =?6<). Hgkf`f pgiyfant lfbpfa 
enfitfrfiyf egbfb tnihhn, mgrlfa agbgrfcfi pfef au`nt (rfsc
( rfsc)) efpft ensgrtfn mftua 
efi ftfu pn`ga bfupui ajikuihtnvntns sgrtf efpft bgihfanmftafi agbftnfi fpfmn`f
tgrefpft ajbp`nafsn pgiygrtf sgpgrtn pigubjinf, enfrg, efi bginihntns (Entkgi _=_,
=?64).
=?64). ]umg``f
]umg``f tgrbfsua ef`fb pgiyfa
pgiyfant
nt rnihfi pfef fifa, tgtfpn efpft
bgbmgrnafi
bgbmgrnafi efbpfa
efbpfa murua
murua fpfmn`f
fpfmn`f tgrkfen pfef nmu cfbn`
cfbn` trnbgstgr
trnbgstgr pgrtfbf yfntu

aghuhurfi ftfupui aglflftfi pfef mfyn sgrnih ensgmut Ljihgintf` ]umg``f \yierjb
(L]\ ) sgpgrt
sgpgrtnn ag`fnifi kfituih
kfituih efi bftf, agtu`nfi efi agtgr`fbmftfi
agtgr`fbmftfi pgragbmfihfi
pgragbmfihfi
(Egpags ]N, =?68).
_giyfantt lfbpfa efi rumg``f efpft bgbmgrnafi efbpfa murua tgrcfefp
_giyfan
agsgcftfi fifa en Niejigsnf, sgcnihhf pgbgrnitfc bg`fasfifafi afbpfiyg vfasnifsn
B] (BB] TN\ - Niejigsnf, =?6=
=?6=).
). Tfasni B] ( Bgfs`gs ]umg``f) bgbmgrnafi
bfidfft sgpgrtn efpft bg`nieuihn fifa efrn aglflftfi efi agbftnfi fanmft ajbp`nafsn
 pigubjinf, enfrg, agrusfafi jtfa, agtu`nfi, agmutffi efi pgiyfant kfituih mfwffi
(Entkgi _=_, =?64). Ugrefpft 3< afsus pfstn L]\ pfef tfcui =?67-=?64 enfitfrfiyf

88% bgiegrntf ag`fnifi kfituih, 48,7% bgiegrntf aftfrfa efi 58% bgiegrntf
agtu`nfi (Entkgi _=_, =?64).

M. ]ubu
]ubusfi
sfi Bfsf`
Bfsf`fc
fc

Uukufi _giu`nsfi
 

MFM NN
@FIEF\FI UGJ]NUN\ _GI^FANU
6. Egdginsn

Lfbpfa fef`fc jrhfinsbg yfih sfihft bgiu`fr entu`frafi bg`f`un rutg

uefrf efrn sgsgjrfih yfih tgrnidgasn pfef jrfih `fni yfih rgitfi (\bg`tzgr, =?6<).
_giyfant lfbpfa fef`fc pgiyfant bgiu`fr egihfi hgkf`f agbgrfcfi mgrmgitua 
buaj`j pfpu`fr sg`fbf tnhf cfrn ftfu `gmnc yfih ensgrtfn pfifs <3 ?l ftf `gmnc efi
ensgrtfn sf`fc sftu hgkf`f mftua, pn`ga, efi bftf bgrfc (XCJ, =??>).
Bjrm
Bjrmn`
n`nn fe
fef`
f`fc
fc pg
pgiy
iyfa
fant
nt vnru
vnruss fa
faut
ut,, bgiu
bgiu`f
`frr yf
yfih
ih en
entf
tfie
iefn
fn eg
egih
ihfi
fi <
stfe
stfenu
nub,
b, yf
yfnt
ntu
u stfen
stfenub
ub pr
prje
jejr
jrbf
bf`` ( af
aftf
tfrf`
rf` ), stfe
stfenu
nub
b gr
grup
upsn
sn ef
efi
i stfe
stfenu
nub
b
ajivf`nsgis
ajivf`nsgisn,
n, yfih enbfindgstfsnafi
enbfindgstfsnafi egihfi
egihfi egbfb,
egbfb, ajikuihtn
ajikuihtnvntns
vntns efi mgrlfa 
ajp`na ( N`bu Agsgcftfi Fifa Gensn =, tc 6>>6. DAWN ).

Bjrmn`n fef`fc pgiyfant fifa bgiu`fr yfih `fznb mnfsfiyf entfiefn egihfi
hgkf`f-
hgkf`f-hgk
hgkf`f
f`f utfbf
utfbf rnihfi
rnihfi,, rufb
rufb sgrupf
sgrupf egihfi
egihfi lfbpfa
lfbpfa rnihfi
rnihfi ftfu egbfb,
egbfb,
slfr`gt, pgbmgsfrfi sgrtf iygrn `nbpf ifen ( N`bu Agsgcftfi Fifa vj` =, Ig`sji,
GHL, =?6?)
Lfbpfa ensgm
gmu
ut kuhf rumg
rumgj`
j`f,
f, bjrm
bjrmn`n, ftfu bgfs`gs. _gi
n`n, _giyfa
yfant
nt nin
entu`frafi bg`f`un erjp`gt ftfupui ajitfa egihfi pgiegrntf. _giyfant nin bgbn`nan
bfsf niaumfsn 3-6< cfrn. Lfbpfa entfiefn egihfi hgkf`f fwf` egbfb, mftua,
 pn`ga, efi ajikuihtnvntns yfih agbuenfi ennautn egihfi mgrlfa agbgrfcfi pfef
au`nt (rfsc). Efbpfa pgiyfant lfbpfa en agbuenfi cfrn fef`fc aurfih hnzn sgmfhfn

fanmft enfrg mgru`fih efi mgragpfikfihfi pfslf lfbpfa, snierjb rfefih jtfa pfef
fifa
fifa enftfs
enftfs 6? tfcui,
tfcui, efi tumgra
tumgrau`j
u`jsns
sns pfru
pfru bgikfe
bgikfenn `gmnc
`gmnc pfrfc
pfrfc sgtg`fc
sgtg`fc sfant
sfant
lfbpfa mgrft.

=. Gtnj`jhn
_giygmfmiyf fef`fc vnrus bjrmn`n yfih tgrefpft ef`fb sgargt ifsjdfrnih efi efrfc
sg`fbf bfsf prjejrbf` sfbpfn =5 kfb sgtg`fc tnbmu` mgrlfa-mgrlfa. Tnrus nin mgrupf

vnru
vnruss ]IF
]IF yfih
yfih tgrb
tgrbfs
fsua
ua df
dfbn
bn`n
`n _f
_frf
rfbn
bnas
asjv
jvnr
nrne
nefg
fg,, hg
hgiu
iuss Bjrm
Bjrmn`
n`nv
nvnr
nrus
us.. Lfrf
Lfrf
 pgiu`frfiiyf fef`fc egihfi erjp`gt nidgasn. Tnrus lfbpfa tgrbfsua hj`jihfi
 

 pfrfbyxjvnrus. Tnrus nin mgrmgitua mu`ft egihfi tgpn yfih afsfr efi mghfrns tgihfc 65?
bb, enmuih
enmuihau
auss j`gc
j`gc sg`umu
sg`umuih
ih `ufr
`ufr yfih
yfih tgrenr
tgrenrnn efrn
efrn `gbfa
`gbfa efi prjtgn
prjtgni,
i, enef`f
enef`fbiy
biyff
tgrefp
tgrefpft
ft iua`g
iua`gjafpsn
jafpsne
e yfih mu`ft `jikjih tgrenrn efrn mfhnfi prjtgni yfih bgihg`n`nihn
fsfb
sfb iua`gft (]IF
(]IF),
), bgru
bgrupf
pfaf
afi
i sruat
sruatur
ur cg
cg`n
`nas
as iu
iua`
a`gj
gjpr
prjt
jtgn
gni
i yf
yfih
ih mg
mgrfe
rfeff ef
efrn
rn
byxjvnrus. \g`umuih `ufr sgrnih bgiuikuaafi tjikj`fi pgiega, sf tu prjtgni yfih mgrfef

en sg`umuih `ufr builu` sgmfhfn cgbfh`utnini.

Tnrus Lfbpfa fef`fc jrhfinsbg yfih tnefa bgbn`nan efyf tfcfi yfih auft, fpfmn`f
 mgrfef en`ufr tumuc bfiusnf vnrus Lfbpfa fafi bftn. _fef tgbpgrftur afbfr vnrus
Lfbpfa agcn`fihfi 4?% sndft nidgatnsntfsiyf sg`fbf < “ 7 cfrn. Ufipf bgenf prjtgni vnrus
Lfbpfa cfiyf efpft cneup sg`fbf = bnihhu efi cfilur j`gc snifr u`trfvnj`gt. Tnrus
Lfbpfa
Lfbpfa tgrbfsua
tgrbfsua bnarjjrhfi
bnarjjrhfinsbg
nsbg yfih mgrsndft gtc
gtcgr
gr `fmn`g
`fmn`g afrgif sg`umuihiyf tgrenrn
efrn `gbfa, pfef sucu afbfr efpft bftn ef`fb =?% gtcgr sg`fbf 6? bgint, efi 7?%
fsgt
sgtji ef`f
f`fb <? bgint. \gm
gmgg`ub en`frutafi, vfasni Lfbp
fbpfa ensnbpfi ef`
f`ffb
agfeffi agrnih efi mgau, rg`ftnd stfmn` efi efpft ensnbpfi en
en drggzgr
 drggzgr ftfu pfef sucu `gbfrn

gs (=-3¿L1 <7,4-54,5¿D) sglfrf fbfi sg`fbf sgtfcui ftfu `gmnc. Tfasni yfih tg`fc enpfafn
cfrus enmufih efi kfihfi enpfafn u`fih.

<. Lfrf _giu`frfi _giyfant Lfbpfa 

Tnrus Lfbpfa entu`frafi efrn jrfih ag jrfih, bfiusnf bgrupfafi sftu-sftuiyf
rgsgrvjnr pgiyfant Lfbpfa . Tnrus Lfbpfa mgrfef ensgargt ifsjpfrnih efi en ef`fb efrfc
bninbf
bninbf`` sg`fbf
sg`fbf bfsf
bfsf tuifs
tuifs efi ef`fb
ef`fb wfatu
wfatu yfih
yfih snihaf
snihaftt sgtg`fc
sgtg`fc tnbmu`
tnbmu`iyf
iyf rufb.
rufb.
_giu`frfi tgrkfen bg`f`un uefrf, ajitfa `fihsuih egihfi sgargsn cneuih ftfu tgihhjrjafi
efi kfrfih tgrkfen j`gc ajitfa egihfi mgief-mgief yfih tgrajitfbnifsn egihfi sgargsn

cneuih efi tgihhjrjafi. _giu`frfi efpft tgrkfen fitfrf 6 “ = cfrn sgmg`ubiyf tnbmu`iyf
hgkf`f a`nins sfbpfn 5 cfrn sgtg`fc tnbmu` rufb. _giu`frfi vnrus Lfbpfa sfihft gdgatnd 
sgcnihhf egihfi vnrus yfih sgenant suefc efpft bginbmu`afi nidgasn pfef sgsgjrfih.

5. _ftjdnsnj`jhn
_giygmfm lfbpfa fef`fc bgf
gfs`
s`gs
gs vnru
vnruss (BT), hgius vnrus bjrmn`n,
dfbn`n pfrfbyxjvnrnefg.
 pfrfbyxjvnrnefg. Tnrus nin bgikfen tnefa fatnd mn`f tgragif pfifs, snifr, pC fsfb,
gtcgr, efi trypsni efi cfiyf mgrtfcfi aurfih efrn = kfb en uefrf tgrmuaf. Tnrus lfbpfa 
entu`frafi `gwft erjp`gt, bgigbpg` efi mgragbmfih mnfa pfef gpntg` ifsjdfrnih. Tnrus nin

bfsua bg`f`u
bfsua bg`f`unn sf`urfi
sf`urfi pgrifd
pgrifdfsfi
fsfi tgrutfb
tgrutfbff mfhnfi
mfhnfi ftfs,
ftfs, kuhf
kuhf agbuih
agbuihani
anifi
fi bg`f`u
bg`f`unn
ag`gikfr fnr bftf.
 

Euf sfbpfn tnhf cfrn sgtg`fc nivfsn, rgp`nafsn efi aj`jinsfsn mgr`fikut pfef ag`gikfr 
`nbdg
`nbdg rghnji
rghnjif`
f` efi tgrkfen
tgrkfen vnrgbn
vnrgbnff yfih
yfih pgrtfb
pgrtfbf.
f. Tnrus
Tnrus bgiygm
bgiygmfr
fr pfef
pfef sgbuf
sgbuf snstgb
snstgb
rgtnau`jgiejtg`nf` efi bgiyusu` vnrgbnf ageuf sgtg`fc 7-8 cfrn efrn nidgasn fwf`. Fefiyf
hnfi
hnfitt lg
lg``
``ss ef
efi
i pr
prjs
jsgs
gs pg
pgrf
rfef
efih
ihfi
fi bgru
bgrupf
pfaf
afi
i ef
efsfr
sfr pf
pftj
tj`j
`jhn
hna
a ru
rufb
fb ef
efi
i ni
nidn
dn`t
`trft
rft
 pgrnmrjilcnf` pfru. Kuhf tgrefpft uegbf, mgieuihfi efi pgrefrfcfi yfih tgrsgmfr pfef

jtfa. Aj`jinsfsn efi pgiygmfrfi pfef gpntg` efi au`nt bgiygmfmafi mftua, pn`ga, bftf
bgrfc (< L ; ljryzf, ljuhc fie ljikultnvntns)
ljikultnvntns) efi egbfb yfih bfani `fbf bfani tnihhn.
Hgkf`f pfifs, mftua, pn`ga bfani `fbf bfani mgrft efi pfef cfrn ag 6? sgkfa fwf` nidgasn
(pfef cfrn pgiegrntf ajitfa egihfi submgr nidgasn) bu`fn tnbmu` rufb bfau`jpfpu`gr 
wfrif agbgrfcfi.
Tnrus efpft mgragbmfih mnfa kuhf pfef susuifi sfrfd pusft efi bginbmu`afi hgkf`f
a`nina gilgdf`ntns. \gtg`fc bfsf ajivg`gsgi pfef turui efi cnpgrvfsau`frnsfsn bgrgef efi
bgi
giy
ygmfm
gmfma
afi rufb
rufb bgi
bgikfe
kfen bfa
fani
ni hg`fp
g`fp,, mgr
gru
umfc
mfc bgik
bgikfe
fenn eg
egsq
squ
ufbfs
fbfsnn efi
cnpg
cnpgrp
rpnh
nhbg
bgit
itfsn
fsn.. _r
_rjs
jsgs
gs ni
ninn ensgm
ensgmfm
fmaf
afi
i af
afrg
rgif
if pf
pfef
ef fwf`
fwf`iy
iyff tg
tgre
refp
fpft
ft pg
pgre
refrf
frfcf
cfi
i

 pgrnvfsau`gr efi nidn`trfsn `nbdjsnt

7. Bfindgstfsn A`nins
Bfsf tuifs/niau
tuifs/niaumfsn
mfsn pgiyfant mgr`fihsuih
mgr`fihsuih aurfih `gmnc efrn 6?-=? cfrn efi agbnenfi
agbnenfi
tnbmu` hgkf`f-hgkf`f yfih enmfhn ef`fb < stfenub ;
6) \tfenub aftfrf` (prjejrbf`)
\tfenub prjejrbf` mgr`fihsuih sg`fbf 5-7 cfrn entfiefn j`gc egbfb rnihf cnihhf
sgefih
sgefih,, mftua
mftua agrnih
agrnih rnihfi
rnihfi,, ljryzf
ljryzf,, djtjdj
djtjdjmnf
mnf efi ajikui
ajikuihtn
htnvnt
vntns.
ns. Bgikg`
Bgikg`fih
fih facnr 
facnr 
stfe
stfenu
nub
b af
aftf
tfrf`
rf` ef
efi
i =5 kfb
kfb sgmg`
sgmg`ub
ub tnbm
tnbmu`
u` gi
gifi
fitgb
tgbf,
f, tnbm
tnbmu`
u` mg
mgrl
rlfa
fa aj
ajp`
p`na
na yf
yfih
ih

 pftjhijbjina mfhn bjrmn`n, tgtfpn sfihft kfrfih enkubpfn. Mgrlfa ajp`na mgrwfrif putnc
ag`fmu, sgmgsfr ukuih kfrub efi enag`n`nihn j`gc grntgbf.@jaf`nsfsniyf enbuajsf muaf`ns
 mgrcfefpfiegihfi bj`fr enmfwfc, tgtfpn efpft bgiygmfr tnefa tgrftur bgihgifn sg`uruc
 pgrbuaffi pnpn. Bgsan kfrfih, bgrgaf efpft pu`f entgbuafi pfef mfhnfi tgihfc mnmnr 
 mfwfc, `fihnt-`fihnt efi afrfiau`f `farnbf`ns. Mgrlfa tgrsgmut builu` efi bgihcn`fih
egihfi lgpft ef`fb wfatu 6=-63 kfb. Afefih-afefih stfenub prjejrbf` mgrsndft mgrft
afrgif ennrnihn egbfb tnihhn bgiefefa ensgrtfn agkfih-agkfih efi pigubjin. Hfbmfrfi
efrfc tgpn nf`fc `nbdjsntjsns efi `guajpginf.
=) \tfenub grupsn

Ljryzf efi mftua-mftua mgrtfbmfc. Unbmu` grntgbf / tntna bgrfc enpf`ftub

eurub
eurub efi pf`ftu
pf`ftub
b bj`g.
bj`g. Ugrkfe
Ugrkfeniy
niyff grntgb
grntgbff yfih
yfih mgrmgi
mgrmgitua
tua bfau`f
bfau`f pfpu`f
pfpu`f
 

ensgrtfn egihfi bgifnaiyf sucu tumuc. Grntgbf tnbmu` enmg`fafih tg`nihf enmfhnfi
ftfss `ft
ftf `ftgrf`
grf` tgihau
tgihaua,
a, sgpfikf
sgpfikfih
ih rfbmut
rfbmut efi mfhnfi
mfhnfi mg`faf
mg`fafih
ih mfwfc.
mfwfc. Afefih
Afefih--
afefih tgrefpft pgrefrfcfi prnbgr pfef au`nt. ]fsf hftf`, buaf mgihafa. Ugrefpft
 pgbmgsfrfi ag`gikfr hgtfc mginih ensueut bfienmu`f efi enefgrfc `gcgr mg`fafih.
Kuhf tgrefpft sgenant sp`gijbghf`n, tnefa kfrfih ensgrtfn enfrg efi buitfc. Tfrnfsn

efrn bjrmn`n yfih mnfsf nin fef`fc ‐M`fla Bgfs`gs‒ yfntu bjrmn`n yfih ensgrtfn
 pgrefrfcfi pfef au`nt, bu`ut, cneuih
cneuih efi trfatus enhgstnvus.
<) \tfenub ajivf`gsgisn
Grupsn mgraurf
rfi
ih bginihhf`afi mga
gaffs yfih mgrwfrif `gmnc tuf
(cnpgr
(cnpgrpnh
pnhbgi
bgitfsn
tfsn)) yfih
yfih mnsf
mnsf cn`fih
cn`fih sgienr
sgienrn.
n. \g`fni
\g`fni cnpgrp
cnpgrpnhb
nhbgit
gitfsn
fsn pfef
pfef fifa 
fifa 
Niej
Niejig
igsn
snff sgrni
sgrnih
h entg
entgbu
buaf
afi
i pu
pu`f
`f au
au`n
`ntt yf
yfih
ih mg
mgrsn
rsnsn
sna.
a. Cnpg
Cnpgrp
rpnh
nhbg
bgit
itfsn
fsn ni
ninn
bgrupf
bgrupfafi
afi hgkf`f
hgkf`f pftjhi
pftjhijbj
jbjina
ina uitua
uitua bjrmn`
bjrmn`n.
n. _fef
_fef pgiyfa
pgiyfant-p
nt-pgiy
giyfan
fantt `fni
`fni
egihfi
egihfi grntgbf ftfu gasfitgbf
gasfitgbf rufb au`nt bgihcn`fih
bgihcn`fih tfipf cnpgrpnhbg
cnpgrpnhbgitfsn.
itfsn.
\ucu bgiurui sfbpfn bgikfen ijrbf` agluf`n mn`f fef ajbp`nafsn.

4. Ajbp`nafsn
f. Jtntns bgenf faut
m. _igubjinf / mrjiajpigubjin
l. Gilgdf`ntns
e. Mrjianj`ntns
g. @frnihntns jmstruasn efi `frnihjtrfaacgtns

8. _gbgrnasffi Enfhijstna 

_fef pgbgrnasffi efrfc enefpftafi kub`fc `guajsnt ijrbf` ftfu bginihaft fpfmn`f fef
ajbp`nafsn
ajbp`nafsn nidgasn
nidgasn mfatgrn.
mfatgrn. _gbgrnasffi
_gbgrnasffi fitnmjen
fitnmjen NhB bgrupfafi
bgrupfafi lfrf tgrlgpft
tgrlgpft uitua 
bgbfstnafi fefiyf nidgasn lfbpfa faut. Afrgif NhB buihani mg`ub efpft enegtgasn
 pfef = cfrn pgrtfbf builu`iyf rfsc, bfaf uitua bgihfbmn` efrfc pgbgrnasffi NhB
en`fauafi pfef cfrn agtnhf uitua bgihcniefrn fefiyf df`sg
fefiyf  df`sg ighftnvg.
ighftnvg. Untgr NhB bu`fn su`nt
enuaur pfef 5 bnihhu sgtg`fc builu` rfsc.
\gefihafi NhH fitnmjen efpft enegtgasn 5 cfrn sgtg`fc rfsc builu`, tgrmfiyfa NhH
efpft enegtgasn 6 bnihhu sgtg`fc jisgt sfbpfn < bnihhu sgtg`fc jisgt. NhH bfsnc efpft
entgbuafi sfbpfn mgmgrfpf tfcui agbuenfi. Tnrus bgfs`gs efpft ennsj`fsn efrn urnig,

ifsjdf
ifsjdfrni
rnihgf
hgf`` fspnrf
fspnrft,
t, efrfc
efrfc yfih
yfih enmgrn
enmgrn cgpfrn
cgpfrni,
i, efi swfm
swfm tgihhj
tgihhjrja
rja sg`fbf
sg`fbf bfsf
bfsf
 

 prjerjbf` sfbpfn =5 kfb sgtg`fc tnbmu` mgrlfa-mgrlfa. Tnrus efpft tgtfp fatnd sg`fbf
sgaurfih-aurfihiyf <5 kfb ef`fb sucu afbfr.

>. _giftf`fasfiffi
Ugrefp
Ugrefpft
ft nienaf
nienafsn
sn pgbmgr
pgbmgrnfi
nfi jmft
jmft sgeftn
sgeftnd,
d, fitnpn
fitnpnrgtn
rgtna
a uitua
uitua bgihft
bgihftfsn
fsn

egbfb tnihhn
egbfb tnihhn.. Nstnrfc
Nstnrfcft
ft entgbp
entgbpftft tneur
tneur efi pgbfsu
pgbfsuafi
afi lfnrfi
lfnrfi yfih
yfih fegauf
fegauft.
t.
Buihan
Buihani
i enpgr`
enpgr`uaf
uafii cubnen
cubnenafs
afsnn rufihf
rufihfii mfhn
mfhn pgiegr
pgiegrntf
ntf `frnih
`frnihntns
ntns ftfu mftua 
mftua 
bgihhfihhu efi `gmnc mfna bgbpgrtfcfifafi sucu rufihfi yfih cfihft.
_giftf`fasfiffi Ugrfupgtna ;
f. _gbmgrnfi vntfbni F
m. Nstnrfcft mfrnih sg`fbf sucu bginihaft, pgbmgrnfi fitnpnrgtna 
l. _gbmgrnfi fitnmnjtna pfef fifa-fifa yfih mgrgsnaj tnihhn
e. _gbmgrnfi jmft mftua efi sgeftnvub

_giftf`fasfiffi Agpgrfwftfi ;
f. Agmutucfi Iutrnsn
Lfbpfa bgiygmfmafi fifa bgiegrntf bf`fnsg efi fijrgasnf. Fifa sgrnih
bgihg`uc bu`ut pfcnt sgcnihhf tnefa bfu bfafi ftfu bniub. Egbfb yfih tnihhn
bgiygmfmafi pgihg`ufrfi lfnrfi `gmnc mfiyfa. Agfeffi nin knaf tnefa enpgrcftnafi
fhfr fifa bfu bfafi ftfupui bninb fafi bgifbmfc ag`gbfcfi tumuciyf efi
bgbuefcafi tnbmu`iyf ajbp`nafsn.
 m. Hfihhufi sucu tumuc
tumuc
Lfbpfa sg`f`u enefcu`un egbfb tnihhn. Egbfb yfih ensgmfmafi nidgasn vnrus

nin pfef facnriyf fafi turui egihfi sgienrniyf sgtg`fc lfbpfaiyf ag`ufr mfiyfa,
agluf`n mn`f tgrkfen ajbp`nafsn egbfb fafi tgtfp mgr`fihsuih `gmnc `fbf. Witua 
bgiuru
bgiuruiaf
iafi
i sucu
sucu tumuc
tumuc mnfsfi
mnfsfiyf
yf enmgrn
enmgrnafi
afi fitnpn
fitnpnrgtn
rgtna
a efi knaf
knaf tnihhn
tnihhn sgaf`n
sgaf`n
enmgrnfafi sgeftnvg uitua bgilghfc tgrkfeniyf agkfih.
l. Hfihhufi rfsf fbfi iyfbfi
  Hfihhufi
Hfihhufi nin enrfsfafi
enrfsfafi fifa afrgif
afrgif fefiyf
fefiyf egbfb,
egbfb, tfa
tfa gifa mfefi,
mfefi, pusnih
pusnih,, bu`ut
tgrfsf pfcnt efi afefih buitfc-buitfc. Mnfsfiyf fifa kuhf tnefa tfcfi bg`ucft snifr 
afrgif sn`fu, mftua mgrtfbmfc mfiyfa efi fafi mgr`fihsuih `gmnc `fbf efrn lfbpfaiyf
sgienrn. Fifa agln` fafi sfihft rgwg`, pfef wfatu bf`fb fifa sgrnih bnitf enhgiejih

sfkf. Knaf gasfitgb tg`fc ag`ufr fifa fafi bgrfsf hftf`, cf` nin kuhf bgifbmfc hfihhufi
fbfi efi agiyfbfifi fifa. Witua bgihurfihn rfsf hftf` tumuc fifa enmgefan egihfi
 

 mgefa sf`nsn` 6% ftfu `fniiyf ( ftfs rgsgp ejatgr ). \g`fbf bfsnc egbfb tnihhn kfihfi
enbfienafi tgtfpn sgrnih-sgrnih enmgefan sfkf.
e. ]gsnaj tgrkfeniyf ajbp`nafsn
  Lfbpfa
Lfbpfa sgrnih
sgrnih bgiy
bgiygmf
gmfmaf
mafi
i efyf
efyf tfcf
tfcfi
i tumuc
tumuc sfihft
sfihft bgiuru
bgiurui.
i. Cf`
Cf` nin
nin efpft
efpft
enmuat
enmuatnaf
nafi
i egihfi
egihfi ukn tumgrlu
tumgrlu`ni
`ni yfih
yfih sgbu`f
sgbu`f pjsntn
pjsntndd mgrumf
mgrumfc
c bgikfe
bgikfenn ighftnv
ighftnvg.
g. Nin

bgiuikuaa
bgiuik uaafi
fi mfcwf
mfcwf fitnhg
fitnhgi
i fitnmj
fitnmjey
ey pfsngi
pfsngi sfihft
sfihft aurfih
aurfih agbfbp
agbfbpufi
ufiiy
iyff uitua 
uitua 
 mgrgfasn tgrcfefp nidgasn. J`gc afrgif ntu rgsnaj tgrkfeniyf ajbp`nafsn `gmnc mgsfr 
tgrutfbf knaf agfeffi ubub fifa aurfih mfna, sgpgrtn pfef pfsngi egihfi bf`iutrnsn ftfu
egihfi pgiyfant arjina `fniyf
 

M. F\WCFI AG_G]FXFUFI UGJ]NUN\

6. _GIHAFKNFI
f. negitntfs pgiegrntf
Mnfsfiyf Bg`nputn ifbf fifa, ubur ; rgitfi pfef fifa mgrubur 6-65 tc egihfi stftus hnzn
yfih aurfih efi sgrnih bgihf`fbn pgiyfant nidgasn, kgins ag`fbni (@ efi _ pgrvf`gisniyf
sfbf), suau mfihsf, ij rghnstgr, tfihhf` bfsua rubfc sfant, enfhijsf bgens E@@.
 m. Ag`ucfi utfbf
Ag`ucfi utfbf pfef pfsngi egihfi bjrmn`n yfntu egbfb tgrus-bgigrus mgr`fihsuih = “ 5
cfrn. (_uspjighjrj, =??5 ; >4). Fifa bfsua rubfc sfant mnfsfiyf egihfi ag`ucfi fefiyf

grntgbf enmg`fafih
enmg`fafih tg`nihf, en mfhfnfi
mfhfnfi ftfs `ftgrf` tgihaua,
tgihaua, sgpfikfih
sgpfikfih rfbmut efi mfhnfi
mfhnfi
 mg`fafih mfwfc, mfefi pfifs, gifitgbf ( tntna bgrfc ) enpf`ftub eurub efi pf`ftub
bj`g.
l. ]nwfyft agsgcftfi efcu`u
Fifbigsf pfef pgihafknfi fpfafc a`ngi pgrifc enrfwft en ]ubfc \fant ftfu pgrifc
bgihf`fbn jpgrfsn (_jttgr, =??7 ; 637). Fifbigsf rnwfyft pgiyfant yfih pgrifc enegrntf
 pfef bfsf `f`u, rnwfyft nbuinsfsn lfbpfa (Xjih, =??< ; 478). Fifbigsf rnwfyft ajitfa 
egihfi jrfih yfih tgrnidgasn lfbpfa. (\urnfen, =??6 ; =6<). Mnfsfiyf Fifa mg`ub pgrifc
bgiefpftafi vfasnifsn lfbpfa efi pgrifc ajitfa egihfi pfsngi lfbpfa.

e. ]nwfyft agsgcftfi sgafrfih

Fifbig
Fifbigsf
sf fefiyf
fefiyf egbfb
egbfb tgrus-
tgrus-bgi
bgigru
gruss mgr`fi
mgr`fihsu
hsuih
ih = “ 5 cfrn,
cfrn, mftua
mftua,, pn`ga,
pn`ga, iygrn
iygrn
bgig`fi, bftf bgrfc, sn`fu mn`f agif lfcfyf (djtjdjmnf), enfrg, rufb au`nt. (_uspjighjrj,
=??5 ; >4). Fefiyf ifdsu bfafi bgiurui, `gbfc, `gsu. (\urnfen, =??6 ; =6<
_fef fifa yfih tgrnidgasn vnrus lfbpfa mnfsfiyf entfiyfafi pfef jrfih tuf ftfu fifa 
tgitfih afpfi tnbmu`iyf pfifs, mftua, ajikuihtnvntns, ajrnzf, mgrlfa ajp`na efi gifitgbf
sgrtf upfyf yfih tg`fc en`fauafi uitua bgihftfsniyf.
g. ]nwfyft agsgcftfi ag`ufrhf
Efpftafi eftf tgitfih cumuihfi agag`ufrhffi efi cumuihfi efrfc, fpfafc a`ngi mgrgsnaj

tgrcfefp pgiyfant yfih mgrsndft hgigtna ftfu dfbn`nf`. (_jttgr, =??7 ; 637)
d. ]nwfyft nbuinsfsn
 

Nbuinsfsn fpf sfkf yfih suefc enefpftafi bnsf`iyf MLH, _J@NJ N,NN, NNN1 E_U N, NN, NNN1
efi lfbpfa.
h. ]nwfyft iutrnsn
Agmutucfi af`jrn 5-4 tfcui yfntu >? af`jrn/ah/cfrn._gbmftfsfi af`jrn uitua ubur 6-4
tfcui >??-6<?? af`jrn/cfrn. Witua pgrtfbmfcfi mgrft mfefi negf` bgihhuifafi rubus 3 +

=i.
\tftus Hnzn
A`fsndnafsniyf sgmfhfn mgrnaut ;
Hnzn murua aurfih efrn 4?%
Hnzn aurfih 4? % - 03? %
Hnzn mfna 3? % - 66? %

c. _gihafknfi Duihsnjif` Hjreji

_j`f-pj`f duihsnjif` agsgcftfi Hjreji ;

  _grsgp
_grsgpsn
sn agsgcf
agsgcftfi
tfi “ pj`f
pj`f bfifhg
bfifhgbgi
bgi agsgcf
agsgcftfi
tfi,, bgihhf
bgihhfbmf
bmfrafi
rafi pj
pj`f
`f
 pgbfcfbfi a`ngi tgitfih agsgcftfi, efi agsgkfctgrffi,
agsgkf ctgrffi, efi mfhfnbfif agsgcftfi
agsg cftfi
bgrgaf enftur.
   _j`f
_j`f bgtf
bgtfmj
mj`n
`na
a “ Iutr
Iutrnsn
nsn,, bgi
bgihh
hhfb
fbmf
mfra
rafi
fi aj
ajis
isub
ubsn
sn rg`ft
rg`ftnd
nd tgr
tgrcf
cfef
efp
p
agmutucfi bgtfmj`na efi sup`fn hnzn, bg`nputn pj`f ajisubsn bfafifi efi lfnrfi,
agfeffi au`nt, rfbmut, auau, efi bgbmrfi buajsf, sucu tumuc, tnihhn, efi mgrft
 mfefi.
   _j`f g`nbnifsn,
g`nbnifsn, bgihhfbmf
bgihhfbmfrafi
rafi pj`f duihsn
duihsn gasargsn
gasargsn (usus mgsfr, afieuih
afieuih
agbnc, efi au`nt)1 tgrbfsua pj`f nienvneu sgcfrn-cfrn, pgrumfcfi ftfu hfihhufi,

efi bgtjeg yfih enhuifafi uitua bgihgief`nafi gasargsn.

  _j`f fatnvntfs “ j`fcrfhf, bgihhfbmfrafi pj`f j`fcrfhf, fatnvntfs, pgihnsnfi
wfatu sgihhfih, efi rgargfsn, tgrbfsua fatnvntfs agcneupfi sgcfrn-cfrn, tnpg efi
auf`ntfs j`fc rfhf, efi dfatjr-dfatjr yfih bgbpgihfrucn pj`f fatnvntfs (sgpgrtn
jtjt “ sfrfd, rgspnrfsn, efi snrau`fsn).
   _j`f tneur “ nstnrfcft, bgihhfbmfrafi pj`f pgrsgpsn-sgisjrn efi pj`f ajhintnd1
bg`npu
bg`nputn
tn agfega
agfegauft
uftfi
fi mgitua
mgitua sgisjrn
sgisjrn (pgih`
(pgih`ncf
ncftfi
tfi,, pgiegi
pgiegihfr
hfrfi,
fi, pgrfmf
pgrfmffi,
fi,
 pgihglfpfi, efi pgihcneu), pg`fpjrfi bgihgifn pgrsgpsn iygrn, efi agbfbpufi
duihsn ajhintnd.

  _j`f
_j`f pgrsgp
pgrsgpsn
sn “ ajhint
ajhintnd,
nd, bgihhf
bgihhfbmf
bmfraf
rafi
i pj`f
pj`f pgrsgp
pgrsgpsn
sn sgisjrn
sgisjrn efi pj`f
pj`f
aj
ajhi
hint
ntnd1
nd1 bg`n
bg`npu
putn
tn ag
agfe
fega
gauf
uftf
tfi
i mg
mgit
itua
ua sgisj
sgisjrn
rn (p
(pgi
gih`
h`nc
ncft
ftfi
fi,, pg
pgie
iegi
gihf
hfrfi
rfi,,
 

 pgrfmffi, pgihglfpfi, efi pgihcneu), pg`fpjrfi bgihgifn pgrsgpsn iygrn, efi

agbfbpufi duihsn ajhintnd.
   _j`f
_j`f pgrsgp
pgrsgpsn
sn enrn
enrn “ ajisgp
ajisgp enrn,
enrn, bgihhf
bgihhfbmf
bmfraf
rafi
i mfhfnb
mfhfnbfif
fif sgsgjrf
sgsgjrfih
ih
bgbfiefih enrniyf sgienrn1 agbfbpufi bgrgaf, hfbmfrfi enrn, efi pgrfsffi.
   _j`f
_j`f cumuih
cumuihfi
fi pgrfi,
pgrfi, bgihhf
bgihhfbmf
bmfrafi
rafi pj`f
pj`f agtgrna
agtgrnaftfi
ftfi pgrfi
pgrfi egihfi
egihfi

cumuihfi1 bg`nputn
cumuihfi1 bg`nputn pgrsgpsn
pgrsgpsn tgrcfefp
tgrcfefp pgrfi utfbf efi tfihhuih
tfihhuih kfwfm ef`fb
sntufsn agcneupfi sfft nin.
   _j`f rgprjeuasn
rgprjeuasn “ sgasuf`ntfs,
sgasuf`ntfs, bgihhfbmfra
bgihhfbmfrafi
fi agpufsfi
agpufsfi ftfu agtnefapu
agtnefapufsfi
fsfi
ef`fb sgasuf`ntfs ; tgrbfsua stftus rgprjeuasn wfintf.
   _j`f
_j`f ajp
ajpni
nih
h “ tj
tj`g
`grf
rfis
isnn strgs
strgs,, bgi
bgihh
hhfb
fbmf
mfra
rafi
fi pj`
pj`ff ajp
ajpni
nih
h ubu
ubub
b efi
efi
aggdgatndfi agtgrfbpn`fi ajpnih ef`fb bgitj`grfisn strgs.
   _j`f in`fn “ agpgrlfyffi, bgihhfbmfrafi pj`f in`fn, tukufi ftfu agpgrlfyffi
(tgrbfsua agpgrlfyffi spnrntuf`) yfih bgihfrfcafi pn`ncfi efi agputusfi hfyf
cneup.

(_jttgr, 6>>4 ; 64)

<. _gbgrnasffi Dnsna 

_gbgrnasffi dnsna fef`fc bgihuaur tfief-tfief vntf` efi pgihuaurfi `fniiyf
sgrtff pgbgrna
sgrt pgbgrnasffi
sffi sgbuf
sgbuf mfhnfi
mfhnfi tumuc
tumuc egihfi
egihfi bgihhu
bgihhuifa
ifafi
fi tgaina
tgaina nispga
nispgasn,
sn,
 pf`pfsn, pgrausn, efi fusau`tfsn. (_jttgr, =??7 ; 67>)
f. \tftus agsgcftfi ubub
Bg`nputn agfeffi pgiegrntf, agsfefrfi, tnihhn mfefi, mgrft mfefi, efi tfief-tfief vntf`.

 m. Agpf`f efi `gcgr

- Nispgasn ;
Afkn mgitua agpf`f, agfefi rfbmut, au`nt agpf`f, ajikuihtnvntns, djtjdjmnf, fefafc grntgbf
enmg`fafih tg`nihf, en mfhnfi ftfs `ftgrf` tgihaua, sgpfikfih rfbmut efi mfhnfi mg`fafih
 mfwfc.
- _f`pfsn ;
Fefa
Fefafc
fc pg
pgbm
bmgsf
gsfrfi
rfi ag
ag`g
`gik
ikfr
fr hg
hgtf
tfc
c mg
mgin
inih
ih en sueu
sueutt bfie
bfienm
nmu`
u`ff ef
efi
i en
enef
efgr
grfc
fc `g
`gcg
cgr 
r 
 mg`fafih,

l. Bu`ut
 

Fefafc mgrlfa ajp`na en buajsf muaf`ns mgrcfefpfi egihfi bj`fr mfwfc, gifitgbf en
 pf`ftub eurub efi pf`ftub bj`g, pgrefrfcfi pfef
pfef bu`ut efi trfatus enhgstnvus.

e. Ujrfas
- Nispgasn ;

Mgitua efef fifa, Fefafc

Mgitua Fefafc mftua,
mftua, sglrgt pfef ifsjdfrnih,
ifsjdfrnih, pgrefrfcfi
pgrefrfcfi pfef cneuih. _fef
 pgiyfant lfbpfa, hfbmfrfi pgiyfant sglfrf a`nins bgiygrupfn nid`ugizf.
- Fusau`tfsn ;
]jilcn / muiyn tfbmfcfi pgrifpfsfi.

g. Fmejbgi
- Nispgasn ;
Mgitua efrn pgrut fifa. ]ufb pfef au`nt.
- Fusau`tfsn

Mnsnih usus.

- _grausn
_graus
_grausnn fmejbg
fmejbgi
i cfiyf
cfiyf en`fau
en`fauafi
afi mn`f
mn`f tgrefp
tgrefpft
ft tfief
tfief fmijrb
fmijrbf`,
f`, bnsf`i
bnsf`iyf
yf bfsf
bfsf ftfu
ftfu
 pgbmgihafafi.
d. Au`nt
- Nispgasn ;Grntgbf pfef au`nt, cnpgrpnhbgitfsn, au`nt mgrsnsna.
- _f`pfsn ; Uurhjr au`nt bgiurui
 

L. F\WCFI AG_G]FXFUFI

 Ij Enfhijsf agpgrfwftfi Uukufi efi Arntgrnf Cfsn` Nitgrvgisn

6 ]gsnaj pgiygmfrfi nidgasn m/e IJL ; INL ;
jrhfinsbg puru`gi Nbbuig \tftus Nidgltnji Ljitrj` (Ajitrj` n
Aijw`gehg ; Ni
Niddglt
ltnnji - Mgrsncafi
Mgrsncafi `nihau
`nihau
Egdn
Egdnin
insn
sn ; _g
_gin
inih
ihaf
aftf
tfi
i rg
rgsn
snaj
aj ljitrj` enpfafn pfsngi `fni
bfsuaiyf jrhfinsbg pftjhgi ]nsa ljitrj` - _grtfcfiafi tgaina n
Arntgrnf Cfsn`; - Mftfsn pgihuikuih m

Dfatjr-dfatjr rgsnaj ; - A`ngi

A`ngi mgmfs
mgmfs efrn
efrn - Nistruasnafi
Nistruasnafi pfef
  _rjsgeur Nidfsnd  tfief efi hgkf`f uitua bgiluln t
 


  Agtnefaluaupfi nidgasn  mgrauikuih efi sgtg`f
 pgihgtfcufi uitua  - Bgiegsarnpsnafi bginihhf`afi pfsngi
bgihcniefrn pfp
fpffrf
rfi
i  prjsgs pgiu`frfi - Huif
Huifaf
afi
i sf
sfmu
mui
i
 pftjhgi  pgiyfant, dfltjr  uitua luln tfihfi

  Urfubf yfih bgbpgihfru
bgbpgihfrucn
cn - Luln tfihfi
tfihfi sgtnfp


  Agrusf
Agrusfafi
afi kfrnih
kfrnihfi
fi  pgiu`frfi sgrtf sgsuefc tniefafi apgr 
efi pginih
pginihaft
aftfi
fi pfpfrfi
pfpfrfi  pgiftf`fasfiffiiyf - Huif
Huifaf
afi
i mf
mfku
ku,, sf
`nihauihfi - Bgiuikuaafi sgmfhfn f`ft pg`nieuih

  ]upt
]uptur
ur bgbm
bgbmrf
rfi
i ag
agbf
bfbp
bpuf
ufi
i ui
uitu
tua 
a  - _grtfcfiafi `nihau
fbinji bgilghfc tnbmu`iyf sg`fbf pgbfsfihfi f`

  Fhgi dfrbfsn nidgasN - Hfitn
Hfitn `gt
`gtfa
fa NT pgr
(nbuijsuprgsfi) - Kub`fc
Kub`fc `guajs
`guajsnt
nt lgitrf` efi ergssnih s

  Bf`iutrnsn ef`fb mftfs ijrbf`  pgtuikua ubub

  _ginihaftf
_ginihaftfi
i pfpfrfi
pfpfrfi - Bgiuikuaafi - Huif
Huifaf
afi
i af
aftgt
tgtgr
gr

`nihauihfi pftjhgi  pgrn`fau cneup sgcft uitua bgiuruiafi nid 


  Nbjiusuprgsn agilnih

  Agtnefafegauftfi - Unihatafi nitfag iu
nbub muftfi - Mg
Mgrn
rnaf
afi
i tg
tgrfp
rfpnn f

  Unefa fegauft  pgr`u
 pgrtfcfifi sgauiegr 
(pgiuruifi Cm, Nidgltnji _rjtgltnji (prjtg
@gua
@guajp
jpgi
ginf
nf,, pg
pgig
igaf
afif
ifi
i nidgasn)
rgspji nid`fbfsn) - Bjintjr
Bjintjr tfief efi

  Unefa fegauft snstgbna efi `jaf`
 pgrtfcfifi tumuc prnbgr  - Bjintjr cntuih hrfi
(au`nt
(au`nt tnefa
tnefa utuc,
utuc, trfubf
trfubf - Bjintj
Bjintjrr agrgit
agrgitfi
fi
 kfrnihfi, pgiuruifi agrkf nidgasn
sn`nf,
sn`nf, lfnrfi
lfnrfi tumuc
tumuc stftns,
stftns, - Mftfsn pgihuikuih
 pgrumfcfi sgargsn pC, - \frnih
\frnih pgihui
pgihuiku
ku
 pgrumfcfi pgrnstf`tna)  pgiyfant bgiu`fr 

  _giyfant arjina  - _frtfcfiafi
_frtfcfiafi tgaina
tgaina
 pfsngi yfih mgrgsnaj

- _grtfcfiafi tgaina n
 

- Mgrnafi
Mgrnafi pgrfwftfi
pgrfwftfi
frgf gpnegbf
- Ni
Nisp
spga
gasn
sn au
au`n
`ntt e
buajsf tgrcfefp
 pfifs, erfnifsg

- Nspg
Nspgas
asnn aj
ajie
iensn
nsn `
 mgefc
- Ejrjih
Ejrjih bfsuaafi
bfsuaafi
luaup
- Ejrjih bfsuafi lf
- Ejrjih nstnrfcft
- Nistruasnafi pfsngi
fitnmnjtna sgsufn rgsgp
- Fkfra
Fkfrafi
fi pf
pfsn
sngi
gi

tfief efi hgkf`f nidgas

- Fkfrafi lfrf
nidgasn
- @fpjrafi aglurnhff
- @fpjrafi au`tur pjs
= Mgrsncfi kf`
kf`fi if
ifdfs tne gdgatnd   IJL ;
tnefa gdg INL
 m/e pgiubpuafi sglrgt. ]gspnrftjry stftus ; Fnrwfy sultnji
Tgitn`ftnji - _fst
_fstna
nafi
fi ag
agmu
mutu
tu
Egdninsn ; Agtnefabfbpufi uitua  ]gspnrftjry stftus ; Fnrwfy trflcgf` sultnjinih

bgbmgrsrsnncafi sg
sga
arg
rgssn ftfu  pftgily - Fusau`tfsn
Fusau`tfsn sufrf i
jmstruasn efrn sf`urfi pgrifdfsfi efi sgsuefc sultnjini
uitua bgbpgrtfcfiafi Arntgrnf Cfsn` ; - Nidjrb
Nidjrbfsnafi
fsnafi pfe
agmgrsncfi kf`fi ifdfs. Bgiegb
Bgiegbjis
jistrfs
trfsnaf
nafi
i mftua 
mftua  ag`ufrhf tgitfih sultn
gdgatnd efi sufrf ifdfs yfih - Bnitf a`ngi ifdfs e
   Mftfsfi Afrfatgrnstna;  mgrsnc, tnefa fef snfijsns sultnji en`fauafi.
Enspigu, _giuruifi sufrf efi eyspigu (bfbpu - Mgrnafi J
ifdfs  mgrifdfs egihfi buefc, bgihhuifafi ifs
   Jrtcjpigu tnefa fef pursge `nps) bgbdfsn`ntfsn suasnji


  Lyfijsns v Bgiu
Bgiuik
ikua
uaaf
afi
i kf
kf`f
`fi
i - Huifa
Huifafi
fi f`ft yfih
  RAg`fnifi
RAg`fnifi sufrf ifdfs ifdfs yfih bg`fauafi tniefafi
 

(rf`gs, wcggznih)  pftgi(a`ngi tnefa  - Fikurafi

Fikurafi pfsngi u
   Agsu`ntfi mgrmnlfrf bgrf
rfssf tgrlg
lga
ana, ef
efi
i if
ifpf
pfss ef
ef`f
`fb
b sg
   Mftua,
Mftua, tnefa gdgajtnd 
gdgajtnd  nrfbf ifdfs, enag`ufrafi efrn ifsjt
ftfu tnefa fef drgaugisn pgrifdfsfi - Bjintjr stftus jasnh
   Bftf bg`gmfr  ef`fb rgitfih - Fkfraf
Fkfrafi
i ag`ufr
ag`ufrhf
hf

   _rjeuasn sputub ijr

jrb
bf`
f`,, tne
tnefa fe
feff lfrf bg`fauafi suasnj
   Hg`nsfc sufrf ifdfs - Cgi
Cgitna
tnafi
fi suasnj
suasnji
i
   _grumfcfi
_grumfcfi drgaugisn
drgaugisn fmijrbf`) jasnhgi fpfmn`f
efi nrfbf ifdfs v Bfbpu bgiuikuaafi
bgihnegitndnafsnafi  pginihaftfi sfturfsn J
Dfatjr-dfatjr yfih mgrcumuihfi; efi bgilghfc dfltjr 
- @nihauih
@nihauihfi
fi ; bgrjaja,
bgrjaja, yfih efpft Fnrwfy Bfifhgbgit
bgih
bgihcn
cnru
rup
p fs
fsfp
fp rj
rjaj
aja,
a, bgih
bgihcf
cfbm
bmft
ft kf
kf`f
`fi
i - Mu
Muaf
af kf
kf`f
`fi
i if
ifdf
df
 pgrjaja pfsnd-_JA, ifdfs tgaina lcni `ndt ftfu kf

nidgasn  pgr`u
- Dnsn
Dnsnj`
j`jh
jhns
ns ; ensd
ensdui
uihs
hsnn - _jsns
jsnsna
nafi
fi pfs
igurjbusau`fr, cnpgrp`fsnf bgbfasnbf`afi vgitn`
enie
enieni
nih
h mr
mrji
jiau
aus,
s, f`gr
f`grhn
hn - Negitn
Negitndna
dnafsn
fsn pfsn
pfsn
 kf`fi ifdfs, fsbf.  pgbfsfihfi f`ft kf`fi
- Jmstru
Jmstruasn
asn kf`fi
kf`fi ifdfs
ifdfs ; - _fsfih bfyj mn`f pg
spfsbg kf`fi ifdfs, sgargsn - @fauafi
@fauafi dnsnjtgrf
dnsnjtgrf
tgrtfcfi, mfiyfaiyf  pgr`u
buaus, fefiyf kf`fi ifdfs - Ag`ufrafi
Ag`ufrafi sgargt

 muftfi, sgargsn mrjiaus, ftfu sultnji

fefiyf gasueft en - Fusa
Fusau`
u`tf
tfsn
sn sufr
sufrff
f`vg
f`vgj`
j`us
us,, fe
fefi
fiyf
yf mgie
mgieff fefiyf sufrf tfbmfcf
fsnih en kf`fi ifdfs. - @fauafi sultnji pf
- Aj`fmjrfsn
 mrjiajen`ftjr mn`f pgr`
- Mgrnafi pg`gbmfm u
< Agrusfafi nitghrntfs au`nt m/e IJL ; Unssu
nssugg Ni
Nitg
tghr
hrnty ; INL ; _rgssurg Bfifhgbgit
nty
 pgiuruifi nbuintfs \ani fie Buljus - Fikurafi pfs

Bgbmrfigs bgihh
bgi hhui
uifa
fafi
fi pfa 
pfa 
Arntgrnf Cfsn` ; `jihhfr 
 

v Nitgh
Nitghrnt
rntfs
fs au`nt
au`nt yfih
yfih - Cniefrn agrutfi pfef
 mfna mnsf - Kfhf a
agmgrsnc
gmgrsncfi
fi au`
au`
enpgrtfcfiafi  mgrsnc efi agrnih
(sgisf
(sgisfsn,
sn, g`fstnsn
g`fstnsntfs,
tfs, - Bj
Bjmn
mn`n
`nsfs
sfsnn pfsng
pfsngi
i
tgbpgr
tgbpgrftu
ftur,
r, cnerfsn
cnerfsn,,  pfsngi) sgtnfp euf kfb

 pnhbgitfsn) - Bjintjr au`nt f

v Unef
Unefa
a fe
feff `u
`uaf
af/`
/`gs
gsnn agbgrfcfi
 pfef au`nt - J`gsafi
J`gsafi `jtnji
`jtnji ftfu
ftfu
v _grdusn kfrnihfi mfna  jn` pfef egrfc yfih tgr
v Bgiuikuaafi - Bjin
Bjintjr
tjr fatnvnt
fatnvntfs
fs e
 pgbfcfbfi ef`fb  pfsngi
 prjsgs pgrmfnafi - Bjintjr stftus iutrnsn
au`nt
au`nt efi bgilgh
bgilghfc
fc
tg
tgrk
rkfe
feni
niyf
yf sg
sgeg
egrf
rf

 mgru`fih
v Bfbp
Bfbpu
u bg`n
bg`nie
ieui
uihn
hn
au`nt efi
bgbpgrtfcfiafi
ag`
g`gb
gbm
mfm
fmfi
fi au`nt
`nt
efi pgrfwftfi f`fbn
 

EFDUF] _W\UFAF

_jjrwj \jgefrbj, \\., eaa. (Ge.). Muau Fkfr Nidgasn & _genftrn Urjpns. Gensn Ageuf.

Naftfi Ejatgr Fifa Niejigsnf (NEFN). Kfafrtf. =??316?>-6=6.

]fbpgihfi, U.C. _giyfant Nidgasn Urjpna pfef Fifa Gensn =. GHL. Kfafrtf. =??31518>-
38.
Cfsfi,].=??7. Muau
Cfsfi,].=??7. Muau Au`nfc = N`bu Agsgcftfi Fifa . Kfafrtf ; Mfhnfi N`bu Agsgcftfi

Fifa Dfau`tfs Winvgrsntfs Niejigsnf.

Xjih, E.@. =??<. _gejbfi

=??<. _gejbfi A`nins Agpgrfwftfi
Agpgrfwftfi _genftrna. Kfafrtf;
_genftrna. Kfafrtf; GHL.

Cnefyft, Fznz F`nbu` F. =??3. _gihfitfr

=??3. _gihfitfr N`bu Agpgrfwftfi Fifa . Kfafrtf ; \f`gbmf
Bgenaf.

Fif, Mjbf. =?6=.  Fsucfi Agpgrfwftfi _fef _giyfant Lfbpfa .

cttp;//mjbbffiicf.m`jhspjt.lj.ne/=?6=/?</fsucfi-agpgrfwftfi-pfef-pgiyfant-

lfbpfa.ctb` (Enfasgs
lfbpfa.ctb` (Enfasgs =? \gptgbmgr =?67)
 

]fsyne, Fmu. =?6<.  Fsagp Fifa Egihfi Bjrmn`n.

Bjrmn`n.
cttp;//fsucfiagpgrfwftfiagsgcftfi.m`jhspjt.lj.ne/=?6</?=/fsagp-fifa-egihfi-
bjrmn`n.ctb` (Enfasgs
bjrmn`n.ctb` (Enfasgs =? \gptgbmgr =?67)