UEBQ2133

MEASUREMENT OF CIVIL AND

INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS
MyCESMM Class H: Piling Work

TOPIC 4 : PILING
by
azwani@utar.edu.my
Ms. Ibtisam Azwani Room 46, zone 2,
level 8

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 CLASS H
PILING WORK

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 Pile
INTRODUCTION

 Piling used to support the building.

 Its function is to transfer the building load

from the foundation to the layer of soil which
is strong enough to bear the load of the
building.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 INTRODUCTION

Depending on the soil and the load, piles will be

driven to certain depths for friction piles or until
set for end-bearing piles.

Under such circumstances, depth of penetration

normally varies from location to location, and can be
unpredictable, depending on the profile of the hard
stratum within the site

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 13 TYPES OF PILES in MyCeSMM2
Bored piles

 Driven cast in situ concrete piles
 Barrette piles
 Precast reinforced concrete piles
 Caisson piles
 Precast prestressed concrete piles

 Micropiles  Timber piles

 Precast prestressed
concrete sheet piles
● Precast concrete sheet piles
 Steel H-piles  Interlocking steel
 Steel pipe piles sheet piles

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 H21* BORED PILES
http://www.keller.com.au/solutions/techniques/bored-piles

• Bored piling is a method that

involves boring a circular hole
into the ground, installing
steel reinforcement and
filling the bore hole with
concrete

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 H22*: DRIVEN CAST IN-SITU
• Same as bored piles, but driven cast
in situ used required permanent pile
casing

• Pile casing is then driven into the soil.

• Reinforcement cage is then lowered

into the pile core.

• Concrete Pouring

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H22*: DRIVEN
GENERAL RULES CAST IN-SITU
(cont.)

Similar to bored piles, and the measurement rules,

caverage rules, and additional description rules for bored
pile also applicable here.

REFER MyCeSMM2 coverage rule C11 – permanent

casing

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H23*: BARRETTE PILES
• Barrette pile is similar to
bored pile but with a
smaller diameter and are
made from piles of
rectangular section

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H23*:
GENERAL BARRETTE
RULES PILES
(cont.)

Similar to bored piles, and the measurement rules,

caverage rules, and additional description rules for bored
pile also applicable here.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H24*: CAISSON PILES
Caisson piles are similar to bored piles, except
that the diameter is much larger and the materials
within the caisson are normally excavated by hand or
a mini excavator

Normally use in the construction of bridge piers &

other structures that require foundation beneath
rivers & other bodies of water.
It is a prefabricated hollow box or cylinder

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H24*:
GENERAL CAISSON
RULES PILES
(cont.)

caissons

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H25*.MICROPILE
• Deep foundation constructed
using high strength
normally sizes ranging from
100mm to 350mm diameter
(micro size)

• Normally useful at sites with

difficult or restricted access,
or with environmental
sensitivity

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H26*.PRECAST REINFORCED
CONCRETE PILE

• The precast concrete

piles are cast and cured
in a casting yard and
then transported to
the site for driving
• Generally in square in
cross section

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H27*.PRECAST PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE PILES
• Usually circular in shape
and is circularly hollow in
the middle

• Similar to precast, except

is prestressed for better
durability and greater
flexural strength.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H28*. STEEL H-PILE
• It withstand large impact
stresses

• Their durability also make

these steel columns perfect
for applications in areas which
are prone to earthquakes or
other natural disasters.

• More expensive than concrete

and timber

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 H31*. STEEL PIPE PILE
• Normally used in deep
foundations to transfer the
structure load to rock
formation or to stronger soil
conditions deep beneath the
ground

• The rules are similar to steel

H-piles, except that the pile is
in tubular form and may
require concrete infill

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 H32*. TIMBER PILE

Lighter nature of the

material, light-weight
facility
May not be suitable
for heavier loaded
structure

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 H33*, H34*, H35*. SHEET PILE & INTERLOCKING
SHEET PILE
• Permanent structures as
embankment for roadway,
railway, river, coastal
protection, harbor,
cofferdams etc.

• To provide earth retention

as retaining wall

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 GENERAL MEASUREMENT RULES
M1

Bored and driven piles shall be measured along

the axes of the piles from the commencing
surface to :
Toe level of bored pile
The bottom of the casings of driven cast in situ
piles

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 GENERAL MEASUREMENT RULES
M2
****that means : The commencing
surface adopted in the preparation of Bill
of Quantities is surface at which boring
or driving is expected to begin…NOT the
level where the piling rigs (plants)
operate.
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 GENERAL MEASUREMENT RULES

M3

For each group item for piles to be

driven shall comprise:
Item for the total supply number of pile
points of state length
Total DEPTH DRIVEN
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 GENERAL MEASUREMENT RULES

M4
Depth driven shall be measured from
the cut-off level to the toe level
M5
The concrete lengths of cast in place
concrete piles shall be measured from
the cut-off level to the toe levels.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 CATEGORIES
GENERAL RULES (cont.)

 BROADLY, the categories under FIRST

DIVISION of Class H of MyCESMM are:

 (1) plant and equipment

(2,3) Piles comprising of: (REFER NEXT
SLIDE)
(4) Miscellaneous work ( eg. Excavation
through obstruction
(5,6) Pile test

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

H100 : PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

This category refers to the provision of plant and

equipment to be provided by the contractor for the
execution of the work.

Generally, the piling plant and equipment provided by the

contractor shall be capable of installing the piles speedily
and efficiently for the specified types, sizes, length, and
moving and handling within the site and from the site.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 GENERALH110:
RULESPROVISION
(cont.)

Provision shall comprise:

All necessary plant and equipment

Transportation to site
Handling and assembling
Removal off site after completion operation

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H110: PROVISION

For each type of piling, the works are

Sample description:

Provision of all necessary piling plant and equipment,

transportation to the Site, handling, assembling, and removal off
the Site after completion of operation.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H120: MOVING AND HANDLING

Sample description:

Moving and handling of all piling plant and equipment within the Site
and from location to location as often as is, and whenever necessary
for the execution of the whole piling operation.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H130: TEMPORARY STAGING

Shall be allowed for the proper placing of

the piling plant and equipment where piling
is required in rivers or streams and in
waterlogged areas.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H130: TEMPORARY STAGING

Sample description:

Temporary staging for piling work at the bank of Sg. Pahang

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

H21* : BORED PILES

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 GENERALH21*:
RULESBORED PILES
(cont.)

Commonly used as foundation to support

heavily loaded structures such as BRIDGES.

Low noise, low vibration and flexibility of

size selection to suit different loading
conditions.

Useful in urban areas.

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H21*: BORED PILES (MEASUREMENT RULES)
M6
Each group of items for bored piles, barrette pile, driven cast in
situ concrete piles, and caisson piles shall comprise Write
in
a)Anitem for the total depth bored or total depth driven or taking
total depth excavated, stating total number of pile points, off as
and header
b)An item for the total concreted length of piles

Therefore, different size of piles or diameter shall be

measure separately, e.g 350mm and 400mm measured in
different group of taking off
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 TAKING OFF LIST – BORED PILES

BORED PILE (refer 3rd division)

1. Provision-H110 - sum
2. Moving and handling-H120 – sum
3. Temporary staging – H130 – sum (only at riverbank)
Size of pile (300mm) If different size, measure
1. Depth bored - H211 - m separately in different
group – M6 and A10
2. Boring through rock (if any) – H212 - m
3. Permanent casing (if any)-H213 - m
4. Reinforcement straight bar nominal diameter not exceeding 20mm -
H214 -tonne
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 TAKING OFF LIST-BORED PILES

BORED PILE (refer 3rd division)

Size of pile (300mm)
5. Reinforcement straight bar nominal diameter exceeding 20mm
H214 -tonne
6. Reinforcement helical bar - H215 -tonne
7. Concreted length - H216 - m
8. Cut-off piles –H217 – nr
9. Preparing head – H218 - nr
10. Testing-H510 - nr

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 M6 & A 10 -

H2*1: BORED PILES – depth bored or

Different
diameter,
driven - m different set of
taking off
H2*1 : depth bored or driven
• A10 – Item description for bored, cast in place, barrete piles and caisson
piles shall state the diameter
•A11 – item description for bored piles shall state contiguous bored piles
where applicable
M1
Bored and driven piles shall be measured along the axes of the piles from the
commencing surface to :
 Toe level of bored pile
 The bottom of the casings of driven cast in situ piles
•( refer to figure H1 next slide)

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

H2*1: BORED PILES – depth bored or
driven - m

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 Commencing surface

Bored Depth

Toe Level/bottom
driven

HOW TO MEASURE DEPTH BORED/DRIVEN

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
H2*2: BORED PILES – boring through rock -
m
H2*2 : boring through rock (if applicable, predetermine
during S.I)
• C10 – items for boring and excavation through rock shall be deemed
to include natural and artificial hard materials including backfilling
bore with stated material
Natural and hard
material measure
once only as one item

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 Commencing surface

Bored Depth

Rock
Toe Level/bottom
driven
HOW TO MEASURE BORING THROUGH ROCK
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
H2*3: BORED PILES – permanent casing-
m
H2*3 : permanent casing (if applicable or stated in
drawing)
•D1 – Usually permanent steel casing classified as driven cast in-situ
piles where the piles are designed for the load to be carried on the
concrete
•A12 – in description for permanent casings, state materials,
thickness and details of treatments and coating

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 M7 –Measurement rules

Permanent
Permanent casing for
casing for bored pile
driven cast in
situ

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

H2*4: BORED PILES – reinforcement
straight bars-t
H2*4 : reinforcement straight bars
• A7 – item description for reinforcement shall state
materials and grade including identifying straight or helical
and nominal diameter to be stated as not exceeding 20mm
and exceeding 20mm
•The unit for reinforcement is in tonne as normally in civil
engineering works involves with large amount of rebar. The
unit tonne shall be up to two decimal places. ( M15-Class I)

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 HOW TO MEASURE MAIN BAR
c)Bend – for example
Commencing surface 200mm bend
• State down the material, kind and
size of bar in description as
Cut off b) Lap - example
additional information in lap is 1m
description pile level

Length of main bar =

a) 10Y25
a)Concrete depth deduct concrete Concrete
cover (17.50-0.05) length
b)lap = 1.00m Depth =
c)Bend = 0.20m say,
17.50m
Length of bar is= 17.50- Concrete cover –
Toe level example 50mm
0.05+1.00+0.20 = 18.65m
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 HOW TO MEASURE MAIN BAR Main bar
10Y25

Total quantity of bar = Length of main bar x No of bar x

weightage

Example : 18.65m x 10 x 3.854kg/m

= 718.77kg (convert to tonne)

= 0.72tonne

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

H2*5: BORED PILES – reinforcement
helical bars - t
H2*5 : reinforcement helical bars
• A7 – item description for reinforcement shall state
materials and grade including identifying straight or
helical and nominal diameter to be stated as not
exceeding 20mm and exceeding 20mm
•The unit for reinforcement is in tonne as normally
in civil engineering works involves with large amount
of rebar. The unit tonne shall be up to two decimal
places. ( M15-Class I)
Ms. Ibtisam Azwani
HOW TO MEASURE HELICAL BAR

a) Length of helical bar in one cycle

(L) = (H)² +(2∏r)²

12Y12 – 450
H = pitch (spacing/centre to
centre)

2∏r = circumference of the

bored piles

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 HOW TO MEASURE HELICAL BAR
12Y12 – 450
H = 450mm (pitch), diameter 300mm,
radius = 150mm (ddt concrete cover say 50mm)

a) Length of helical bar in one cycle

L = (H)² + (2∏r)²

L = (0.45)² + ((2 x∏x (0.15-0.05))²

L = 0.7728m

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 HOW TO MEASURE HELICAL BAR
12Y12 – 450 Cut off
H = 450mm (pitch) pile level
b) no of bar
17.50 – 0.05-0.05 + 1
0.45
17.50 = 40 numbers

c) Total helical length = 0.773m x

40no x 0.888kg/m
Concrete cover –
example 50mm
Toe level = 27.45kg ( convert to tonne)
= 0.03tonne
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 H2*6: BORED PILES – concrete length - m
H2*6 : concrete length
•M5- the concreted length of cast in place concrete piles
shall be measured from the cut-off level to the toe
levels
In description for concreted length, shall state when
required particular method of concrete placement,
concrete grade, poured at a stated speed, temperature,
compacted or cured in a particular method. (A13)

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

HOW TO MEASURE CONCRETED LENGTH –M5

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 Method of concrete
placement eg, TREMIE
PIPE (A13)

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

H2*7: BORED PILES – cut-off piles- nr
H2*7 : cut-off piles
Measure how many number of pile point. 1 pile point will have
1 cut off piles

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

 H2*8: BORED PILES – preparing head-nr
H2*8 : preparing head
C6- items for preparing heads shall be deemed to
include pile plug, starter bars, steel plate and welding
works.

Note: Quantity of preparing pile head same with

quantity of cut-off point.

Ms. Ibtisam Azwani

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 PILE TEST
A27 - Item description for
static load test ONLY shall
state the test working load

A28 - Item description for

pile test shall identify those
which are for preliminary
piles ( if stated in drawing or
specification)

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 Testing description
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION

Pile test, initial static load test on 900mm diameter bored

pile up to two times working load of 16,000kN

Pile test, subsequent static load test on 900mm diameter

bored pile up to two times working load of 16,000kN ( test
load of 32,000kN

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

H26* : PRECAST
REINFORCED
CONCRETE PILES

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE
PILES

Jointing in
number
(nr)

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE
PILES (GENERAL RULES)

 The usual sizes for piles are 3.00m, 6.00m, 9.00m

and 12.00m (stated in drawing/general note).

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H26*: PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES
(MEASUREMENT RULES)
M12
Each group of items for precast reinforced and precast
prestressed concrete piles shall comprise Write
in
a)One or more items for the number of supply piles of stated taking
length, and off as
b)An item for the total depth driven header

Therefore, different size of piles shall be measure

separately, e.g 300mm and 400mm measured in different
group of taking off
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 TAKING OFF LIST- PRECAST
REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES
PRECAST PILE (All provisional)
1. Provision – H110 - sum
2. Moving and handling-H120 –sum
3. Temporary staging – H130 – sum (only at riverbank)
Size of pile (300mm x 300mm) If different size, measure
separately in different
1. Supply - Initial pile –H261.1 - nr group – M12 and A8
2. Supply –extension pile –H261.2 - nr
3. Depth driven – H262 - m
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 TAKING OFF LIST- PRECAST
REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES
6. Pre-boring ( if any) –H263 - m
7. Jointing –H264 - nr
8. Filling hollow piles with concrete (if any) -H265 - m
9. Cut off piles -H266 – nr
10. Preparing head – H267 - nr
11. Testing-H510 - nr

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

H261- PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES
SUPPLY- INITIAL @ EXTENSION PILES- nr

H261-Supply length
A4- Shall identify in description initial or extension piles.
Detail for driving head and shoe shall be so stated in
description

A8- Description for supply of pile shall state the cross

sectional type or diameter, length, concrete grade, class of
piles, detail of treatment and coating and working load,
where jack-in method expressly required.
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
H261- PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES
SUPPLY- INITIAL @ EXTENSION PILES- nr

Initial pile
Extension pile

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

Commencing surface CL= 35.00
Cut off piles (600mm)

Supply length =
35.00 – 15.00 =
Depth driven
20.00m

Toe Level
TL= 15.00

0.00

HOW TO MEASURE SUPPLY LENGTH

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
Commencing surface CL = 35.00
Cut off piles (600mm)

6.00
Supply length =
35.00 – 15.00 =
6.00

Depth driven
20.00m
9.00

Toe Level
TL = 15.00
Example
Supply length for initial pile used 9.00m long
Supply length for extension pile used 6.00 long

HOW TO MEASURE SUPPLY LENGTH

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
H261- PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES
SUPPLY- INITIAL @ EXTENSION PILES- nr

1. H261.1 – Supply initial pile of 9m length – 1nr

2. H261.2 Supply extension pile of 6m length – 2nr

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H262- PRECAST REINFORCED
CONCRETE PILES- DEPTH DRIVEN - m
The total DEPTH DRIVEN of piles is
given in meter linear and measured
from the Cut-off level to the toe
level (M4).

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

Commencing surface 35.00
Cut off piles (600mm)

Depth driven =
35.00 – 15.00 Supply length
– 0.60 =
19.40m
Toe Level
15.00

0.00

HOW TO MEASURE DEPTH DRIVEN

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 H263- PRECAST REINFORCED
CONCRETE PILES- PRE BORING- m
If stated in drawing that pre-boring
is required, then the depth will be
same as the DEPTH DRIVEN of piles
and given in meter linear and
measured from the Cut-off level to
the toe level (M4).

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H264- PRECAST REINFORCED
CONCRETE PILES- JOINTING - nr

A9 – item description for jointings shall

state type, method and detail of jointing
required

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
Commencing surface 35.00
Cut off piles (600mm)

6.00
Supply length =
35.00 – 15.00 =
6.00

Depth driven
20.00m
9.00
9.00

Toe Level
15.00
Example
Supply length for initial pile used 9.00m long
Supply length for extention pile used 6.00 long

HOW TO MEASURE JOINTING

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 H265- PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES-
FILLING HOLLOW PILES WITH CONCRETE- M
If specify in drawing, filling hollow piles with concrete
measure in length (m) following the depth driven length.
This item usually occurred in precast prestressed concrete
piles which usually circular in shape and is circularly hollow
in the middle.

A16- Item description for filling hollow piles with

concrete shall state the concrete specification and
reinforcement

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 H266- PRECAST REINFORCED
CONCRETE PILES- CUT OFF PILES- nr
•When piles are already set,
the tops of piles will be cut-
off to the required levels, and
the work is given in number

•Measure how many number

of pile point. 1 pile point will
have 1 cut off pile
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 H267- PRECAST REINFORCED
CONCRETE PILES- PREPARING HEAD - nr

C6- items for preparing heads

shall be deemed to include pile
plug, starter bars, steel plate
and welding works.

Note: Quantity of preparing pile

head same with quantity of cut-
off point.
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI
 PILE TEST
A27 - Item description for
static load test ONLY shall
state the test working load

A28 - Item description for

pile test shall identify those
which are for preliminary
piles ( if stated in drawing or
specification)

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 Testing description
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION

Pile test, initial static load test on 300mm x 300mm

precast reinforced concrete pile up to two times working
load of 16,000kN
Pile test, subsequent static load test on 300mm x 300mm
precast reinforced concrete pile up to two times working
load of 16,000kN ( test load of 32,000kN

MS. IBTISAM AZWANI

 Email me if any enquiry
azwani@utar.edu.my
MS. IBTISAM AZWANI