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Lectures on Quantum Probability

Article · January 2000

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Alexander Chebotarev
Lomonosov Moscow State University
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 A.M.Chebotarev
LECTURES ON QUANTUM PROBABILITY
SOCIEDAD MATEMATICA MEXICANA 2000
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Classical and quantum events 1
1.2 Violation of Bell's inequality 4
1.3 Violation of the triangle inequality 7
1.4 Violation of partial order by a convex map 8
1.5 Parallelism between quantum and classical probability theories 8
2 Probabilities and mean values in QP 17
2.1 States and observables 17
2.2 Probability measures generated by states 22
2.3 Tensor product and partial trace 25
2.4 Creation and annihilation operators in l2 27
2.5 Canonical unitary isomorphism 29
2.6 Example 32
2.7 Exercises 36
3 Evolution equations 39
3.1 Evolution of states and observables 39
3.2 Equivalent characterizations of CP-maps 42
3.3 Master Markov equation 48
3.4 Examples of solvable master equations 56
3.5 Perron-Frobenius theorem for CP-maps 60
3.6 Appendix 63
4 Conditional complete positivity 67
4.1 Characterization of CCP-maps 67
4.2 Nonuniqueness of coefficients of a CCP-map 70
4.3 Integral form of MME 72
4.4 Equation XG + G*X + λX = B 76
4.5 Exercises 80
5 Minimal solution of MME 81
5.1 Domain assumptions 81
5.2 Continuity properties 83
5.3 A priori bounds and continuity property 86
5.4 Semigroup property of the minimal solution 91
5.5 Domain of the minimal infinitesimal map 92
5.6 Exercises 101
6 Nonexplosion conditions for MME 103
6.1 Nonexplosion conditions for a minimal QDS 103
6.2 Range of the minimal resolvent 110
6.3 Conservation rules for QDS 115
6.4 Conservative extensions of QDS 122
6.5 Conditions sufficient for explosion 125
6.6 Exercises and open problems 127
7 Sufficient nonexplosion conditions 129
7.1 Jensen inequalities for CP-maps 129
7.2 Regularization of self- adjoint operators 134
7.3 Nonexplosion criteria 137
7.4 Resolvent analysis of conservativity 139
7.5 Appendix 145
7.6 Exercises 147
8 Applications to Markov processes 149
8.1 Jensen inequalities for expectations 149
8.2 Regular Markov jump processes 151
8.3 Normal distribution of jumps 155
8.4 Cauchy distribution of jumps 157
8.5 Representation of Feynman integrals 159
8.6 Regularity of the Azema-Emery process 162
8.7 Nonexplosion criteria for diffusion 164
8.8 Exercises 167
9 Evolution in operator algebras 169
9.1 Characterization of self-adjointness 169
9.2 Two-level atoms interacting with field 177
9.3 A model for heavy ion collision 180
9.4 Pauli processes in l2 182
9.5 Exercises and open problems 182
10 Quantum stochastic processes 187
10.1 Diffusion process and random shifts 187
10.2 Fock space arid annihilation operators 190
10.3 Quantum extension of the Wiener process 196
10.4 Number process in Fock space 198
10.5 Noncommutative Ito multiplication table 201
10.6 Adapted operators and definition of QSDE 205
11 Quantum stochastic differential equations 209
11.1 Example of a solvable QSDE 209
11.2 Example of the strong resolvent limit 217
11.3 QSDE in ω-representation 219
11.4 Ito and Stratonovich forms of QSDE 225
11.5 QSDE as a strong resolvent limit 234
11.6 Exercises and open problems 242
12 Symmetric quantum boundary value problem 243
12.1 Fock building 243
12.2 Symmetric boundary value problem 246
12.3 Localization of solutions 256
12.4 Nonexplosion conditions 260
12.5 Derivation of QSDE and MME 265
12.6 Construction of self-adjoint extensions 268
12.7 Open problems 270

Index
A G
adapted operator, 205 graphic norm, 31
adapted stochastic integral, 229 Green's formula, 271
annihilation operator, 27 H
annihilation process, 194 Heisenberg picture, 40
B Hermitian operator, 18
Baker-Hausdorff rule, 28 I
Bell inequality, 5 indicator function, 2, 23
boson Fock space, 191 isometry, 20
C J
Carleman condition, 177 Jordan product, 48
CCP-map, 67 K
chamber-adapted operator, 244 Kadison inequality, 43
chaos expansion, 196 M
closable operator, 30 master Markov equation, 48, 51
closed operator, 20 maximal algebra IQ , 110
coherent vector, 27, 191 mixed state, 18
compatibility conditions, 81 MME, 9, 48
complete positive map, 41 monotone map, 134
conditional expectation, 26 N
conservative semigroup, 40 nonstandard generator, 76
contractive map, 41 normal operator, 20
core, 31, 148 normal state, 18
core of CPn-map, 47 number process, 198
creation operator, 27 O
creation process, 194 observable, 18
D order of chambers, 259
D-extension, 171 P
domain assumptions, 73 parameters of Markov jump process,
domain of adjoint operator, 18 151
E partial trace, 25
empty chamber, 244 polar decomposition, 20
essential domain, 31, 148 polarization identity, 19, 37
expectation, 23 positive map, 42
exponential vector, 27, 191 positive state, 18
F pure state, 18
fermion Fock space, 191 Q
Fock building, 244 QSDE, 12
Fock chamber, 244 quantum dynamical semigroup, 41
Fock vector, 190 quantum probability space, 3
 R standard QDS, 76
representation of a normal state, 18 state, 2, 18
resolution of identity, 19 Stinespring theorem, 46
resolvent equation, 105 strong topology, 18
S submonotone map, 83, 134
σ-weak topology, 22 T
Schrodinger picture, 40 total subset, 191
semigroup property of regularization, trace-form, 141
134 U
spectral decomposition, 18 ultraweak topology, 40
spectral family, 2 W
standard chamber, 244 weak topology, 18
standard generator, 76 weak-* topology, 22
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