GRADED RECITATION

1. DEFINITION OF CULTURE
2. 4 TYPES OF CULTURE
Material Culture - Non-material Culture - Real Culture - Ideal Culture
3. WHAT IS MATERIAL AND NON-MATERIAL CULTURE?
Material Culture - from material culture we understand material and physical objects.
Non-material Culture - we include non-material objects.
4. WHAT IS REAL AND IDEAL CULTURE?
Real Culture - which can be observed in social life
Ideal Culture - which is presented as a pattern to the people is called the ideal culture
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
• Learned
• Shared
• Transmitted
• Changing
6. WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR?
- it shapes our moral behavior
- it gives unity to the people in the society
- it influences our perception of what is right and wrong
7. EXPLAIN HOW CULTURE SHAPES OUR MORAL BEHAVIOR
Culture plays a big role in determining how an individual behaves in any given environment.
Some places, baring the breasts is seen as normal, while in some places it is forbidden. Some
places allow males and females to mingle freely in public places: others do not.
8. EXPLAIN CULTURE INFLUENCE OUR PERCEPTION OF WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG
- Some schools of thought believe that everyone has their own, ethics. This means what is
considered right or wrong depends on the time, place, and even the particular preferences or
practices of a group of people or individual person.
Normative ethics deals with how we should behave and live our lives, particularly when our
actions affect others.
9. CITE AN EXAMPLE WHY CULTURAL RELATIVISM IS NOT TENABLE IN ETHICS?
For instance, a Filipina has an American boyfriend. In their culture, premarital sex is
normal behavior for the vast majority of Americans and has been for decades. However, a
Filipina living in a Christian country, where it is considered as immoral, is under a dilemma of
choosing between giving the pleasure to her American boyfriend even if it is against her culture
and religion or not give him what he wants as a respect to her culture even if they could possibly
break up because of it.
10. WHAT IS CULTURAL RELATIVISM?
The view that ethical and social standards reflect the cultural context from which they are
derived.
11. INDIAN BEHAVIOR
Cooperation
Group Harmony
Modesty
Generosity
12. PAKISTAN BEHAVIOR
UNIQUENESS
DIVERSITY
13. CHINESE BEHAVIOR
They want to fulfill their own potential- like opting out of the catering business. And, stripped of
their traditional position, deprived of respect, abandoned and isolated.
14. POSITIVE FILIPINO BEHAVIOR
Close Kinship - Respect for Elders – Hospitality - Strong Faith in God -
Flexibility/Adaptability/Resiliency - Ingenuity and Creativity - Patience and Self-sacrifice - Hard
work and Industry - Fairness and Justice - Readiness to Share and Help
15. NEGATIVE FILIPINO BEHAVIOR
- Bahala na - Mamaya na - Ningas Kugon - Colonial Mentality – Patigasan
16. DEFINE THE WORD “MORAL”
Principles and values based on what a person or society believes are the right, proper or
acceptable ways of behaving.
17. DEFINE THE WORD “VALUES”
Moral Principles and beliefs that they think are important in life and that they tend to
live their lives by such values as guiding principles.
18. WHAT DOES MORAL AGENT MEANS?
- Is the agent expected to meet the demands of morality.
- A person who has the ability to discern right from wrong and to be held accountable for his/
her own action.
- Have moral responsibility not to cause harm.
- Can obey moral laws.
19. ENUMERATE THE 6 PILLARS OF CHARACTER
Trustworthiness – Respect – Responsibility – Fairness – Caring – Citizenship
20. ENUMERATE THE 3 LEVELS AND THE 6 STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
- Pre- Conventional
Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Instrumental Purpose and Exchange Orientation
- Conventional
Good boy /Nice girl Orientation
Law- and- order Orientation
- Post- Conventional
Social- Contact Orientation
Universal Ethical-Principles Orientation
21. WHAT IS UNDER PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1563 OR THE MENDICANCY LAW OF 1978?
Establishing an integrated system for the control and eradication of mendicancy,
providing penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes.
22. EXPLAIN THE STATEMENT “FEELINGS AS INSTINCTIVE RESPONSE TO MORAL DILEMMAS “

- Some ethicist believe that ETHICS is a matter of emotion.

- Feelings are seen as also necessary in ethical judgements as they are even deemed as
instinctive and trained response to moral dilemmas.
- Reason and Emotions are not really opposites.
 - Both abstract inference and emotional intuitions or instincts are seen as having relative roles in
ethical thinking.
- Feelings or Emotion are said to be judgements about the accomplishment of one’s goal.
23. EXPLAIN THE STATEMENT “FEELINGS AS OBSTACLES TO MAKING THE RIGHT DECISIONS”
24. WHAT IS ETHICAL SUBJECTIVISM?
- Attitudes of each individual person determine right/wrong or good/bad.
- Anyone who calls something right/wrong is expressing a personal feeling, attitude or standard.
25. EXPLAIN WHY FEELINGS CAN HELP IN MAKING RIGHT DECISION
26. WHY ARE REASON AND IMPARTIALITY THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MORALITY?

27. ENUMERATE THE 7 STEP MORAL REASONING MODEL (IN ORDER)

- State or identify the problem
- Gathering and Assessing relevant facts in the case
- identifying the stakeholders
- develop a list of at least five options
- test the options
- make a tentative choice based
- make the final choice
28. WHAT DOES MORAL COURAGE MEANS?
doing the right thing even at the risk of inconvenience, ridicule, punishment, loss of job or
security or social status, etc.
29. GIVE A SCENARIO WHERE WE CAN SEE A MORAL COURAGE
Helping someone push a car out of a snowbank, even if it means being late
standing up to a bully on the playground
picking up litter
doing homework or chores without being reminded
Reporting a crime
Turning in a toy or a wallet to the Lost and Found
30. GIVE A SCENARIO WHERE WE CAN SEE A LACK OF MORAL COURAGE
Walking away from someone in need
taking more than your fair share
laughing at someone’s misfortune oraccident
grabbing the spotlight from someone whohas earned it
Breaking a promise
lying or cheating
31. WHAT SHOULD WE DO TO DEVELOP OUR WILL?
Develop and practice self-discipline.
Do mental strength training.
Draw inspiration from people of great courage.
Repeatedly do acts that exhibit moral courage and will.
Avoid deeds that show lack of moral courage and will.
32. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTIVE METHODS TO DO MENTAL STRENGHT TRAINING?
Don’t open the internet for a day or two.
Drink water or juice, in spite of your desire to have a beer or liquor.
Avoid chatting with your gossipy friend.
For a week, go to sleep one hour earlier than usual.
Resist the desire to gamble.
33. WHAT IS VIRTUE?
Virtue or also called Arete could be translated to “excellence”

A character trait – a disposition to be behave in a certain way

Virtue is more “general” in nature; it enables its possessor to evaluate things in an appropriate way so
that no one has – as a result of the virtue- right kinds of emotions, attitudes, desires, perceptions,
expectations, and sensibilities.

Virtue enables one to make right choices from the point of view of eudaimonia (flourish life)

34. TWO TYPES OR CATEGORIES OF VIRTUE

- INTELLECTUAL VIRTUE

- MORAL VIRTUE

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