7#

TUTORIAL 1

5 3

Ex i It 21-4-15 8 b) E 2x i (x i
2
l) 12 t 120
a) t
= .
- =

it

J i 2
-

20
✓
= -

=
132

* LINE CHART is more

used for 0.0762% ( Sff )
commonly →
time series data →

.
: : : :
÷. .

(35 f)
.

There were
consistently a
significantly higher number of new visitors that came from FB rather
& when the number
of
than Twitter across all 9 weeks Besides weeks 3 .
6 .

generally new visitors from FB

due tothe company paying for advertisements on

FB increased so did Twitter and vice versa This could . be
such as in week I , 5 and 8
,

FB & Twitter on the weeks that new viewership increased significantly , Although this bar .

which weeks had more new viewers and which social media gained more new viewers , it
chart is effective in telling us
the effectiveness of any targeted advertising on each of the social media platforms For
.

fails to show us specifically

in week 2 although the number of new Twitter viewers ( 19901 appears to be significantly less numerically
example ,

0.212% ( H f) increase in new viewership from

,

( 3550 ) there was actually a .

compared to the new viewers from Facebook done in week 1

advertising
,

Hence , should there have been any

Twitter compared to only 0 . 0762% from Facebook .

Twitter
the chart does not tho
w w that the advertisements on were
new viewership in week 2
that caused the ride in
,

that of Facebook
than
in fact more effective

=
| f÷ /
STEM ( ONES ) ( tenth ) LEAVE ( TENTH ) ( hundredth )

21 2689 ll l l 2233344555555555555667778888888 9 9 99 9
2
'

: : :* :#
: ::O: : : : : : : : :: : : : :: :: : :::: : :3:: : : .

3 4 44 4 4 44 444444 4 4
44 4466777 8
38 5

leaf method is very time hard to

analyse the data
The stem and consuming
-

- -
,

specify the oneth value

'

and does
'

not .
Meanwhile ,
I reduced the histogram intervals to O - I to get a more

well the 44 ents of the

specific indication of how
university doing
are .

yielded distribution with gaps from

However this , a
very jagged empty
classes .

Hem d leaf
I would suggest to pivot graph rather
than a
diagram
-

use
-

count as seen on the

'

to
'

or
histogram chart .

By changing
the
right column
left within
get a gauge of how students are
raving
. we can
many
range and how well majority of the otndenp are
doing
a GPA .

Both charts show a

negatively
-

skewed distribution This could be .

students with higher GPA

due to a
sampling process where many
le There are vom e
than selected into the vamp .

were
average
outliers in this vamp le
'

-
 FIGURE 1

Singaporeans living
On average in the North earn the
,

highest average income compared to those

living in the

This could also reflect higher

regions of
other
Singapore
.

regions compared
other to
unemployment 1 retirement in

income earned
the North
pulling
down the
average annual
the income
that region possibly why average
explaining
in ,

not
in the
significantly lower regions than the other
-

East is

just because the people have lower incomes but also they au

have the
highest of residents not earning salary
a
number
.

FIGURE 2

On average in the East

,
people living are

taller than that of other regions /

generally
they have people
who are significantly taller
the
than that
-

of other regions
,
pushing up
On the other hand people living in
average
,
.

shorter than that

the North are generally
who
of other regions they have people
than other legions
significantly shorter
,
are

the down While this

pulling average
.

elderlies
having
more
could be due to the North
to shrink when ageing
) or more
(who tend adult)
children (who are
uh 04h than generally
,

this is not the case as he nee

in
figure 4
the across the 4
regions
that average age
lol also be
it
pretty similar The .

disparity on

more girls compared

due to the North having many
be who Her However ,
boys who on average tend to
.

to ,

do not have evidence to a

overlain this guess
.

he
 FIGURE 3

On average in the eat are heavier

,
people
than those other regions This could be
of
.

the also
East
on
as people in are average

taller and hence have larger man ,

or

the easy
factors ouch
-

due to other a,

food stores arch

having more unhealthy
the
and hawker centres or
babble tea
,
as

nicer food that tempts people

east
having instead for opting for healthier
to out
eat
home -
cooked meal "

FIGURE 4

On average , most singaporeans across all

in their
regions are early forties .

-
 Based on the scatter plot , we see that there
the correlation
is indeed a
relatively Hong nega
between number of time open-1
on CCA and
grades .
Mrs Tan could recommend students to

upend only 3h a reek on CCA . as

any
more

than that i ' seem to reflect a drain drop

to
average of 89
an
in
grades from an average
at most 69.5 Holger , it is also
of 67.5 , .

one laths does not

important to note that
Andert who commit
the
equate to causation -

to CCA
see
loner
average
> Ih keek may
such their
other factors as
grades die to many
own discipline or
Omniit rents outside of aloof .

Vamp le of 20 students may not be

representative of the 4-hole ht population
°
.

°
talk about the outlier

other factors that affect

study
→ need more
thorough study
o a
TUTORIAL 2

164.0751
1st quartile 454in 3rd
quartile 84.45
-

median
61/5
-
.

(a)
-
,

64.28 ;
=
-

mean =
;

402-1--20.5
no need
1013=39.25
median position same as
-

- -

the median

the median is done to the mean ,

(b) The data does not vary drastically au

signifying there are no extreme outliers .

→ probably normally distributed

( Cl

use class interval to decide how

p bins to
-

split the data

many

* put units in title

( in minutes )

(d) Lower The .

histogram
is right skewed -
,
suggesting that
the median is s the mean .

o
presence of 3 very large numbers in the dataset → skewed
distribution with the mean pulled towards the large
numbers from the median
being
away

(a) (184211-11485)+(10×8) -116×711-(2×3)

23425
=

9.36 h
ily
=

( 9.3614
82=74/(6-9.36) (
( 42 9.3614-(80-9.36) 9.3612 36
'
-
t
t to
- -

( b) t
-

E. film E)
2

501.76
-

435.57 ( g- tf ) 02=7 -24=20.9067

=

=
4572
8=20.870 ( g- g.f) y ,

*
missed out this ! -
(a) mean
-
-

236.99g very minimal

close to the mean ,

only slightly vkewxedto the right
(b) 237g Median is very
.

233.2¥
50%
/ )
bottles 7273mi
(c) symmetrical
40% bottles seem ,

(d) Q1 :

03 : 244
IQR : 7.754

(a) mean 261.05

-

each shift !
-

find for
(b) variance
-
-
303.65155ft

Hamdard deviation -

-
17.426151ft

(c) Ol : 250.5

Q2 : 263

Qs : 271

IQR 20.5 :
 @ missing !

AGE WEIGHT
-
HEIGHT -

(a) Mean 42.28

-

-
¥79.54 Mean -
-
88.98
VAV 318.65151ft var 168.98151 .fi
-

(b) Van 204.6015J .FI

- -

8=17.851151 .FI 8=13 .

000151ft
0=14.304155 .FI

No ,

w
we need to use
cvcwefticientfrarianoel.IE )
they cannot be used to
compare authennitf measurement are different
TUTORIAL 3

PIX > I n XL 4 )
(x
-

( b) P 11×141
> =

PIX 21101 Pl 1) t PH 2) p(xL4 )

-

(a)
-

=
0.2 t 0.5

0.5
=
0.7
-

O -
2-10.5

0-50.7
=

±
= 7

=
0.71430 ( 50 fl y
-

x Y
O 15
-

" "" o . .

Let Pliny ) bet .

0.60-10.75 - X =
0.85

X =
0.5

Pliny 1=0-5

both projects is 0.5

i.
possibility he will
get .

(b) NO . PLA AB ) -

-
0.5=10 .

(c) Plan B) =
0.5

PLA ) XP ( B ) =
0.45

0.570.45

reason is that both projects require

the same hill vets .

i. Not independent A possible .

(d) PC YI XI =
P(Y
PIX )
O - 5
= -

O .
6

= I
6

=
0.833333 ( 55 f ) .
-

Pliny )
(e) P ( x ly ) =
-

Pl 'll

0.5
=
-

0.75

I
=

15

( 5J f)
=
0.06667 .
 (4) ( 13 )

is drawn be k
let the event that a
king
.

Let the event that a is drawn be s

spade
.

3152
'
4/52 152
'

P ( K ) t P ( ) t
-

s =

=
4/13
=
O .
30769 ( 50 f) .

⇐
0.6
Robert received FYB

0.4 stocks
up €
(
0.4 Robert did not receive FYB

0.6 stocks + Robert received MB

up

0.6 Robert did not receive FYB

P ( Hooks up 1 Robert received FY B )

=p(H0cksupnR0bertreceivedF
P ( Robert received FY B )

plrtocksupnkobertreceivedt.fr
=

CHOCKS up n Robert received FY B) t P ( stocks tupn Robert received FY B )

=
I
2

= 0.5
 Graduate
Beginner / o -
62

0.73 \

-
Dropout
O - 38

\ Transferring
0.27 L
Graduate
0-78

Drop out

0.22

(a) Pl
Begg inner that
eventually graduated =
o -

73×0.62

0.45264
=

(b)
Plgvaduate) ( O
73×0.6271-(0.27×0.78)
=
-

0.05711
=

( C) P (
begg inner graduate
, or both ) =
(073×0.62)+(0.73×0.38) -110.27×0-78 )

0.9406
=

°'H
(d) Pltvanrferuthdentl graduated )
=

0.657

=
0.32055 ( 58 .
f) y

( e) P
=
( 0.73×0.62102+(0.73×0.38) 't (0.27×0.78)
-

t ( 0.27×0.2212
0.3296815 't ) "
!anmnµµyif
=

m
.

events are "*EPE"Dt

TUTORIAL 4

(a) ElH=8(xplxl ]
( OXO 1) 1- ( 1×0.21+(2×0.35) (3×0.16)+(4×0.12) (5×0-07)
=
- -1 -1

O 48
=

0 t 0.2 t 0.7 t -
t 0.48 t 0.35

=
2.21 '
l

(b) Varix ) SICK pull

-

Elk ) )
-

- -

'
( O 35 ) -113 2.2112 ( O 16 ) t ( 4-2-21/2 ( 0.12 ) 1- ( 5 2.2112 ( 0.07 )
2-2.21 )
-

( 2) t (
'

( )
-

2.2112 ( 0.1 ) t 2.21 O

-

I
-
=
( O -
-
.

015435 099856
t 0.384492 t 0.544887
=
0.48841 + o . 29282 t o -
t O -

=
1.8259 ( 51ft

Holder
f-
=

1. 8259

1.3513 ( 5J f) y
=
-

The total salary ( Slc ) of

the
salesperson is
estimated as follows :

(c)

$C= $250 -151300K

sold that week

Where Xiu the number f- Cavs .

Mean
salary Elatbx ) 250+30012.21 )
-

: -

$91311
=

Var ( att b) =
b' 62

( 3001211.351312
=

=
164341.05 ( 2d.pl

Holder -
-
¥41.05
=
$405.40124 ply -

1000-250
(d)
round upto nearest whole )
-300--3 (
no .

PLXZS ) =
I -

fPlX=01tP( x
-
-
1) tPlx=2 ) )
=
I -
(0.1-10.2+0.35)

0.35
=
'
l
 < 6

0.045

Let x be the number of people whouhowed up for their

flight .

PIUHOW up ) l
-

0.2
- -

0.8
=

(9)
Gvhownp when 9 tickets sold :
906×10.816×(0.213--0.1762144)
7- 9
Ct (
7 2
8)
it :
x
O -
X ( O -
2) =
0.3020145 f ) .
-

8 '

8 : 9cg x ( O 8)-
x ( O . 2)
=
0.302014J f ) -

9
q n : 9cg X
( O -

8) =
0.1342 ( 4Jrf )

°
(b )
" "
Cb ( (O
fuhow when 10
tickets 0014 8) )
X O X -2 0.0880814ft
up
: - =

"
7- it :
Ct x ( 0.8 )
t 3
0.2013141 f )
( O
=
x 2)
-

2
8
( O 8) (
ID

8 11 : (g x -
x O . 2) =
0.3020145ft

"
9
(
'
0.2 )
9 n : (g X O -

8) x ( =
0.2684141 f) -

" "
( 10 X ( 0.8 ) 0.107414 , .f)
(O
=
:
u

( c)
 where breaks down be x
Let a car
the event
.

(a) Plxs 2) =
PH -
o ) -1 PIX -_
I )
= O -
0407ft 0.1304 ( 40 .
f)
-

17116
=
O .
' l

l 14 )
( b) P ( x > 4) =
( x
-

=
I -

[ PIX =
4) t p ( x
-

3) t P ( X
-

-
2 ) t PCX =L ) t p ( x
-

-
O ) )
=

I -
( 0.17g It 0.2226 t o . 2087 t O - 1304 t O -
04076 ) ( 4J f )
-

0.21944
=
'
l
 I

/
(A) P ( X -
- O ) =

0.07+0.07-10.06+0.02 ( b) P (4--0)=0-07 -10-09+0.06+0.01

=
0.22 =
0.23

P (x )
=L
0.09-10-06-10.07
=

-10.04
Pl 4=1 ) =
O -
07-10.061-0.07-10.01
=

0.26
=
0.21

" "" " " " " "" " " "
""" " "" "" "

:
"

"

P (x )
=3
0.01+0.01+0.03-10.04
=

P( 4=3 )
=
0.02 to 04
16+0.04--0.09
.
to .

=
0.26

E. (x) 010.22) l ( O 2b ) -1210.43 ) -1310.09 )

-

t
-

ELY ) 010.23 ) -1110

-

Ll ) t2(
=

O 3) t 310.26 )
-

=
1.59 y
=
1.39 y

O 01
(c) PLX 314--1 )
-
-
-
-
-
-

0.07 -10.06+0-07-10.01

0.047619 ( 4dif )
=

it
(A)

i#t
No -

of service complains ( x )
No -

f- foodcomplains #

( y) O l 2 3 TOTAL

o
O -
0216 O -
0456 0.0408 O - 012 O -
12

3 0.0306 0.0646 0.0578 0.017 O -

17
#

TOTAL 0.18 0.38 0.34 O - l l

Play )=PlX=xny=y )

( b) Efx )
-
-
Expxcxl

( 0×0.181+11×0.38 )
-1-(2×0.34) -113×0
=

- l )
=
1.36

Ely )= Eypyly )
=
( 0×0.12) 1-
(1×0.29)+(2×0.42) + (3×0-17)

1.64
=

Elxty ) =L -
36-11.64

=
3
y

Var 1×1=8×2 pcxlx

'

-
CECH )

0210.18 It 1210.38 ) -12210.34 ) ( 1.36 )

2=0.7904
-

)
=
+ 3 ( O -
t -

VAVCY )
'

Eyzplyly ( Ely ) )
-

- -

=
O' ( 0.12 ) -1140.2g ) -1240.42 ) -1340.17 ) ( 1.6412
-

0.8104
=

vanity ) 0.7904+0.8104
-

1.600811
=
TUTORIAL 5

f- ( x )
A)

"

o ÷ .
'
i
is
'

z
. x
r

b) full for all Values

70
f. x .

Area under graph : Ex 2×1=1 → : .

fallxflxldx -
-
I
,

C) Plo hi
. s x s i. 5)
=
I
-

[ Ctx 0.5×0.51×2 ]
=
0.7511
,
 Let Xbethetimeautndent upends with the prof .

= 10

A = 0.1 /
- ( 20710.1 )
A) XL 201 I e
PC
-
=

= 0.8647 ( 4S f ) .
-

b) pl x > 5) =
I -
PCXE 51

(5) CO 1) -

[
-

=
I - I -
e g

=
0.6065 ( 4S f )
-

-
(O - 1) ( 107 -
10-111151
C) P ( LOL X L 15 ) =
e .
q

=
0.1447 ( 4S -
fly

-
Let the time for a service call bex .
2=×
X n N ( 60.102 )

A) PC X 770 ) = I -
PCXE 70 )

=
I -

p ( z ,
wife )
I P ( Z s l )
= -

=
I -

0.8413

=
0.1587 '
l l

50-60 to -
GO
b) pc To
PIN sxcto ) <
Est )
=

p f L Z l )
= l
L
-

=P ( z Ll ) Pl )
c
- Z -
l

=
plz Ll ) -
PC Z >
l )

=
Plz Ll ) -

l l -
P ( 2- <
11 )
= 0.8413 -

0.1587

6826
=
o it
/
.

x -
60
C)
Pf Z 7,0-1--0.025
z =
1.96

Z 71.96 ) = O -
025
P (

x -
60
-
= 1.96
10

x = 79 -

by /

"

-
53.255 GO 66.745

X -
60
PLZ >
-101=0.25

2- = -10.6745

X 60
-

= -10.6745
To

X =
66.745 or x= 53.255

time is 53.255 minutes ,

The shortest range of
.

i.
 C) P (K > 65 )
= P (z y 6%60-1
=
p ( Z 7 O -
5)

=
I -
P ( Z L
O -
5)

=
I -
O . 0915

= 0 . 3085 /

Let y be the probability of a call out of the 4 calls

taking 65 min
> .

Y -
B (4 ,
O - 3085 )

4
C ( 308512 ( t O 308512
( Y 2) O
-
.

P -
-
=
z -

=
0 2731 .
( 4S f ) / -

A) N I 6
=
9 2 . I 3 -
5

=
5.7 ,
12 .
7

12 -7%
5.7% up to contains 68% of those
earnings I
.

b) N I 26 = 9.2 I 213.5 )

=
2.2 i 16.2

2.2% up to lb 2% contains 95% of these

earnings I
-

Let X be the event where a

chip from A is defective .

X ~
N ( 4.4 O ,
-

42 )

Let Y be the event where a

chip from B is defective .

Y ~
N ( 4.2 ,
O -

62 )

5- 4.4
Plxs 5) =p ( t s
T.gl
=
plz c l .
51

=
0.9332 /

5 4 2

PC to )
-

PC Y <
5) =

( Z
=
p L l -
3)

=
0.9082 /

of 5% defectives , Aohonld be chosen

Supplier
having
chance
A- has higher
a :
a .

,
.
STATS WKOI Extra Questions
#

a) Drivers who own cars

b) Elderly at home

c) The rich

d) Classical music lovers

e) Companies of different industries

at Random error

b) Random error

c) Random error

d)
systematic error

e) systematic error

.§
4
( 213+(313+15)
'
3
E b) xi3 ( 7)
( Xi
?
at -
3 ) +

i ,
c' =/ -

g t 27 t 125 t 343

(2-3) 3) ( 5 3) t ( t 3)
(3
-
t t- -

=
-

= 503

= 5

- nominal

- ratio

- interval

-
ratio

- ratio

ordinate
-
 =
- -- e
← - - -

- - - - - -- - -
-
- -- - -- - -
- -

state

4025¥99

7 I 3 4 5 5 7- 899

-
#

9 4

÷÷it⇒
^

GO

50

20

"

20-29 30 -
39 40 -

49 50 -

59 GO -

69 70 -

79 80 -
89

Range of marks

Most f- thesthefenfs scored between 50-60 marks .

-
Distribution of the marks is
Nightly positively skewed ( only afewufndehfsocored
higher than
thereof)
-

.
STATS
#
WK 02 Extra Questions

Inferential study .

He should 100 car batteries in his company ,

randomly select a sample size of perhaps
and find the sum of the life spans of all 100 batteries divided by 100 .

records plotted
'

study Mar Jun 19 loan in a

Descriptive He can compare using pivot chart
-

.
.

:/
a) stem ( Hundreds) Leafs ( Tens )
-

O l l 3 4 5 7 7

/ O 2 3 3 6 7 7 8

::
I 5 7

45 4

b) Position of Q1 :
IT X ( 2ft t ) =
6¥ Position of Qs : 4×(26-11)=204
Qi :
77 t -

¥ ( I 1=77.7-5
03 :
312 tf ( 21=312 - 5

Position of Q2 : Ix (26-11) = 133 ICR : 312.5 -

77.75=234.75

Q2 / Median : 1751-2421=176
 distribution and is skewed
normal
C) No , the data do not follow
a

than the median

hence the mean is larger
.

to the right .

7- -18 t 5 t 20 t 5 +
I t 3
N = =
7
f-

q ( Xi
2
-
N)
=
230
2
6 = - -

N 7

6 = = 5 732
.
( 4 d.f )
\ 7

l l
Std der .
l l QR
range

°
Standard dev : extent
to which data is dispersed from the mean ,

(
I Further → larger Holder ) .

d smallest value data ref

o
Range spread
: b/w largest in the .

as thing : ? etmtheraihaeta .ge#TonmotmYaYiitniietoon-nierinmire

' " range

> * MOST USEFUL !

provides
understanding of data distribution
-

allows researchers to &

make statistical inferences ( Eg : confidence level estimated
-

conduct
hypothesis tests
STATS
#
WK 03 Extra Questions

x x x

142 empty cylinders)

-
- (E) x
( F) x
(I)
1225
=

Pls empty cylinders ) =

( E) x ( F) x (E)

= I
25

P ( 4 empty cylinders ) = (E) x

( I) x
( E)
1-
=

25

A ) P( at least one odd ) =

I -
P ( both even ) = I -

( O -
5×0.51
=
0 . 7- 5

b) P ( at least one even ) =

I -
P ( all 3 Odd ) =
I -
(0.5×0.5×0-5)

0.875
=
STATS WKO
4- Extra Questions

pro.a.in/.letXbetheno.of-
X I 2 3
#

customers that arrive at 7- It .

D= 5 per hour
57
PIX 7) ( e 5) ( t)
-

a) =
-

=
0.1044144 p ) -

b) P(xE3 ) =
PIX
-
-
Olt PCX
-
-
1) + PIX -
-
2) t P ( X =3 )

( e 51
-

It ( e 5) (
-

It ( e
-

5) ( ÷! ) +
( e 5) (
-

=
0.265014 d. p )

C) Pll EXE 4) =
PIX --
1) t Pl X
-
-
2) t Pl X
-
-
3) t P(X -
- 4)

=
0.433814cL p ) -
3 .

Let y be the time a service staff spends serving customers each hour .

y-
'

Else LECH ]
-

Efx ) = Expect Varun Pix ) ] -

'
=
4.72 24.08 -
( 4.72 )

1.8016
=

Ely ) =
5 ( 4.72)
Var ( Y ) =
541.8016 )
= 23.6 y =
45.04

Adderly ) =
545704
= 6.7111 ( 4d.pl
STATS WK05 Extra Questions
#

be the number f-
a) Let x
registrations .

X -
N ( 25,64

PIX > 281 =p (z > 28-15 )

=P ( z > 0.5 )

=/ -

PCZLO 5) -

=L -
0.6915

= 0.3085

23 -
25

b) PIX > 23K PLZ '

s
)

=
p ( Z >
-

T)
= PIECE )
=
0.6293

Let the amount an alumni donates bex .

XnN( 1001202 )

-21000
to
A) PCX > 70) =
plz > )

pfzh 1.5 )
=

=
0.9332

b) PC85cxcizy-y.pl 85%00 < z s

25-21000 ,

= Pl -

0.75 < Z C 1.25 )

-0751274%7177
=
pcza.int -

Pks
,
751
II P( 2- 75 )
Plzco
PLZ 11.25 )
=
=L
so
- -

- -
-

=
0.8944 -
0.2266

=
0.6678

& XL
X -
100
d) Let Dbe the difference b/w Xi .

C) Plz >
zo
) -
-

o -
05
D= Xi
-
X2

2- 1.6449
100,202+-202 )
=

Day ( 100 -

Yoo
×
0.800 )
-

-
-
1.6449 → Drill
10 -
O

PCD > 101

-
-

Plz > )
X
-
-
$132.90124 p ) -
grog

=P ( Z > O 353553 ) ( Gd p )
-

=
I -
PIEL 0.353553 )
=
I -
0.6368
=
0.3632
Tutorial Distribution & confidence Interval
sampling ( sample )
6 :
one

th
?÷xi
'
A) Overall
sample mean
-

overall sample variance =

E ( sci -

Ii )
'

n I
-

"gg
103469.5
= =

( 14415.53876 )
200 ,

=
72.4399 ( 4d.pl
517.3475g
=

b)
Assuming normal distribution as
sample c, plz > 5081 :

plz ,
508-510
)
Variance is estimate for
a
good population variance ,
3-8003

CLT
By I N ( NI ) Plz
-

0.52541144
=

6-+2 p)
. > -

°
'

=P ( 2<0-53
0-+2 =
)
n
0.7-019
=

72.4399
=

14.4880
=

GF =

14.4880

3.8063
=

I - N ( 517 347513.80632 )
.

Pl Is
5001--1312<51%11
82-6525
plz
=

, )
0.76126

=p ( 2 c -

2.6272 )

=
I -

P ( 252.6272 )
=
I -

P ( 2<2.62 )

=
I -

0.99573

=
0.00427

I
A ) Pll p ) b) Since npll
p=
-

•
p ) 30010.42111-0-421--73.08>5
-
-

BYCLT the
population is normally distributed
-

n .

§ -
N ( 0.42 , 0.028504

= Plp 70.50 ) =p ( z >

0.5-0.42
)
0.42/0.58 ) 0.02850

300 =P 1272.8070 )

=
I -

P ( 2<2.81 )

I
=
-

0.99752
=
O -

02850144 p ) .
=
0.0025

€
"

÷ :÷÷÷÷:::÷÷
" """ " "
:#
,
PIL <
1.05261 Pla 0.7018 )
QTV
-
-

1.05
-

0.8531 (
=

l p ( 2<0.7018 ) )
-
-

0.8531 -

0.242

0.6111
=
 Let
xbethetimeotndenfvope.no/vnrfingthe internet .

Vince n 174>30
by CLT the population follows normal distribution
-

,
a
-

A
-
N( 6.06 , 1.432 )

Degree of freedom 174-1=173

-_

::÷÷::÷÷:
"
:

5. 96 6.01 6.16
Cl : 5.96 N 6.16 ( I ( I -10.11
)
-
s -

O - l

Me -_
(6.16-5.96)/2=0.1 I t
-

0.9225 O -
9225

£11731,141 (0-1084)=0.1

( ( 173 ) ,( E) 0.9225144 P )
=
-

f- =/ -

PC 2<0.9225 )

I 0.8212
= -

0.1788
=

0.1788×2=0.3576
* =

CI= ( I O
35761×100=64.240/0
-
-
Take p to be 0.5 for the worst cave scenario .

L =
I -
O .
99 =
o.O I

Iz =
0.01/2=0.005

O -
510.5 )
( Lo ) )
"
n (
-

. 005
o -
052

( 2.5758 )
= 2

( 100 )

664 ( rounded to nearest whole number)

=

up
a) Assume normal distribution since n -
30 .

Let xbethe number of days that a vehicle is

out of operation .

I 'T
?÷ sci 16.2222144
=

p)
-

'
Ii )
'

g2= g ( sci -

=
22.9444144 p ) -

n -

✓ =

22.9444
=
4.7900144 p ) -

I nN( 16.2222 , 22.9444 )

4.7900
C. 1=16.2222 It
(g) ( 0.051 ( )
Tg

=
16.2222 II. 860 ( 1.5967 ) ( 4d
p)
-

13.2523
=

, 19.1921144 .pl

Confidence Interval :[
'

13.2523 19 1921 )
days
. .

. -

b) wider larger t -

distribution
 student studies bet
Let the amount of hours a .

X -
N( 20,62 )

10
-
20
A) PCXLIO ) PILL ) =P ( 2<-1.66071144
.pl
=

=
I -

P ( 221.66671

=
I -
0.9525

=
0.0475

35 -
20

b) P( x > 35 ) =
P( 27 G
) =
PLZ > 2.
5) =
I -
P 12<2.5 )

= I -

0.99379
=

0.00621

0.00621×100=0.621 %

c) I -
14120 .
'
I

19 - 20 22 20

y
-

P( 19L X s
22 ) =p ( s z ,
O -
8485 0.8485

=
PC 222.3571 ) -

PC 2<-1.1786 ) ( 44 -

p)
=
0.99086 -

( t -

0.8810 ]
=
0.8719144 p ) -
Lecture Extra Questions

h 120.02512 (Y
! ( 1.96 ) 2
25 )
(

96.04
=

sample must be >

97 .

° !!
"

N =
120.0512 ( I

l -
64492 ( 8,00 ,

722 ( round up )

""

.mn#s:: :i:;tion.B3aTBEME--t-g.o.ozs
Ein
( TY! )

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷:
" ""

"

Cl :
I 4.337 , 4.423 ]
Tutorial 91
-
O

we problem -

based
learning :X

problem
do not based
learning
use -
:
Y

X -
N ( 76.12 ,
2.532 ) in
-

Y -
N ( 74.61 , 8.612 ) in -

2. 532 8.612
(
2

g
t
g
)
✓ =

( 5,3212 ( 8.642 )
2. 2

5 8

86.5591
( 4 )
=

d. p

J
0.2276-18.4808 Cl ( M th ) ( Fi E
f- (
Sn! t.my )
:
I t
=
- -

- ±
v.

( round down )
=

9 -

margin of error

(I ( l 51 ) f (
=

5,32 )
I
80,12
- 2.

g , 0.025
+

=
( 1.51 ) I 2.262 ( 3.0502 ) ( 4 d p) -

=
I -

5.3896 , 8 -

4096 )

since the interval contains zero . we cannot be 95% confident that

the

mean examination scores of one class is higher than another .

 4
Hotel A :
fortified

Hotel B: oativfied

since n( I -

p) > 5 for both we.

assume that both populations

are normally
distributed .

Cl :
( ¥ ¥5 )
-

I 20.025 ( ( 41251
+
1441225 ) )
250 300

=
Fg I
1.9600 ( 0.0360 ) ( 4d.pl

[ )
=

0.0039 0.1372 ( 44 )
-

p
,
-

since the interval contains both positive and negative values ,

we cannot be confident that one hotel offer u better service

than the other .

 '

( 9) ( 30 ) t ( Il ) ( 2512
A)
gp2
=

10-112-2

748.75
=

Cl :
( 520-480 ) I
tzo , 0.05 ( 748.45 th ) )
=
40¥ ( 1.725 ) ( Il 7139
-

) ( 44 p ) -

I 19.7935 ,
60.2065 ] ( 4 d. p )

b) V= It ( round down )

(
'

Cl ( 520-4-80 ) I
3,002 )
±

2,522
:
17,005
+

=
40 I
1.740 ( 11.9199 ) ( 4d.pl
=

[ 19.2594 60.7406 ] ( 44 )
p
.
-
V 176 ( round down )
-

Cl 10.5 ±
tag (J poi
-

too
'
-

,
0.025
t

since n
-

100 for both populations is

large by
-

,
CLT .

Cl 10.5
20.025 (
-

I
) (
-

I -4009 44 p
-
)
= 10.5 ± 1.96 ( I -4009 )
=

17.7542 ,
13.2458
) ( 44 P )
.

since the interval contains

only positive values > o .

conclude that
we can women upend more time

on housework than men .

 ( gf 's )
A) Cl 32 -114,0
'
:
-
5 ±
-

05

32.5 I
1.761 (
=

2.0914 ) ( 44
p)
-

[ 28.8170 36.1830 ] ( 44
p)
, -

width -

36.1830 -

28.8170

7.366
=

b )
per confidence
limit 32-51--44,0005
Ip ( 2.0914 )
:

32.5+2.977-(2-0914)
=

38.7261 ( 44
p )
-
 A) ME
20.005 (J '

)
=
O -
62 '
52
y
100
85

2.5758 ( 0.1734 )
=

( 44 p )
-

0.4466 ( 44 p )
=
-

b) Cl :
( 3.4 -

2) I 20.025 ( 0.1734 )

1.4 ± ( l -

96110.1734 )

[
=

1.0601 , 1.7399 ] ( 44 p )
-

women spend more time than in

courtship
men
before
marriage .
lecture 9

Questions

go
16 ( 7412+13 ( 5612
2

Sp
=

29

4427.0345 ( 44
=

p
)

Cl ( 3004 2538 ) tag )

:
I
( 4427.0345 ) ( Ft
-

, 0.025 't
44 )
=
466 I 2 . 045 ( 24.0131 ) 14 d p ) -

=
[ 416.8932 , 515.1068 ]

We 95% confident that the

are
mean difference in CPU between the two
processors are between 416.89 & 515.11MHz
.

P ZI
w =
0.7
=

40

Pm =
¥0 =
O - 52

since n > 40 & n >

50 ,

we can assume that the populations

are
normally distributed
by CLT .

Cl : O . I 8 I 1.6449 ( O -
1012 ) ( 44 .

p)
(
=
O I 8 I 0 I 665 4 d. )
p
.
.

(O
=
0135 0.3465 ]
-
,

Since this interval does not contain any

zero ,

we are 95% confident that the 2

proportions
not
equal
are .

since there values females have

are no
negative ,

higher proportion of degree holders compared to men .

Tutorial 9 !

A) Ho :
N =3

Hi :
N Z 3

x =
5% = O -
05

x be the mean in concentration in pills

Let purity
.

O 42
I ( )
.

n
N 3.07
64
,

this
i .

iii. is :

= I . 4

22
3

Z 6449
a
=
o . o 5
=
I -

since test Hat =

I .
4 s t .
6449 ,
we do not reject Ho at a 5%

significance level and conclude that there is insufficient

evidence that there is more than 3% impurities in the pills .

b) p -
value = P l 2 Z Ts )

=
p ( 2 I 1 .
4)

=
I p ( 2 <
I 4)
-

=
I -
O . 9192

=
0 .
0808

C)

l
l

l l

l l
3 1.4
1.4 3
-

1.4

The p value for the

-

2- tail test will be more

than the tail te of

p value for the 1
it includes
- -

au

both tails compared to tail

. 1
only in the l tail teuf
-

Cdl There is
only a
problem if the level of impurity is too high .

hence not interested

testing for
in
3%
we are <
.
 a) Let Ibe the
average

Ho

Hi
:
weekly earnings f- the
NZ 400

Ns 400
coworkers .

"|
Y !
HN :
I
I
'

'

:
i

!
204
:

, 400
It
-1.4862
I No 1.761
-
-

T Hat I 381.35 400

- -
=
-
, =

l 486214 d.
=

p)
-

9Th 48.60/515
-

( Vid =
I =
-

l 761
14 , 0.05
.

Since t Hat 1.4862 1.761 do not reject Ho

=
we at a 5%
significance
-
>
-
-
-

level
& conclude there is insufficient evidence that the
weekly earnings of
mean
as

workers are a $400 .

b) Yes .

Newt stat -
= -

2.7135 ( 4d.pl

since 2.7-135<2 C
-

a 1.761 ) Ho will be rejected at 5%

rig level
-

, -
.

c)
Type II Error . -10413 , T L .

-
Al Ho :
NZ 50

Hi :
N <
50

In N ( 48.2 . %)
Test ufaf -
: 2=48.2-50 = -
I. g
( 315g )

2x =L o .
,
= -

l .
2816

since t stat falls in the critical

region we reject Ho at
-
-
. a

level & conclude that there is sufficient

10%
significance
battery life
is b- Oh
evidence that population mean
< .

b) Ic -

-
50 t 2x ( %)
501-1-1.28161111
=

48.7184
=

*
Ic -
N
D= Pl IZ Ic #
IN =
49 ) =P ( 27 I =
PIZZ -

0.28161
qq
=
P ( 210.2816
)

0.6103
=

Power after : I 0.6103=0.3897

-
 6 I
~
a) P =
340

Ho :
p Z O 25 .

Hi :
P L O . 25

L = 0 . 05 6 I

540 25
-

O .

Te of .
stat : = -
3 .
0059 ( 4 d. )
p
( 0.25 ) ( 0.75 )

2 a
=
2 o -
05 = -

l 6449
.

since the test statistic falls within the critical Ho

region ,
we
rej -

level d conclude that there is fficient evidence

5%
significance
on
at a

that . . .

b) Reduce
Type
I error . x .
 15=0.5226 ( 4 d. p )

Ho :
p =
O .
5 l
l
l
'
Hi :
PF O 5 I
!
.
'

0.5
22=20.05 =/ 644g .

O 5226 0.5
test ufaf
- -

6376144 p )
=
O '
.

J CO .
5) ( o .
s,

199
Vince t Hat < Za we do not
reject
-

,
. . .

p value 2P ( 2 0.63761
-
=
>

2 (I )
=
-
P ( 2<0.6376 )
=
2 ( t -

0.7389 )

0.5222
=

of
finding
The value shows the p random
p a
-
.

ample with a
proportion more extreme than 0.5 ,

given that Ho iv true .

Tutorial 11

72
-
I

10

Ho :
ND = 0

HI :
NDFO

I -_
¥ =
4.3333 ( 4d.pl

Scf 81.3333 ( 44 )
p
-

=
4.0332 ( 4d.pl

4.3333 -
o

Teut vfaf :p -
, =
2.631714 d. p )
(
40,332 ) "

is .
" . .
.
. ." !

9,
t n

2-571
since -1 -

stay falls in the critical region ,

we
reject Horta 5% significance level
* How to calculate
and conclude there ivavignificantohahge p value
uuihgt offs ?
-
-

in the . . .

2pct >
2.63171=0.048244
No ,
they should collect more
samples first .

crej.no ,
 a) Used cash-flow information did not use cash-flow information
hi =3 I N 2=31

I ,
=
36.21 Iz = 47.56

Si = 22.93 82 =
27.56

Ho : Ni -

Pz =
0

Hi : Ni -

µ, to

2=0.05 ,
I go , 0.025=12
' '
1301122.93 ) t ( 80 ) ( 27-56 )
gp
,
=

642 6693144
p)
=
. -

•°
( 47.56-36.21 ) (
-
O )
feuf if at it
-
-

1.7627144
.

p)
=
-

( 642.6693 ) (
F)
,

since -1 Hatch -
. we do not reject Ho . . .

b) Cl : ( 47.56 -
86.21 ) I (2) ( ( 642.6693 ) ( E) 1=[-1.5283/24.2283]

difference of & between

95% confident that the
population mean is

interval ranges from veto tree

& However Vince the
-

1.5283 24.2283 .
,

than
values ,
we
cannot conclude if . . .
is more - .
-

Type
c) It error .
 Market 1
Market 2

M r

Fa

§§
P ,
=
0.3225 =
0.3714
>

n 800 n 700
-
= -

¥1
.
ooo

Ho :( P2 -
Pi ) = 0

Hi :
( Pa -
Pi ) to

r 258-1260
p
=

700-1800

=
0.3453
O - 3714 -
O - 3225
Tetfufaf , z=

0.3453106547147201

=
1.9872

X =L
f- =
20.015 = I 2 . 1701

since -1 -

4- at . . .
we do not reject Ho . . .
United Hates Great Britain
n

p ,
=
O .
f plz = 0 . 66

h =
900 h =
900

Ho :
( P2 -
Pi ) I 0

Hi :
( P2 - Pi ) >
O

( 9001106141900 ) ( O . 66 )
p =

9001-900

=
0.63

O . 66 -
O . 6

Test stat -

: L -
-

convo .
3711450 )
=
2. 6362144
p)
-

L =
22--20.05 =
1.6449

Vince test stat falls into

-
the critical region ,

we
reject Ho d conclude that GB more optimistic . . .
 Err

wa
- - -

) Jc =3 . 875

J 10.75
=

E in , ( sci -
I l ly i -

J )
r =

J
-

E ( sci
2
E) E ly
-

J)
'
i -

(279/4)
14 d. p )
=

( 4.3445 ) ( 16.2942 )

=
O .

9853 ( 44 P )
-

b) We can conclude that there is a

strong and pouitire linear relationship
between experience and rates .
 NO -
of tons
a) x
20
-

17.5 -

i
15 -

12.5 -

10 -
X

i
7. 5 -

5 -
it
×
x

2. 5

O
# Price of tons
2 3 4 5
6

I =
3.875

J =
10.75

b) b
EH ,
ki -
I ) ( yi -

g, (279/4)
695414
=

d.
3
p)
=
, =
.

E ( sci I )
2

18.875
-

bo =
J -
bi I
=
10.75 -

3.695413 . 875 )

=
3 5697 (4 d
-

)
p
.
-

c)
regression equation :
if = -

3.5697 t 3 . 6954K

The
regression ega
tells no an eutimation of the
impact of a rise in

the tons of
rug prices on
rugs
sold
by competitors . At price T tons of ,

wld also increases $1 increase in P competitor tells

rugs .

For
every
.

3. 6954 more tons of rugs The estimate is

applied based on
price per
.

ton
ranging from $2 -
$6 and with 4 -
20 Tono applied .

\
 Maihtainancecoufsls
'
000
ay

116
-
X
X
114 -

'
t
12 - X
×
110 - X

108 -

106 -
X

104 -

102 X
-

100 -

98
-

l l l l
l l l l l l NO of
,

G- 46.66 87.0 7.2747-67-88-08.2 Computers

-

thousands

q ( 30.9 )
b) r= =
0.9113144 p ) -

( 0.6059 ) ( G. 2183 )

strong positive linear relationship blwxdy

→

30.9
C ) bi
=
9.349514 d. p )
g. 3050
:

bo :
108 -
9. 349517.557=37.4113144 p ) -

Y 37.4113 -19.3495T
=

For Tin IK computers produced there is tinmaihfaihehce

every
an
,

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