Nanomaterials for Energy

Applications
Introduction
Dr. Veinardi Suendo

NT6031 Nanomaterial untuk Energi

Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology involves
research and technology
development at the 1
nm-to- 100 nm range.
• Nanotechnology creates
and uses structures that
have novel properties
because of their small
size.
• Nanotechnology builds
on the ability to control
or manipulate at the
atomic scale.
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Nanomaterials
• A material having particles or
constituents of nanoscale dimensions, or
one that is produced by nanotechnology.
(Definitions from Oxford Languages)

• Scientists have not unanimously settled

on a precise definition of nanomaterials,
but agree that they are partially
characterized by their tiny size, measured
in nanometers. A nanometer is one
millionth of a millimeter - approximately
100,000 times smaller than the diameter
of a human hair. (https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-
nano/index.cfm)
https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0101

• Nanomaterials are materials that have

structural components smaller than 1 µm
in at least one dimension. While the
atomic and molecular building blocks
(~0.2 nm) of matter are considered
nanomaterials, examples such as bulk
crystals with lattice spacing of
nanometers but macroscopic dimensions DOI:10.1095/biolreprod.113.116244

overall are commonly excluded.

(https://avs.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1116/1.2815690) 3
Nanomaterials for energy applications
• Nanomaterials for energy conversion/harvesting/harnessing
• Photovoltaic devices/solar cells
• Electrochemical cells/Fuel cells
• Thermoelectric devices
• Photo-electrochemical devices
• Photo-thermal materials
• Catalytic processes
• Piezoelectric devices

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Catal. Sci. Technol., 2017,7, 4315-4345 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2438-0
Photovoltaic devices/Solar Cells

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219581X1100840X

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36354-3_2
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 Semiconductor processing and nanotechnology

GaAs Pillar Etching for Optoelectronics

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https://www.samcointl.com/portfolio/gaas-etching/
https://www.gallagherseals.com/blog/semiconductor-manufacturing-process/
 Heterogeneous catalysis

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DOI: 10.1080/01998595.2011.10412166
Where are heterogeneous reactions important?
Haber-Bosch process

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Where are heterogeneous reactions important?
Fischer-Tropsch chemistry

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Where are heterogeneous reactions important?
Three-way catalyst

O2
CO CO2

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https://phys.org/news/2018-03-edges-corners-efficiency-catalytic.html
Nanomaterials for energy applications
• Nanomaterials for energy storage
• Electrochemical cells/Batteries
• Capacitors
• Photo-electrochemicals devices
• Hydrogen storages
• Piezoelectric devices

SCIENCE 343, 1210 (2014); DOI: 10.1126/science.1249625

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Nanomaterials for
energy storage
Nanomaterials for energy
storage applications. The high
surface-to-volume ratio and
short diffusion pathways
typical of nanomaterials
provide a solution for
simultaneously achieving high
energy and power density.
Furthermore, the compatibility
of nanomaterials with
advanced manufacturing
techniques—such as printing,
spray coating, roll-to-roll
assembly, and so on—allows
for the design and realization
of wearable, flexible, and
foldable energy storage
devices. Pomerantseva et al., Science 366, 969 (2019) 12
 Energy storages

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64337-7.00022-7 13
 Lithium Battery

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62616-5.00016-4 14
 Hydrogen storages

Wu and Lou, Sci. Adv. 2017;3: eaap9252

https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA05068B 15
 Nanomaterials for energy applications
• Nanomaterials for improving energy
distribution
• Low resistivity materials/nanowires/
ballistic conductance materials
• Low friction surface/nanolubrication/
nanotribology
• Superhydrophobic/superhydrophillic
surfaces
• High/low refractive index nanomaterials

RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 4204-4213, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA00414E 16

 Light scattering layer

https://doi.org/10.1039/C6MH00511J 17
 Light scattering layer

Scientific Reports | (2019) 9:14952 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50292-z 18

 Nanoparticle lubrications

Schematic illustration on the effects of NDPs in the lubricant for (a) bare and (b) coated stainless steel specimens.

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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA06413B.
 Nanomaterials for energy applications
• Nanomaterials for supporting energy conversion
• High thermal insulating materials
• High specific heat materials
• High thermal resistance materials
• Ultra hard materials

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2020.12.026 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100546-0.00008-X 20
 Nanocoating for jet turbine blades

https://bioage.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c4fbe53ef0176173c1973970c-popup 21
 Thermal barrier coating system for Internal Combustion Engine

𝑊𝑊
𝜂𝜂 =
𝑄𝑄ℎ
𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐
=1−
𝑇𝑇ℎ

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DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/872/1/012086
Other areas of relevance
• Surface sciences is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid
interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.
• Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation, and
physical properties of matter. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics which convey a
quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities, but may be explained in terms of microscopic constituents
by statistical mechanics.
• Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential, as a measurable
and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electrical potential as an outcome of a particular
chemical change, or vice versa. These reactions involve electrons moving between electrodes via an electronically-conducting phase
(typically, but not necessarily, an external electrical circuit such as in electrolessplating), separated by an ionically-conducting and
electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).
• Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices,
and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical
dynamics and chemical equilibrium.
• Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of
atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory,
quantum technology, and quantum information science.
• Tribology is the science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion. It includes the study and application of the
principles of friction, lubrication, and wear. Tribology is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics,
chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology, and engineering.
• Solid states physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography,
electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-
scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. 23
See you next week
Nanomaterials for Energy Applications

Dr. Veinardi Suendo

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