TOPIC 7 : TRANSPORT IN HUMANS

DOUBLE CIRCULATION in the circulatory system :

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

To pump blood to help circulate blood

Heart
around the body

Blood Tubes through which blood flow/

vessels Being circulated around the body

Transport medium in the body

Blood Which useful substances are dissolved
or transported

 To transport useful substances tothe body cells

e.g : nutrients and oxygen
 Removes the waste produced by these cells
e.g : co2 and urea
THE CIRCULATORY CONSIST OF :

HEART

BLOOD VESSELS

BLOOD
 WHAT IS
DOUBLE
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM ???

BLOOD PASSES
THROUGH THE HEART
TWICE IN ONE
CIRCULATION OF THE
BODY THROUGH THE
PULMONARY AND
SYSTEMIC
CIRCULATION

Importance : to maintain blood pressure that is

requires to keep the circulation of blood around
the body and to avoid any lung damage that gives
the blood sufficient time.
 THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION

This circulation is responsible for transporting

deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs under low
pressure via the pulmonary artery and for transporting
oxygenated blood back to the heart again via the
pulmonary vein.

THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

This system is responsible for transporting oxygenated

blood from the heart to all parts of the body under high
pressure via the aorta and for transporting deoxygenated
blood back to the heart again via the vena cava
 RIGHT (KA) LEFT (KI)
Atrium – Atas (KAKI) Ventricle - Vawah
deoxygenated oxygenated
ARTERY VEIN
Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein
Aorta ( biggest) Vena cava (biggest)
A = Artery = Away V = Vein = Vack

All arteries carries All veins carries

oxygenated blood except deoxygenated blood
pulmonary artery except pulmonary vein

What are
valves ?
Structure found in heart
and vein that prevents
back flow of blood.

FUNCTION OF VALVE ?

To prevent the back flow of

blood to ensure one – way
flow of blood

LaB RaT Tricuspid

Left Bicuspid Right

 VALVES IN BETWEEN THE HEART CAHMBERS :

1. SEMI LUNAR valves ( in the blood vessel – vein )

2. BICUSPID valve ( left side of the heart)

3. TRICUSPID valve ( right side of the heart )

RD LO
Right Left
Deoxygenated Oxygenated
RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT VENTRICLE
Wall thinner than left Wall thicker than right
ventricle ventricle
REASON : REASON :
 It only has to pump  It has to pump blood all
blood to the lungs around the body
which is near to the  It contains more
heart at an appropriate muscular and elastic
pressure that will not tissue to contract with
damage the lungs and a larger force sending
will not require such a blood under high
high pressure pressure to all distant
part of the body

PUMPING ACTION
How do the heart pump our blood continuously ?

 Heart is muscular organ. It is made up of

striated muscle (cardiac )
 Never gets tired, fatigue or cramps unlike
skeletal muscle
 Lots of mitochondria in muscle, hence lots of
energy to pump the blood involuntarily
 Heart muscle is optimally supplied with
nutrients by the coronary arteries
 Pumping action of the heart is due to the
contraction of the atrium & the ventricle.

How the heart

pumps blood ?
 1. ENTRANCE OF BLOOD

Blood ENTERS the heart into the left

and right atrium via the blood vessel
called vein

2. pumping of the heart by contraction of the atrium

As the atriums are filled with blood, the
pressure inside the atrium rises

When the pressure in atrium is very high

Atrium then starts to contract to force the

blood out of the atrium into the
ventricles.

3. EXIT OF THE BLOOD

Blood now enters the ventricle from atrium.

As more blood fills up the ventricle.

The pressure inside the ventricle rises that it

finally contracts to pump the blood away from
the heart via arteries

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

 A disease which occurs when the coronary

arteries are blocked by either fat deposit
(cholesterol) or blood clot making the flow
of the blood to the heart muscle less or
BLOCKAGE OF CORONARY ARTERY COULD
BE DUE TO :

1. CHOLESTEROL/ FAT DEPOSITS –

atherosclerotic plaques

2. BLOOD CLOT - thrombosis

 CAUSES :

 Blockage makes the arteries narrow.

Blood supply to the heart muscle may be
slowed down
 Low oxygen and nutrients
 Chest pain (angina)
 Heart attack

How many arteries ? = 2

Where are the arteries found ? = on the
middle of the heart muscle
Characteristic ? = small/narrow wall
Function ? = to supply the heart muscle with
oxygen & nutrients

BLOOD VESSELS
3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS :
Sounds
like ABC
A V C
Artery Vein Capillary

NOTE : wall of artery & vein is made up

of smooth muscle and elastic fibre.
Smallest blood vessel
 artery vein capillary
-to take
-carry blood -carry blood nutrient &
away from back to the supply useful
the heart heart substances to
function

-to carry -to carry the cells and

oxygenated deoxygenated take away the
blood (except blood (except waste
pulmonary pulmonary product
artery) vein) produced by
these cells
 Artery vein capillary
Lumen is Lumen is Narrow, about
Size of
lumen
generally wider the size of a
narrower than red blood cell.
the vein
Thick strong Thinner walls Extremely thin
muscular and allow blood to (one cell
Wall thickness

elastic walls come into thick),

that contain close contact Hence only
smooth muscle with cells one red blood
and elastic cell can pass
fibres Walls have less through
muscle
permeability

Impermeable Impermiable Permeable

(NOT (NOT (fluid can pass
permeable) permeable) through)

BLOOD COMPOSITION

PWR - PUFF
 100%

55% solid part 45% liquid part

2.RBC
3.WBC

1. plasma
4.platelets

Blood components and their functions

Blood
Function
component
 Contains useful things
like glucose, amino
acids, & nutrients such
Blood plasma (liquid
1. part)
as minerals, vitamins &
hormones, as well as
waste materials like
urea

Contain haemoglobin,
2. Red blood cell which picks up oxygen
molecules in the lungs

Fight diseases by
3. White blood cell making antibodies and
fighting germs
platelets Together they form
4. fibrinogen clots to repair cuts or
tear in nearby tissue