Grand Projet des Villes / "Great Urban Project" (GPV) of the Hauts de Garonne

PLATFORM FOR DIGITAL AND SOCIAL INNOVATION

PINS

DETECTING AND REPRESENTING LOCAL DIGITAL EXPRESSIONS: SUMMARY OF STUDIES AND METHODOLOGIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION : A TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING TERRITORIAL DIGITAL DYNAMICS ....................................................................................3

2. THE PINS PROJECT: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES AND PROGRESS ..............4

3. STEP 1: THE QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF EQUIPMENT AND USES ...........................................................................................................8

4. IN PARALLEL: THE PRESENCE OF ASSOCIATIONS AND PUBLIC ACTORS ON THE TERRITORIAL INTERNET .................................................10

5. STEP 2: IDENTIFICATION OF THE "DIGITAL SPACES" SPECIFIC TO THE TERRITORY ...................................................................................12

6. STEP 3: UNDERSTANDING WHO IS SPEAKING AND WHAT IS BEING SAID ON THE TERRITORIAL INTERNET ..........................................16

7. SUMMARY OF STUDIES .............................................................................19

APPENDIX- SYNTHESIS OF THE SURVEYS ON 2 OF THE GPV'S CITIES ......................................................................................................22

1. INTRODUCTION : A TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING TERRITORIAL DIGITAL DYNAMICS

Digital practices also shape territories
Digital uses are far from being purely virtual: their territorial dimension becomes more evident each day, especially since the mobile phone has moved closer to the internet. They are not only individual, reserved to practices of consumption and interpersonal communication : hundreds, even thousands of blogs and websites, public profiles on social networks (YouTube, Facebook, Copainsdavant, Viadeo ...), pictures and videos posted online, "bookmarks" placed on location-based maps, are all produced inside the territories. Cultural actors, discussion centers, communities, media, portals, "opinion leaders" emerge. External and internal representation of the territory comes as much from these, than they do from online "official" production in the field. On the ground, they contribute to creating local links. Yet all of this usually remains mostly invisible for the institutional actors of the territory. The institutional internet exists and is improving, but it does not communicate with the internet "from below". The presence of institutions (or companies) on the web "2.0" (social networks, blogs, platforms for sharing videos and photos) takes most often the shape of downward communication and does not connect to areas that citizens themselves have created. On the other hand, sites and digital spaces created by citizens themselves generally ignore the institutions. Not that they are built against them: these are two worlds that do not know how to exchange with each other yet.

A method for identifying digital territorial dynamics

As part of the "Great Urban Project1" which comprises four municipalities of the right bank of the Garonne, opposite Bordeaux (see Section 2), it soon became obvious that the reappropriation of their territory by its inhabitants was to happen through architectural and urban projects, cultural events, as well of through the digital dynamics which, today, already connect and unite people. By "digital territorial dynamics", we do not mean all internet and mobile phone uses. We focus on tools and practices of digital expression, networking, collaboration and coproduction, which claim their territorial origin (or belonging) and that involve the territory: whether to discuss road problems, organize an outing or event, exchange small services, tell the history of a district, or participate in a democratic debate. Here, the objective is not to online uses, or reduce the "digital divide". Rather, it is to answer a simple question: can we rely on digital dynamics of expression and collaboration to feed an urban renewal project? And if so, how? To tackle this issue is the goal of the "Platform for digital and social innovation" (PINS), which is the ultimate goal of this project supported by the GIP-GPV, in partnership with Fing and laboratories ADES and MICA within the University of Bordeaux. To answer this question, we must first learn to identify the existing digital territorial dynamics.
1

"Grand Projet de Ville" (GPV), a dsignation for urban rhabilitation projects under the "Urban Solidarity and Rehabilitation" act. The GPV is managed by a specific public body, GIP-GPV. In the following pages, we will also be using "GPV" as a synonym to the whole teritory comprised of the Bassens, Cenon, Floirac and Lormont municipalities. 3

These have not waited for us to be interested in them in order to exist. But there was not yet any proven method to reveal them. Therefore, our aim has been to build, implement and share a methodology for locating and mapping the digital territorial dynamics, thus revealing thousands of public appearances and resources so far ignored. From this, we will be able to define policies, platforms, approaches, that build on these dynamics to transform the territory, feed social bonds, and densify the everyday democracy. This brief aims to share the approach adopted under the GPV of the right bank of the Garonne with all those interested, in hope that they can use it and in turn improve it. The proposed method is not perfect, it has been built over time, and has had to take into account logistical and time constraints. However, this method explores rather innovative approaches, at least in their application to a territory. It produces significant results, useful to further action. Therefore, we hope that reading this summary will be helpful to you for your own projects. The 4 steps of the procedure

2. THE PINS PROJECT: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES AND PROGRESS

Overall goals
The "Big Cities Project" (GPV) of the Right Bank of the Bordeaux area (see box) is based simultaneously on classic urban planning actions, and on a process of reclaiming the urban territory by its players and its inhabitants. The digital sphere must be one of the tools in this act of reappropriation. To this end, the GPV initiated, in 2009, an ambitious project entitled "Co-Constructing the Digital Right Bank" [http://www.rivedroitenumerique.org]. During one year, this experimental project was driven by the GPV with the Next-Generation Internet Foundation (FING), the MICA and ADES laboratories of the University of Bordeaux 3 and with the support of Aquitaine Europe Communication (AEC). It aims to develop a digital platform representing public, corporate, community and citizen-led activities of the Right Bank, an area made up of four cities Bassens, Cenon, Floirac, and Lormont. The project's goal is to create a platform for innovation, supported in particular by digital tools, which will facilitate the design, production and distribution of urban contents and services.

Correspondence with the objectives of GPV

The urban renwewal project is based on an original and effective frame: The tram, whose impact is crucial, Parc des Coteaux, a public green space of 400 hectares, A multimodal mobility platform in Cenon, (Pont Rouge station) Major public equipment The opening of two new bridges (pending). This project is built around three complementary objectives: Urban renewal: 12 operations representing thousands of homes demolished, 5200 homes built, an extensive network of media centers, schools, sports facilities, rebuilt or reconfigured public spaces. In addition, a "Charter of architectural, urban and landscape quality" was written. Social development: education and culture (creation of equipments, festivals, a cultural project between communities, and actions revealing local memory...). Economic Development: attracting new businesses, developing local business, employment, social integration ... One of the major goals assigned to the GPV is to change the image of the 4 cities' neighbourhoods and of tis territory as a whole. In order to meet this goal, the GPV committed in 2008 to the construction of a concerted strategy to promote the area. This strategy has several digital incarnations: The right bank blog: http://www.blog-rivedroite.fr/ Twitter : http://twitter.com/rivedroitebx Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/jaime.larivedroite

ABOUT THE "GREAT URBAN PROJECT" OF THE HAUTS DE GARONNE (GPV)

www.surlarivedroite.fr

WHAT ARE GREAT URBAN PROJECT?

Great Urban Projects ("Grands projets des villes", or GPV) come from the 1999 Management and Sustainable Development Planning Law. GPVs aim to rehabilitate one or several neighborhoods in the development dynamics of of their city. They succeeded the "Grands projets urbains" (GPU) implemented from 1991 to 1994. Following the footsteps of GPU, GPV address districts affected by unemployment, poverty, crime and overall bad reputation. The GPV program is directed towards urban, economic and social aspects as well as the improvement of its inhabitants' living conditions.

THE GPV OF THE HAUTS DE GARONNE

The GPV of the Hauts de Garonne is, for the 66 000 inhabitants of the 4 municipalities (BASSENS, CENON, FLOIRAC, LORMONT), a major challenge for the social stability and sustainable transformation. Out of the 50 GPV in France , the Bordeaux area GPV, whose responsible legal structure is a Public Interest Group (GIP-GPV), has the distinction of being the only intermunicipal GPV, which highlights the size of the agglomeration and the desire to gather all energies in order to reverse trends that have long stigmatized the right bank of the Urban Community of Bordeaux.

Project progression

In 2009 and 2010, four studies were conducted under the coordination of Fing: Aquitaine Europe Communication measured digital equipment and uses on the 4 municipalities of the territory. The MICA laboratory at the University of Bordeaux, conducted a communication audit in two parts: the "web 1.0" public actors, and "Web 2.0" uses by citizens, businesses and institutions. The ADES laboratory at the University of Bordeaux, conducted a study on the presence of local associations on the web ("1.0" and "2.0"). Finally, the company Linkfluence used its automatic search tools in order to map the "public digital expressions" that emerge from and about the GPV's territory. All reports are available at www.rivedroitenumerique.org The articulation of these studies can help consider how other territories might go about achieving their own analysis of "local digital Expressions", drawing lessons from this experiment.

3. STEP 1: THE QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF EQUIPMENT AND USES

The first step of the analysis intended, through telephone surveys, to measure the level of equipment and use of the internet and mobile phones in the area. In the case of the GPV of the right bank of the Garonne, this survey was conducted by repeating AEC's questionnaire for its yearly "Diagnosis of Digital Aquitaine2", on a larger sample population within the four municipalities.

Essential data
The framework data that is most important to collect includes: Equipment: computers at home (1, 2, +), internet (high / low speed), mobile phone Individual access to computers (home, work, public place), internet (home, work, public place), mobile internet Uses (and ideally their frequency): email, instant messaging, local information, commerce, banking, administration... "Expressive" uses: social networks, blog, community websites... Ideally, knowledge and use of certain public digital resources: public access hot spots, city hall website... It is desirable that the territory being studied be divided into significant population zones (in our case, the "higher" and "lower" areas of each of the 4 municipalities, which have quite different socio-demographic characteristics).

The survey process

Information can be collected by traditional survey methods, usually by telephone. Whenever possible, it is desirable that the survey relies on digital diagnostics that other players in the area are using as well. Having created an "over-sample" of people in the 4 GPV municipalities by repeating the method of territorial Aquitaine diagnosis, made by AEC, has two advantages: Economic: it is only a matter paying the price to make more interviews with inhabitants of the territory, rather than completing of an ad hoc survey In terms of comparison: practices of GPV populations can be compared to those of the larger urban area they belong to (Bordeaux), their department (Gironde), their region (Aquitaine).

Results
The results can be presented in a very summed up way, in order to provide an overview of digital equipment and practices, from which the following studies will be undertaken.

http://siad.aecom.org/Publications/Diagnostic_AEC 8

Restitution Example: digital equipment of GPV

Restitution example: disparity of use of social networks

(sources : AEC)

4. IN PARALLEL: THE PRESENCE OF ASSOCIATIONS AND PUBLIC ACTORS ON THE TERRITORIAL INTERNET
During the same time period, two studies have attempted to identify and analyze the web presence of local "institutions", public institutions on the one hand, associations on the other.

The web presence of local institutions

A first study conducted in 2009 by the GREC/O of the University of Bordeaux has focused on the internet presence of established players in the area: Public actors: GIP GPV himself, city halls, organizations that depend on them and other public institutions, Media, Companies. Beyond the census, the analysis also included the type of site ("1.0" or "2.0" - see 6 below) and the tone of their content. It reveals that: Their content focuses on top-down institutional communication and public relations on behalf of institutions and companies - leaving little room for interaction; Dissonance between a national press conveying "suburban" stereotypes about the territory, and a local press that is more rewarding; A world of websites centered on themselves (few outbound links), and almost exclusively "1.0", which use the the internet as a downward communication tool.

The internet presence of associations

Amlie Bonneau's master thesis3, in the department of "Development, Territories, Cultures and Environmental Management", ADES, University of Bordeaux 2, has set itself the goal to identify and analyze the involvement the GPV's local associations on the internet, distinguishing Web "1.0" (standard websites) and "2.0" (blogs, discussion tools, sharing images and videos, social networking, mapping websites...). The research was organized in 3 phases: Identify, as exhaustively as possible, existing associations from the official directory, focusing on associations whose administrative presence (eg recent tax return, changes in board ...) signal that they can be considered "active". These 795 associations have been classified according to recognized typologies4 in terms of type of their sector and "activity profile" (type A: associations participating in the activity of public bodies or closely articulated to them; type B: associations with strong militant tendency; type C: associations oriented towards the practice of an activity). In addition, the location of their headquarters was refined at the level of hyperlocal "neighbourhoods". Exploring the internet presence of these associations, from: Web directories on the city halls websites Research through search engines This manual exploration would benefit from being automated later. It has however enriched the database of associations with information on their presence on the web: address and nature of website(s), year of creation and last update, referencing or not onto city halls websites. 211 of 795 associations were seen as active on the web (115 "web 1.0" and 157 "web 2.0", some associations can be active on both types of spaces).

3 4

"Les territoires des associations : une articulation entre plusieurs espaces", 2010 TCHERNONOG V., (2007), Le paysage associatif franais : mesures et volutions, Juris association & Dalloz, 203p 10

Exploring the outgoing links from associations websites (when available) and to where these links lead: other associations, federation of associations (eg National federation for a Sports Association), institution, business, cultural structure, other

From the perspective of the GPV project, the study produced several results: An inventory of websites that may be useful for the construction of a corpus of websites to browse, for the systematic exploration of "digital space" that will follow A geographic and thematic analysis of the online dynamics of associations, and links established between them and their environment on the web - the analysis shows, in this case, that these links are poor (most hyperlinks on these sites refer to funders websites, to institutions and, where appropriate, to the relevant national federations).

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5. STEP 2: IDENTIFICATION OF THE "DIGITAL SPACES" SPECIFIC TO THE TERRITORY

The second step was to identify and map the "digital space" specific to the territory. This work was carried out by the Linkfluence company.

What is a territory-specific "digital space"?

These "spaces" refer to several criteria: They may be websites, blogs, forums or profiles in a social website They have to claim thei local origin: the headquarters of the company or association, the residence of the author, etc.. must be mentioned in the online space. Their content must (at least in part) cover the territory: whether it is about discussing local news or problems, to offer local services, to organize events, or to gather people around specific projects Thus, the blog of a person living in Lormont, with no mention of place of residence, and on matters unrelated to the territory, will not be counted among those spaces5. However, the following will be considered territory-specific "digital spaces": the website of an active local sports club; that of a company located on the territory and that would offer either products or jobs, the Facebook profile of a high school student who claims Lormont is his/her residence and organizes outings with his/her friends ...

The approach
The approach was broken down into five steps: 1- A manual exploration designed to identify lexical universes to identify the "descriptors" of the territory: Geographic descriptors: "Right Bank", names of municipalities, "synonyms" (ex. "93" and "9-3" to describe the department of Seine Saint Denis), other characteristic expressions (the name of a neighbourhood, etc.); names of major public places, associations, institutions, etc. Subject descriptors (14 "thematic communities" have been identified) Type of source: individual, community, association, media, business, institution Type of online "space": social networking site, blog, page, video, photos, forum, microblog (Twitter type) This manual, iterative exploration, initiated through search engines and followed by the tracking of links contained in the websites, constitutes an initial body of a few hundred spaces, without pretending to be exhaustive: its purpose is to build vocabularies and serve as basis for more systematic explorations. 2- Automated exploration ("crawling") of blogs, social networks, microblogs and forums located one click away from the initial corpus: in 2 iterations, this approach has identified 13,500 web spaces. 3- Within this corpus, selection of the web spaces corresponding to geographic descriptors: from 13,500 web spaces, the corpus was narrowed down to 3,100. 4- Manual exploration of the 3,100 websites to retain only those sites broadcasting from the territory (signature of origin) and about the territory: this exploration leads ultimately to retain 524 "specific digital spaces"
5

Its author probably does not consider his or her production as "local"; And privacy considrations prevented us from using indirect means of identifying the geographic origin of a web space, as long as its author did not choose to disclose it. 12

5- Automatic mapping of the web spaces and their links, on geographic (the 4 municipalities + throughout the GPV), thematic and relational criteria. The database is available online and can be explored using various tools provided by Linkfluence: http://rivedroitenumerique.org/flash_lf/

Results
The study provides several types of results: Aggregate Results The study identifies, on the whole territory and municipality: The types of active digital spaces

The most active emitters (sources)

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The main thematic communities

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Mappings The study allows to identify: Communities of spaces strongly linked to one another

Spaces with a specific status : Hubs: websites that link to many others Network nodes: websites that have "authority", towards which many links point to (but that do not necessarily point towards other sites) - most institutional sites are in this case; Bridges: spaces that connect different communities - for example cultural venues that make the link between institutions on one side and musical communities on the other. These "bridges" are, almost by definition, rather rare.

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6. STEP 3: UNDERSTANDING WHO IS SPEAKING AND WHAT IS BEING SAID ON THE TERRITORIAL INTERNET
Finally, the team of the "Audit and communications consulting" Master of the ISIC at the University of Bordeaux has conducted an extensive audit of the GPV's territory's "ereputation", focused on Web 2.0 spaces6. While the work of the previous census was focused primarily on the theme and the origin of web spaces as well as, even more importantly, the links between sites, this study was focused primarily on the content of what people say on the right bank, and how they say it7.

The methodology
First, the team has referenced the web 2.0 platforms which may offer interactive content on the right bank: Community platforms, dominated by Facebook Professional social networks, dominated by Viadeo (France) and LinkedIn (International) Platforms for reuniting former acquaintances, like Copains d'avant and Trombi.com Sharing spaces for video (Dailymotion, Youtube and Vimeo) and photos (Flickr, Picasaweb mainly), which also function as social networks Blogs and blog platforms Microblogging (Twitter) Following this, the team conducted keyword searches in each of the platforms in order to extract the (publicly available) communication spaces that reveal content and social interactions constructing the image of Right Bank: The research has identified, among those platforms, communication spaces in which appear several times (limit: 10) responses to a query on the names of GPV cities; The team then followed the links found on these spaces to explore the spaces they were directly connected to, including in their turn those in which the content relating to the cities of GPV was significantly present. Within these areas, the team systematically analyzed the "acts of communication", the content of profiles, messages, media, etc. relating to the territory of GPV. Each act was documented on a common grid: Name of emitter Location of emission (municipalities) Type of platform Media (text, image, video) Title Goal of communication action (eg: inform/communicate) Tone of message (positiv / negativ / neutral) Language level (coarse, familiar, simple, polished, expert) Message content (keyword description) Recipient(s) (eg: membres of a website, visitors, etc.) Date Address (URL) Hyperlinks The data compiling of these records has been manual. It represents 150 man-days. A "Audit de l'e-rputation du territoire du GIP-GPV", February 2010 http://rivedroitenumerique.org/IMG/zip/Synthese_travaux_160210.zip Academic year constraints prevented the 2 studies from being closely co-ordinated in time. Ideally, a local community willing to reuse this methodology should arrange for a better coordination: The priori semantic work is the same, and the automatic recension done by Linkfluence can constitute a common corpus of websites, that can then be analyzed under a variety of angles. 16

greater synergy with the previous study would have allowed to reduce it, but human intervention is still needed keep some quality in most fields. The computer processing of records allowed to describe the landscape of digital public communication actions on the web 2.0.

Results
The study has identified: That issuers are, most often, made of individuals rather than organizations, and that they reside for the major part in the GPV's territory

The dominance of social networks::

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The importance of image and video

A mostly neutral (factual) or positive tone, and a level of language further from "texting language" than could be expected

Content focused on daily life, personal world, in which the territory is very present

A significant difference between the content expressed by individuals, businesses, media and institutions - which is hardly surprising. In view of the project "Platform for digital and social innovation", the study shows, however, the relative impearmeability of these spaces: the 3 groups do not speak the same language, do not address the same subjects, and do not establish links with one another. And more specifically, the presence of municipal institutions on the web is 2.0 (early 2010, date for the study) is almost nonexistent.

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7. SUMMARY OF STUDIES
Digital practices are already significant
It appears from various studies a set of findings highlights:

Connectivity is a mass phenomenon

The inhabitants of GPV rank certainly a little below national averages in terms of departmental equipment and digital uses (computer, internet - but non-laptop), but not in a way so clear that the social territory might suggest at first sight. Nearly 3 out of 5 people are indeed connected to the Internet, a widening gap between Floirac (71%) and Cenon (54%, and less in the Netherlands Cenon) related to CSP and level of education. The mobile equipment is in the middle, and mobile Internet, if indeed it can already be measured reliably, is apparently more common use in the GPV elsewhere.

Areas of public expression are many and active

The automatic census websites, blogs and public profiles on social networks broadcasting from the territory and that publish (at least in part) about local topics brings out a relatively large sphere: about 3000 eligible sites, of whom 524 can be considered as "digital space" really active and relevant. This represents 1% of the population (excluding children) - a figure apparently low, but that in fact represents an important basis. Indeed: Other individuals and groups publish from the territory, but not necessarily claim it, or talking about something else (eg, music and comics, to cite actual examples encountered in the GPV). A blog, a forum of association, a Facebook profile, attract external contributions of people that we do not how to recognize statistically, but are much more numerous than the original authors. From comparable examples, we can estimate that between 5% and 10% of the population is currently a "contributor" of public content (sites, pages, profiles, comments, contributions in forums ...) on the web.

The GPV web world is organized according to 4 active universes, but which share little or no communication: Institutions (present, but mostly on the "web 1.0", and does not refer to the rest of the web) 19

Businesses (present on web 1.0 and 2.0, but not interested in the territory itself) Associations (present for its members and funders, but with no link with eachother or other resources from the territory) Individuals (dominant Web 2.0 - blogs and Facebook - to exchange between ourselves and about our daily local life)

One of the challenges of the project is to promote PINS bringing these worlds, serving the cohesion of the territory, its image, economic and social development.

Another finding from the studies is that the majority of expressions and exchanges on daily topics that are very local, and reflects relationships rooted in the territory: for example, the importance of musical communities reflected in Floirac heavily on the web, or even the fact that the school Lormont meet adolescents from all over the territory is reflected in the existing communities of websites related to each other from different municipalities. Among the topics covered: Systematic domination of the theme "Youth & neighborhoods," except for Floirac where music takes over as the recognition factor; "Companies and professionals" depending on municipalities are second or third field; Then comes the theme "Individuals and personal networks" (which reflects the daily life of adults - "youths and neighborhoods" reflecting the teens); The latter subjects which are truly significant are sports and music, around which form small communities, with strong bonds and involved.

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The "thematic communities" on the internet of the territory of GPV

The PINS project must be based on these dynamics, and support them in turn to enable them to contribute to the quality of life and social ties in the area.

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APPENDIX- SYNTHESIS OF THE SURVEYS ON 2 OF THE GPV'S CITIES

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BASSENS
6,655 inhabitants (2007) +2.8% / 1990 10.1% of the population of the GPV

Digital equipment below the average of the GPV, but most of the Internet connection

The smallest number of digital expression of the right bank 10.0% of all "digital spaces8" within the territory of the GPV, for 10.1% of the population. On what kind of media? A very high use of social networks, which represent more than 65% of all media used.

Sites, pages, blogs, forums that explicitly emit from, and at least in part about, the GPV territory. 23

Who is speaking? A community dominated by contributions from ordinary citizens (One out of two digital space in the Bassens community) and associations (26%, vs. 12% for the entire GPV). At the expense of space produced by companies, 2.6% against 13.4% across the GPV. Note that the only digital space covered by a trade union is based in Bassens.

What do they talk about? The most represented "Thematic communities" are: "Youth & neighbourhood", 31% of the total vs. 24% across the GPV "Personal life & circle of friends", 20.5% against 7%. Those 2 communities are close on a thematic level. The "Personal life & circle of friends" consists of people (both men and women, aged 25 and over), mainly using social networks, who use the internet to maintain their personal networks. "Sports" is equally overrepresented: 18% against 9%.

Associations are more digital than the GPV average, and heavily into Web 2.0 (a 1/3 of associations use it as a means of communication)
All active associations, 2010 Presence of a link on the city council's website Extended digital expressions on the Web Local digital expressions on the Web Local digital expressions on the Web 1.0 Local digital expressions on the Web 2.0 Bassens 63 79.4% 46.0% 33.3% 15.9% 30.2% GPV 795 50.6% 32.7% 26.5% 14.5% 19.7%

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What are the urban dynamics?

Overall

the analysis is more difficult because Basses is the city with the lowest number of digital spaces. A majority of spaces are occupied by the "Personal life & circle of friends" community. Beyond this mostly unlinked community (little or no incoming or outgoing links towards other web spaces in the GPV territory), we find some "Youth & Neighbourhood" digital spaces inserted in a larger group of spaces originating from several cities of the right bank.

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Who acts as network nodes, hubs , and bridges ?

The most visible node is the Bassens City Council website. As in other cities of the right bank, it acts as an "authority" (attracting many incoming links); however on its side is hardly links to any other website of the territory and thus provides little contribution to its online dynamics. The other central website to the Bassens websphere is supported by the Great Urban Project: the touring festival of comics "BD-Bulles", which Bassens hosted in 2010. Finally, there is a small sports community (football and rugby clubs), linked by the Intersport shop of Lormont, which is their sponsor. It seems that rugby occupies a prominent role within sports in Bassens (but also throughout the right bank). In many of their online profiles, young users give prominence to the fact that they are rugby players (http://fr.netlog.com/loulourugby, http://fr.netlog.com/pitchono, etc.).

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CENON
22,732 inhabitants (2007) -6% / 1990 34.5% of the GPV population 148 digital spaces

Digital equipment below average in all areas, but a highly active web scene

Despite that, the most active digital expression within GPV, concentrated around youth, businesses and professionals 39.1% of all "digital spaces9" within the territory of the GPV, for 34.5% of the population. On what kind of media? Social Networks are popular in Cenon (61.5% of all digital spaces), well above the average of GPV (47.7%) and other digital tools. In parallel, the use of traditional websites is well below territory average with 13.5% for Cenon against 24% for GPV.

Sites, pages, blogs, forums that explicitly emit from, and at least in part about, the GPV territory. 27

Who is speaking? Like in other municipalities, in Cenon, personal expressions are most important. Businesses and professionals come next (18%, close to the GPV average), then collective contributions (16%) and associations (11%). Spaces produced by institutions, government agencies lag behind at 7%, vs. 13% across the GPV.

What is being said? The "Youth and Neighbourhood" theme is predominant in Cenon, with more than a third of numerical expressions. Music and dance only represent 5% of all digital spaces, compared to 28% in Floirac, reflecting the importance that active "network nodes" can play in the local web dynamics. "Business and Professionals" represent 18% of all spaces.

The digital presence of associations is close to the average of the GPV, apart from their representation on the municipal portal
Cenon 258 43.8% 34.5% 28.7% 15.1% 20.5% GPV 795 50.6% 32.7% 26.5% 14.5% 19.7%

All active associations, 2010 Presence of a link on the city council's website Extended digital expressions on the Web Local digital expressions on the Web Local digital expressions on the Web 1.0 Local digital expressions on the Web 2.0

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What are the urban dynamics?

Overall

The "Youth & Neighbourhood" community is the most structured of all digital spaces of Cenon. At its center, a tightly connected community focused on youth in Cenon. The other "Youth & Neighbourhood" group on the right is less important but it is more open to the outside: It is mostly composed of youths from all GPV municipalities who study at the same secondary school, the Lyce de Cenon. The "Business and professionals" as well as the "Sports" communities are significant in numbers, yet the websites that compose theses communities are almost never related to one another, nor to other local web spaces. Within this space, the "Devils Cenon" American Football club's MySpace page is heavily linked to other clubs, but outside the territory of the right bank, which explains their non-existent links with local entities. A "culture" pole can also be distinguished, but it appears to be mostly, is actually a variation of online manifestations (web, Myspace, Twitter, Facebook) of the new and very active "Rocher de Palmer" cultural institution. At the top of the map, we can identify a mole of public institutions, associations and commerce, with some links but little connectivity with other spaces.

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Who acts as network nodes, hubs , and bridges ?

Two young boys serve as network nodes in the "Youth & neighborhood" community. They receive a lot of links, yet they themselves do not link out very heavily. The Rocher de Palmer with its many web manifestations, occupies the role of "cultural pole", and also acts as a bridge with its MySpace page, that links towards some musicians in Floirac. It also links towards the cultural blog maintained by the Cenon city hall (http://blogs.villecenon.fr/). Finally the site of the city of Cenon enjoys a high centrality, it is one of the most connected websites on map. However, it fails in its role as a connector, a "hub", in the sense that it does not redistributes its connectivity to the territory (it receives far more incoming links than it links towards other sites), and does not contribute to structuring its own online territory.

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