Lesson

1 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

It is the belief that one's own culture is
the main standard by which other
cultures may be measured. It is also the
tendency to think of one’s culture as
superior to other cultures.
Ethnocentrism may cause
people to practice
. That
could lead to
.
It is the idea that all norms, beliefs, and
values are dependent on their cultural
context, and should be treated as such.
It calls for an unbiased evaluation and
understanding of other cultures.
Cultural relativism means
Is the idea that people from
different cultures can have
relationships that acknowledge,
respect and begin to understand
each other’s diverse lives.
It is a culturally-based tendency to value
other cultures more highly than one's
own, which can materialize in a variety
of different ways.
It is “an unreasonable fear or hatred
of foreigners or strangers or of that
which is foreign or strange”
It is the process of adopting the
behavior patterns of the culture in
which a person is immersed in.
Hatred or intolerance of
another race or other races.
 DO UNTO OTHERS
WHAT YOU WANT
OTHERS DO UNTO YOU.
Lesson

2 Forms of Tangible and Intangible Heritage

 Heritage is anything that is
considered important enough
to be passed on to the future
generations.
Legacy is what remains after one’s time.
Handed down from one generation to
another, legacy magnifies one’s life and
living. It is said that legacy is what cultural
heritage is. According to John Feather,
CULTURAL HERITAGE is a human creation
intended to inform.
• architectures such as buildings, houses,
and structures
• artifacts like books, documents, objects,
images, clothing, accessories, and jars
• things that make people who they are,
like oral stories, values, laws, norms,
rituals, and traditions
• traditional clothing
• utensils (e.g. beadwork, water vessels)
• vehicles (e.g. the ox wagon)
• documents (e.g. codes, laws, land titles,
literature)
• public works and architecture built and
constructed by a cultural group (e.g.
buildings, historical places monuments,
temples, graves, roads, bridges)
• stories and songs
• memories
• myths
• beliefs and superstitions
• ways of life
• customs
• • oral poetry
• attitudes and interactions between individuals and
communities
• words only used in old crafts and trades
• various forms of traditional knowledge
such as ethnobotanical knowledge
Documents whose authenticity are yet to be determined include
the Hitler diaries, crystal skulls of Mesoamerica (tangible), and
the status or story of Saint Nicholas' companion, Black Peter
(intangible).

Authenticity or truthfulness of origin, attributes, and

intentions of cultural heritage are one of the issues
concerning the sources of our culture.

Aside from authenticity issues, preservation, or

the act of making a cultural heritage last and exist,
is also a primary concern..
 According to UNESCO, “heritage is our
legacy from the past, what we live with today,
and what we pass on to future generations.
Our cultural and natural heritage are both
irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.”
Indeed, whatever we had yesterday is our
present, and whatever we make out of it will
be the foundation of our future. We better
ensure that it is well taken care of.