CONFIDENTIAL AS/JUL 2022/CHM421

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL TEST

COURSE : ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

COURSE CODE : CHM421
EXAMINATION : JULY 2022
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1 This question paper consists of five (5) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3. This test is conducted online. This is an open book test.

4. Please name your document as Name_ Student ID

5. Answer ALL questions in English.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 44 printed pages

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CONFIDENTIAL 2 AS/JUL 2022/CHM421

QUESTION 1

3.743 g of a weak monoprotic acid, HA was dissolved in water to a volume of 250 mL in a

volumetric flask. Then 25.0 mL of this solution was titrated with KOH solution where 16.0 mL
of 0.192 M KOH was required to neutralize it.
a) State the approximate pH at the equivalence point of the titration and give your reason.
(2 marks)

b) Suggest a suitable indicator and state its colour change at the end point.
(2 marks)

c) Give the chemical equation of the reaction involved in the titration.

(1 mark)

d) Calculate the molecular weight of HA.

(5 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) A Ca2+ solution was prepared by dissolving 0.524 g of CaCO 3 in some water with 5 mL of
concentrated HCl acid. This solution was then neutralized by a dilute NaOH solution,
transferred to a 500 mL volumetric flask and diluted to the mark with distilled water. Then
25.0 mL of this Ca2+ solution was pipetted into a conical flask and titrated with 22.7 mL
EDTA to the end point.

i) Identify the primary standard in this analysis.

(1 mark)

ii) Calculate the molar concentration of the EDTA solution.

(5 marks)

b) In an experiment to determine the chloride content, 10.0 mL of a water sample was titrated
with 26.5 mL of 0.0116 M AgNO3 using Mohr method. Calculate the concentration of
chloride in the water sample in g/L.
(4 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL 3 AS/JUL 2022/CHM421

QUESTION 3

a) Give the meaning of chemical oxygen demand (COD).

(2 marks)

b) Describe briefly the procedure to determine COD using potassium dichromate as the
oxidizing agent.
(4 marks)

c) Explain how to visually ensure that there is an excess amount of K 2Cr2O7 to oxidize all
the organic matter for the COD determination.
(4 marks)

QUESTION 4

a) Nucleation is one of the mechanisms of precipitate formation.

i) Point out two mechanisms of nucleation in the formation of a precipitate.

(2 marks)

ii) With the aid of a diagram, illustrate on how these two mechanisms occur.
(4 marks)

b) In an experiment, a student had recovered Fe 2O3 precipitate. During filtration, the

student washed the precipitate for a long period of time, with 30 mL ethanol once. Give
your comment on this procedure and suggest a method to improve the washing
effectiveness using the same amount of solvent.
(4 marks)

c) List four ideal characteristics of a precipitating agent.

(4 marks)

d) An aluminium ore sample was dissolved in HNO 3, filtered and precipitated into Al(OH)3
after the reaction with a base. The precipitate was subsequently washed and ignited into
alumina, Al2O3 which was later cooled in a dessicator and weighed 0.1095 g.

i) Determine the gravimetric factor for the above analysis.

(3 marks)

ii) Calculate the weight of Al in the sample.

(3 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL 4 AS/JUL 2022/CHM421

QUESTION 5

a) A chemist purifies a mixture of compounds A, B and C by normal phase chromatography,

using silica gel as a stationary phase and a 2:1 hexanes-diethyl ether (v:v) solution as
an eluent. The polarity of compounds A, B, and C is shown below. Give the order of
elution of compounds A, B, and C from the fastest to the slowest in the column. Explain
your prediction.

Compound A – polar
Compound B – highly polar
Compound C – non-polar
(4 marks)

b) The process of locating analytes on a thin-layer chromatography plate after separation

is often termed visualization. Indicate two methods of visualization.
(2 mark)

c) Rf value is the ratio of the distance travelled by the solute to the distance travelled by the
solvent. (Rf = Distance travelled by the solute / Distance travelled by the solvent). Explain
the significance of Rf value in chromatography.
(2 marks)

d) Suggest one way to overcome an issue if unknown sample does not move during TLC
chromatography.
(2 Marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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