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Respiratory System: Questions
Respiratory System: Questions
Respiratory System
8 A 14-year-old girl with the common cold presents with (A) Basal cells
a “stuffy nose” due to nasal congestion. Which of the (B) Brush cells
following represents a hallmark of the lamina propria in (C) Goblet cells
the nasal cavity? (D) Neurons
(A) Elastic fibers (E) Supporting cells
(B) Loose connective tissue
12 The cell described in Question 11 is best characterized as
(C) Lymphocytes which of the following types of neurons?
(D) Reticular fibers (A) Bipolar
(E) Rich vascular plexus (B) Interneuron
(C) Motor
9 Which of the following mechanisms of disease best
(D) Multipolar
describes the pathogenesis of nasal congestion in the
patient described in Question 8? (E) Pseudounipolar
(A) Increased secretion from mucous glands in the lam- 13 Which of the following cells in the olfactory epithelium
ina propria of the nasal cavity is responsible for the recovery of olfac-
(B) Increased secretion from serous glands in the lamina tory perception in the patient described in Question 10?
propria (A) Basal cells
(C) Infiltration of the lamina propria with chronic (B) Brush cells
inflammatory cells (C) Goblet cells
(D) Overproduction of mucus by goblet cells in the (D) Olfactory neurons
respiratory epithelium
(E) Supporting cells
(E) Swelling of the lamina propria of the nasal
mucosa 14 Which of the following cells of the olfactory epithelium
is equivalent functionally to neuroglial cells of the cen-
10 A 48-year-old woman with a 3-day history of an upper tral nervous system?
respiratory infection complains that she has lost her (A) Basal cells
sense of smell. Her perception of smell recovers about (B) Brush cells
1 week later. The epithelial lining of which portion of (C) Goblet cells
the respiratory system was temporally affected in this (D) Olfactory neurons
patient?
(E) Supporting cells
(A) Larynx
(B) Nasal vestibule 15 A portion of olfactory mucosa is obtained at autopsy and
(C) Nasopharynx examined by light microscopy (shown in the image).
(D) Olfactory region of nasal cavity Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
(E) Respiratory region of nasal cavity
33 A lung specimen (shown in the image) is examined in 35 The area within the rectangular box shown in the
the pathology department. Identify the structure within image described in Question 34 is examined at higher
the oval. magnification (shown in the image). Identify the cells
indicated by the arrows.
(A) Bronchiole
(B) Extrapulmonary bronchus (A) Basal cells
(C) Pulmonary artery (B) Brush cells
(D) Respiratory bronchiole (C) Clara cells
(E) Segmental bronchus (D) Goblet cells
(E) Small granule cells
34 Another area from the specimen described in
Question 33 is examined by light microscopy (shown 36 You are involved in a research project to study the biol-
in the image). Identify the structure within the oval ogy of Clara cells. As part of your research, you develop
line. a monoclonal antibody that identifies these cells in
paraffin-embedded sections. Immunohistochemical
assays using your antibody confirm that Clara
cells first appear in the epithelium of the broncho-
pulmonary tree at which of the following anatomic
locations?
(A) Alveolar sacs
(B) Alveoli
(C) Large bronchioles
(D) Segmental bronchi
(E) Terminal bronchioles
38 A section of normal lung tissue is examined by light 41 In the image shown for Question 40, the space indicated
microscopy at low magnification (shown in the image). by number 1 is best identified as which of the following
Identify the space indicated by the asterisk. components of the respiratory system?
(A) Alveolar duct
(B) Alveolar sac
(C) Alveolus
(D) Respiratory bronchiole
(E) Terminal bronchiole
53 Respiratory distress syndrome described in Question 56 A lung carcinoma is resected, and the tumor margin is
52 was most likely caused by lack of fetal development carefully examined in the pathology department (shown
(immaturity) of which of the following cells? in the image). The arteriole indicated by the arrow on the
(A) Brush cells image is a branch from which of the following arteries?
(B) Clara cells
(C) Goblet cells
(D) Type I alveolar cells
(E) Type II alveolar cells