'16 Stimuli, receptors and

responses

Q&A

Name the stimulus and response in phototropism.

說出向光性的刺激和反應。
Stimulus : unilateral light.

Response : The shoot grows towards light (positive phototropism)

刺激 : 單向光。
反應 : 枝幹向光⽣⻑ (正向光性)。
What is the importance of phototropism?
向光性有什麼重要性？
Shoot can obtain more light for photosynthesis.

Root can grow into the soil to obtain more water and to get better
anchorage.

枝幹能獲取更多陽光作光合作⽤。
根可⽣⼊泥⼟獲取⽔分和營養，並固定整株植物。
What is the function of the clinostat?
旋轉器有什麼功⽤？

'16 Stimuli, receptors and responses 1

 The clinostat rotates the plant to nullify the unilateral stimulus (the
unilateral light). This is used

in the control to show that the response in the "test" is due to the
unilateral light and not to other

factors.

旋轉器旋轉植物以抵消單向光的刺激，這應⽤於對照實驗以顯⽰被測試的
植物的向光性是因
單向光⽽起，⽽⾮因其他的因素。
Which region of the plant can show bending?
植物的那⼀區域能作彎曲 ?

The region of curvature is at the region of maximum growth.

能作彎屈的區域位於最⼤⽣⻑區。
What is auxin?
⽣⻑素是什麼？
Auxins are plant hormones produced from the tips of the root and shoot.

⽣⻑素是由根尖和莖尖所產⽣的植物激素。
What is the action of auxin on the growth of the plant?
⽣⻑素對植物的⽣⻑有什麼作⽤？
They diffuse downward in the shoot and upward in the root. They
stimulate growth of the growing

tissues at optimum concentrations.

它們在莖向下擴散⽽在根則向上擴散，在最佳濃度下刺激⽣⻑組織的⽣
⻑。
Describe and explain the requirement of auxin in root.
描述和解釋根部對⽣⻑素的需求。
The roots require relatively low auxin concentration for maximum
growth. Thus further increase

of auxin concentration in the roots would retard their growth.

相對於莖，根只需少許⽣⻑素便可達到最⼤的⽣⻑，更⾼濃度的⽣⻑素會
減慢根部的⽣⻑。

'16 Stimuli, receptors and responses 2

 Describe and explain the requirement of auxin in shoot.
描述和解釋莖部對⽣⻑素的需求。
The shoots require relatively high auxin concentration for maximum
growth. Thus further increase

of auxin concentration in the shoots would stimulate their growth.

莖需要相對較⾼的⽣⻑素濃度以達致最⼤的⽣⻑，增加⽣⻑素的濃度會刺
激它的⽣⻑。
What is the effect of light on auxin?
光對⽣⻑素有什麼影響？
(1) Auxin is partially inactivated by light.

光令⽣⻑素喪失部份活躍性。
(2) Auxin migrates away from light.

⽣⻑素會游離光源。
Explain positive phototropism of stem by auxin distribution.
⽤⽣⻑素的分佈解釋莖部的正向光性
Light affects the auxin distribution, more auxin on the shaded side,
because auxin migrates

away from light. In the shoot, more auxin on the shaded side stimulates
growth on this side.

The shoot grows towards the unilateral light.

單向光影響⽣⻑素的分佈，⽣⻑素會被光抑制及游離光源，較多⽣⻑素在
陰暗⾯，
在莖部，較多⽣⻑素在陰暗⾯會刺激此⾯的⽣⻑，莖便彎向單向光⽣⻑。
Explain negative phototropism of root by auxin distribution.
⽤⽣⻑素的分佈解釋根部的負向光性
Light affects the auxin distribution, more auxin on the shaded side,
because auxin migrates

away from light. In the root, more auxin on the shaded side inhibits
growth on this side.

The root grows away from the unilateral light.

單向光影響⽣⻑素的分佈，⽣⻑素游離光源，較多⽣⻑素在陰暗⾯，
'16 Stimuli, receptors and responses 3
 在根部，較多⽣⻑素在陰暗⾯會抑制此⾯的⽣⻑，根便彎離單向⽣光⻑。
How is tropism brought about?
向性反應是如何造成的 ?

The response is a growth movement, brought about by (1) enlargement

of cell, (2) uneven

distribution of auxin in plant tissues.

向性反應是⼀種⽣⻑移動，是由於(1)細胞體積增⼤、(2) ⽣⻑素不平均分
佈所做成。

'16 Stimuli, receptors and responses 4