Words to Ponder

Educ 4: FOUNDATIONS OF INCLUSIVE AND SPECIAL EDUCATION

Ability - Abilities are powers an agent has to perform various actions. They include common
abilities, like walking, and rare abilities, like performing a double backflip.

Academic - of, relating to, or associated with an academy or school especially of higher
learning the academic curriculum academic courses. b: of or relating to performance in
courses of study academic excellence academic achievements.

Accomplishment - a: the act or fact of accomplishing something: completion

accomplishment of a goal a feeling of accomplishment. b: something that has been
accomplished: achievement Her family is proud of her academic accomplishments. an
impressive accomplishment

Achievement - the act of achieving something the achievement of an ambition. 2a: a result

gained by effort: accomplishment being honored for her academic achievements a major
scientific achievement. b: a great or heroic deed. 3: the quality and quantity of a student's
work standardized tests to measure achievement.

Analysis - a detailed examination of anything complex in order to understand its nature or

to determine its essential features: a thorough study doing a careful analysis of the problem.
b: a statement of such an examination. 2: separation of a whole into its component parts.

Anecdotal records - brief notes teachers take as they observe children. The notes document
a range of behaviors in areas such as literacy, mathematics, social studies, science, the arts,
social and emotional development, and physical development.

Behavior - the way in which someone conducts oneself or behaves (see behave sense 1) We
were grateful for the gracious behavior of our hostess. The children were rewarded for good
behavior. Be on your best behavior.
Building Community - Building communities is a process that not only fosters connection
amongst people, but it offers a collective space for experience sharing. Community spaces
— if designed through systems of safety, openness and good moderation — allow people to
share their experiences and learn from one another.

Child - a young person especially between infancy and puberty a play for both children and
adults. b: a person not yet of the age of majority, Under the law she is still a child. c: a
childlike or childish person He is a child in most business matters.

Competent - proper or rightly pertinent. having requisite or adequate ability or qualities: fit a
competent teacher a competent piece of work. And legally qualified or adequate a
competent witness.

Cultivating - To improve or develop by careful attention, training, or study : devote time and
thought to He's trying to cultivate a better attitude.

Curriculum Modification - or modifications are alterations to the curriculum to better suit

the needs of students who have some level of disadvantage. Learn the different types of
accommodations and modifications that allow teachers to adjust the curriculum to better
educate their students.

Determination - firm or fixed intention She set out with determination to complete the
journey. an act of deciding or the decision reached Has the jury made a determination? an
act of making sure of the position, size, or nature of something a determination of location.

Discriminatory incidents - the practice of unfairly treating a person or group differently

from other people or groups of people the law prohibits discrimination against the disabled.
the ability to see differences Police use a dog's discrimination of smells. discrimination.

Diversity - is differences in racial and ethnic, socioeconomic, geographic, and

academic/professional backgrounds. People with different opinions, backgrounds (degrees
and social experience), religious beliefs, political beliefs, sexual orientations, heritage, and
life experience.

Dyslexia - a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying
speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called
reading disability, dyslexia affect areas of the brain that process language.

Education - Education is both the act of teaching knowledge to others and the act of
receiving knowledge from someone else. Education also refers to the knowledge received
through schooling or instruction and to the institution of teaching as a whole.

Equitable quality Education - Equitable quality education can lead to peace, social justice
and sustainable development; the challenge is to aim for more than measurable short-term
outcomes. This is an opportunity to put in place a framework for sustainable development
that is aspirational and courageous.

Exclusionary - having the effect of excluding or shutting out someone or something: In

wealthy suburbs with good schools, exclusionary zoning policies often block affordable
housing development and keep out low-income people.

Experience - practical contact with and observation of facts or events

Functional - connected with, or being a function the functional differences between the

departments. affecting physiological or psychological functions but not organic structure
functional heart disease.

Genuine - truly what something is said to be; authentic.

Goal - A goal is an objective or target that someone is trying to reach or achieve. Goal is also
the end point of a race or something that a player is trying to put an object into as part of a
game. Goal has other senses as a noun. A goal is an aim or objective that you work toward
with effort and determination.

Impairment - Impairment in a person's body structure or function, or mental functioning;

examples of impairments include loss of a limb, loss of vision or memory loss. Activity
limitation, such as difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, or problem solving.

Inclusive - including or covering all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or
required.

Instructional Support - Instructional supports refer to those in- and out-of-class scaffolds
that ensure that all students, regardless of previous academic preparation, can meet high
expectations and rigorous standards. Student-centered schools support students' ongoing
academic development

Intelligence - the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations
reason also the skilled use of reason. the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's
environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria (such as tests)

Intervention - action taken to improve a situation, especially a medical disorder.

Learner Accommodation - Learning accommodations are personalized assessment,

instructional, and environmental strategies necessary for an individual student to reach
curriculum objectives for a course or academic program.

Legal bases of Special Education - Special Education in the Philippines is anchored on the
following fundamental legal documents. An Act Providing for The Rehabilitation, Self-
Development And Self-Reliance Of Disabled Person And Their Integration Into The
Mainstream Of Society And For Other Purposes 

Loden's Diversity Wheel - Loden's depiction of important group-based differences was the
Diversity Wheel, a model that pointed to what is core to our social identities, the ways in
which people derive a sense of self when identifying with certain groups.

Macrosystem - is the larger culture as a whole and includes socioeconomic status, wealth,
poverty, and ethnicity. This further includes children, their parents and school, and their
parent's workplace as part of a larger cultural context.

Marginalized - to relegate to an unimportant or powerless position within a society or

group We are protesting policies that marginalize women.

Mass media - Mass media refers to a diverse array of media technologies that reach a large
audience via mass communication.

Modification - the act or process of changing parts of something. 2 : a slightly changed

form. modification.

Norm - an authoritative standard model. a principle of right action binding upon the members of a
group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior No society lacks norms
governing conduct.

Observation - Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. In

living beings, observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the
perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments. The term may also
refer to any data collected during the scientific activity.

Person with Disabilities - Persons with disabilities (PWDs), according the UN Convention on
the Rights of Persons With Disabilities, include those who have long-term physical, mental,
intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder
their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.

Orchestrating Learning - being used increasingly often, referring to the coordination

activities performed while applying learning technologies to authentic settings.

Philosophy - Quite literally, the term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom." In a broad
sense, philosophy is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand
fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to
the world and to each other.

Physical Characteristics - means a bodily condition or bodily characteristic of any person

which is from birth, accident, or disease, or from any natural physical development, or any
other event outside the control of that person including height, weight, and individual
physical mannerisms.

Preventative measure - means any reasonable measures taken by any person in response to

an incident, to prevent, minimize, or mitigate loss or damage, or to effect environmental
clean-up

Principle - a general or basic truth on which other truths or theories can be based scientific
principles. a rule of conduct based on beliefs of what is right and wrong. a law or fact of
nature which makes possible the working of a machine or device the principle of magnetism.

Quality Learning - Refers to how well the learning opportunities available to students help
them to become knowledgeable citizens who have problem-solving skills, relevant work
skills and good inter-personal skills. Quality learning focuses on what happens to the student
while in school for his or her benefit in future.

social categories - is a collection of individuals who have at least one attribute in common
but otherwise do not necessarily interact. Women is an example of a social category. All
women have at least one thing in common, their biological sex, even though they do not
interact.

Social Model - The social model seeks to change society in order to accommodate people
living with impairment; it does not seek to change persons with impairment to
accommodate society. It supports the view that people with disability have a right to be fully
participating citizens on an equal basis with others.

SPED (Special Education) - Students needing special education include those with autism
spectrum disorders, vision and hearing impairment, intellectual disability (functioning far
below age levels), emotional disorders, specific learning disabilities related to reading or
ability to do math, and speech and language impairment.

Spiritual Belief - include the relationship to a superior being and are related to an existential
perspective on life, death, and the nature of reality. 11. Religious beliefs include
practices/rituals such as prayer or meditation and engagement with religious community
members.

Sustainable Development Goals - The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise

known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet
and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

Theory - A theory is a carefully thought-out explanation for observations of the natural
world that has been constructed using the scientific method, and which brings together
many facts and hypotheses.