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Columns Columns
Columns Columns
Steel Ratio = =
Ast
Ag
Spacing = Smallest of ;
a. 16 x (Diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar).
b. 48 x (Diameter of the Tie).
c. Least column dimension.
d. 300 mm.
Shape of the Ties
Ties should be placed in such a way that every corner
longitudinal bar, every alternate bar and bars having
clear spacing greater than 150 mm, should be enclosed
by a tie having an included angle not greater than 135 o.
Hooks
o
< 135
Hooks
o
< 135
C.S. < 150 mm
Spiral column
shell spalls
Load
Heavy Spiral
Failure of
columns tied Balanced/
or with very ACI Spiral
light spirals
Light Spiral
Terminologies
dsp
S = Pitch
Core
concrete
Dc
fc* = 4 f2’+ 0.85 fc’ …………… (1)
Considering equilibrium of
forces, f2
2 Asp fsp = f2 Dc S
2 Asp fsp
f2 = ……………… (2) fsp fsp
Dc .S
Volume of spiralsteel π 4 d π D
sp
2
c
sp Volume of core concrete π 4 D S
c
2
4 Asp
……………………………………… (3)
sp Dc S
.
sp fsp
f ……………………………………… (5)
2 2
Taking fsp=fy ,
f '2 f
sp y
……………………………………… (6)
2
Using Equation (6) in (1),
Additional strength = 2 sp fy
Reduction in strength due to falling of cover
= 0.85 fc’( Ag – Ac )
0.85 fc’( Ag – Ac ) = 2 sp fy Ac
A
f ' g
0.425 1
c
sp
fy Ac
4 Asp 4
π d 2
4 sp π d 2
sp ……………………… (8)
sp Dc S D S D S
c c
f ' A
g
π dsp 2
0.45 c 1
fy Ac Dc S
So,
π dsp2 fy
Smax A
g
0.45 Dc fc' 1
Ac
DESIGN OF SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT
π dsp2 fy
Smax
A
g
0.45 Dc fc' 1
Ac
CONCLUDED