Course Contents of BS Programme for other Departments of GCUF

PHY-321 Fundamentals of Mechanics 3(2-1)

Vectors, one and two dimensional motion with constant acceleration, Motion in three
dimensions with constant acceleration, Newton’s laws in three dimensional vectors form,
Projectile motion, Drag forces and the motion of projectiles, Momentum, Linear and
angular momentum, Impulse and momentum, Conservation of momentum, Two body
collision, Center of mass, Two particles system, Many particles system, Rotational
motion and variables, Rotation with constant angular acceleration, relation between
linear and angular variables, energy, Kinetic and potential energy, Work, Energy and
work done by a constant force, Fluid flow, Streamlines and equation of continuity,
Oscillator, Simple harmonic oscillator, Energy and applications, Damped harmonic
oscillation, Mechanical waves and Types, Wave speed on stretched string, Energy in
wave motion, Interference of waves, Standing waves and resonance, Properties of sound
waves, Traveling sound waves, Power and intensity of sound waves, Beats, Doppler
effect,
1. To Study the damping features of an oscillation system using simple pendulum of
variable mass.
2. To determine the value of ‘g’ be compound pendulum.
3. To determine the modulus of rigidity of a flat spiral spring.
4. To determine the modulus of rigidity of a wire by solid cylindrical rod.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011, Fundamental Physics, 9 th Ed. Ed, John
Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
2. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5 th Ed, John Wiley
and Sons Inc. New York.
3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000, University Physics, 8th Ed, Addison-
Wesley. Reading (MA) USA.

PHY-322 Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism 3(2-1)

Electric charges, Conductor, Insulators, Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Electric field
intensity, Flux of electric field, Gauss’s law and applications, Potential energy, Electric
potential energy, Electric potential, Capacitor, Capacitance, Capacitors in series and
parallel, Energy storage in an electric field, Electric current, Electromotive force, Motion
of charge particles in electrical and magnetic fields, Analysis of circuits, Resistors in
series and parallel, Energy transferred in an electric circuit, Magnetic force on a moving
charge, Magnetic force on a current carrying wire, Ampere’s law, Faraday law of
induction, Lenz’s law, Motional emf, Generator and motors, Induced electric fields,
Visible light, Speed of light, Reflection and refraction of light waves, Double refraction,
Polarization by scattering, Total internal reflection, Diffraction, Single slit diffraction,
Diffraction grating, X-ray diffraction, Polarization, Types of polarization,
 1. To study the behavior of RLC series circuit and determination of its resonance
frequency.
2. To study the behavior of RLC Parallel circuit and determination of its resonance
frequency.
3. Calibration of a voltmeter by a potentiometer.
4. Calibration of an ammeter by a potentiometer.
5. To determine the high resistance by Neon flash lamp and a capacitor.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011, Fundamental Physics, 9 th Ed. Ed, John
Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
2. Young and Freedman, 2010 University Physics 12th edition.
3. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5th Ed, John Wiley and
Sons Inc. New York.
4. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000, University Physics, 8 th Ed, Addison-Wesley.
Reading (MA) USA.

PHY-323 Concepts of Modern Physics 3(2 –1)

Thermal radiation and laws, quantization of energy, Photoelectric effect, the Compton
effect, line spectra, wave behavior of particles. Testing de Broglie’s hypothesis, waves,
wave packets and prarticles, Hersenberg’s uncertainty principle, wave function,
Schrodinger equation, trapped particles and probability densities, the correspondence
principle, dual nature of matter. The atomic structure of hydrogen. Bohar’s theory,
angular momentum of electrons, electron spin, X-ray spectrum, LASERS. Discovering
the nucleus, basic nuclear properties. Radioactive decay. Energy from the nucleus,
nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion, Nuclear reactors. Electronics, the p-n junction, Bias the
p-n junction diode, diode, characteristics of diode. Different models, and types of diodes
(LED, Photo diode, Zener diode), half-wave and full-wave rectifier, full-wave bridge
rectifier. Filter circuits. Bipolar junction transistor (BJT), BJT applications as a switch
and amplifier.

1. Variation of photo electric current with intensity of incident light.

2. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor
filter.
3. Design a Half-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor
filter.
4. To study characteristics of NOT, AND, NOR, NOR, NAND and XOR and
verify their truth table.

Recommended Books:

1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011, Fundamental Physics, 9 th Ed. Ed, John
Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
2. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5th Ed, John Wiley and
Sons Inc. New York.
 3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000, University Physics, 8 th Ed, Addison-Wesley.
Reading (MA) USA.

PHY-324 Introduction to Heat and Thermodynamics 3(2–1)

Kinetic theory of the ideal gas; work done on an ideal gas, material energy of an ideal
gas, intermolecular forces. Statistical mechanics, statistical distribution and mean values,
distribution molecular speeds, distribution of energies, Brownian motion. Heat, different
theories of heat, specific heat, gram molecular specific heat, laws of thermodynamics.
Zeroth law, first law, second law, third law of thermodynamics, reversible and
irreversible processes, indicator diagram, entropy, law of thermodynamics, reversible and
irreversible processes, indicator diagram, entropy law of increase of entropy,
temperature-entropy diagram. Maxwell’s thermodynamics relations, TDS equations,
Clapeyron’s equation, entropy and second law of thermodynamics. Temperature scale,
entropy, low temperature physics. Thermoelectricity, Seabeck effect, Peltier effect,
thermocouple.
1. The determination of wavelength of light by Diffraction grating.
2. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor
filter.
3. Design a Half-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor
filter.
4. To study characteristics of NOT, AND, NOR, NOR, NAND and XOR and
verify their truth table.

Recommended Books:
1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011, Fundamental Physics, 9 th Ed. Ed, John
Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
2. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5 th Ed, John Wiley
and Sons Inc. New York.
3. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000, University Physics, 8th Ed, Addison-
Wesley. Reading (MA) USA.

PHY-325 Basic Electronics 3(2–1)

Objectives:
The objective of this course is to teach the principle, operation and characteristics of various
electronic devices and their applications in electronic circuits.
Course Outline:
 Circuit Analysis: Superposition Theorem, Thevenin’s Theorem, Norton’s Theorem,
 Semi-conductor Diodes: Conduction in Solids – Donors and acceptors, Impurities, Simple
Diode Circuits, Biasing and applications.
 Rectifiers and power supplies, Diode clipper, Diode Clamper, diode multipliers, special
purpose diodes (LED, Laser diode, Photo diode etc.), Zener diodes.
 Bipolar Junction (BJT) and field effect transistors (FET) – JFET, MOSFET, Construction,
Biasing and working as amplifiers.
 Operational amplifiers and relevant circuits such as summer, integrator, differentiator etc.
 Introduction to Thyristors (SCR)
 List of Experiments
Sr. Experiment
No.
Electrical Circuits Simulation using Multisim Electronics Workbench.
1. To study basic Multisim tools
To become familiar with the characteristics of a silicon diode.
2. Identify diode schematic symbols.
Describe Silicon based diode operating characteristics.
Identify diode construction characteristics.
Observe normal operations in a diode circuit.
VI characteristic curve for the diode
3. To become familiar with zener- diode characteristics.
To become familiar with VI curve of Zener diode.
Half-wave rectifier.
4. To become familiar with positive half wave rectifier.
To become familiar with negative half wave rectifier
To reduce ripple factor
Full-wave center tapped rectifier configuration.
5. To become familiar with positive full-wave conventional rectifier.
To become familiar with negative full-wave conventional rectifier
Full-wave Graetz(bridge) rectifier configuration.
6. To become familiar with positive full-wave bridge rectifier.
To become familiar with negative full-wave bridge rectifier
To study the operation of unbiased Diode Limiters.
7. Identify the positive diode limiter operating characteristics.
Identify the negative diode limiter operating characteristics
Identify the parallel positive and negative diode limiter operating characteristics
To study the operation of Diode Biased Limiters.
8. Describe positive diode biased limiter operating characteristics.
Describe positive diode biased limiter operating characteristics.
Describe parallel positive and negative diode biased limiter operating characteristics.
To study the operation of unbiased Diode Clampers and biased clampers.
9. Identity diode clamper schematic symbols.
Describe diode clamper operating characteristics.
To use a positive clamping circuit.
To use a negative clamping circuit.
To use a positively biased clamper
To use a negatively biased clamper.

Precision Rectifier
10. To analyze a half wave precision rectifier circuit in forward bias.
To analyze a half wave precision rectifier circuit in reverse bias.
 To analyze a full wave precision rectifier circuit in forward bias.
To analyze a full wave precision rectifier circuit in reverse bias.
BJT characteristics
11. To test the BJT transistor and leads.
To graph the collector characteristics of a transistor test its three terminal
Determine Gain of transistor β Voltage divider bias and collector feedback bias of a
12. BJT
To find the gain of the transistor β
Calculate the VB, VE, VC, VCE, IE, IC, and IB in voltage divider biasing configuration.
Calculate the VB, VE, VC, VCE, IE, IC, and IB in collector feedback biasing.
Transistor as Switch
13. To understand working of transistor as a switch.
To draw dc load line for given circuit
14. Common Emitter Amplifier
To observe input-output waveforms of common emitter (CE) amplifier.
15 MOSFET characteristics
To test the MOSFET transistor and leads.
To graph the collector characteristics of a MOSFET test its three terminal
16 Common Source Amplifier
To observe input-output waveforms of common source (CS) amplifier.

Recommended Books
1. Basic Electronics, by Bernard Frob,
2. Electronic Devices, by Thomos Floyd Ed. 11th
3. Behzad Razavi,"Fundamentals of Microelectronics".
4. A.S. Sedraand K.C. Smith, "Microelectronic Circuits", Oxford University Press, Latest
Edition.