Exercise # (S) : Alternating Current

ALTERNATING CURRENT
EXERCISE # (S)
1. The dielectric strength of air is 3.0 × 106 V/m. A parallel plate air capacitor has area 20 cm2 and
plate separation 2 mm. Find the maximum rms voltage of an AC source which can be safely
connected to this capacitor .
Ans. 3.0 kV
Sol. dielectric strength = 3 × 106 v/m
max. Potential differece = E × d = (3 × 106) × 2 × 10–3 m.
max voltage 3 × 106 × 2 × 10−3
Rms. voltage = = = 3 × 103 volt.
2 2
2. An electric bulb is designed to consume 55 W when operated at 110 volts. It is connected to a

220 V, 50 Hz line through a choke coil in series. What should be the inductance of the coil for
which the bulb gets correct voltage ?
2.2 3 7 3
Ans. =1.2 H =H
π 10
Sol.
R
110V
1102
= 55
R
1102
R=
55
VR VL
R L
v
VR2 + VL2 = VS
VR = 110 volt [given]
VR = i R
 1102 
110 = i  
 55 
1
i=
2
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 www.nucleuseducation.in 1
1 1
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Also
VR2 + VL2 = VS
1102 + VL2 = (220)2

VL = 100 3 volt
VL = iXL
1
100 3 = X L
2
⇒ XL = 220 3
220 3 220 3 11 3
⇒ ωL = 220 3 ⇒ L = = =
2πf 2 × π × 50 5π
3
3. A circuit has a resistance of 50 ohms and an inductance of henry. It is connected in series
π
40
with a condenser of µF and AC supply voltage of 200 V and 50 cycles/sec. Calculate
π
(i) the impedance of the circuit,
(ii) the p.d. across inductor coil and condenser.
(iii) Power factor
1
Ans. Z = 50 2 ohm, VC = 500 2 volt and VL= 600 2 volt,
2
Sol. f = 50 cycles / sec
ω = 2π (50) Rad/s
= 100π Rad/s.
1 1
Z = R 2 + (X C − X L ) 2 XC = = = 250
ωc 100π 40 10−6
π
= 502 + (250 − 300) 2
3
= 50 2 XL = ωL = 100π × = 300
π
200 200 4
i= = = = 2 2 Amp.
2 50 2 2
P.d across inductor = iXc = 2 2 × 300= 600 2
P.d across capacitor = iXL = 2 2 × 250 = 500 2 volt.
R 50 1
Power factor = = =
Z 50 2 2
2 2
ALTERNATING CURRENT
4. A coil draws a current of 1.0 ampere and a power of 100 watt from an A.C. source of 110 volt
5 22
and hertz. Find the inductance and resistance of the coil.
π
21
Ans. H, –100 Ω
22
Sol.
~
i = 1 amp
100
⇒1=
Z
Z = 100 = R 2 + x 2L
100 = R 2 + (ω L) 2
ω = 2πf
5 22
= 2π
π
= 10 22
Power = i2R
100 = (1)2 × R
R = 100 Ω
Also
1102 = R2 + ω2 L2
1102 − R 2 1102 − (100) 2
⇒ L2 = =
ω2 (10 22) 2
5. An inductor 2/π Henry, a capacitor 100/π µF and a resistor 75 Ω are connected in series across
a source of emf V = 10 sin 100 π t. Here t is in second.
(a) find the impedance of the circuit.
(b) find the energy dissipated in the circuit in 20 minutes.
Ans. 125 Ω, 288 J
2
 
 1 2 
Sol. Z= R 2 + (X c − X L ) 2 (75) 2 +  − 100π× 
 100π× 100 ×10−6 π
 π 
= (75) 2 + (100) 2
= 125 Ω
3 3
ALTERNATING CURRENT
2
Pavg = P rms R
Vrms 10 2
irms = = Amp.
z 2 × 125 25
2
 2
Pavg =   × (75)
 25 
  2 2 
energy Consumed =    × 75  × time
  25  
 
given time = 20 min
= 20 × 60 sec.
6. In an ac circuit the instantaneous values of current and applied voltage are respectively i = 2(Amp)
π
sin (250 πs–1)t and ε = (10V) sin [(250 πs–1)t + ]. Find the instantaneous power drawn from
3
2
the source at t = ms and its average value.
3
Ans. 10 W, 5 W
Sol. Pinst. = Vinst. iinst.
π
Vinst = 10v sin  250π × 10−3  + 
2
 3  3
π π
= 10sin  + 
6 3
= 10 volt.
Iinst = 2sin (250πt)
2
= 2 sin (250 π × × 10–3)
3
π
= 2 sin  
6
=1
Pinst = 10 × 1 = 10 watt.
Pavg = Vrms. irms cosφ
 10   2  π
=   cos  3  = 5 watt.
 2 2  
7. A 50W, 100V lamp is to be connected to an ac mains of 200V, 50Hz. What capacitance is

essential to be put in series with the lamp.
Ans. C = 9.2 µF
4 4
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Sol. 50 w, 100 v
(100)
2
⇒R= = 200 π
50
VR VC
~
VR = 100 volt
iR = 100
i × 200 = 100
1
i= Amp.
2
VR2 + Vc2 = V2
⇒ (100) + VC2 = (200)2

2
VC = 100 3 volt.
VC = i xC
1
⇒ 100 3 = xC
2
⇒ xC = 200 3
1
⇒ × 200 3
ωc
1 1
⇒ C= = = 9.2 µF
200 3 × c v 200 3 ×100π
8. Find the value of an inductance which should be connected in series with a capacitor of 5 µF, a
resistance of 10Ω and an ac source of 50 Hz so that the power factor of the circuit is unity.
20
Ans. ≅ 2H
π2
Sol. For power factor to be unity
XL = XC
1
ωL =
ωc
1
⇒ L= 2
ωc
1
=
(2π × 50) 2 × 5 ×10−6
5 5
ALTERNATING CURRENT
20
= Henry.
π2
9. In an L-R series A.C circuit the potential difference across an inductance and resistance joined
in series are respectively 12 V and 16V. Find the total potential difference across the circuit.
Ans. 20V
Sol.
R L
~
VS = VR2 + VL2
= 162 + 122
= 256 + 144
= 20 volt.
10. Draw the approximate voltage vector diagrams in the electric circuits shown in Fig. a, b. The
external voltage V is assumed to be alternating harmonically with frequency ω.
R0 L, R C L, R
ω < ω0
Vac Vac
(a) (b)
VLR V
VLR
ϕ Axis Axis
VRo of current ϕ of current
(a)
(b)
Ans. VC
Sol. Draw phaser for both circuit.
11. Draw the approximate vector diagrams of currents in the circuits shown in Fig. The voltage
applied across the points A and B is assumed to be sinusoidal; the parameters of each circuit
are so chosen that the total current I0 lags in phase behind the external voltage by an angle φ.
R C R
A B A B A B
L, r L, R L
(a) (b) C (c)
6 6
ALTERNATING CURRENT
IC
IC
IR Axis of Axis of
φ voltage φ voltage
Axis of
φ voltage
I0
I0
IL (c)
ILR (a) I0
(b)
Ans. ILR
Sol. Draw phaser for both circuit.
12. A current of 4 A flows in a coil when connected to a 12 V dc source. If the same coil is
connected to a 12V, 50 rad/s ac source a current of 2.4A flows in the circuit. Determine the
inductance of the coil. Also find the power developed in the circuit if a 2500 µF capacitor is
connected in series with the coil.
Ans. 0.08 H, 17.28 W
Sol.
L1 R
12
i= = 4 Amp.
R
⇒R=3Ω
~
12 volt. 50 Rad/s
12
=i
Z
12
=i
2
 1 
R 2 +  ω L− 
 ωc 
12
= 2.4
2
 1 
R +  50 × L−
2
−6 
 50 × 2500 × 10 
⇒ 32 + ( 50L − 8)
2
5=
⇒ ± 4 = (50L – 8)
⇒ 12 = 50L 50L = 4
12 4 8
⇒ L= L= =
50 50 100
7 7
ALTERNATING CURRENT
= 0.24 = 0.08
Power developed = i2 R
= (2.4)2 × 3
= 17.28 watt.
13. An LCR series circuit with 100Ω resistance is connected to an ac source of 200 V and angular
frequency 300 rad/s. When only the capacitance is removed, the current lags behind the voltage
by 60°. When only the inductance is removed, the current leads the voltage by 60°. Calculate
the current and the power dissipated in the LCR circuit.
Ans. 2A, 400W
Sol.
C R L
~
When capacitance removed
X X
tanφ = L ⇒ 3= L
R R
⇒ XL = 3 R.
Also when inductor in removed.
X
tanφ = C ⇒ XC = 3
R
Here XC = XL
So the circuit is in resonance
Z = 100 Ω
V 100
⇒i= = = 2 Amp.
z 200
power = i2R = (2)2 × 100= 400 watt.
14. A box P and a coil Q are connected in series with an ac source of variable frequency. The emf
of source at 10 V. Box P contains a capacitance of 1µF in series with a resistance of 32Ω while
coil Q has a self-inductance 4.9 mH and a resistance of 68Ω series. The frequency is adjusted
so that the maximum current flows in P and Q. Find the impedance of P and Q at this
frequency. Also find the voltage across P and Q respectively.
Ans. 77Ω, 97.6Ω, 7.7V, 9.76V
Sol.
8 8
ALTERNATING CURRENT
C R
L1R2
~
10V
1 1 105
for max current ω = = =
LC (10−6 ) × (4.9) × 10−3 7
2
 1 
 + R1 = 77 Ω.
2
impedance of P = 
 ω c 
impedance of Q = (ω L) 2 + R 22 = 97.6 Ω
Voltage Across P = iZP = 

10 
 (77) = 7.7V.
 100 
Voltage Across Q = 
10 
 (97.6) = 9.76V
 100 
15. A series LCR circuit containing a resistance of 120Ω has angular resonance frequency 4 × 105
rads–1. At resonance the voltages across resistance and inductance are 60 V and 40 V
respectively. Find the values of L and C. At what frequency the current in the circuit lags the
voltageby 45°?
1
Ans. 0.2 mH, µF, 8 × 105 rad/s
32
Sol. Voltage Across resistor = 60V
60 1
Current in resistor = = Amp.
120 2
V 40
XL = L = = 80
i 1
 
2
⇒ ωL = 80 ⇒ (4× 105) L = 80 ⇒ L = 2 × 10–4 H.
At resonance.
XL = XC
1 1 1 1
⇒ XC = 80 = ⇒C= = = ×10–6
ωC 80W 80 × 4 ×10 5
32
For current to lag 45°
X − XC
tan φ = L
R
9 9
ALTERNATING CURRENT
1
ω × 2 × 10 –4 –
1
ω× ×10−6
tan (45°) = 32 ⇒ ω = 8 × 105 Rad/s.
120
16 A transformer has 50 turns in the primary and 100 turns in the secondary. If the primary is
connected to a 220 V DC supply, what will be the voltage across the secondary?
Ans. zero
Sol. As transformer works only for AC supply, DC supply will give also reading.
N2
17. In a transformer ratio of secondary turns (N2) and primary turns (N1) i.e. = 4 . If the voltage
N1
applied in primary is 200 V, 50 Hz, find (a) voltage induced in secondary (b) If current in
primary is 1A, find the current in secondary if the transformer is (i) ideal and (ii) 80% efficient
and there is no flux leakage.
Ans. (a) 800 V (b) (i) 0.25 A (ii) 0.2 A.
V2 N 2 V2
Sol. = ⇒ =4 ⇒ V2 = 800 volt.
V1 N1 200
1
(b) I1V1 = I2V2 ⇒ (1) (200) = (I2) (800) ⇒ I2 = Amp.
4
If 80 % efficiency
I2V2 = 80 % of I1V1
I2V2 = 0.8 I1V1
1
⇒ I2 800 = 0.8 (1) (200) ⇒ I2 = Amp.
5
10 10
ALTERNATING CURRENT
EXERCISE # (O)
1. An AC current is given by I = I0 + I1 sin ωt then its rms value will be
(A) I0 2 + 0.5 I12 (B) I0 2 + 0.5 I0 2 (C) 0 (D) I0 2
Ans. (A)
T
∫ I dt
2 T
Sol. Irms = o
=
∫
o
(Io + I1sin ω t) 2 dt
= Io 2 + 0.5 I12
T
∫
0
dt T
2. If I1, I2, I3 and I4 are the respective r.m.s. values of the time varying currents as shown in the
four cases I, II, III and IV. Then identify the correct relations.
(A) I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 (B) I3 > I1 = I2 > I4 (C) I3 > I4 > I2 = I1 (D) I3 > I2 > I1 > I4
Ans. (B)
t2
∫ i dt
2
i rms =
t1
Sol. t2
∫ dt
t1
3. In ac circuit when ac ammeter is connected it reads i current if a student uses dc ammeter in

place of ac ammeter the reading in the dc ammeter will be:
i
(A) (B) 2 i (C) 0.637 i (D) zero
2
Ans. (D)
Sol. DC ammeter gives zero.
Reading in AC circuit.
4. The effective value of current i = 2 sin 100 πt + 2 sin(100 π t + 30°) is :
(A) 2A (B) 2 2 + 3 (C) 4 (D) None
Ans. (D)
Sol.
i=2
30
i=2
11 11
ALTERNATING CURRENT
inet = 22 + 22 + 2 × 2 × 2cos 30 = 8+ 4 3 = 2 2+ 3
i net
i effective = = 2 2+ 3
2
5. The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is π/4 radian. If the
frequency of AC is 50 Hz, then the phase difference is equivalent to the time difference :
(A) 0.78 s (B) 15.7 ms (C) 0.25 s (D) 2.5 ms
Ans. (D)
π
Sol. ∆φ =
4
π 1
∆φ = ωt⇒ = (2π × 50) t ⇒ t= = 2.5 ms.
4 400
6. The current I, potential difference VL across the inductor and potential difference VC across the
capacitor in circuit as shown in the figure are best represented vectorially as
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (D)
Sol.
VL
VC
(Current leads in capacitor and current lags in inductor.)
7. In the shown AC circuit phase different between currents I1 and I2 is
π x xL − xC π x xL − xC π
(A) –tan–1 L (B) tan–1 (C) + tan–1 L (D) tan–1 +
2 R R 2 R R 2
Ans. (C)
12 12
ALTERNATING CURRENT
π
Sol. I1 will be ahead of source voltage.
2
X 
I2 will be tan–1  C  behind source voltage
 R 
π X 
Hence phase diff. between I1 and I2 = + tan–1  L 
2  R 
8. When a resistance R is connected in series with an element A, the electric current is found to be
lagging behind the voltage by angle θ1. When the same resistance is connected in series with
element B, current leads voltage by θ2. When R, A, B are connected in series, the current now
leads voltage by θ. Assume same AC source is used in all cases, then :
(A) θ = θ2 – θ1 (B) tan θ = tan θ2 – tan θ1
θ + θ2
(C) θ = 1 (D) None of these
2
Ans. (B)
X
Sol. tanθ1 = L
R
X
tanθ2 = C
R
when both are connected in series.
X − XL X X
⇒ tanθ = C = C – L = tanθ2 – tanθ1
R R R
9. 110 volts (rms) is applied across a series circuit having resistance 11 Ω and impedance 22 Ω.
The power consumed is
(A) 366 W (B) 550 W (C) 1100 W (D) 275 W
Ans. (D)
(110 )
2
V2 11
Sol. Power = Cosφ = . = 275 w
Z 22 22
10. In a circuit, an inductance of 0.1 Henry and a resistance of 1Ω are connected in series with an
a.c. source of voltage V = 5sin10t. The phase difference between the current and applied
voltage will be
(A) π (B) π/2 (C) π/4 (D) 0
Ans. (C)
Sol. tanθ = L =
X ωL
=
(10 )( 0.1) = 1
R R 1
π
⇒ φ= .
4
13 13
ALTERNATING CURRENT
11. A circuit has three elements, a resistance of 11Ω, a coil of inductive reactance 120Ω and a
capacitive reactance of 120Ω in series and connected to an A.C. source of 110V, 60 Hz. Which
of the three elements have minimum potential difference?
(A) Resistance (B) Capacitance
(C) Inductor (D) All will have equal potential difference
Ans. (A)
Sol. Potential different across resister = iR
Potential different across capacitor = iXC
Potential different across inductor = iXL
Since.
XC = XL > R
⇒ VC = VL > VR.
12. The current in a circuit containing a capacitance C and a resistance R in series leads over the
ω
applied voltage of frequency by
2π
 1   C
(A) tan–1   (B) tan–1 (ωCR) (C) tan–1  ω  (D) cos–1 (ωCR)
 ωCR   R
Ans. (A)
Sol. Phase different = φ
XC  1   1 
tanφ = ⇒ tanφ =   ⇒ φ = tan  
R  ωCR   ωCR 
13. In an electric circuit, a resistance (30Ω), a capacitance (impedance 40Ω) and an inductance
(impedance 80Ω), are all connected in series to a 180 volt, 50 hertz source. The total impedance
of the circuit is
(A) 30 Ω (B) 50 Ω (C) 70 Ω (D) 90 Ω
Ans. (A)
Sol. Z= R 2 + (X C − X L ) 2 = 302 + (40 − 80) 2 = 50
14. A current of 0.6 amp (rms) flows when an inductance of 40 millihenry is connected to an a.c.
source of 24 volt (rms). The angular frequency of the source is
(A) 5 rad/s (B) 2 rad/s (C) 103 rad/s (D) 1 rad/s
Ans. (C)
V
Sol. i=
XL
V 24
XL = =
1 0.6
XL = 40 ⇒ ωL = 40 ⇒ ω (40 × 10–3) = 40 ⇒ ω = 103 Rad/s.
14 14
ALTERNATING CURRENT
15. An a.c. source of voltage V and of frequency 50 Hz is connected to an inductor of 2H and
negligible resistance. A current of r.m.s. value I flows in the coil. When the frequency of the
voltage is changed to 400 Hz keeping the magnitude of V the same, the current is now
(A) 8I in phase with V (B) 4I and leading by 90° from V
(C) I/4 and lagging by 90° from V (D) I/8 and lagging by 90° from V
Ans. (D)
Sol. XL = ωL
Here angular frequency has increased by a factor of 8.
Hence Reactance has become 8 times .
Hence current will reduce by a factor of 8.
16. A bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to a source of alternating current. If its frequency
is increased, while keeping the voltage of the source constant, then
(A) bulb will give more intense light
(B) bulb will give less intense light
(C) bulb will give light of same intensity as before
(D) bulb will stop radiating light
Ans. (A)
Sol. If ω increased ⇒ XC decreased .
If XC decreased ⇒ impedance decreased
⇒ If impedance decreased ⇒ current increased.
⇒ If current increased ⇒ power of bulb increased.
17. An alternating e.m.f. of angular frequency ω is applied across an inductance. The instantaneous
power developed in the circuit has an angular frequency
(A) ω/4 (B) ω/2 (C) ω (D) 2ω
Ans. (D)
 di 
Sol. Power instantaneous = VI =  L  i ( Let i = i0 Sinωt)
 dt 
i02ωSin 2ωt
P = L (i0ωCosωt) (io Sinωt) =L
2
⇒ Angular frequency of power = 2ω
18. Power factor of an L-R series circuit is 0.6 and that of a C–R series circuit is 0.5. If the element
(L, C, and R) of the two circuits are joined in series the power factor of this circuit is found to
be 1. The ratio of the resistance in the L-R circuit to the resistance in the C–R circuit is
4 3 3
(A) 6/5 (B) 5/6 (C) (D)
3 3 4
Ans. (D)
15 15
ALTERNATING CURRENT
R1
Sol. Cosφ1 = = 0.6 …(i)
R12 + X L2
R2
Cosφ2 = = 0.5 …(ii)
R 22 + X C2
R1 + R 2
Cosφ = =1
(R1 + R 2 ) 2 + (X C − X L ) 2
⇒ XC =XL
Using eq. (i) and (ii)
R 3 3
= 1 =
R2 4
19. In the circuit, as shown in the figure, if the value of R.M.S current is 2.2 ampere, the power
factor of the box is
1 3 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 2 2
Ans. (A)
 ν R 100
Sol. z = 100  =  cosφ = =
 I z  1 
2
(100) 2 +  
 ωC 
1
z = R (⇒ xL = xC) =
2
20. The power factor of the circuit is 1/ 2 . The capacitance of the circuit is equal to
(A) 400 µF (B) 300 µF (C) 500 µF (D) 200 µF

Ans. (C)
R 1 1
Sol. cosφ = = ⇒ ωL − =R
z 2 ωC
16 16
ALTERNATING CURRENT
1
100 × .1 − =
10
100C
1
= 20 C = 500µF
100C
21. The power in ac circuit is given by P = ErmsIrmscosφ.The vale of cos φ in series LCR circuit at
resonance is:
1 1
(A) zero (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 2
Ans. (B)
Sol. At resonance z = R
R
cosφ = =1
z
22. In series LR circuit XL = 3R. Now a capacitor with XC = R is added in series. Ratio of new to
old power factor is
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D) 2
2
Ans. (D)
R
Sol. cos φ =
Z
Z (3R) 2 + R 2
=
ratio = 1 = 2
Z2 (2 R) 2 + R 2
23. When 100 V DC is applied across a solenoid a current of 1 A flows in it. When 100 V AC is
applied across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 A. If the frequency of the AC source is 50
Hz, the impedance and inductance of the solenoid are:
(A) 100Ω, 0.93 H (B) 200Ω, 1.0 H (C) 10Ω, 0.86H (D) 200Ω, 0.55 H
Ans. (D)
100
Sol. Resistance of solenoid = = 100Ω
1
If AC source is used.
V 100
i= =
Z R 2 + X2 L
100
0.5 = ⇒ Z = 200
(100) 2
+ X L2
XL = 100 3
ωL = 100 3
3
(2π×50)L = 100 3 ⇒L =
π
17 17
ALTERNATING CURRENT
24. In a series R-L-C circuit, the frequency of the source is half of the resonance frequency. The
nature of the circuit will be
(A) capacitive (B) inductive (C) purely resistive (D) data insufficient
Ans. (A)
Sol. At Resonance XL = XC
If freq. is reduced,
⇒ XC increases
Hence it will be a capacitive circuit.
25. An RLC is resonance circuit has a capacitance of 12µF, an inductance of 25mH, and a
resistance of 60KΩ. The current oscillates with an angular frequency of :
(A) 1.2 × 103 rad/s (B) 1.4 × 103 rad/s (C) 1.8 × 103 rad/s (D) 2.2 × 103 rad/s
Ans. (C)
1 R
=ω −
Sol. LC 2L
1 60 ×103
= −
25 ×10−3 ×12 ×10−6 2 × 25 ×10−3
10+9 60 ×106
= −
25 ×12 50
3
= 1.46 × 10
26. Statement-1 : Peak voltage across the resistance can be greater than the peak voltage of the
source in an series LCR circuit.
Statement-2 : Peak voltage across the inductor can be greater than the peak voltage of the
source in an series LCR circuit.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation
for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Ans. (D)
Sol. Peak voltage across resistance.
V R
= iR = R = V  
Z Z
R
Since   ≤ 1
Z
Peak voltage across resistance ≤ Peak voltage of source.
18 18
ALTERNATING CURRENT
27. Statement-1 : The electrostatic energy stored in capacitor plus magnetic energy stored in
inductor will always be zero in a series LCR circuit driven by ac voltage source under condition
of resonance.
Statement-2 : The complete voltage of ac source appears across the resistor in a series LCR
circuit driven by ac voltage source under condition of resonance.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
Ans. (D)
Sol. At resonance , XL = XC.
Also current in circuit is max.
1
Energy stored in inductor = Li2
2
q2
Energy stored in capacitor =
2C
Both energy are not zero.
28. A 0.21-H inductor and a 88-Ω resistor are connected in series to a 220-V, 50-Hz AC source.
The current in the circuit and the phase angle between the current and the source voltage are
respectively.
(Use π = 22/7)
(A) 2 A, tan–1 3/4 (B) 14.4 A, tan–1 7/8 (C) 14.4 A, tan–1 8/7 (D) 3.28 A, tan–1 2/11
Ans. (A)
V
Sol. i=
Z
R 2 + (ωL) 2 = (88) 2 + ( 2π× 50 × (0.21) ) = (88) 2 + (21π) 2 = 109.96 Ω  110 Ω
2
Z=
V 220
Current i = = = 2 Amp.
Z 110
X 21π 3
tanφ = L = = 0.749 
R 88 4
29. A resistor R, an inductor L, a capacitor C and voltmeters V1, V2 and V3 are connected to an
oscillator in the circuit as shown in the adjoining diagram. When the frequency of the oscillator
is increased, upto resonance frequency, the voltmeter reading (at resonance frequency) is zero
in the case of :
19 19
ALTERNATING CURRENT
(A) voltmeter V1 (B) voltmeter V2

(C) voltmeter V3 (D) all the three voltmeters
Ans. (B)
Sol. VL and VC are equal in magnitude and they are out of phase hence reading of V2 = 0
30. In a transformer, number of turns in the primary are 140 and that in the secondary are 280. If
current in primary is 4A, then that in the secondary is
(A) 4A (B) 2A (C) 6A (D) 10 A
Ans. (B)
N P IS 4 ×100
Sol. = ⇒ = IS = 2 Amp.
NS I P 280
31. The primary of a 1 : 3 step - up transformer is connected to a source and the secondary is
connected to a resistor R. The power dissipated by R in this situation is P. If R is connected
directly to the source it will dissipate a power of :
(A) P/9 (B) P/3 (C) P (D) 3P
Ans. (A)
Sol. Let voltage of source = V0
V2 3
=
V0 1
⇒ V2 = 3V0
V2 9V02
Now a resistor is connected to V2. So power generated = 2 = P ⇒ =P
R R
If R is connected to source.
V2
⇒ Power = 0
R
P
P1 =
9
32. An ideal efficient transformer has a primary power input of 10kW. The secondary current when
the transformer is on load is 25A. If the primary : secondary turns ratio is 8 : 1, then the
potential difference applied to the primary coil is
104 × 82 104 × 8 104 104
(A) V (B) V (C) V (D) V
25 25 25 × 8 25 × 82
Ans. (B)
Sol. I p .V=
p 10 ×103
N P IS 1
= ⇒ I=
P 25 ×
NS I P 8
20 20
ALTERNATING CURRENT
3
IP · VP = 10 × 10
10000
=
Vp ×8
25
33. A transformer is used to light a 140 watt, 24 volt lamp from 240 V AC mains. The current in
the main cable is 0.7 amp. The efficiency of the transformer is :
(A) 48% (B) 63.8% (C) 83.3% (D) 90%
Ans. (C)
Sol. Vi = P
(24) i = 140
140
i=
24
70
iActually =
12
Vin = 240 Vout = 24

N1 N2
Vout N 2 24 N N 1
= ⇒ = 2 ⇒ 2 =
Vin N1 240 N1 N1 10
I1 N 1
= 2 =
I2 N1 10
0.7 1
= ⇒ I2 = 7 Amp.
I2 10
70
I Actually
Efficiency = ×100 = 12 ×100 = 83.33 %
I thorotically 7
34. The core of any transformer is laminated so as to -

(A) Make it light weight (B) Make it robust and strong
(C) Increase the secondary voltage (D) Reduce the energy loss due to eddy current
Ans. (D)
Sol. Therotical
Paragraph for question no 35 to 37

In a series L-R circuit, connected with a sinusoidal ac source, the maximum potential difference
across L and R are respectively 3 volts and 4 volts.
35. At an instant the potential difference across resistor is 2 volts. The potential difference in volt,
across the inductor at the same instant will be :
(A) 3 cos 30° (B) 3 cos 60° (C) 3 cos 45° (D) None of these
Ans. (A)
Sol.
21 21
ALTERNATING CURRENT
L R
I0 R = 4, I0XL = 3
VR = I0 R sin (ωt + φ)
π
2 = 4 sin (ωt + φ) ⇒ ωt + φ =
6
π
VL = I0 XL (ωt + + φ)
2
π π
VL = 3 sin  + 
2 6
VL = 3 cos 30°
36. At the same instant, the magnitude of the potential difference in volt, across the ac source may
be
4+3 3 3 3
(A) 4 + 3 3 (B) (C) 1 + (D) 2 +
2 2 2
Ans. (B)
At that instant
Sol.
4+3 3
V = VR + VL = 2 + 3cos30° =
2
37. If the current at this instant is decreasing the magnitude of potential difference at that instant
across the ac source is
(A) Increasing (B) Decreasing (C) Constant (D) Cannot be said
Ans. (A)
i → decrease
Sol.
VR = iR = const.
di
VL = − L = + ve
dt
Potential difference at that instant across AC source in increase.
22 22
ALTERNATING CURRENT
QUESTIONS BASED ON DAMPED OSCILLATIONS [NOT IN JEE ADVANCE]
1. Five particles undergo damped harmonic motion. Values for the spring constant k, the
damping constant b, and the mass m are given below. Which leads to the smallest rate of loss of
mechanical energy at the initial moment?
(A) k = 100N/m, m = 50g, b = 8g/s (B) k = 150N/m, m = 50g, b = 5g/s
(C) k = 150N/m, m = I0g,b = 8g/s (D) k = 200N/m, m = 8g, b - 6g/s
Ans. (B)
2. An RLC circuit has an inductance of 25mH and a capacitance of 5.0µF. The charge on the
capacitor does NOT oscillate but rather decays exponentially to zero. The resistance in the
circuit must be:
(A) greater than or equal to 100 2 Ω
(B) less than 100 2 Ω but greater than 50 2Ω
(C) less than 50 2 Ω but greater than 25 2 Ω
(D) less than 25 2 Ω but greater than 0
Ans. (A)
Sol. Overdamped motion :
γ > ω0
R 1
>
2L LC
L
⇒ R>2 = 100 2 Ω
C
3. Two underdamped oscillators are known to have the same natural frequency ω0. The mass and
damping coefficient of the first oscillator are m1 and b1, and the mass and damping coeficient
of the second oscillator are m2 and b2, respectively. A sinusoidal driving force of Fext = F0 cos
ωt is applied to each oscillator. Starting with ω far from ω0 the driving force is tuned in order to
observe resonant behavior. If m1 = 4 m2 and b1 = 2b2, then which one of the following
statements concerning the driven oscillations is correct ?
(A) The resonant peak of the first driven oscillator is higher and narrower than that of the
second oscillator.
(B) The resonant peak of the first driven oscillator is higher and wider than that of the second
oscillator.
(C) The resonant peak of the first driven oscillator is lower and wider than that of the second
oscillator.
(D) The resonant peak of the first driven oscillator is lower and narrower than that of the
second oscillator.
Ans. (D)
F/m
Sol. A= 2
2 b 
( ω0 − ω ) + ω  m 
2 2 2
 
23 23
ALTERNATING CURRENT
For peak to be higher, value of b should lower.
 ωL ωm 
For peak to be narrower, quality factor =Q =  should be high
 R b 
4. A simple pendulum has a time period T if there is no air resistance. If a small air resistance is
acting on the bob as it oscillates,
(A) The time period will be initially more than T and decreases with time.
(B) The time period will be less than T initially and increases with time
(C) The time period will be less than T and remains constant
(D) The time period will be more than T and remains constant.
Ans. (D)
Sol. With damping w = ω02 − γ 2
⇒ ω > ω0
⇒ T > T0
Hence time period increases
5. A block is executing damped harmonic oscillation with time period T. Choose correct
statement
(1) Time taken to go from extreme to mean position is T/4
(2) Time taken to go from one extreme to another is — T/2
(3) Time taken to go from one extreme to another is less than T/2
(4) Time taken to go from one extreme to another is more than T/2
(A) 1,2 only (B) 1,2,3 only (C) 2 only (D) 1,2,4 only
Ans. (C)
Sol. For damped motion
x = Ae–γtsin (ωt + φ)
Particle will reach its extreme when value of sin (ωt + φ) is maximum, which will occur
T
in time
2
T
Due to exponential decay of amplitude, Time take to go from extreme to mean is less than
4
k r2
6. The angular frequency of the damped oscillator is given by,=
ω − where k is the
m 4m 2
r2
spring constant, m is the mass of the oscillator and r is damping constant. If the ratio is
mk
8%, the change in time period composed to the undamped oscillator is approximately as
follows:
(A) decreases by 8% (B) decreases by 1% (C) increases by 1% (D) increases by 8%
Ans. (C)
24 24
ALTERNATING CURRENT
k r2 r2 8
Sol. =ω 1− =
m 4mk mk 100
k 8 k
=ω 1−= 0.98
m 4mk m
For undamped
2π m
T1 = = 2π
ω k
For damped
2π m
T2 = = 2π
ω 0.98k
1
−1
T −T 0.98 ×100 ≈ 1% increases
Change = 2 1 ×=
100
T1 1
7. Two spheres of the same diameter but of different masses are suspended by strings of equal
length. If the spheres are deflected from their positions of equilibrium, which of the two will
have a greater oscillation period and which will have a greater logarithmic decrement if their
oscillations occur in a real medium with viscosity?
(A) Heavier mass has larger time period & greater logrithmic decrement
(B) Lighter mass has larger time period & greater logrithmic decrement
(C) Lighter mass has larger time period but lesser logrithmic decrement
(D) Heavier mass has larger time period but lesser logrithmic decrement
Ans. (B)
Sol. A = A0e–γt γ = b/2m
ω' = ω02 − γ 2
m↓ ⇒ γ↑ ⇒ ω'↓ ⇒ T↑
γ↑ ⇒ e–γt ↓
8. The amplitude of a simple pendulum, oscillating in air with a small spherical bob, decreases
from 10 cm to 8 cm in 40 seconds. Assuming that Stokes law is valid, and ratio of the
coefficient of viscosity of air to that of carbon dioxide is 1.3, the time in which amplitude of
this pendulum will reduce from 10 cm to 5 cm in carbon dioxide will be close to (ln5 = 1.601,
ln2 = 0.693).
(A) 231 s (B) 208 s (C) 142 s (D) 161 s
Ans. (D)
4
Sol. A = A0e–kt R = e − k×40
5
8 = 10 e–k×40 n 4 – n5 = – k × 40
2 × 0.693 – 1.6 = –k × 40
25 25
ALTERNATING CURRENT
0.22
K1 = = 5.5 × 10–3
40
0.214
K2 ≈ ≈ 5.2 × 10−3
40
K1 n 1 K1 5.2 ×10−2
= = 1.3 ⇒ K2 = = = 4 ×10−3
K2 n2 n 1.3
A = A 0e− K2t
5 = 10 e − K 2 t
n2 = K2t
4 × 10–3t = 0.693
693
t= = 173 sec.
4
9. Which graph has the highest Q factor ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Ans. (A)
ω0
Sol. Q= highest Q ⇒ lowest Y
2Y
10. In the situation shown, the block can execute free oscillation (no damping) with angular
frequency ω1. In presence of weak damping, it executes damped SHM with angular frequency
ω2. When it is subjected to a sinusoidal force, it executes forced oscillation with maximum
amplitude at angular frequency ω3 (assume damping is present) :-
(A) ω1 > ω2 > ω3 (B) ω1 > ω2 = ω3 (C) ω1 = ω2 = ω3 (D) ω1 > ω3 > ω2

Ans. (A)
F0 / m
Sol. A=
ω2 − r 2
26 26
ALTERNATING CURRENT
11. In forced oscillation of a particle the amplitude is maximum for a frequency ω1 of the force,
while the energy is maximum for a frequency ω2 of the force; then –
(A) ω1 = ω2
(B) ω1 > ω2
(C) ω1 < ω2 when damping is small and ω1 > ω2 when damping is large
(D) ω1 < ω2
Ans. (A)
12. A pendulum with time period of 1s is losing energy due to damping. At certain time its energy
is 45 J. If after completing 15 oscillations, its energy has become 15 J, its damping constant (in
s–1) is:-
1 1 1
(A) 2 (B) ln 3 (C) (D) ln 3
15 2 30
Ans. (D)
Sol. Amplitude of pendulum will very as
A = A0e–δt, δ = damping constant
1 1
E = kA 2 = kA 0 e −2 δt
2 2
–2δt
E = E0e
at t = 0, E0 = 45J
at t = 15 s, E = 15J
so, 15 = 45 e–2δ ×15
1
⇒ δ = n3
3
27 27
ALTERNATING CURRENT
EXERCISE # (JM)
1. In an LCR series a.c. circuit, the voltage across each of the components. L, C and R is 50 V.
The voltage across the LC combination will be : [AIEEE 2004, 4/300]
(1) 50 V (2) 50 3 s (3) 100 V (4) 0 V (zero)
Ans. (4)
Sol. Ιn an LCR series a.c. circuit, the voltage across inductor L leads the current by 90º and the
voltage across capacitor C lags behind the current by 90º
VL
90º
i
90º VR
VC
Hence, the voltage across LC combination will be zero.
2. Alternating current can not be measured by D.C. ammeter because : [AIEEE 2004; 4/300]
(1) A.C. current pass through d.C. ammeter
(2) A.C. change direction
(3) average value of current for complete cycle is zero
(4) D.C. ammeter will get damaged
Ans. (3)
Sol. The full cycle of alternating current consists of two half cycles. For one half, current is positive
and for second half, current is negative. Therefore, for an a.c. cycle, the net value of current
average out to zero. While for the half cycle, the value of current is different at different points.
Hence, the alternating current cannot be measured by D.C. ammeter
3. In an LCR circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For the resonant frequency to remain
unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L to : [AIEEE 2004; 4/300]
(1) 4L (2) 2L (3) L/2 (4) L/4
Ans. (3)
Sol. In the condition of resonance
XL = XC
1
or ωL = .....(i)
ωC
Since, resonant frequency remains unchanged,
so, LC = constant
or LC = constant
∴ L1C1 = L2C2
⇒ L × C = L2 × 2C
L
⇒ L2 =
2
28 28
ALTERNATING CURRENT
4. A circuit has a resistance of 12 ohm and an impedance of 15 ohm. The power factor of the
circuit will be [AIEEE 2005; 4/300]
(1) 0.8 (2) 0.4 (3) 1.25 (4) 0.125
Ans. (1)
Sol. Power factor
R
= cos φ =
Z
12 4
= = = 0.8
15 5
5. In a series resonant LCR circuit, the voltage across R is 100 volts and R = 1 kΩ with C = 2µF.
The resonant frequency w is 200 rad/s. At resonance the voltage across L is- [AIEEE 2006]
–2 –3
(1) 2.5 × 10 V (2) 40 V (3) 250 V (4) 4 × 10 V
Ans. (3)
100
Sol. =i = 0.1 A
1000
0.1
V= V= = 250 V
200 × 2 ×10−6
L C
6. In an AC generator, a coil with N turns, all of the same area A and total resistance R, rotates
with frequency ω in a magnetic field B. The maximum value of emf generated in the coil is
[AIEEE 2006]
(1) NABRω (2) NAB (3) NABR (4) NABω
Ans. (4)
Sol. The emf generated would be maximum when flux (cutting) would be maximum.
i.e. Angle between area vector of coil and magnetic field is zero.
The induced emf generated is given by
V = NBAω cos ωt
Vmax = NBAω
7. In an AC circuit the voltage applied is E = E0 sinωt. The resulting current in the circuit is
 π
=I I0 sin  ωt −  . The power consumption in the circuit is given by- [AIEEE 2007]
 2
EI EI
(1) P = 0 0 (2) P = Zero (3) P = 0 0 (4) P = 2E 0 I0
2 2
Ans. (2)
Sol. Given E = E0 sin ωt
 π
= I I0 sin  ωt − 
 2
π
Since phase difference (φ) between voltage and current is .
2
29 29
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Power consumption = Erms Irms cos φ = θ
8. If a simple pendulum has Significant amplitude (up to a factor of 1/ e of original) only in the
period between t = 0s to t = τs, then t may be called the average life ofthe pendulum. When the
spherical bob of the pendulum suffers a retardation (due to viscous drag) proportional to its
velocity, with 'b' as the constant of proportionality, the average lifetime of the pendulum is
(assuming damping is small) in seconds: [AIEEE 2012]
(1) 1/b (2) 2/b (3) 0.693/b (4) b
Ans. (2)
Sol. Net restring torque when angular displacement is θ is given by
τ = – mgl sin θ + mbvl ( I = ml 2 )
d 2θ −g bV θ
2
=α= sin θ +
dt l l
For small damping , the solution of the above differential mVb
equation will be
− bt
θ = θ0 e 2
sin(ωt + φ) 
− bt V
Angular amplitude = θ0 e 2
mg
According to question, in time τ (Average life-time)
1
Angular amplitude drops to value of its original value
e
θ0 −
bt
= θ0 e 2
e
bt 2
=1 ⇒ t =
2 b
9. The amplitude of a damped oscillator decreases to 0.9 times its original magnitude in 5s. In another
10s it will decrease to a times its original magnitude, where a equals: [JEE-Mains 2013]
(1) 0.81 (2) 0.729 (3) 0.6 (4) 0.7
Ans. (2)
Sol. A = A 0 e − kt
0.9 A0 = A0e–5k
and α A0 = A0e–15k
Solving α = 0.729
10. An LCR circuit is equivalent to a damped pendulum. In an LCR circuit the capacitor is charged
to Q0 and then connected to the L and R as shown below. If a student plots graphs of the square
of maximum charge (Q2Max ) on the capacitor with time (t) for two different values L1 and
L2(L1 > L2) of L then which of the following represents this graph correctly ? (plots are
schematic and not drawn to scale) [JEE-Mains- 2015]
30 30
ALTERNATING CURRENT
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Ans. (3)
Sol. As damping is happening its amplitude would vary as
The oscillations decay exponentially and will be proportional to e–γt where γ depends inversely
on L.
So as inductance increases decay becomes slower
∴ for
11. An arc lamp requires a direct current of 10A at 80V to function. If it is connected to a 220V (rms),
50Hz AC supply, the series inductor needed for it to work is close to :- [JEE-Mains- 2016]
(1) 0.065 H (2) 80 H (3) 0.08 H (4) 0.044 H
Ans. (1)
Sol. I = 10A
V = 80v
R = 8Ω
220
10 =
82 + X 2L
XL2 + 64 = 484
X L = 420
2π × 50L = 420
420
L=
100π
31 31
ALTERNATING CURRENT
L = 0.065H
12. In a coil of resistance 100 Ω, a current is induced by changing the magnetic flux through it as
shown in the figure. The magnitude of change in flux through the coil is :- [JEE-Mains- 2017]
(1) 250 Wb (2) 275 Wb (3) 200 Wb (4) 225 Wb

Ans. (1)
Sol.
∆φ
q=
R
∆φ = change in flux
q = ∫ Idt
= Area of current-time graph
1
= × 10 × 0.5 = 2.5 coloumb
2
∆φ
q=
R
∆φ = 2.5 × 10 = 250 wb
1
13. For an RLC circuit driven with voltage of amplitude νm and frequency ω0 = the current
LC
exibits resonance. The quality factor Q is given by : [JEE-Mains- 2018]
CR ωL ωR R
(1) (2) 0 (3) 0 (4)
ω0 R L ( ω0C )
Ans. (2)
ω1 − ω2 1 L  1 
Sol.=θ =  Where ω0 = 
2
ω0 R C  LC 
Alternate.
32 32
ALTERNATING CURRENT
ω0 L
is the only dimension less quantity. Hence it is quality factor.
R
14. In an a.c. circuit, the instantaneous e.m.f. and current are given by : [JEE-Mains- 2018]
e = 100 sin 30 t
 π
i = 20 sin  30t − 
 4
In one cycle of a.c., the average and the wattless current are, respectively :
1000 50
(1) 50, 0 (2) 50, 10 (3) ,10 (4) ,0
2 2
Ans. (3)
π
100 × 20 × cos
E 0 I0 cos φ 4 = 100 watt
Sol. < P >= =
2 2 2
20 1
Wattless current = I rms= sin φ =· 10 amp.
2 2
15. A series AC circuit containing an inductor (20 mH), a capacitor (120 µF) and a resistor (60Ω)
is driven by an AC source of 24V/50 Hz. The energy dissipated in the circuit in 60 s is :
[JEE Main-2019]
2 3
(1) 5.17 × 10 J (2) 3.39 × 10 J (3) 5.65 × 102 J (4) 2.26 × 103 J
Ans. (1)
Sol. Heat = Pav × time
= (I 2rms R) × 60
2
V
=   R × 60
Z
2
 1 
Where Z = (X C − X L ) + R
2 2
=  −6
− 2π× 50 × 20 ×10−3  + 602
 2π× 50 ×120 ×10 
⇒ Z = 63.3Ω
2
 24 
⇒ Heat =   × 60 × 60 = 517 J
 63.3 
16.
33 33
ALTERNATING CURRENT
3 3
In the above circuit, =
C µF , R2 = 20Ω, L = H and R1 = 10Ω. Current in L-R1 path is I1
2 2
and in C-R2 path it is I2. The voltage of A.C source is given by V= 200 2 sin(100t) volts. The
phase difference between I1 and I2 is : [JEE Main-2019]
(1) 0° (2) 30° (3) 90° (4) 60°
Ans. (BONUS) at no option is correct, phase diff ≅ 150°
 3 
 X   wL   100 
10
 = tan   = tan −1 ( 3)= 60°
−1
Sol. f1 = tan–1  L  = tan −1 
 R1   R1   10 
 
 
X   1 
φ2 = tan −1  C  = tan −1  
 R2   wCR 2 
 
 1 
= tan −1  
 3 −6 
 100 × ×10 × 20 
 2 
 103 
−1
= tan   ≅ 90°
 3
Hence, Phase difference = φ + φ2
= 60 + 90° = 150°
BONUS
No option matching
17. As shown in the figure, a battery of emf ∈ is connected to an inductor L and resistance R in
series. The switch is closed at t = 0. The total charge that flows from the battery, between t = 0
and t = tc (tc is the time constant of the circuit) is: [JEE Main-2020]
∈L ∈L ∈L  1 ∈R
(1)
eR 2
(2)
R2
(3) 1 −  (4)
eL2
R2  e 
Ans. (1)
t 9 L
Sol = Tc =
1 10 R
t+
2
34 34
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Tc
q = ∫ i dt
0
Tc
 −
t 
∈  e Tc 
=q t − 
R − 1 
 Tc 0

∈ Tc 
=q  Tc + − Tc 
R c 
∈ 1 L ∈L
= q = · ·
R e R cR 2
18. In LC circuit the inductance L = 40 mH and capacitance C = 100 µF. If a voltage

V(t) = 10sin(314 t) is applied to the circuit, the current in the circuit is given as:
[JEE Main-2020]
(1) 10 cos 314 t (2) 5.2 cos 314 t (3) 0.52 sin 314 t (4) 0.52 cos 314 t
Ans. (4)
Sol.
XL = ωL = 314 × 40 × 10–3 = 12.56 Ω

1 1 104
=
X = = = 31.84 Ω
ωC 314 ×100 ×10−6 314
C
Phasor
Vm = Im(XC – XL)
10 = Im (31.84 – 12.56)
10
=
I m = 0.52A
19.28
 π
I = 0.52 sin  314t + 
 2
35 35
ALTERNATING CURRENT
EXERCISE # (JA)
1. A square loop of side 'a' with a capacitor of capacitance C is located between two current carrying
long parallel wires as shown. The value of I in the is given as I = I0 sinωt. [IIT JEE-2003]
a a
I I
a
(a) calculate maximum current in the square loop.
(b) Draw a graph between charge on the lower plate of the capacitor v/s time.
Q0
µ0a π/ω 2π/ω
Ans. =
(a) I max CI0 ω2l n 2 (b) π/2ω t
π 3π/2ω
–Q0
Sol. In the square loop magnetic field due to both the wires is out of (1) (2)
paper.
For a elemental strip of thickness dx at a distance x form wire 1,
magnetic field due to wire (1) and (2) will be
x
µ 0i u 0i
B= + C
2πx 2π(3a − x)
Flux in the strip
µ i 1 1 
dφ = B.dA = 0  + .adx
2π  x 3a − x 
µ 0ia
[ In | x | − In(3a − x) ]a
2a
∴ φ=
2π
µ ai
φ = 0 sin ωt. In(2)
π
dΦ ωµ 0 ai In(2) cos ωt dQ
EInd = = Now Q = CEInd and I =
dt π dt
Cω2µ 0 ai In(2) sin ωt
∴ i=
π
For imax , Sin ωt = 1
Cω2µ 0 ai In(2)
imax =
π
36 36
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Q(t)
T/4 3T/4
O t
T/2 T
2. When an AC source of emf e = E0 sin (100t) is connected across a circuit, the phase difference
π
between the emf e and the current i in the circuit is observed to be , as shown in the diagram.
4
If the circuit consists possibly only of R–C or R–L or L–C in series, find the relationship
between the two elements: [IIT JEE-2003]
i e
(A) R = 1kΩ, C = 10 µF (B) R = 1kΩ, C = 1 µF

(C) R = 1kΩ, L = 10 H (D) R = 1kΩ, L = 1 H
Ans. (A)
Sol. here current lead the voltage
R
tan φ =
1/ ωc
π
tan = RωC
4
1 1
RC = =
ω 100
3. In an L–R series circuit, a sinusoidal voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied. It is given that L = 35
mH, R = 11 Ω, Vrms = 220 V, ω/2π = 50 Hz and π = 22/7. Find the amplitude of current in the
steady state and obtain the phase difference between the current and the voltage. Also plot the
variation of current for one cycle on the given graph. [IIT JEE- 2004]
v
V=V0 sinωt
t
T/4 T/2 3T/2 2T
Ans. 20A, π/4

Sol. Inductive reactance
XL = ωL = (50) (2π) (35 × 10–3) ≈ 11Ω
37 37
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Impedence Z = R 2 + X 2L = (11) 2 + (11) 2 = 11 2 Ω
Given vrms = 220 V
Hence, amplitude of voltage
v0 = 2 vrms = 220 2 V
v 220 2
∴ Amplitude of current i0 = 0 = or i0 = 20 A
Z 11 2
X   11  π
Phase difference φ = tan–1  L  = tan–1   =
 R   11  4
In L–R circuit voltage leads the currents, Hence, instantaneous current in the circuit is,
i = (20A) sin(ωt – π/4)
Corresponding i–t graph in shown in figure.
v = 220 2 sin ωt
20 i=20sin(ω t–π/4)
O T 9T/8
t
− 10 2 T/8 T/4 T/2 5T/8
4. A long solenoid of radius a and number of turns per unit length n is enclosed by cylindrical
shell of radius R thickness d (d<<R) and length L. A variable current i = i0 sin ωt flows through
the coil. If the resistivity of the material of cylindrical shell is ρ, find the induced current in the
shell. [IIT-JEE 2005]
R
a
(µ 0 ni 0 ω cos ωt) πa 2 (Ld)

Ans. I=
ρ2πR
Sol. φ = (µ0ni0 sin ωt)πa2
I
dφ R
ε= = (µ0ni0ω cosωt)πa2 Induced ×× ×
dt ××× a d
current ×
× ××
ρ2πR
Resistance =
Ld
(µ ni ω cos ωt)πa 2 (Ld)
I= 0 0
ρ2πR
38 38
ALTERNATING CURRENT
5. Match the following Columns [IIT JEE-2006]

Column-I Column-II
(A) Dielectric ring uniformly charged (P) Time independent electrostatic field out of
system
(B) Dielectric ring uniformly charged (Q) Magnetic field
rotating with angular velocity.
(C) Constant current i0 in ring (R) Induced electric field
(D) Current i = i0 cos ωt in ring (S) Magnetic moment
Ans. (A)→ P; (B)→ PQS; (C)→ QS ; (D)→ QRS;
6. Statement–I : A vertical iron rod has a coil of wire wound over it at the bottom end. An
alternating current flows in the coil. The rod goes through a conducting ring as shown in the
figure. The ring can float at a certain height above the coil.
Because :
Statement–II : In the above situation, a current is induced in the ring which interacts with the
horizontal component of the magnetic field to produce an average force in the upward
direction. [IIT JEE-2007]
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for

Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
Ans. A
Sol. Due to induce current in coil, force between two coil is generated.
7. An AC voltage source of variable angular frequency ω and fixed amplitude V0 is connected in

series with a capacitance C and an electric bulb of resistance R (inductance zero). When ω is
increased [IIT JEE- 2010]
(A) the bulb glows dimmer
(B) the bulb glows brighter
(C) total impedance of the circuit is unchanged
(D) total impedance of the circuit increases
39 39
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Ans. (B)
Vrms
Sol. irms =
1
R2 +
ωc 2 2
when ω increases, irms increases so the bulb glows brighter

8. You are given many resistances, capacitors and inductors. These are connected to a variable
DC voltage source (the first two circuits) or an AC voltage source of 50 Hz frequency (the next
three circuits) in different ways as shown in Column II. When a current I (steady state for DC
or rms for AC) flows through the circuit, the corresponding voltage V1 and V2 (indicated in
circuits) are related as shown in Column I. Match the two [IIT JEE-2010]
Column I Column II
(A) I ≠ 0, V1 is proportional to I (P)
(B) I ≠ 0, V2> V1 (Q)
(C) V1=0, V2=V (R)
(D) I ≠ 0, V2 is proportional to I (S)
(T)
Ans. (A)→ RST; (B)→ QRST; (C)→ PQ ; (D)→ QRST
Sol. (p)
V
40 40
ALTERNATING CURRENT
As Ι is steady state current
V1 = 0 ; Ι=0
Hence, V2 = V
So , answer of P ⇒ C
(q)
In the steady state ;

dΙ
V1 = 0 as =0
dt
∴ V2 = V = ΙR
or V2 ∝ Ι
and V2 > V1
So , answer of q ⇒ B, C, D
(r)
Inductive reactance XL = ωL
XL = 6π × 10–1 Ω
and resistance = R = 2Ω
So, V1 = ΙXL
and V2 = ΙR
Hence, V2 > V1
So, Answer of r ⇒ A,B,D
(s)
Here, V1 = ΙXL, where, XL = 6π × 10–1 Ω

104
Also, V2 = ΙXC, where, XC =
3π
So, V2 > V1
V1 ∝ Ι
V2 ∝ Ι
So, answer of s ⇒ A,B,D
41 41
ALTERNATING CURRENT
(t)
Here, V1 = ΙR, where, R = 1000 Ω , XC = Ω

104
V2 = ΙXC , where, XC = Ω
3π
So, V2 > V1
and V1 ∝ Ι
V2 ∝ Ι
So, answer of t ⇒ A,B,D
9. A series R-C circuit is connected to AC voltage source. Consider two cases ; (A) when C is
without a dielectric medium and (B) when C is filled with dielectric of constant 4. The current
IR through the resistor and voltage VC across the capacitor are compared in the two cases.
Which of the following is/are true? [IIT JEE-2011]
(A) I AR > I BR (B) I AR < I BR (C) VCA > VCB (D) VCA < VCB
Ans. (BC)
2
 1 
Sol. Case I Z= R +
2

 ωC 
Case II
V
Ι AR = Z´ < Z
Z
V
Ι BR = Ι AR < Ι BR
Z´
VR < VRB
A
So. VCA > VCB  VR2 + VC2 =

V02
10. A long circular tube of length 10 m and radius 0.3 m carries a current I along its curved surface as
shown. A wire-loop of resistance 0.005 ohm and of radius 0.1m is placed inside the tube with its
axis coinciding with the axis of the tube. The current varies as I=I0cos (300t) where I0 is constant.
If the magnetic moment of the loop is Nµ0I0 sin (300 t), then 'N' is [IIT JEE- 2011]
42 42
ALTERNATING CURRENT
Ans. 6
µ I πr 2 dφ  µ 0 I0 πr 2 
Sol. φ = Bπr2 =  0  πr 2 = µ0I0 cos300t ⇒ ε1 = =  300 sin300t
 L  L dt  L 
ε  πr 2 (300)   π2 r 4 (300) 
 ⇒ M = iπr =   µ0I0 sin300t
2
i= = (µ0I0 sin300t) 
R  LR   LR 
11. A series R-C combination is connected to an AC voltage of angular frequency ω=500 radian/s.
If the impedance of the R-C circuit is R 1.25 , the time constant (in millisecond) of the circuit
is [IIT JEE- 2011]
Ans. 4
Sol.
W = 500 rad/s
2
 1 
=Z   + R = R 1.25
2
 ωC 
2
 1  2 2
  + R = R (1.25)
 ωC 
2
 1  2 2 R2
  +R =R + 4
 ωC 
1 R
⇒ =
ωC 2
2 2
CR = = sec.
ω 500
2
= × 103 ms
500
2 ×1000
= ms
500
= 4 ms
12. In the given circuit, the AC source has ω = 100 rad/s. Considering the inductor and capacitor to
be ideal, the correctchoice (s) is(are) [IIT JEE- 2012]
43 43
ALTERNATING CURRENT
100 µF 100Ω
0.5H 50Ω
20V
(A) The current through the circuit, I is 0.3 A.
(B) The current through the circuit, i is 0.3 2A
(C) The voltage across 100Ω resistor = 10 2V
(D) The voltage across 50Ω resistor = 10V
Ans. (C or AC)
Sol.
20 20 1
I1=
= = A at 45° leading
z1 100 2 5 2
20 20 2
= =
I2 = A at 45° lagging
z 2 50 2 5
1
I= I12 + I 22 = A ≈ 0.3A
10
1
VR1 = I1R1 = ×100 = 10 2V
5 2
Paragraph for Q.No. 13 & 14

A thermal power plant produces electric power of 600 kW and 4000 V, which is to be
transported to a place 20 km away from the power plant for consumers' usage. It can be
transported either directly with a cable of large current carrying capacity or by using a
combination of step-up and step-down transformers at the two ends. The drawback of the direct
transmission is the large energy dissipation. In the method using transformers, the dissipation is
much smaller. In this method, a step-up transformer is used at the plant side so that the current
is reduced to a smaller value. At the consumers' end, a step-down transformer is used to supply
power to the consumers at the specified lower voltage. It is reasonable to assume that the power
44 44
ALTERNATING CURRENT
cable is purely resistive and the transformers are idealwith a power factor unity. All the currents
and voltages mentioned are rms values. [IIT JEE -2013]
13. In the method using the transformers, assume that the ratio of the number of turns in the
primary to that in the secondary in the step-up transformer is 1: 10. If the power to the
consumers has to be supplied at 200 V, the ratio of the number of turns in the primary to that in
the secondary in the step-down transformer is
(A) 200 : 1 (B) 150 : 1 (C) 100 : 1 (D) 50 : 1
Ans. (A)
Sol.
V 10
for step up transformer =
4000 1
⇒ V = 40,000 Volt
V N
for step down transformer = 1
200 N 2
N1 40, 000
⇒ = = 200
N2 200
14. If the direct transmission method with a cable of resistance 0.4 Ω km–1 is used, the power
dissipation (in %) during transmission is
(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50
Ans. (B)
Power
Sol. Current in transmission line =
Voltage
600 ×103
= = 150A
40, 000
Resistance of line = 0.4 × 20 = 8Ω
Power loss in line = i2R = (150)28
= 180 KW
1800 ×103
percentage of power dissipation in during transmission = ×100 =
30%
600 ×103
15. At time t = 0, terminal A in the circuit shown in the figure is connected to B by a key and an
alternating current I(t) = I0 cos(ωt), with I0 = 1A and ω = 500 rad/s starts flowing in it with the
7π
initial direction shown in the figure. At t = , the key is switched from B to D. Now
6ω
45 45
ALTERNATING CURRENT
onwards only A and D are connected. A total charge Q flows from the battery to charge the
capacitor fully. If C = 20µF, R = 10Ω and the battery is ideal with emf of 50 V, identify the
correct statement(s). [IIT JEE- 2014]
B D
C=20µF 50 V
~
R=10Ω
7π
(A) Magnitude of the maximum charge on the capacitor before t = is 1 × 10–3C
6ω
7π
(B) The current in the left part of the circuit just before t =is clockwise.
6ω
(C) Immediately after A is connected to D, the current in R is 10 A.
(D) Q = 2 × 10–3C
Ans. (CD)
π
Sol. Charge on capacitor will be maximum at t =
2ω
Qmax = 2 × 10–3 C
7π
(A) Charge supplied by source from t = 0 to t =
6ω
7π
7π 7π
6ω sin
 sin 500t  6 ω
Q = ∫ cos(500 t) dt =   = 6 = –1mC
0  500 0 500
Just after switching In steady state
–Q1 +Q2
––––
Q1 = 1mC + + + + 50V ++++
––––
50V
Q1 –Q2
+ – + –
R = 10Ω R = 10Ω
Apply KVL just after switching
Q
50 + 1 – IR = 0 ⇒ I = 10A
C
In steady state Q2 = 1mC
Net charge flown from battery = 2mC
16. In the circuit shown L = 1 µH, C = 1 µF and R = 1 kΩ. They are connected in series with an
A.C. source V = V0 sin ωt as shown. which of the following options is/are correct ?
[IIT JEE 2017 (P-1)]
46 46
ALTERNATING CURRENT
L = 1µ H C = 1µF R = 1kΩ
~ V0 sin ωt
(A) The frequency at which the current will be in phase with the voltage is independent of R
(B) At ω ~ 0 the current flowing through the circuit becomes nearly zero
(C) At ω >> 106 rad s–1. the circuit behaves like a capacitor
(D) The current will be in phase with the voltage if ω = 104 rad s–1
Ans. (AB)
1
ωL −
Sol. tan φ = ωC = 0
R
1
ω = ω0 =
LC
ω0 = 106 rad/s
V0
i0 =
2
 1 
R +  ωL −
2

 ωC 
ω  0, i0  0
For ω >> ω0, circuit behaves as inductor.
17. The instantaneous voltages at three terminals marked X, Y and Z are given by
VX = V0 sin ωt, [IIT JEE 2017 (P-2)]
 2 π 
VY = V0 sin  ωt +  and
 3 
 4π 
VZ = V0 sin  ωt + 
 3 
An ideal voltmeter is configured to read rms value of the potential difference between
terminals. It is connected between points X and Y and then between Y and Z. The reading(s) of
the voltmeter will be
3 1
rms
(A) VXY = V0 rms
(B) VYZ = V0
2 2
(C) VXY = V0
rms
(D) Independent of the choice of the two terminals
Ans. (AD)
Sol. Potential difference between X & Y = VX – VY
Potential differential between Y & Z = VY – VZ
Phasor of the voltages:
47 47
ALTERNATING CURRENT
∴ VX – VY = 3V0
3V0
rms
VXY =
2
3V0
rms
similarly VYZ =
2
Also difference is independent of choice of two terminals.
48 48

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ALTERNATING CURRENT

2. An electric bulb is designed to consume 55 W when operated at 110 volts. It is connected to a

1102 + VL2 = (220)2

7. A 50W, 100V lamp is to be connected to an ac mains of 200V, 50Hz. What capacitance is

⇒ (100) + VC2 = (200)2

Sol. Draw phaser for both circuit.

(a) (b) C (c)

Sol. Draw phaser for both circuit.

Voltage Across P = iZP = 

3. In ac circuit when ac ammeter is connected it reads i current if a student uses dc ammeter in

(A) (B) (C) (D)

7. In the shown AC circuit phase different between currents I1 and I2 is

(A) 400 µF (B) 300 µF (C) 500 µF (D) 200 µF

(A) voltmeter V1 (B) voltmeter V2

Vin = 240 Vout = 24

34. The core of any transformer is laminated so as to -

Paragraph for question no 35 to 37

9. Which graph has the highest Q factor ?

(A) ω1 > ω2 > ω3 (B) ω1 > ω2 = ω3 (C) ω1 = ω2 = ω3 (D) ω1 > ω3 > ω2

Hence, the voltage across LC combination will be zero.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) 250 Wb (2) 275 Wb (3) 200 Wb (4) 225 Wb

18. In LC circuit the inductance L = 40 mH and capacitance C = 100 µF. If a voltage

XL = ωL = 314 × 40 × 10–3 = 12.56 Ω

(A) R = 1kΩ, C = 10 µF (B) R = 1kΩ, C = 1 µF

Ans. 20A, π/4

(µ 0 ni 0 ω cos ωt) πa 2 (Ld)

5. Match the following Columns [IIT JEE-2006]

(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for

7. An AC voltage source of variable angular frequency ω and fixed amplitude V0 is connected in

when ω increases, irms increases so the bulb glows brighter

(A) I ≠ 0, V1 is proportional to I (P)

(B) I ≠ 0, V2> V1 (Q)

(C) V1=0, V2=V (R)

(D) I ≠ 0, V2 is proportional to I (S)

Ans. (A)→ RST; (B)→ QRST; (C)→ PQ ; (D)→ QRST

In the steady state ;

Here, V1 = ΙXL, where, XL = 6π × 10–1 Ω

Here, V1 = ΙR, where, R = 1000 Ω , XC = Ω

So. VCA > VCB  VR2 + VC2 =

Paragraph for Q.No. 13 & 14

Just after switching In steady state

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