BASKETBALL

BASKETBALL
BRIEF HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

 A game of five players in each team with seven or more substitutes, wherein a
player can pivot, run, jump, dribble, and pass.
 The objective is to shoot the ball into the opponent’s basket.
 Invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
 Officially played in the 1936 Olympics.
 BAP-the governing body of basketball in the Philippines.
 FIBA (Federation International de Basketball) – International governing body
of Basketball.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. Playing court – 28 meters in length and 15 meters in width,

 The indoor courts have a hard surface, while outdoor courts are made of
asphalts or some other weather resistance material.
 The boundaries of the basketball court are marked by two pairs of parallel
lines called the sidelines and end lines or base lines.
 The court is divided in half by a mid-court line parallel line. Other lines on
the court marks of special areas such as the free throw lanes, free throw
circle and center circle.
2. Backboard, baskets (rings and nets).
3. Basketballs – orange with 8 traditionally-shaped panels and black seam, 74.9
cm- 78 cm in circumference; 567-650 g in weight.
4. Game clock and stopwatch – used for timing periods of play and intervals
5. 24 – second device.
6. Signals, scoreboard, and score sheet.

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC SKILLS

Passing –is a method of moving the ball between players. Most passes are
accompanied by a step forward to increase power and followed through with the
hands to ensure accuracy.

Chest Pass – Hold the ball with both hands, elbows close to the body, fingers
spread with thumbs pointed inward. Step toward the receiver and whip the
ball with a strong wrist snap and push off thumbs and fingers making the
arms follow-through in the direction of pass.
 Bounce Pass – hold ball lower about waist high. Push the ball out and down
with enough force and at such an angle that the ball bounces to the
teammate.
Overhead Pass – Bring the ball well above and slightly behind the head with
both hands and release it with a strong wrist snap and extension of the arms.
Follow-through.

Baseball Pass – Shift the ball in front of the waist to the throwing hand, turn
the opposite side of the body in the direction of the pass, and then whip the
ball back

Dribbling – the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand, and is a
requirement for a player to take steps with the ball. To dribble, a player pushes
the ball down towards the ground with the fingertips.

Pivoting – A forward pivot is executed by keeping one foot in place on the floor
and moving the other forward and across the foot in place. A reverse pivot is
executed by keeping one foot in place and moving the other backward in a semi-
circle.

Shooting-- the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the
basket.
Jump shot Lay up
Free throw shot Dunk

BASIC RULES

1. The game consists 4 periods of 10 minutes and intervals of 2 minutes between

the first and second period, between the third and fourth period and before each
extra period.
2. Score tied at the end of playing time for the fourth period, the game is continued
with an extra period of five minutes or with as many such periods of five minutes
as are necessary to break the tie.
3. During a penalty, the ball is awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the place
of the original throw-in.
4. Three-second rule – A player is not allowed to remain in the opponent’s
restricted area for more than three seconds.
5. Five-second rule- A player who is holding a ball on the court is closely guarded
when an opponent is in active guarding position at a distance of no more than
one meter. A closely guarded player, must pass, shoot or dribble the ball within
five seconds.
6. Eight-second rule- The team must within eight seconds cause the ball to go into
the front court.
7. The team shall attempt 24-second rule – A shot for a field goal within 24
seconds.
VIOLATION OF THE GAME

Personal fouls – It involves illegal contact with an opposing player whether the ball
is live or dead.
Blocking Charging
Illegal guarding Holding
Pushing Illegal screening
Illegal use of hand
Travelling: A player who is holding a live ball on the court steps once or more than
once in any direction with the same foot, while the pivot foot is keeping contact with
the floor.
Double Dribble: When player with the ball dribbles with two hands at one time or
dribbles, stops, then dribbles again.
3-Seconds: When offensive player stays in the key or paint for more than 3 seconds
at a time. If player receives ball in paint, they have an additional 3 seconds to do
something with ball.
Backcourt: When team with ball brings the ball across the half court line and then
goes backwards across line again.
Double Violation: When violations are called on players from both teams
simultaneously.
Held Ball: When player holds onto ball for 5 seconds without dribbling, passing or
shooting.
Hacking: When player fouls someone who is shooting by hitting their arm or hand.
Disqualifying Foul: Any flagrantly unsportsmanlike behavior by a player,
substitute, coach, and assistant coach or team’s followers.
Illegal Screen: When offensive player does not set feet to set a pick and moves with
defensive player.
Double Fouls: Fouls called on players from both teams simultaneously.

OFFICIALS AND PLAYERS

OFFICIALS AND THEIR DUTIES

Referee – the chief officials

Umpire –have the equal right to call fouls and violations and enforced
penalties
Scorer and Timer – assist the officials

The duties and powers of the referee are:

 Inspect and approve all equipment.
 Start the game with a jump ball.
  Declare the forfeiture or default of a game.
 Make decisions on any point not specifically covered in the rules.
 Check the scorebook two minutes before the game to see if names and
numbers of all players are listed and the starting line-up or first five of the
team is listed.
 Decide whether a goal shall count in case of conflict in the decisions.
 Suspend the game for unsportsmanlike conduct and behavior, restore order
and discipline in the game, and discontinue the game if order is not restored.
 Conduct the game in accordance with the rules.
 Call violations and fouls.
 Order time-out or time-in.
 Assist to whom the ball belongs on free throws, time-outs, or out-of-bounds
play.
 Blow whistle, signal time-out, designate the offender, and announce the name
of the foul for the recorder and other bench officials to know.
 Give permission to players to leave the court and beck on substitutes into the
game.

PLAYERS

 The team is composed of a coach, an assistant coach, and players not more
than 12.
 A basketball team has five players each who play both offense and defense.

Center – the tallest person on the team

Two-forward Player – plays near the corner of the court and move
after toward the basket.
Two-Guards – who were the shortest players in the team, play
toward the middle of the court, outside the free throw circle.

BASKETBALL TERMS

Assist: A pass to teammate that leads directly to a field goal.

Backcourt: the area from the midcourt line to the end line furthest from the
offense’s basket.
Basket: Consist of a metal rim with a corded net hanging off of it; attached to the
backboard.
Blocking: The use of a defender’s body position to prevent an opponent’s advance.
Charging: When an offensive player runs into a defender who has established
position; this is an offensive foul.
Defense: preventing the offense from scoring; “The Defense” is considered the team
without the ball.
Dribble or dribbling: repeatedly batting or bouncing the ball toward the floor with
one hand; used to advance the ball.
 Dunk: when a player close to the basket jumps and slam throws tha ball down into
it.
End line: The line behind each basket; also called the baseline.
Foul: Action by players which break the rules but are not floor violations.
Free throw: An unguarded shot taken from the foul line by a player whose
opponent committed a foul; worth 1 point.
Guarding: Following an opponent around the court to prevent him from getting the
ball, taking a shot or making a pass.
Jump ball: Where 2 opposing players jump for a ball the official tosses above and
between them. The players then try to tap the ball to their teammates to gain
possession.
Man-to-man defense: The defensive style where each defensive player is
responsible for guarding one opponent.
Out of bounds: The area outside of and including the end lines and sidelines.
Pass: when a player throws the ball to a teammate.
Rebound: when a player grabs a ball that is coming off the rim or backboard after a
shot attempt.
Screen: when an offensive player stands between a teammate and a defender to
give his teammate the chance to take an open shot.
Shooter: A player who takes a shot at the basket.
Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
Team fouls: each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his
team; when a team goes over the limit, its opponent is awarded free-throw
opportunities.
Technical fouls or Ts: misconduct that officials believe is detrimental to the game;
penalized by a free-throw opportunity to the no-offending team.
Time out: when play is temporarily suspended by an official or the request of a
team to discuss strategy or respond to an injured player.
Travelling: When the ball handler takes too many steps without dribbling; also
called walking.
Zone defense: A defense where each defender is responsible for an area of the
court and must guard any player who enters that area.

REFERENCES:

Bauzon, Orlando D. And De Jesus, Virginia B. (2000) TEAM SPORTS, SLA Published House.

FIBA OFFICIAL BASKETBALL RULES (2012) Official Interpretations,.

Fox, Robert A. (1998) THE COMPLETE HANDBOOK OF INDIVIDUAL SKILLS (Basketball)

Reprinted National Bookstore, Inc. Prentice Hall Intl. (UK) Limited, London.

Schmottlack, Neil and McManama, Jerre (1997) PHYSICAL EDUCATION

HANDBOOK, A Simon and Schuster Company.
Tulio, Doris D. Physical Education 4 for College