HISTORY101 WEEK 4

Saint M. Pizarras 3- BSED-eng Hist101 week 2 Ms.Risonar

LESSON REVIEW

Why is it important to interpret a historical text based on the primary source?

Historical personalities' comprehension or internalization of their experiences, their place or significance

in history, and their viewpoints may all be understood through the study of primary materials, which are
invaluable to historians.

Learning activity

Activity 1

First mass in the philippines

Subject being compared

Limsawa and butuan are the subjects being compared

Reason for comparison

It provides an opportunity for people to express their own emotions to the incident because, on
occasion, differences in ideas led to misunderstandings.

Limasawa
Point 1( argument) Point 2 ( argument)
The first mass ever celebrated in Philippine Checking the contemporary map reveals the
territory took place on March 31, 1521, at islands referred to as Mazua in the narrative and
Limasawa. It was sanctioned by fr. Rafael de maps of Pigafetta. At that time, Limasawa was
Valderama mostly located on Leyte Island.

butuan
Point 1( argument) Point 2 ( argument)
based on the journal of antonio pigafetta, who Because that historical event took place in
documented magallans expedition, that butuan is Butuan, which is located in northern Mindanao,
the site of the first Christian mass. the first mass was held there rather than in the
Visayas.

Similarities
The similarities between the two conflicting accounts are the year of the first Massthat is 1521 and
both of them symbolizes the Catholicism of the Filipino people.

Differences

The differences of the accounts are their claims on where the first mass happens. The argument that
the first Mass happened in Limasawa is backed by the "seven-day stay at Mazaua" where there is no
mention of a river it is literally interpreted as an island surrounded by water and many other
evidences. On the other hand, Butuan is claimedto be where the first Mass happened because of the
route from Homonhom where the expedition travelled to 20 to 25 leagues and other evidences.

Conclusion
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I agree that the first Catholic Mass happened in Limasawa due to the fact that the evidences are more
concrete. If you read more articles regarding the matter and look for more resources, you can see why
the panel unanimously agreed that the evidences and arguments of the pro-Butuan advocates are not
sufficient unlike the Limasawa evidences. In defense with the "latitude positions", backed then it was
"imprecise and unreliable" because it is mostly estimates. Now that our country is composed mostly
of Catholics, the Mass is believed to be the highest form of prayer. The Catholic Mass is composed of
two essential parts: The Liturgy of the Word and The Liturgy of the Eucharist.

Activity 1 compare and contrast

Cavite Mutiny

Subject being compared

Both version of Cavite mutiny the Spanish and Filipino version

Reason for comparison

To know the foundation or root of the historical event.

Filipino account
Point 1( argument) Point 2 ( argument)
The friars and Governor General Izquierdo gov-gen. Izquierdo's program of eliminating the
utilized the cavite community as a means of previlages of the employees and native members
accusing other educated Filipinos, especially the of the Cavite Arsenal
gomburza, of plotting a large-scale revolt against
the Spanish authority.
Spanish account
Point 1( argument) Point 2 ( argument)
They hope to organize a powerful uprising against A Filipino worker's effort to start a revolt and
the Spanish government overthrow the Spanish authority is known as the
They aim to overthrow the Spanish government Cavite Mutiny.
in order to obtain that power.

Similarities

The native army and the workers were not happy when the privileges were delineated.
Differences
The first of the two incidents, the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, occurred in 1873.

Conclusion

The Spanish government or republic is the major factor that sparked the Cavite mutiny. In addition,
the general governor was found guilty of abusing his position of authority.

Activity 1 comparison and contrast

Jose Rizal’s Retraction

Subject being compared

Jose Rizal's Retraction (Authentic)

jose Rizal's Retraction (Not Authentic)
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Reason for comparison

To comprehend the many points of view in the narrative and, ideally, to settle the historical question
surrounding Jose Rizal's life that has been the subject of several historical debates. The question is
whether Rizal renounced Masonry and reaffirmed his Catholic faith on the eve of his death.

authentic
Point 1( argument) Point 2 ( argument)
The National Hero himself is alleged to have For years, individuals who seek the truth have
signed Rizal's letter of retraction, dated argued vehemently over whether or not his
December 29, 1896. "I declare myself a Catholic, retraction is legitimate.
and I wish to live and die in the faith in which I
was born and raised," it said. I sincerely apologize
for anything I have ever said or done that has
been inconsistent with my status as a Catholic
Church member.

Not authentic
Point 1( argument)
When the family of Rizal requested the original of
the aforementioned document or a copy of the
supposed retraction letter, the petition was
refused. The said letter could only be a rejection
of his retraction since Rizal understood the friars
were deceiving the Filipinos and he wanted to
put the record right.
Point 2 ( argument)
Rizal didn't back down. Although there were a
variety of viewpoints and arguments offered by
different authors as to whether Rizal had
retracted or not, But as of right now, there is no
evidence or rationale to put the argument to rest.
The original copy was allegedly lost when Rizal's
family asked for it.

Similarities
Reports and analysis are both here. Fr. Balaguer It was easier to grasp Rizal's retractions when Pi,
Palma, and Coates provided alternative thoughts in between each statement. Aside from highlighting
the similarities between these assertions, Fr. Fr. Balaguer and Both Pi and Rizal publicly declared their
support for the retraction of Rizal. Additionally, they recently mentioned the events that occurred
when Rizal is claimed to have retracted his masonry. Furthermore, the two versions appear to be only
a reminder of one another, corresponding with the actions taken by each author with regard to the
occasion and those engaged in the aforementioned retraction. They both assert that Rizal signed and
modified the retraction formula that Fr. prepared only hours before his death, drawing his masonry
believers voluntarily. In front of Father Balaguer, Senor Fresno, Senor Moure, and other witnesses, Pio
even read it out. We may conclude that the article appeared to be one-sided since it was based
mostly on their own declared viewpoints and thoughts in these two stories, which both at this time
shown prejudice.

Differences
The last two narratives deviate from Palma and Coates' assessments in the sense that they do not
support the notion that Rizal truly recanted. They both provided excellent reasons to justify their
disagreement with Rizal's retractation. Additionally, they conducted analysis based on events during
Rizal's captivity, alleged retractions, and events leading up to Rizal's death.
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They both articulated various points of view and different deeds related to the events that supported
their claims. In addition, they emphasized how these retraction claims are in direct opposition to what
actually transpired when Rizal was killed by these Jesuits, clearly going against Catholic Church
practices. Additionally, some asserted that the document was fraudulent and that those who created
it had additional goals in mind, such as political ones. Similarities and variations amongst these
testimonies also pertain to their participation in the incident. Fr. Fr and Pi. While Palma and Coates
based their analysis on second hand experiences and information, Balaguer presents first-hand
contacts with Rizal.

Conclusion
The works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal had not been withdrawn. I sincerely feel that our National Hero infused
his writings with beliefs during the lengthy process that culminated to our freedom. Although there
are numerous evidence points supporting the veracity of the retraction letter written by our National
Hero, I personally think that he didn't withdraw. Why would this authentication letter vanish at that
time and return 39 years later is a mystery if it is considered to be a significant document. Even
merely to complete his writings and publications, never alone the financial strain he went through,
Rizal endured years of fight for his own ideas. Why would Rizal withdraw when he is certain that he
will still be put to death even after signing the retraction document? Rizal was charged with engaging
in filibusterous propaganda, a crime that carries a death sentence under Spanish law. The treatment
of Rizal during his final hours in Fort Santiago does not suggest a conversion. The Mi Ultimo Adios and
letters or even a religious instability are indications of what happened to the three priests who were
garroted years earlier, despite the fact that they were still a part of the church. Contrary to Father
Balaguer's assertion that Rizal was unaware of the retraction even in the afternoon and was asking for
the formula, Rizal never mentioned it in the evening when his sister and mother came. Dr. Jose P.
Rizal sparked a nationalist awakening in us. He was hooked on the idea that he would die for the sake
of his nation; he had previously desired death. Even all of Rizal's friends do not think that he has
written a retraction since his character speaks so loudly. Like them, I was of the opinion that he had
not recanted before dying. As a fellow Filipino who loves his country, I have always shared the
convictions and teachings of our National Hero. Whatever new information concerning the reality of
the retraction dispute surrounding Rizal may reveal, it does not diminish his glory as a Filipino.

Activity 1 Comparison and contrast

The cry

Subject being compared

The balintawak and pugadlawin

Reason for comparison

The so-called cry is said to have occurred in Balintawak, but some contend that it actually took place
at Pugadlawin, leaving the debate unresolved.

Balintawak
Point 1( argument) Point 2 ( argument)
According to Lt. Olegario Diaz of the Spanish
The event occurred during the last week of Guardia Civil, the scream occurred on August 25,
August 1896 at Balintawak, according to the 1896, at Balintawak.
filipino revolution.

Pugadlawin
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Point 1( argument) Point 2 ( argument)

The cry is defined in Toedoro Agoncillo's 1956 A close friend of Andrés Bonifacio and Pio
book The Revolt of the Masses. Valanzuela stated in 1948 that the incident
occurred on August 23, 1896, in Pugadlawin.

Similarities
Similarities exist between those fighting for fundamental human rights and those battling for
freedom.

Differences
Different versions of the stories that have been contested regarding the location of the even
Conclusion

On August 23, 1896, in Pugadlawin, a scene from the 1956 novel The Cry occurred.

Activity 2 Identifying arguments

Limasawa

Claimant Argument 1 Evidences/Proofs

Fr.Pedro Valderama
on Easter Day, it was conducted
by Fr. Pedro Valderama.
it was proven with evidences
that the first mass in the
Philippines took place in
Limasawa Island in Visayas on
March 31, 1521. It was also
affirmed that in the same date,
Magellan with his troops
planted a cross on the same site
(Cebu Living: The good life in
the Beautiful Island, 2006). The
tradition, unlike the other, is
supported with a number of
solid proofs which includes the
Albo’s log book, evidences of
Pigafetta, and theevidence
from Legazpi’s expedition. In
Albo’s account, he did not
mention the first mass
andwhere it took place.
However, he mentioned that
Magellan planted the cross
“upon a mountain-top from
which could be seen three
islands to the west and
southwest.”

Your observation

The fact that information is presented on both sides and it is difficult to establish exactly where
anything occurred makes the situation more confusing, in my opinion
Activity 2

Butuan
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Claimant Argument 1 Evidences/Proofs

Sonia Zaide Butuan as the location of the The basis of Zaide's claim is the
first Christian mass diary of Antonio Pigafetta,
chronicler of Magellan's voyage.

Your observation

I see that the claimant's major source is Antonio Pigafetta's diary. It's wonderful to have this as a key
source, but is it a trustworthy or legitimate diary?

cavite mutiny

filipino version

Claimant Argument 1 Evidences/Proofs

Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo
de Tavera
abolition of privileges enjoyed
by the workers of Cavite arsenal
such as non-payment of tributes
and exemption from force labor
were the main reasons of the
“revolution” as how they called
it, however, other causes were
enumerated by them including
the Spanish .
A Filipino scholar and
researcher, wrote the Filipino
version of the bloody incident in
Cavite. In his point of view, the
incident was a mere mutiny by
the native Filipino soldiers and
laborers of the Cavite arsenal
who turned out to be
dissatisfied with the abolition of
their privileges. Indirectly,
Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s
cold-blooded policies such as
the abolition of privileges of the
workers and native army
members of the arsenal and the
prohibition of the founding of
school of arts and trades for the
Filipinos, which the general
believed as a cover-up for the
organization of a political club.

Your observation
I observed that the content of the event is a severe issue which cause a massive revolutionary
because of that privileges, I noticed that the proof is just the point of view of the claimants

Activity 2

Spanish version
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Claimant Argument 1
Jose Montero y Vidal The event and highlighted it as
an attempt of the Indios to
overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
Your observation
Instead of the opposing claimant's point of view, I can see that this claimant provided documentation
of the incident, which is more credible.
Rizal retraction was authentic
Claimant Argument 1
WEEK 4
Evidences/Proofs
Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s
official report magnified the
event and made use of it to
implicate the native clergy,
which was then active in the call
for secularization. The two
accounts complimented and
corroborated with one other,
only that the general’s report
was more spiteful. Initially, both
Montero and Izquierdo scored
out that the abolition of
privileges enjoyed by the
workers of Cavite arsenal such
as non-payment of tributes and
exemption from force labor
were the main reasons of the
“revolution” as how they called
it, however, other causes were
enumerated by them including
the Spanish Revolution which
overthrew the secular throne,
dirty propagandas proliferated
by unrestrained press,
democratic, liberal and
republican books and
pamphlets reaching the
Philippines, and most
importantly, the presence of
the native clergy who out of
animosity against the Spanish
friars, “conspired and
supported” the rebels and
enemies of Spain. In particular,
Izquierdo blamed the unruly
Spanish Press for “stockpiling”
malicious propagandas grasped
by the Filipinos. He reported to
the King of Spain that the
“rebels” wanted to overthrow
the Spanish government to
install a new “hari” in the likes
of Fathers Burgos and Zamora.
Evidences/Proofs
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Basis for the story that Rizal

Vicente Balaguer,S.J
Rizal retraction was authentic
retracted his words and deeds.
It was also he who made the
claim that he married Jose Rizal
and Josephine Bracken at 6.15
a.m. on December 30, just
minutes before Rizal was
executed.

Your observation

I observed that the claimant provide lack of evidences to prove that rizal retraction was authentic
although his content is good enough to show that rizal retraction was authentic

Activity 3 Identifyng the arguments

Rizal retraction was not authentic

Claimant Argument 1 Evidences/Proofs

Morato said in his "expose" that
the friars forged the retraction
letter and published in the
Manuel Morato Rizal retraction was not Clerico- Fascist newspapers at
authentic that time. Morato confirmed
"No, Rizal never retracted
although that fake retraction
was published by friars then and
is still sadly peddled in most
school, but that is not true."

Both Morato and Fernandez

have documents to prove that
when Rizal was in Dapitan, he
was allowed to go to Cebu with
Josephine Bracken and
Archbishop of Cebu, at that
time, tried to dangle marriage
and coaxed him to to retract

Your observation
As far as I can tell, the claimants' evidence is sound, but it doesn't demonstrate that the retraction
was false. If the claims could, however, present stronger and more convincing evidence, the situation
may be resolved.

Pogadlawin

Claimant Argument 1 Evidences/Proofs

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Wrote in 1956 that it took place

Teodoro Agoncillo
in Pugad Lawin on August 23,
1896, based on Pío Valenzuela's
statement. Accounts by
The cry happened in historians Milagros Guerrero,
pogadlawin Emmanuel Encarnacion and
Ramon Villegas claim the event
to have taken place in Tandang
Sora's barn in Gulod, Barrio
Banlat, Caloocan (now part of
Quezon City).

Your observation

I have seen that the person who claims that a cry occurred at Pogadlawin requires further proof, such
as a legitimate paper proving that the cry occurred there, even though his other evidence is strong.

balintawak

Claimant Argument 1 Evidences/Proofs

An officer of the Spanish
Guardia civil stated that the Cry
The cry happened in balintawak happened in Balintawak on
August 25, 1896. Historian
Olegario Diaz, Teodoro Kalaw wrote in his
1925 book entitled The Filipino
Revolution that the Cry took
place during the final week of
August 1896 at Kangkong,
Balintawak.

Your observation

His claim was to demonstrate that the cry occurred in Balintawak in accordance with the book
published by Teodoro Kalaw, a historian who has a PhD in history. I was encouraged to trust in this
claimant since what he asserted was supported by a reliable source, which is a book by a historian.