BATIMENTOS ACÚSTICOS

http://www.surendranath.org/GPA/Waves/Beats
/BeatsAnim.html

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 Sound Waves and Beats
Figure (a) below shows how two waves (one red, one blue) combine to produce beats.

Initially, the two waves interfere constructively, giving a large amplitude. The sound we
hear at this time is loud, as is indicated in figure (b).
Batimento: https://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResource.dspDetail&resourceID=524

Ressonância em tubos: https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ResonanceInOpenAndClosedPipes/

Standing waves in air column
Normal modes in a pipe with an open and a closed end (stopped pipe)
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ResonanceInOpenAndClosedPipes/

n 4L v
L  n or n  ( n  1,3,5,...) fn  n ( n  1,3,5,...)
4 n 4L
Ondas estacionárias no ar:

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EFEITO DOPPLER ACÚSTICO

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 Efeito Doppler
Fenômeno segundo o qual a frequência do som ouvida pelo observador é diferente
da emitida pela fonte, devido ao movimento relativo entre eles.

A frequência percebida pelo observador muda porque as frentes de onda se aproximam na

direção do movimento. Ela obedece à seguinte expressão:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ijgwA6tu7w

http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/waves-sound/Doppler/index.html#5.3
 Derivation of the Observed Frequency due to the Doppler Shift
THE DOPPLER EFFECT EQUATION & CALCULATING FREQUENCY CHANGE Usando
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Book%3A_University_Physics_(OpenS
conteúdo
tax)/Map%3A_University_Physics_I_- desse site.
_Mechanics_Sound_Oscillations_and_Waves_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Sound/17.08%3A_The_Doppler
_Effect

The formula for determining the frequency during this event is as follows:

Where:
ƒ = observed frequency
c = speed of sound
Vs = velocity of source (negative if it’s moving toward the observer)
ƒ0 = emitted frequency of source
Resumo
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚
Fonte aproximando do observador parado: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚− 𝑣fonte

𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚
Fonte afastando do observador parado: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚 + 𝑣fonte

𝑣 𝑠𝑜𝑚 − 𝑣𝑜𝑏𝑠
Observador afastando da fonte parada: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚

𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚 + 𝑣𝑜𝑏𝑠
Observador aproximando da fonte parada: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚

𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚 − 𝑣𝑜𝑏𝑠
Fonte aproximando e observador afastando: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚− 𝑣fonte

𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚 + 𝑣𝑜𝑏𝑠
Fonte aproximando e observador aproximando: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚− 𝑣fonte

𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚 − 𝑣𝑜𝑏𝑠
Fonte afastando e observador afastando: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚+ 𝑣fonte

𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚+ 𝑣𝑜𝑏𝑠
Fonte afastando e observador aproximando: fobs= fFonte
𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑚+ 𝑣fonte
Consider an ambulance moving toward a stationary observer. The speed of sound, is
340.29 m/s; the velocity of the source (ambulance), is Vs=15.6464 m/s and the
frequency of the ambulance siren, is f0,= 700 Hz.

Therefore, the observed frequency is (note: Vs is negative since the source is

moving towards the observer)

which reduces to: ƒ ≈ 734 Hz

Once the ambulance passes, the frequency of the sound decreases, or sounds “lower”.
The same calculation is performed to determine the observed frequency, except in
this case Vs is positive:

ƒ ≈ 669 Hz

A similar change in sound frequency is observed if the observer is moving towards a

stationary sound source. In this case the formula is:

Where Vr is the velocity of the receiver, or observer. (note: this is negative if the
observer is moving away from the source).
Example: if you are driving your boat at 25.722 m/s (50 knots) towards a buoy with a
foghorn emitting a 400 Hz signal, the frequency of the sound you hear would be:

ƒ ≈ 430 Hz

We can also calculate the observed frequency if both the source sound and the observer
are moving towards each other. In this case, the formula is:

Now pretend that you and your friends are sitting on top of a tour bus moving at 30 miles
per hour (13.4112 m/s).That same ambulance is comes towards your bus at 28 miles
per hour (12.51712 m/s). Which is the frequency of what you hear ?

ƒ ≈ 755 Hz
 O Efeito Doppler em função da razão vfonte/vsom (onda de choque)
http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/teach_res/hsp/sp/mod31/m31_doppler_ag.htm

O Número de Mach (M) é definido pela razão entre o módulo da velocidade de um

v
objeto na atmosfera ( v ) (o avião) e o módulo da velocidade do som ( vsom ): M 
vsom
M<1, temos velocidades subsônicas
M>1, velocidades supersônicas.
O inverso de M é o seno do meio-ângulo φ que ocorre no Cone de Mach, que é o
vsom
cone formado em uma onda de choque: sen 
v
Quanto maior for a velocidade do objeto, menor será o ângulo de abertura do cone.
 Algumas situações interessantes com Efeito Doppler.

https://www.studyadda.com/notes/jee-main-advanced/physics/wave-mechanics/some-typical-cases-of-
dopplers-effect/8029